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%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.431",
%%%     date            = "09 November 2024",
%%%     time            = "17:50:24 MST",
%%%     filename        = "virtual-machines.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "65403 79822 373300 3854357",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography; BibTeX; QEMU; virtual machines;
%%%                        VMware; Xen",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a bibliography of books and other
%%%                        publications about virtual machines.  However,
%%%                        it specifically excludes publications about
%%%                        the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM), which
%%%                        is covered in a separate bibliography, pvm.bib.
%%%
%%%                        The ECMA and ISO Standard virtual machine,
%%%                        Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), is
%%%                        available on Microsoft .NET Framework on
%%%                        Microsoft Windows, GNU DotGNU's ilrun, and
%%%                        the Mono Project's mono.  These environments
%%%                        may offer compilers for C#, Visual Basic, C,
%%%                        C++, and possibly other languages.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.431, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1965 (   2)    1986 (  14)    2007 (  55)
%%%                             1966 (   2)    1987 (  12)    2008 (  72)
%%%                             1967 (   1)    1988 (  11)    2009 (  54)
%%%                             1968 (   4)    1989 (  17)    2010 (  60)
%%%                             1969 (   4)    1990 (  21)    2011 (  54)
%%%                             1970 (   3)    1991 (  33)    2012 (  97)
%%%                             1971 (   5)    1992 (  23)    2013 ( 116)
%%%                             1972 (   9)    1993 (  28)    2014 ( 113)
%%%                             1973 (  26)    1994 (  23)    2015 ( 120)
%%%                             1974 (   6)    1995 (   5)    2016 ( 140)
%%%                             1975 (  16)    1996 (  14)    2017 ( 168)
%%%                             1976 (  11)    1997 (  28)    2018 ( 157)
%%%                             1977 (   7)    1998 (  24)    2019 ( 126)
%%%                             1978 (   9)    1999 (  28)    2020 (  89)
%%%                             1979 (  12)    2000 (  31)    2021 (  64)
%%%                             1980 (   8)    2001 (  53)    2022 (  62)
%%%                             1981 (   4)    2002 (  36)    2023 (  68)
%%%                             1982 (   6)    2003 (  35)    2024 (  65)
%%%                             1983 (  12)    2004 (  24)    2025 (   1)
%%%                             1984 (  10)    2005 (  66)
%%%                             1985 (  10)    2006 ( 122)
%%%                             19xx (   4)
%%%
%%%                             Article:       1976
%%%                             Book:           164
%%%                             InCollection:     6
%%%                             InProceedings:  148
%%%                             Manual:          19
%%%                             MastersThesis:   17
%%%                             Misc:            10
%%%                             PhdThesis:       11
%%%                             Proceedings:     85
%%%                             TechReport:      64
%%%
%%%                             Total entries: 2500
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================
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%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:
@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Institution abbreviations:
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@String{inst-SRC-IDA:adr        = "Lanham, MD, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
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@String{j-ADA-USER-J            = "Ada User Journal"}

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@String{j-BYTE                  = "Byte Magazine"}

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@String{j-CCCUJ                 = "C/C++ Users Journal"}

@String{j-CCPE                  = "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
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@String{j-CGF                   = "Com{\-}pu{\-}ter Graphics Forum"}

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@String{pub-CARL-HANSER:adr     = "M{\"{u}}nchen, Germany"}

@String{pub-CRC                 = "CRC Press"}
@String{pub-CRC:adr             = "2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, FL
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@String{pub-ECMA                = "ECMA (European Association for
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@String{pub-ECMA:adr            = "Geneva, Switzerland"}

@String{pub-GOTOP-INFORMATION   = "GOTOP Information Inc."}
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@String{pub-IBM                 = "IBM Corporation"}
@String{pub-IBM:adr             = "San Jose, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-IEEE                = "IEEE Computer Society Press"}
@String{pub-IEEE:adr            = "1109 Spring Street, Suite 300,
                                  Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}

@String{pub-IOS                 = "IOS Press"}
@String{pub-IOS:adr             = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-ISO                 = "International Organization for
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@String{pub-ISO:adr             = "Geneva, Switzerland"}

@String{pub-KLUWER              = "Kluwer Academic Publishers Group"}
@String{pub-KLUWER:adr          = "Norwell, MA, USA, and Dordrecht,
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@String{pub-MANNING             = "Manning Publications"}
@String{pub-MANNING:adr         = "Greenwich, CT, USA"}

@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL         = "Mc{\-}Graw-Hill"}
@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-MICROSOFT           = "Microsoft Press"}
@String{pub-MICROSOFT:adr       = "Bellevue, WA, USA"}

@String{pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN     = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers"}
@String{pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN:adr = "Los Altos, CA 94022, USA"}
@String{pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN:adrsf = "San Francisco, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-NO-STARCH           = "No Starch Press"}
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@String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr   = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

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@String{pub-SV:adr              = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg, Germany~/
                                  London, UK~/ etc."}

@String{pub-SYBEX               = "Sybex"}
@String{pub-SYBEX:adr           = "2021 Challenger Driver, Suite 100,
                                  Alameda, CA 94501, USA"}

