cppsvx.f

Go to the documentation of this file.

*> \brief <b> CPPSVX computes the solution to system of linear equations A * X = B for OTHER matrices</b>
*
*  =========== DOCUMENTATION ===========
*
* Online html documentation available at
*            http://www.netlib.org/lapack/explore-html/
*
*> \htmlonly
*> Download CPPSVX + dependencies
*> <a href="http://www.netlib.org/cgi-bin/netlibfiles.tgz?format=tgz&filename=/lapack/lapack_routine/cppsvx.f">
*> [TGZ]</a>
*> <a href="http://www.netlib.org/cgi-bin/netlibfiles.zip?format=zip&filename=/lapack/lapack_routine/cppsvx.f">
*> [ZIP]</a>
*> <a href="http://www.netlib.org/cgi-bin/netlibfiles.txt?format=txt&filename=/lapack/lapack_routine/cppsvx.f">
*> [TXT]</a>
*> \endhtmlonly
*
*  Definition:
*  ===========
*
*       SUBROUTINE CPPSVX( FACT, UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, AFP, EQUED, S, B, LDB,
*                          X, LDX, RCOND, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
*
*       .. Scalar Arguments ..
*       CHARACTER          EQUED, FACT, UPLO
*       INTEGER            INFO, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS
*       REAL               RCOND
*       ..
*       .. Array Arguments ..
*       REAL               BERR( * ), FERR( * ), RWORK( * ), S( * )
*       COMPLEX            AFP( * ), AP( * ), B( LDB, * ), WORK( * ),
*      $                   X( LDX, * )
*       ..
*
*
*> \par Purpose:
*  =============
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> CPPSVX uses the Cholesky factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H to
*> compute the solution to a complex system of linear equations
*>    A * X = B,
*> where A is an N-by-N Hermitian positive definite matrix stored in
*> packed format and X and B are N-by-NRHS matrices.
*>
*> Error bounds on the solution and a condition estimate are also
*> provided.
*> \endverbatim
*
*> \par Description:
*  =================
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> The following steps are performed:
*>
*> 1. If FACT = 'E', real scaling factors are computed to equilibrate
*>    the system:
*>       diag(S) * A * diag(S) * inv(diag(S)) * X = diag(S) * B
*>    Whether or not the system will be equilibrated depends on the
*>    scaling of the matrix A, but if equilibration is used, A is
*>    overwritten by diag(S)*A*diag(S) and B by diag(S)*B.
*>
*> 2. If FACT = 'N' or 'E', the Cholesky decomposition is used to
*>    factor the matrix A (after equilibration if FACT = 'E') as
*>       A = U**H * U ,  if UPLO = 'U', or
*>       A = L * L**H,  if UPLO = 'L',
*>    where U is an upper triangular matrix, L is a lower triangular
*>    matrix, and **H indicates conjugate transpose.
*>
*> 3. If the leading principal minor of order i is not positive,
*>    then the routine returns with INFO = i. Otherwise, the factored
*>    form of A is used to estimate the condition number of the matrix
*>    A.  If the reciprocal of the condition number is less than machine
*>    precision, INFO = N+1 is returned as a warning, but the routine
*>    still goes on to solve for X and compute error bounds as
*>    described below.
*>
*> 4. The system of equations is solved for X using the factored form
*>    of A.
*>
*> 5. Iterative refinement is applied to improve the computed solution
*>    matrix and calculate error bounds and backward error estimates
*>    for it.
*>
*> 6. If equilibration was used, the matrix X is premultiplied by
*>    diag(S) so that it solves the original system before
*>    equilibration.
*> \endverbatim
*
*  Arguments:
*  ==========
*
*> \param[in] FACT
*> \verbatim
*>          FACT is CHARACTER*1
*>          Specifies whether or not the factored form of the matrix A is
*>          supplied on entry, and if not, whether the matrix A should be
*>          equilibrated before it is factored.
*>          = 'F':  On entry, AFP contains the factored form of A.
