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Overview of Recent
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The Silicon Graphics Origin series.
As already stated in the introduction the list of systems is not
complete. On one hand this is caused by the sheer number of systems
that are presented to the market and are often very similar to systems
described above (for instance, the Volvox system not listed is very
similar but not equivalent to the listed C-DAC system and there are
numerous other examples). On the other hand there many systems that are
still in operation around the world, often in considerable quantities
that for other reasons are excluded. The most important reasons are:
- The system is not marketed anymore. This is generally for one of two
reasons:
- The manufacturer is out of business.
- The manufacturer has replaced the system by a newer model of the same
type or even of a different type.
- The system has become
technologically obsolete in comparison to others of the same type. Therefore,
listing them is not sensible anymore.
Below we present a table of systems that fall into one of the categories
mentioned above. We think this may have some sense to those who come across
machines that are still around but are not the latest in their fields. It may
be interesting at least to have an indication how such systems compare to the
newest ones and to place them in context.
It is good to realise that although systems have disappeared
from the section above they still may exist and are actually sold. However,
their removal stems in such cases mainly from the fact that they are not
serious candidates for high-performance computing anymore.
The table is, again, not complete and admittedly somewhat arbitrary.
The data are in a highly condensed form: the system name, system type,
theoretical maximum performance of a fully configured system, and the
reason for their disappearance is given. The arbitrariness lies partly
in the decision which systems are still sufficiently of interest to
include and which are not.
Machine: The Alex AVX 2.
Type: RISC-based distributed-memory multi-processor.
Theoretical Peak performance: 3.84 Gflop/s.
Reason for disappearance: System is obsolete, there is no
new system planned.
Machine: Alliant FX/2800.
Type: Shared memory vector-parallel, max. 28 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 1120 Mflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Manufacturer out of business.
Machine: BBN TC2000.
Type: Virtual shared memory parallel, max. 512 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 1 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Manufacturer has discontinued marketing
parallel computer systems.
Machine: Cambridge Parallel Processing DAP Gamma.
Type: Distributed memory processor array system.
Theoretical Peak performance: 1.6 Gflop/s (32-bit)
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
Gamma II series.
Machine: Convex C3200, C3400, C3800.
Type: Shared memory vector-parallel, max. 8 processors (C3880).
Theoretical Peak performance: 960 Mflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
C4600 series.
Machine: Convex Meta Series.
Type: Distributed memory network of workstations.
Theoretical Peak performance: 200 Mflop/s per processor
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
SPP-2000 series.
Machine: Convex SPP-1000/1200/1600.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system, max. 128 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 25.6 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
SPP-2000 series.
Machine: Cray Computer Corporation Cray-2.
Type: Shared memory vector-parallel, max. 4 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 1.95 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Manufacturer out of business.
Machine: Cray Computer Corporation Cray-3.
Type: Shared memory vector-parallel, max. 16 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 16 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Manufacturer out of business.
Machine: Cray Research Inc. APP.
Type: Shared memory RISC based system, max. 84 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 6.7 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Product line discontinued, gap expected to
be filled by
Cray J90.
Machine: Cray T3D.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system, max. 2048 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 307 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
Cray T3E.
Machine: Cray Research Inc. Cray Y-MP, Cray Y-MP M90.
Type: Shared memory vector-parallel, max. 8 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 2.6 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
T90.
Machine: Cray Y-MP C90.
Type: Shared memory vector-parallel, max. 16 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 16 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
T90.
Machine: Digital Equipment Corp. Alpha farm.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system, max. 4 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 0.8 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
AlphaServer clusters.
Machine: Fujitsu VPP500 series.
Type: Distributed memory multi-processor vectorprocessors, max.
222 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 355 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by the
VPP300/700 series.
Machine: Fujitsu VPX200 series.
Type: Single-processor vectorprocessors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 5 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by the
VPP300/700 series.
Machine: Hitachi SR2001 series.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system, max. 128 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 23 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Replaced by the newer
SR2201.
Machine: IBM ES/9000 series.
Type: Shared memory vector-parallel system, max. 6 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 2.67 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: IBM does not pursue high-performance computing
by this product line anymore.
Machine: IBM Power/4.
Type: Shared memory RISC based system, max. 4 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 336 Mflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Product line discontinued, gap expected to
be filled by
SP2.
Machine: IBM SP1 series.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system, max. 64 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 8 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Replaced by the newer
SP2.
Machine: Intel iPSC/860.
Type: Distributed memory parallel hypercube, max. 128 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 7.7 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer Intel
Paragon XP (MP) series.
Machine: Kendall Square Research KSR2.
Type: Virtually shared memory parallel, max. 1088 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 400 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Kendall Square has terminated its business.
Machine: Meiko CS-1 series.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system.
Theoretical Peak performance: 80 Mflop/s per processor
Reason for disappearance: Replaced by the newer
CS-2.
Machine: nCUBE 3.
Type: Distributed memory system, max. 10244 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 1 Tflop/s.
Reason for disappearance: Was announced several times but was
never finished. Development has been abandoned.
nCUBE 2S is the available product.
Machine: NEC SX-2.
Type: Single-processor vector processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 1.3 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
SX-4 series.
Machine: NEC SX-3R.
Type: Shared memory multi-processor vector processors, max. 4 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 1.3 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by newer
SX-4 series.
Machine: Parsys SN9000 series.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system, max. 2048.
Theoretical Peak performance: 51.2 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Replaced by the newer
TA9000.
Machine: Siemens-Nixdorf VP2600 series.
Type: Single-processor vectorprocessors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 5 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by the
VPP300/700 series.
Machine: Silicon Graphics PowerChallenge.
Type: Shared memory multi-processor, max. 36 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 14.4 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: replaced by the SGI
Origin 2000.
Machine: Stern Computing Systems SSP.
Type: Shared memory multi-processor, max. 6 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 2 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Vendor terminated its business just before
delivering first systems.
Machine: Thinking Machine Corporation CM-2(00).
Type: SIMD parallel machine with hypercube structure, max. 64K
processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 31 Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: was replaced by the newer CM-5 (but see
below).
Machine: Thinking Machine Corporation CM-5.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system, max. 16K processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 2 Tflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Thinking Machine Corporation has stopped
manufacturing hardware and hopes to keep alive as a software
vendor.
Machine: Transtech Paramid series.
Type: Distributed memory RISC based system, max. 64 processors.
Theoretical Peak performance: 6.4Gflop/s
Reason for disappearance: Transtech now mostly manufactures PC extension
boards with IBM MC603 processors as performance boosters.
Next:
Systems under development
Up:
Overview of Recent
Previous:
The Silicon Graphics Origin series.
Aad van der Steen
Wed Mar 5 11:37:33 MET 1997