@String{pub-SYNGRESS            = "Syngress Publishing, Inc."}
@String{pub-SYNGRESS:adr        = "Rockland, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-USENIX              = "USENIX"}
@String{pub-USENIX:adr          = "San Francisco, CA, USA"}
@String{pub-USENIX-EL-CERRITO:adr = "P.O. Box 7, El Cerrito 94530, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-WILEY               = "Wiley"}
@String{pub-WILEY:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Series abbreviations:
@String{ser-LNCS                = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries, sorted by ascending year and then by citation
%%% label, with `bibsort -byyear':
@TechReport{Comeau:1965:PLS,
  author =       "Leslie W. Comeau",
  title =        "The Philosophy and Logical Structure of the Control
                 Program",
  type =         "Memorandum",
  number =       "2",
  institution =  "IBM Cambridge SR\&D Center Research Time-Sharing
                 Computer",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  day =          "15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:24:22 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See earlier companion \cite{Creasy:1965:GDR}.",
}

@TechReport{Creasy:1965:GDR,
  author =       "Robert J. Creasy",
  title =        "General Description of the Research Time-Sharing
                 System with Special Emphasis on the Control Program",
  type =         "Memorandum",
  number =       "1",
  institution =  "IBM Cambridge SR\&D Center Research Time-Sharing
                 Computer",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  day =          "29",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:24:22 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "This appears to be the earliest work on virtual
                 machines that is cited in the IBM VM history
                 \cite{Varian:1991:VVC}. That history reports on page
                 28: ``Creasy and Comeau spent the last week of 1964
                 [36] joyfully brainstorming the design of CP-40, a new
                 kind of operating system, a system that would provide
                 not only virtual memory, but also virtual machines.
                 [37] They had seen that the cleanest way to protect
                 users from one another (and to preserve compatibility
                 as the new System/360 design evolved) was to use the
                 System/360 Principles of Operations manual to describe
                 the user's interface to the Control Program. Each user
                 would have a complete System/360 virtual machine (at
                 first called a `pseudo-machine').'' Footnote 28 on page
                 28 says: ``For the first few weeks, the CSC people
                 referred to their concept as a `pseudo-machine', but
                 soon adopted the term `virtual machine' after hearing
                 Dave Sayre at IBM Research use it to describe a system
                 he had built for a modified 7044.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See later companion \cite{Comeau:1965:PLS}. I cannot
                 find online copies of either of these reports.",
}

@TechReport{Adair:1966:VMS,
  author =       "R. J. Adair and R. U. Bayles and L. W. Comeau and R.
                 J. Creasy",
  title =        "A Virtual Machine System for the 360\slash 40",
  number =       "320-2007",
  institution =  "International Business Machines (IBM), Data Processing
                 Division",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 7 15:04:11 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "ABEND module of OS at SSC",
  keywords =     "IBM 360/40",
  remark =       "[Written on 10-Apr-2006]: This is the earliest mention
                 of virtual machines that I have found so far. From the
                 early 1970s to date, IBM has made extensive use of
                 virtualization in many of their mainframe systems. [See
                 even earlier work
                 \cite{Creasy:1965:GDR,Comeau:1965:PLS}.]",
}

@TechReport{Sayre:1966:VS,
  author =       "D. Sayre",
  title =        "On Virtual Systems",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "IBM Corporation T. J. Watson Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Yorktown Heights, NY, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  day =          "15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:54:28 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sayre:1967:ACV,
  author =       "D. Sayre",
  title =        "Adding Computers Virtually",
  journal =      "IBM Corporation Computer Report",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12--15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:55:37 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Auroux:1968:CMV,
  author =       "A. Auroux and C. Han",
  title =        "Le Concept de Machines Virtuelles. ({French}) [{The}
                 Concept of Virtual Machines]",
  journal =      "Revue Fran{\c{c}}aise d'Informatique et de Recherche
                 Op{\'e}rationelle, 2e ann{\'e}",
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "45--51",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:52:14 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Field:1968:MAS,
  author =       "M. S. Field",
  title =        "Multi-Access Systems: The Virtual Machine Approach",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "320-2033",
  institution =  "IBM Cambridge Scientific Center",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 11:52:42 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Keefe:1968:HCP,
  author =       "D. D. Keefe",
  title =        "Hierarchical control programs for systems evaluation",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "123--133",
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmsysj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Thompson:1968:PTR,
  author =       "Ken Thompson",
  title =        "Programming Techniques: {Regular} expression search
                 algorithm",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "419--422",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/363347.363387",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:20 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm11.html#Thompson68;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/plan9.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/string-matching.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Kernighan:1999:REL,Cox:2007:REM,Cox:2009:REM,Cox:2010:REM,Cox:2012:REM}",
  URL =          "http://patft.uspto.gov/",
  abstract =     "A method for locating specific character strings
                 embedded in character text is described and an
                 implementation of this method in the form of a compiler
                 is discussed. The compiler accepts a regular expression
                 as source language and produces an IBM 7094 program as
                 object language. The object program then accepts the
                 text to be searched as input and produces a signal
                 every time an embedded string in the text matches the
                 given regular expression. Examples, problems, and
                 solutions are also presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  keywords =     "match; regular expression; search",
  oldlabel =     "Thompson68",
  remark =       "The on-the-fly compilation of regular expressions to
                 IBM 7094 machine code is part of US Patent \#3568156,
                 awarded 9 August 1967 to Kenneth L. Thompson. This may
                 be the first instance of the use of regular-expression
                 pattern matching in text-editor software.",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Thompson68",
}