*>                  If EQUED = 'Y', the matrix A has been equilibrated
*>                  with scaling factors given by S.  AP and AFP will not
*>                  be modified.
*>          = 'N':  The matrix A will be copied to AFP and factored.
*>          = 'E':  The matrix A will be equilibrated if necessary, then
*>                  copied to AFP and factored.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] UPLO
*> \verbatim
*>          UPLO is CHARACTER*1
*>          = 'U':  Upper triangle of A is stored;
*>          = 'L':  Lower triangle of A is stored.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] N
*> \verbatim
*>          N is INTEGER
*>          The number of linear equations, i.e., the order of the
*>          matrix A.  N >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] NRHS
*> \verbatim
*>          NRHS is INTEGER
*>          The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns
*>          of the matrices B and X.  NRHS >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] AP
*> \verbatim
*>          AP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2)
*>          On entry, the upper or lower triangle of the Hermitian matrix
*>          A, packed columnwise in a linear array, except if FACT = 'F'
*>          and EQUED = 'Y', then A must contain the equilibrated matrix
*>          diag(S)*A*diag(S).  The j-th column of A is stored in the
*>          array AP as follows:
*>          if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j;
*>          if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n.
*>          See below for further details.  A is not modified if
*>          FACT = 'F' or 'N', or if FACT = 'E' and EQUED = 'N' on exit.
*>
*>          On exit, if FACT = 'E' and EQUED = 'Y', A is overwritten by
*>          diag(S)*A*diag(S).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] AFP
*> \verbatim
*>          AFP is COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2)
*>          If FACT = 'F', then AFP is an input argument and on entry
*>          contains the triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky
*>          factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H, in the same storage
*>          format as A.  If EQUED .ne. 'N', then AFP is the factored
*>          form of the equilibrated matrix A.
*>
*>          If FACT = 'N', then AFP is an output argument and on exit
*>          returns the triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky
*>          factorization A = U**H * U or A = L * L**H of the original
*>          matrix A.
*>
*>          If FACT = 'E', then AFP is an output argument and on exit
*>          returns the triangular factor U or L from the Cholesky
*>          factorization A = U**H*U or A = L*L**H of the equilibrated
*>          matrix A (see the description of AP for the form of the
*>          equilibrated matrix).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] EQUED
*> \verbatim
*>          EQUED is CHARACTER*1
*>          Specifies the form of equilibration that was done.
*>          = 'N':  No equilibration (always true if FACT = 'N').
*>          = 'Y':  Equilibration was done, i.e., A has been replaced by
*>                  diag(S) * A * diag(S).
*>          EQUED is an input argument if FACT = 'F'; otherwise, it is an
*>          output argument.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] S
*> \verbatim
*>          S is REAL array, dimension (N)
*>          The scale factors for A; not accessed if EQUED = 'N'.  S is
*>          an input argument if FACT = 'F'; otherwise, S is an output
*>          argument.  If FACT = 'F' and EQUED = 'Y', each element of S
*>          must be positive.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] B
*> \verbatim
*>          B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
*>          On entry, the N-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B.
*>          On exit, if EQUED = 'N', B is not modified; if EQUED = 'Y',
*>          B is overwritten by diag(S) * B.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDB
*> \verbatim
*>          LDB is INTEGER
*>          The leading dimension of the array B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] X
*> \verbatim
*>          X is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS)
*>          If INFO = 0 or INFO = N+1, the N-by-NRHS solution matrix X to
*>          the original system of equations.  Note that if EQUED = 'Y',
*>          A and B are modified on exit, and the solution to the
*>          equilibrated system is inv(diag(S))*X.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDX
*> \verbatim
*>          LDX is INTEGER
*>          The leading dimension of the array X.  LDX >= max(1,N).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] RCOND
*> \verbatim
*>          RCOND is REAL
*>          The estimate of the reciprocal condition number of the matrix
*>          A after equilibration (if done).  If RCOND is less than the
*>          machine precision (in particular, if RCOND = 0), the matrix
*>          is singular to working precision.  This condition is
*>          indicated by a return code of INFO > 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] FERR
*> \verbatim
*>          FERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS)
*>          The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector
*>          X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X).
