Main Contents

• Preface

  • The Aims
  • The Contents
  • The Audience
  • Acknowledgments

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• 1994 - a Year of Change

  • General Discussion
  • Geographical Distribution
  • Market Shares of the Vendors
  • Architectural Changes
  • Technological Changes
  • Application Areas
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • TOP 20 Supercomputer Sites of the World (Postscript File)

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• High Performance Computing in the U.S. in 1994 - An Analysis on the Basis of the TOP500 List

  • Introduction
  • U.S. Dominance of the World Wide HPC Market
  • Market Penetration by Micros and MPPs
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • TOP 20 Supercomputer Sites - US (Postscript File)

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• Supercomputing in Japan

  • Introduction
  • `Japan Inc.' and Supercomputers
  • Japanese Supercomputer Evolution
    • NEC's SX Family
    • Fujitsu's VP Series
    • Hitachi's Supercomputers
    • Japanese Involvement with Unix
  • Scalable Vector Parallel Computers
    • NEC SX-4 Series
    • Fujitsu VPP500 Series
    • Market Impact
    • Numerical Wind Tunnel
  • Japanese Procurements
  • Supercomputer Import
    • Cray in Japan
    • Other Foreign Vendors in Japan
  • Application Software
  • Japanese Supercomputer Installations
    • Universities
  • Governmental Research Laboratories
    • Automobile Manufacturers
    • Electronics Manufacturers
  • Conclusions and Outlook
  • References
  • List of Figures
  • TOP 20 Supercomputer Sites - Japan (Postscript File)

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• High Performance Computing in Europe

  • General Situation
    • Distribution on Countries
    • The different Manufacturers
    • Architectures and Applications
  • Germany
  • United Kingdom
  • France
  • The Benelux
  • The European TOP25 Supercomputer Centres
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • TOP 20 Supercomputer Sites - Europe (Postscript File)

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• Short Description of Archictectures in the TOP500

  • The Main Architectural Classes
  • Description of Machine Architectures
    • The Convex C4 series. (C4/XA)
    • The Convex Exemplar SPP-1000.
    • The Cray Computer Corporation Cray-2
    • The Cray Computer Corporation Cray-3
    • The Cray Research Inc. CS6400
    • The Cray Research Inc. T3D
    • Cray Y-MP
    • The Cray Y-MP C90
    • The Cray Y-MP M90
    • The Fujitsu VP2000
    • The Fujitsu VPP500 series.
    • The Hitachi S3600 series.
    • The Hitachi S-3800 series.
    • The Hitachi S-820
    • The IBM 9076 SP1
    • The IBM 9076 SP2
    • The IBM ES/9000.
    • The Intel iPSC/860
    • The Intel Paragon XP
    • The Kendall Square Research KSR1.
    • The Kendall Square Research KSR2.
    • The MasPar MP-2.
    • The Meiko i860 Computing Surface 1
    • The Meiko Computing Surface 2.
    • The nCUBE 2.
    • The NEC SX-3
    • The Parsytec Power Plus.
    • The Silicon Graphics Challenge
    • Silicon Graphics Power Challenge
    • The Thinking Machines Corp. CM-2
    • The Thinking Machines Corp. CM-200
    • The Thinking Machines Corp. CM-5
  • References
  • Contents
  • List of Tables

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• The ParkBench Benchmark Collection

  • Introduction
    • Background and Objectives
    • Programming Models
    • Computer Terminology
    • How to get the PARKBENCH Report and Benchmarks
  • Benchmarking Procedure and Code Optimisation
  • Low-Level Benchmarks
    • Introduction
      • Most Reported Benchmark: LINPACKD (n=100)
      • Performance Range: The Livermore Loops
    • Single-Processor Benchmarks
      • Timer resolution: TICK1
      • Timer value: TICK2
      • Basic Arithmetic Operations: RINF1
      • Memory-Bottleneck Benchmarks: POLY1 and POLY2
    • Multi-Processor Benchmarks
      • Communication Benchmarks: COMMS1 and COMMS2
      • Total Saturation Bandwidth: COMMS3
      • Communication Bottleneck: POLY3
      • Synchronisation Benchmarks: SYNCH1
    • Summary of Benchmarks
  • Kernel Benchmarks
    • Introduction and Rationale
    • The Kernel Benchmarks
      • Matrix benchmarks
      • Fourier Transforms
    • Benchmark Implementation
    • Concluding Remarks
  • Compact Applications
    • Introduction
      • Self Checking Applications
      • Programming Languages
    • Proposed Compact Application Benchmarks
  • HPF Compiler Benchmarks
    • Objectives
    • Summary
  • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables

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• Application-Software for Supercomputers

  • Introduction
  • Parallel Vector Processors
  • Massively Parallel Processors
    • The issue of programming-paradigms
    • Workstation Clusters
    • Porting-Activities
    • Portability vs. Optimisation and economical aspects
  • Available scientific software
    • Shared Memory
    • Distributed Memory
    • Comparison of the PVP and MPP situation
  • Conclusions
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables

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• TOP500 Supercomputer Sites - June 1994 (Postsript File)

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• TOP500 Supercomputer Sites - November 1994 (Postsript File)