@InProceedings{Fuchi:1969:PSP,
  author =       "K. Fuchi and H. Tanaka and Y. Namago and T. Yuba",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{2nd Symposium on Operating Systems Principles,
                 Princeton, NJ, October 1969}",
  title =        "A Program Simulator by Partial Interpretation",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "97--104.",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:10:16 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Goldberg:1969:VMS,
  author =       "R. P. Goldberg",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Systems",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MS-2687 (also 28L-0036)",
  institution =  "MIT Lincoln Laboratory",
  address =      "Lexington, MA, USA",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:14:30 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Madnick:1969:TSS,
  author =       "S. E. Madnick",
  title =        "Time-Sharing Systems: Virtual Machine Concept vs.
                 Conventional Approach",
  journal =      "Modern Data",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "34--36",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:35:40 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Murphy:1969:TSU,
  author =       "Daniel Murphy",
  title =        "The {Ten-Sys} User Virtual Machine",
  type =         "TEN-SYS Memorandum",
  number =       "8",
  institution =  "Digital Equipment Corporation",
  address =      "Marlboro, MA, USA",
  pages =        "6",
  day =          "30",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 03 14:23:09 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://walden-family.com/bbn/10-SYS/TEN-SYS-8.pdf",
  abstract =     "A user program running under Ten-Sys operates on a
                 virtual machine which looks something like a PDP-10
                 arithmetic processor with 256k of attached memory. The
                 virtual APR does not make available to the user program
                 the direct I/O instructions (CONO, DATAI, etc.) but has
                 a large class of instructions (JSYS's and SYSPOP's)
                 which provide access to monitor routines performing
                 user-oriented I/O and other operations. The Ten-Sys
                 monitor and paging hardware create an illusion of
                 memory (called the virtual memory) which can be treated
                 as ordinary core, However, to make most effective use
                 of the memory features of the Ten-Sys monitor. the user
                 will need to understand the general nature of memory
                 and files.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bairstow:1970:MOV,
  author =       "J. N. Bairstow",
  title =        "Many From One: The Virtual Machine Arrives",
  journal =      "Computer Decisions",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "29--31",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:55:40 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brawn:1970:SPE,
  author =       "B. S. Brawn and F. G. Gustavson and E. S. Mankin",
  title =        "Sorting in a Paging Environment",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "483--494",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This sorting study was part of an extensive
                 measurement project undertaken on the M44\slash 44X, an
                 experimental paging system which was conceived and
                 implemented at IBM Research in order to explore the
                 virtual machine concept. The study was concerned with
                 the implementation of sorting procedures in the context
                 of the dynamic paging environment characteristic of
                 virtual memory machines. Descriptions of the
                 experimental sort programs and analysis of the
                 performance measurement results obtained for them are
                 presented. The insight gained from the experimental
                 effort is used to arrive at a set of broad guidelines
                 for writing sort programs for a paging environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Center, Yorktown Heights,
                 NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "CACMA; computer, memories; computers; computers,
                 programming; dynamic memory management; External sort
                 virtual memory CACM; operating systems; sorting;
                 virtual machines",
}

@Article{Meyer:1970:VMT,
  author =       "Richard A. Meyer and Love H. Seawright",
  title =        "A Virtual Machine Time-Sharing System",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "199--218",
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 13:28:16 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ibmsj/ibmsj9.html#MeyerS70;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The ControlProgram-67\slash Cambridge Monitor System
                 (CP-67\slash CMS) is a multiaccess system that manages
                 the resources of a computer set up for time-sharing
                 such that each (remote) user appears to have a
                 complete, dedicated computer at his disposal. This
                 concept is known as a virtual machine and allows each
                 user to select the operating system he wishes to run
                 because concurrent operation of several operating
                 systems is possible. The history and design objectives
                 of the system are discussed as well as its present
                 capabilities and some of the applications for its
                 use.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  oldlabel =     "MeyerS70",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/ibmsj/MeyerS70",
}