*>          If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j)
*>          is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest
*>          element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the
*>          largest element in X(j).  The estimate is as reliable as
*>          the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight
*>          overestimate of the true error.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] BERR
*> \verbatim
*>          BERR is REAL array, dimension (NRHS)
*>          The componentwise relative backward error of each solution
*>          vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in
*>          any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] WORK
*> \verbatim
*>          WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] RWORK
*> \verbatim
*>          RWORK is REAL array, dimension (N)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] INFO
*> \verbatim
*>          INFO is INTEGER
*>          = 0:  successful exit
*>          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*>          > 0:  if INFO = i, and i is
*>                <= N:  the leading principal minor of order i of A
*>                       is not positive, so the factorization could not
*>                       be completed, and the solution has not been
*>                       computed. RCOND = 0 is returned.
*>                = N+1: U is nonsingular, but RCOND is less than machine
*>                       precision, meaning that the matrix is singular
*>                       to working precision.  Nevertheless, the
*>                       solution and error bounds are computed because
*>                       there are a number of situations where the
*>                       computed solution can be more accurate than the
*>                       value of RCOND would suggest.
*> \endverbatim
*
*  Authors:
*  ========
*
*> \author Univ. of Tennessee
*> \author Univ. of California Berkeley
*> \author Univ. of Colorado Denver
*> \author NAG Ltd.
*
*> \ingroup ppsvx
*
*> \par Further Details:
*  =====================
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*>  The packed storage scheme is illustrated by the following example
*>  when N = 4, UPLO = 'U':
*>
*>  Two-dimensional storage of the Hermitian matrix A:
*>
*>     a11 a12 a13 a14
*>         a22 a23 a24
*>             a33 a34     (aij = conjg(aji))
*>                 a44
*>
*>  Packed storage of the upper triangle of A:
*>
*>  AP = [ a11, a12, a22, a13, a23, a33, a14, a24, a34, a44 ]
*> \endverbatim
*>
*  =====================================================================
      SUBROUTINE cppsvx( FACT, UPLO, N, NRHS, AP, AFP, EQUED, S, B, LDB,
     $                   X, LDX, RCOND, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
*
*  -- LAPACK driver routine --
*  -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee,    --
*  -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
*
*     .. Scalar Arguments ..
      CHARACTER          EQUED, FACT, UPLO
      INTEGER            INFO, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS
      REAL               RCOND
*     ..
*     .. Array Arguments ..
      REAL               BERR( * ), FERR( * ), RWORK( * ), S( * )
      COMPLEX            AFP( * ), AP( * ), B( LDB, * ), WORK( * ),
     $                   x( ldx, * )
*     ..
*
*  =====================================================================
*
*     .. Parameters ..
      REAL               ZERO, ONE
      parameter( zero = 0.0e+0, one = 1.0e+0 )
*     ..
*     .. Local Scalars ..
      LOGICAL            EQUIL, NOFACT, RCEQU
      INTEGER            I, INFEQU, J
      REAL               AMAX, ANORM, BIGNUM, SCOND, SMAX, SMIN, SMLNUM
*     ..
*     .. External Functions ..
      LOGICAL            LSAME
      REAL               CLANHP, SLAMCH
      EXTERNAL           lsame, clanhp, slamch
*     ..
*     .. External Subroutines ..
      EXTERNAL           ccopy, clacpy, claqhp, cppcon, cppequ, cpprfs,
     $                   cpptrf, cpptrs, xerbla
*     ..
*     .. Intrinsic Functions ..
      INTRINSIC          max, min
*     ..
*     .. Executable Statements ..
*
      info = 0
      nofact = lsame( fact, 'N' )
      equil = lsame( fact, 'E' )
      IF( nofact .OR. equil ) THEN
         equed = 'N'
         rcequ = .false.
      ELSE
         rcequ = lsame( equed, 'Y' )
         smlnum = slamch( 'Safe minimum' )
         bignum = one / smlnum
      END IF
*
*     Test the input parameters.