@Manual{Forum:1971:VMI,
  author =       "IBM (Forum)",
  title =        "On Virtual Machine Integrity",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 21:54:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Goldberg:1971:HRV,
  author =       "R. P. Goldberg",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "HICSS-4, Hawaii International Conference on System
                 Sciences, Honolulu, January 1971",
  title =        "Hardware Requirements for Virtual Machine Systems",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:18:30 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Goldberg:1971:VMS,
  author =       "R. P. Goldberg",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings IEEE Computer Society Conference, Boston,
                 MA, September 1971}",
  title =        "Virtual Machines: Semantics and Examples",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "141--142",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:17:16 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Parmelee:1971:VMS,
  author =       "R. P. Parmelee",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings IEEE Computer Society Conference, Boston,
                 MA, September 1971}",
  title =        "Virtual Machines --- Some Unexpected Applications",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:42:33 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Winett:1971:VMD,
  author =       "J. M. Winett",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings IEEE Computer Society Conference, Boston,
                 MA, September 1971}",
  title =        "Virtual Machines for Developing Systems Software",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:59:42 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ancilotti:1972:VIO,
  author =       "R. Ancilotti and R. Cavina and N. Lijtmaer",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{ACM AICA International Computer Symposium
                 Proceedings, Venice, Italy, April 12--14, 1972}",
  title =        "Virtual Input-Output in a Virtual Environment",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "302--312",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:47:31 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Gagliardi:1972:VA,
  author =       "U. O. Gagliardi and R. P. Goldberg",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of 1972 ACMAICA International Comp.
                 Symposium, Venice, Italy, April 1972}",
  title =        "Virtualizable Architectures",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "527--538",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:11:47 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{IBM:1972:IVM,
  author =       "{IBM}",
  title =        "{IBM Virtual Machine Facility\slash 370} Planning
                 Guide",
  organization = pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:29:39 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Publication No. GC20-1801-0.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mallach:1972:ES,
  author =       "E. G. Mallach",
  title =        "Emulation --- a Survey",
  journal =      j-HONEYWELL-COMP-J,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "HNCJA3",
  ISSN =         "0046-7847",
  ISSN-L =       "0046-7847",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:37:38 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Honeywell Comp. J.",
  fjournal =     "Honeywell Computer Journal",
}

@Article{McGrath:1972:VMC,
  author =       "Mark McGrath",
  title =        "Virtual machine computing in an engineering
                 environment",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "131--149",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 13:28:02 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ibmsj/ibmsj11.html#McGrath72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  oldlabel =     "McGrath72",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/ibmsj/McGrath72",
}

@Article{Morris:1972:SMO,
  author =       "D. Morris and G. D. Detlefsen and G. R. Frank and T.
                 J. Sweeney",
  title =        "The structure of the {MU5} operating system",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "113--116",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:52:02 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/150113.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/113.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/114.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/115.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/116.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Manchester, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "1905E; ICL; modular structure; MU5; multicomputer
                 complex; operating system; operating systems
                 (computers); structure; virtual machine",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Parmelee:1972:PVM,
  author =       "R. P. Parmelee",
  title =        "Preferred Virtual Machines for {CP-67}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "G320-2068",
  institution =  "IBM Corporation, Cambridge Scientific Center",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:50:12 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check uncertain year: 1972--1975??",
}

@Article{Parmelee:1972:VSV,
  author =       "Richard P. Parmelee and Theodore I. Peterson and Coyt
                 C. {Tillman, Jr.} and Donald J. Hatfield",
  title =        "Virtual Storage and Virtual Machine Concepts",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "99--130",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 13:29:15 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ibmsj/ibmsj11.html#ParmeleePTH72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dlnext.acm.org/doi/10.1147/sj.112.0099",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  oldlabel =     "ParmeleePTH72",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/ibmsj/ParmeleePTH72",
}

@Article{Stoy:1972:OEOa,
  author =       "J. E. Stoy and C. Strachey",
  title =        "{OS6} --- an experimental operating system for a small
                 computer. {Part} 1: general principles and structure",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "117--124",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:52:02 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/150117.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/117.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/118.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/119.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/120.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/121.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/122.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/123.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/124.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  corpsource =   "Oxford Univ. Computing Lab., UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "BCPL; control structure; hierarchical; minicomputers;
                 operating system; operating systems (computers);
                 principles; small computer; structure; virtual
                 machine",
  treatment =    "G General Review; X Experimental",
}

@InProceedings{Attansio:1973:VMD,
  author =       "C. R. Attansio",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "Virtual Machines and Data Security",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:50:44 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bard:1973:AMC,
  author =       "Y. Bard",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "An Analytic Model of {CP-67} --- {VM\slash 370}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:54:18 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bellino:1973:VMV,
  author =       "J. Bellino and C. Hans",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "Virtual Machine or Virtual Operating System",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:58:19 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Berthaud:1973:CVM,
  author =       "M. Berthaud and M. Jacolin and Ph. Potin and H.
                 Savary",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "Coupling Virtual Machines and System Construction",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:00:40 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Buzen:1973:EVM,
  author =       "J. P. Buzen and U. O. Gagliardi",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{AFIPS Conference Proceedings, 1973 NCC}",
  title =        "The Evolution of Virtual Machine Architecture",
  publisher =    "AFIPS Press",
  address =      "Montvale, NJ, USA",
  pages =        "290--299",
  year =         "1973",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499667",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:02:06 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1499586.1499667",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Buzen:1973:IVM,
  author =       "J. P. Buzen and U. O. Gagliardi",
  title =        "Introduction to Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-HONEYWELL-COMP-J,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "HNCJA3",
  ISSN =         "0046-7847",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:06:45 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Honeywell Comp. J.",
  fjournal =     "Honeywell Computer Journal",
}

@InProceedings{Buzen:1973:NVM,
  author =       "J. P. Buzen and P. P. Chen and R. P. Goldberg",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "A Note on Virtual Machines and Software Reliability",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:02:06 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Buzen:1973:VMT,
  author =       "J. P. Buzen and P. P. Chen and R. P. Goldberg",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings IEEE Symposium on Computer Software
                 Reliability, New York, 1973}",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Techniques for Improving Software
                 Reliability",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:02:06 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Galley:1973:PVM,
  author =       "S. W. Galley",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973",
  title =        "{PDP-10} Virtual Machines",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:13:03 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Goldberg:1973:APV,
  author =       "Robert Philip Goldberg",
  title =        "Architectural Principles for Virtual Computer
                 Systems",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} Thesis",
  school =       "Division of Engineering and Applied Physics Harvard
                 University",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  year =         "1973",
  ISBN-13 =      "979-86-431-0520-6",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:19:38 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/302694242",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Goldberg:1973:AVM,
  author =       "R. P. Goldberg",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {ACM} Workshop on Virtual Computer
                 Systems",
  title =        "Architecture of virtual machines",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "74--112",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 9 10:12:31 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=803950&dl=ACM&coll=portal#",
  abstract =     "In this paper we develop a model which represents the
                 addressing of resources by processes executing on a
                 virtual machine. The model distinguishes two maps: the
                 $ \phi $-map which represents the map visible to the
                 operating system software running on the virtual
                 machine, and the $f$-map which is invisible to that
                 software but which is manipulated by the virtual
                 machine monitor running on the real machine. The $ \phi
                 $-map maps process names into resource names and the
                 $f$-map maps virtual resource names into real resource
                 names. Thus, a process running on a virtual machine
                 addresses its resources under the composed map $ f o
                 \phi $. In recursive operation, $f$ maps from one
                 virtual machine level to another and we have $ f o f o
                 \ldots {} o f o \phi $. The model is used to describe
                 and characterize previous virtual machine designs. We
                 also introduce and illustrate a general approach for
                 implementing virtual machines which follows directly
                 from the model. This design, the Hardware Virtualizer,
                 handles all process exceptions directly within the
                 executing virtual machine without software
                 intervention. All resource faults (VM-faults) generated
                 by a virtual machine are directed to the appropriate
                 virtual machine monitor without the knowledge of
                 processes on the virtual machine (regardless of the
                 level of recursion).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  added-at =     "Wed Apr 9 10:12:31 2003",
  added-by =     "msteiner",
  annote =       "See also \cite{Goldbe72}",
}

@Article{Goldberg:1973:VMA,
  author =       "R. P. Goldberg",
  title =        "Virtual Machines Architecture",
  journal =      j-HONEYWELL-COMP-J,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "HNCJA3",
  ISSN =         "0046-7847",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:24:49 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Honeywell Comp. J.",
  fjournal =     "Honeywell Computer Journal",
}

@PhdThesis{Hans:1973:CAM,
  author =       "C. Hans",
  title =        "Contribution a l'Architecture de M{\'e}canismes
                 El{\'e}mentaires Pour Certains Syst{\`e}mes
                 G{\'e}n{\'e}rateurs de Machines Virtuelles. ({French})
                 [{Contribution} to the Architecture of Elementary
                 Mechanisms for Certain Virtual Machine Generator
                 Systems]",
  type =         "Th{\`e}se",
  school =       "L'Universit{\'e} Scientifique et Medicale de
                 Grenoble",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  day =          "24",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:25:56 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Misc{Horton:1973:VMA,
  author =       "F. R. Horton",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Assist: Performance",
  howpublished = "Guide 37, Boston, MA",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:28:23 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{IBM:1973:IVM,
  author =       "{IBM}",
  title =        "{IBM Virtual Machine Facility\slash 370}: Release 2
                 Planning Guide",
  organization = pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:29:39 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Publication No. GC20-1814-0.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lauer:1973:RVM,
  author =       "H. C. Lauer and D. Wyeth",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "A Recursive Virtual Machine Architecture",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:33:40 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Madnick:1973:AAV,
  author =       "Stuart E. Madnick and John J. Donovan",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {ACM} Workshop on Virtual Computer
                 Systems",
  title =        "Application and analysis of the virtual machine
                 approach to information system security and isolation",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "210--224",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 9 10:08:32 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=803961&coll=portal&dl=ACM",
  abstract =     "Security is an important factor if the programs of
                 independent and possibly malicious users are to coexist
                 on the same computer system. In this paper we show that
                 a combined virtual machine monitor/operating system
                 (VMM/OS) approach to information system isolation
                 provides substantially better software security than a
                 conventional multiprogramming operating system
                 approach. This added protection is derived from
                 redundant security using independent mechanisms that
                 are inherent in the design of most VMM/OS systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  added-at =     "Wed Apr 9 10:08:32 2003",
  added-by =     "msteiner",
}