*
      IF( .NOT.nofact .AND. .NOT.equil .AND. .NOT.lsame( fact, 'F' ) )
     $     THEN
         info = -1
      ELSE IF( .NOT.lsame( uplo, 'U' ) .AND. .NOT.lsame( uplo, 'L' ) )
     $          THEN
         info = -2
      ELSE IF( n.LT.0 ) THEN
         info = -3
      ELSE IF( nrhs.LT.0 ) THEN
         info = -4
      ELSE IF( lsame( fact, 'F' ) .AND. .NOT.
     $         ( rcequ .OR. lsame( equed, 'N' ) ) ) THEN
         info = -7
      ELSE
         IF( rcequ ) THEN
            smin = bignum
            smax = zero
            DO 10 j = 1, n
               smin = min( smin, s( j ) )
               smax = max( smax, s( j ) )
   10       CONTINUE
            IF( smin.LE.zero ) THEN
               info = -8
            ELSE IF( n.GT.0 ) THEN
               scond = max( smin, smlnum ) / min( smax, bignum )
            ELSE
               scond = one
            END IF
         END IF
         IF( info.EQ.0 ) THEN
            IF( ldb.LT.max( 1, n ) ) THEN
               info = -10
            ELSE IF( ldx.LT.max( 1, n ) ) THEN
               info = -12
            END IF
         END IF
      END IF
*
      IF( info.NE.0 ) THEN
         CALL xerbla( 'CPPSVX', -info )
         RETURN
      END IF
*
      IF( equil ) THEN
*
*        Compute row and column scalings to equilibrate the matrix A.
*
         CALL cppequ( uplo, n, ap, s, scond, amax, infequ )
         IF( infequ.EQ.0 ) THEN
*
*           Equilibrate the matrix.
*
            CALL claqhp( uplo, n, ap, s, scond, amax, equed )
            rcequ = lsame( equed, 'Y' )
         END IF
      END IF
*
*     Scale the right-hand side.
*
      IF( rcequ ) THEN
         DO 30 j = 1, nrhs
            DO 20 i = 1, n
               b( i, j ) = s( i )*b( i, j )
   20       CONTINUE
   30    CONTINUE
      END IF
*
      IF( nofact .OR. equil ) THEN
*
*        Compute the Cholesky factorization A = U**H * U or A = L * L**H.
*
         CALL ccopy( n*( n+1 ) / 2, ap, 1, afp, 1 )
         CALL cpptrf( uplo, n, afp, info )
*
*        Return if INFO is non-zero.
*
         IF( info.GT.0 )THEN
            rcond = zero
            RETURN
         END IF
      END IF
*
*     Compute the norm of the matrix A.
*
      anorm = clanhp( 'I', uplo, n, ap, rwork )
*
*     Compute the reciprocal of the condition number of A.
*
      CALL cppcon( uplo, n, afp, anorm, rcond, work, rwork, info )
*
*     Compute the solution matrix X.
*
      CALL clacpy( 'Full', n, nrhs, b, ldb, x, ldx )
      CALL cpptrs( uplo, n, nrhs, afp, x, ldx, info )
*
*     Use iterative refinement to improve the computed solution and
*     compute error bounds and backward error estimates for it.
*
      CALL cpprfs( uplo, n, nrhs, ap, afp, b, ldb, x, ldx, ferr, berr,
     $             work, rwork, info )
*
*     Transform the solution matrix X to a solution of the original
*     system.
*
      IF( rcequ ) THEN
         DO 50 j = 1, nrhs
            DO 40 i = 1, n
               x( i, j ) = s( i )*x( i, j )
   40       CONTINUE
   50    CONTINUE
         DO 60 j = 1, nrhs
            ferr( j ) = ferr( j ) / scond
   60    CONTINUE
      END IF
*
*     Set INFO = N+1 if the matrix is singular to working precision.
*
      IF( rcond.LT.slamch( 'Epsilon' ) )
     $   info = n + 1
*
      RETURN
*
*     End of CPPSVX
*
      END