@InProceedings{Mallach:1973:RBE,
  author =       "E. G. Mallach",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGOPS-SIGARCH Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "On the Relationship between Emulators and Virtual
                 Machines",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:39:11 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{March:1973:DIV,
  author =       "J. H. March",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "The Design and Implementation of a Virtual Machine
                 Operating System Using a Virtual Access Method",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:40:16 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Parnas:1973:DVM,
  author =       "D. L. Parnas and W. R. Price",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "he Design of the Virtual Memory Aspects of a Virtual
                 Machine",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:52:59 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Popek:1973:FRV,
  author =       "Gerald J. Popek and Robert P. Goldberg",
  title =        "Formal requirements for virtualizable third generation
                 architectures",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "121--121",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/957195.808061",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 23 08:03:02 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine systems have been implemented on a
                 limited number of third generation computer systems,
                 for example CP-67 on the IBM 360/67. The value of
                 virtual machine techniques to ease the development of
                 operating systems, to aid in program transferability,
                 and to allow the concurrent running of disparate
                 operating systems, test and diagnostic programs has
                 been well recognized. However, from previous empirical
                 studies, it is known that many third generation
                 computer systems, e.g. the DEC PDP-10, cannot support a
                 virtual machine system. In this paper, the hardware
                 architectural requirements for virtual machine systems
                 are discussed. First, a fairly specific definition of a
                 virtual machine is presented which includes the aspects
                 of efficiency, isolation, and identical behavior. A
                 model of third generation-like computer systems is then
                 developed. The model includes a processor with
                 supervisor and user modes, memory that has a simple
                 protection mechanism, and a trap facility. In this
                 context, instruction behavior is then carefully
                 characterized.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@InProceedings{Schwenk:1973:VM,
  author =       "H. Schwenk",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "Virtual Micromachines",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:57:04 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sitton:1973:PEL,
  author =       "Gary A. Sitton and Thomas A. Kendrick and A. Gil
                 Carrick",
  title =        "The {PL\slash EXUS} language and virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "124--130",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:35 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@InProceedings{Srodawa:1973:EVM,
  author =       "R. J. Srodawa and L. A. Bates",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings AFIPS National Computer Conference
                 1973}",
  title =        "An Efficient Virtual Machine Implementation",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:58:18 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Thomas:1973:COA,
  author =       "Richard T. Thomas",
  title =        "Computer organization for allowing dynamic user
                 microprogramming",
  journal =      j-SIGMICRO,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "28--42",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "SIGMDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1217124.1217129",
  ISSN =         "0163-5751, 1050-916X",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5751",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 16 10:27:15 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1217124.1217129",
  abstract =     "The concept of allowing the computer user to modify
                 the virtual machine being emulated by a microprogram
                 controlled computer is not new. Schemes for
                 implementing this typically include the definition of a
                 standard virtual machine (the base machine. \ldots{})",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmicro",
}

@InProceedings{Young:1973:EAH,
  author =       "C. J. Young",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings ACM SIGARCH-SIGOPS Workshop on Virtual
                 Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1973}",
  title =        "Extended Architecture and Hypervisor Performance",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 15:01:30 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Buzen:1974:VMT,
  author =       "J. P. Buzen and R. P. Goldberg",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Computer Peripherals --- Benefactor or Bottleneck?
                 Digest of Papers COMPCON 74, San Francisco, February
                 1974}",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Techniques for Introducing Peripherals
                 into Computer Systems",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "157--160",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 14:08:23 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goldberg:1974:SVM,
  author =       "Robert P. Goldberg",
  title =        "Survey of virtual machine research",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "34--45",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.1974.6323581",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 7 12:07:21 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
  remark =       "Includes a 72-item bibliography about earlier work on
                 virtual machines.",
}

@Article{Lesser:1974:DEP,
  author =       "Victor R. Lesser",
  title =        "The design of an emulator for a parallel machine
                 language",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "23--36",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:40 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5220 (Computer architecture); C6140B
                 (Machine-oriented languages); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  conflocation = "Harriman, NY, USA; 30 May-1 June 1973",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN-SIGMICRO interface
                 meeting on programming languages-Microprogramming",
  corpsource =   "Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "coded; complex emulator; control structure; coupled;
                 dynamic execution characteristics; dynamically;
                 emulator; machine oriented languages; microcomputer
                 architecture; microprocesses; microprogramming;
                 paradigm; parallel hardware environment; parallel
                 machine language; parallel processing; structured;
                 virtual machines; virtual machines processing",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Madnick:1974:AAV,
  author =       "Stuart E. Madnick and John J. Donovan",
  title =        "Application and analysis of the virtual machine
                 approach to information system security and
                 reliability",
  number =       "722--74(2)",
  institution =  "MIT Center for Information Systems Research",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "25",
  year =         "1974",
  LCCN =         "HD28 .M414 no.722, 74; HD28.M414",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:19 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  series =       "Sloan School of Management. Working paper;
                 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Alfred P. Sloan
                 School of Management. Center for Information Systems
                 Research. Report",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{McCullough:1974:VMF,
  author =       "Barbara McCullough",
  title =        "{Virtual Machine Facility\slash 370} Features
                 Supplement",
  organization = "IBM Corporation",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "????",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 17:07:47 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Publication GC20-1757.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Varian \cite[p. 62]{Varian:1991:VVC} says of this
                 manual: ``[it] was, in my view, the best manual IBM
                 ever published.'' I have not yet been able to find this
                 document online.",
}

@Article{Popek:1974:FRV,
  author =       "Gerald J. Popek and Robert P. Goldberg",
  title =        "Formal Requirements for Virtualizable Third Generation
                 Architectures",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "412--421",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800009.808061",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68A05",
  MRnumber =     "49 10177",
  MRreviewer =   "I. Kaufmann",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:13:00 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm17.html#PopekG74;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine systems have been implemented on a
                 limited number of third generation computer systems,
                 for example CP-67 on the IBM 360/67. The value of
                 virtual machine techniques to ease the development of
                 operating systems, to aid in program transferability,
                 and to allow the concurrent running of disparate
                 operating systems, test and diagnostic programs has
                 been well recognized. However, from previous empirical
                 studies, it is known that many third generation
                 computer systems, e.g. the DEC PDP-10, cannot support a
                 virtual machine system. In this paper, the hardware
                 architectural requirements for virtual machine systems
                 are discussed. First, a fairly specific definition of a
                 virtual machine is presented which includes the aspects
                 of efficiency, isolation, and identical behavior. A
                 model of third generation-like computer systems is then
                 developed. The model includes a processor with
                 supervisor and user modes, memory that has a simple
                 protection mechanism, and a trap facility. In this
                 context, instruction behavior is then carefully
                 characterized.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5220 (Computer architecture); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  classification = "722",
  corpsource =   "Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "abstract model; architectures; computer architecture;
                 computer operating systems; formal requirements;
                 generation architecture; hypervisor; operating system;
                 sufficient conditions; systems; third; third generation
                 computer; virtual machine; virtual machine monitor;
                 virtual machines; virtual memory; virtualizable third
                 generation",
  oldlabel =     "PopekG74",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/PopekG74",
}

@InCollection{Anonymous:1975:VM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "{KB11-C Processor Manual (PDP-11/70)}",
  title =        "Virtual Machines",
  publisher =    "Digital Equipment Corporation",
  address =      "Maynard, MA, USA",
  pages =        "I.2.4--I.2.10 (24--30)",
  year =         "1975",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 06 06:41:05 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp11/1170/EK-KB11C-TM-001_1170procMan.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bagley:1975:SDS,
  author =       "John D. Bagley and E. R. Floto and S. C. Hsieh and V.
                 Watson",
  title =        "Sharing Data and Services in a Virtual Machine
                 System",
  crossref =     "ACM:1975:PFS",
  pages =        "82--88",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 15:11:04 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sosp/sosp75.html#BagleyFHW75;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  oldlabel =     "BagleyFHW75",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/sosp/BagleyFHW75",
}

@InProceedings{Belpaire:1975:FPR,
  author =       "Gerald Belpaire and Nai-Ting Nsu",
  title =        "Formal Properties of Recursive Virtual Machine
                 Architectures",
  crossref =     "ACM:1975:PFS",
  pages =        "89--96",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 15:11:08 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sosp/sosp75.html#BelpaireN75;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  oldlabel =     "BelpaireN75",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/sosp/BelpaireN75",
}

@Article{Callaway:1975:PMT,
  author =       "Peter H. Callaway",
  title =        "Performance Measurement Tools for {VM\slash 370}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "134--160",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 08 16:35:07 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To support the smooth running of a Virtual Machine
                 Facility\slash 370 (VM\slash 370) installation,
                 performance measurements of various types are
                 desirable. This paper describes a range of measurement
                 facilities that have been developed for VM\slash 370
                 for use both on-line and off-line at the level of the
                 users (general user, operator, and system analyst) and
                 the installation management.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems",
}

@Article{DeRemer:1975:PLV,
  author =       "Frank DeRemer and Hans Kron",
  title =        "Programming-in-the large versus
                 programming-in-the-small",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "114--121",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:49 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140
                 (Programming languages); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  conflocation = "Los Angeles, CA, USA; 21--23 April 1975",
  conftitle =    "International Conference on Reliable Software",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "compiler; fault tolerant computing; information
                 hiding; large programs; module interconnection
                 language; modules; programming; programming languages;
                 small programs; software reliability; virtual machines;
                 virtual machines languages",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE; ACM; et al",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Article{Donovan:1975:HAC,
  author =       "John J. Donovan and S. E. Madnick",
  title =        "Hierarchical Approach to Computer System Integrity",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "188--202",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 08 16:35:07 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See letters
                 \cite{Chandersekaran:1976:FVM,Donovan:1976:FAR}.",
  abstract =     "Security is an important factor if the programs of
                 independent and possibly error-prone or malicious users
                 are to coexist on the same computer system. In this
                 paper, it is shown that a hierarchically structured
                 operating system, such as produced by a virtual machine
                 system, that combines a virtual machine monitor with
                 several independent operating systems (VMM\slash OS),
                 provides substantially better software security than a
                 conventional two-level multiprogramming operating
                 system approach. This added protection is derived from
                 redundant security using independent mechanisms that
                 are inherent in the design of most VMM\slash OS
                 systems. Such a system can be obtained by exploiting
                 existing software resources.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems; computer systems
                 programming --- Time Sharing Programs",
}

@InProceedings{Gaines:1975:ACV,
  author =       "Brian R. Gaines",
  title =        "Analogy Categories, Virtual Machines, and Structured
                 Programming",
  crossref =     "Muhlbacher:1975:GIF",
  pages =        "691--699",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 23 23:24:01 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/gi/gi75.html#Gaines75;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  oldlabel =     "Gaines75",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/gi/Gaines75",
}

@Article{Infante:1975:PSP,
  author =       "R. Infante and U. Montanari",
  title =        "Proving structured programs correct, level by level",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "427--436",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:49 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  conflocation = "Los Angeles, CA, USA; 21--23 April 1975",
  conftitle =    "International Conference on Reliable Software",
  corpsource =   "Olivetti, Ivrea, Italy",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "assertions; fault tolerant computing; level axioms;
                 predicates; problem oriented data structures; problem
                 oriented predicates; programming; structured programs
                 correctness proof; theorem prover; virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE; ACM; et al",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Article{Kamnitzer:1975:BXI,
  author =       "Stephen H. Kamnitzer",
  title =        "Bootstrapping {XPL} from {IBM\slash 360} to {UNIVAC
                 1100}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "14--20",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Sperry Univac, Cape Town, South Africa",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "compiler; IBM/360 to UNIVAC 1100 bootstrapping;
                 program compilers; UNIVAC 1100 series computers;
                 virtual machines; XPL Compiler Generator System",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Lamming:1975:LVM,
  author =       "M. Lamming",
  title =        "{LITL} Virtual machine. Fixed or Variable Size
                 Blocks",
  number =       "QMW-DCS-1975-085; QMW-DCS-1975-091",
  institution =  "Queen Mary College, Department of Computer Science",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.dcs.qmw.ac.uk/publications/report_abstracts/1975/091;
                 http://www.dcs.qmw.ac.uk/publications/report_abstracts/1975/085",
  scope =        "misc",
  xxnote =       "Check: Two reports or one??",
}

@InProceedings{Popek:1975:PVM,
  author =       "Gerald J. Popek and Charles S. Kline",
  title =        "The {PDP-11} Virtual Machine Architecture: a Case
                 Study",
  crossref =     "ACM:1975:PFS",
  pages =        "97--105",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 15:12:53 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sosp/sosp75.html#PopekK75;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  oldlabel =     "PopekK75",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/sosp/PopekK75",
}

@Article{Popek:1975:VPS,
  author =       "Gerald J. Popek and Charles S. Kline",
  title =        "A verifiable protection system",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "294--304",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:49 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6150J
                 (Operating systems); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  conflocation = "Los Angeles, CA, USA; 21--23 April 1975",
  conftitle =    "International Conference on Reliable Software",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "capability faulting; fault tolerant computing; fault
                 tolerant computing faulting; flexible information
                 sharing facilities; levels of kernels; multiuser
                 operating system; operating systems (computers);
                 program verification; programming; security kernels;
                 security of data; systems analysis; UCLA Virtual
                 Machine System; ultra high reliability protection;
                 verifiable protection system; virtual machines; virtual
                 memory",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE; ACM; et al",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Article{Saltzer:1975:PIC,
  author =       "Jerome H. Saltzer and Michael D. Schroeder",
  title =        "The Protection of Information in Computer Systems",
  journal =      j-PROC-IEEE,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1278--1308",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "IEEPAD",
  ISSN =         "0018-9219 (print), 1558-2256 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9219",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.mediacity.com/~norm/CapTheory/ProtInf/",
  abstract =     "This tutorial paper explores the mechanics of
                 protecting computer-stored information from
                 unauthorized use or modification. It concentrates on
                 those architectural structures--whether hardware or
                 software--that are necessary to support information
                 protection. The paper develops in three main sections.
                 Section I describes desired functions, design
                 principles, and examples of elementary protection and
                 authentication mechanisms. Any reader familiar with
                 computers should find the first section to be
                 reasonably accessible. Section II requires some
                 familiarity with descriptor-based computer
                 architecture. It examines in depth the principles of
                 modern protection architectures and the relation
                 between capability systems and access control list
                 systems, and ends with a brief analysis of protected
                 subsystems and protected objects. The reader who is
                 dismayed by either the prerequisites or the level of
                 detail in the second section may wish to skip to
                 Section III, which reviews the state of the art and
                 current research projects and provides suggestions for
                 further reading.",
  added-by =     "rah,sti",
  annote =       "Part I: --- Basics --- Design Principles: economy of
                 mechanism, fail-safe defaults, complete mediation, open
                 design, separation of privilege, least privilege, least
                 common mechanism, psychological acceptability. ---
                 separate virtual machines with controlled communication
                 Part II: --- Separation of addressing and protection
                 --- capabilities --- access control lists",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5",
}

@Article{Williams:1975:CMI,
  author =       "M. H. Williams and H. L. Ossher",
  title =        "A computer model for instructional purposes",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "333--341",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/333.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/334.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/335.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/336.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/337.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/338.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/339.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/340.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_04/tiff/341.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C0220 (Computing education and training); C7810C
                 (Computer-aided instruction)",
  classification = "721; 723; 901",
  corpsource =   "Department of Computer Sci., Rhodes Univ., Rhodes,
                 Grahamstown, South Africa",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "computer aided instruction; computer model; computer
                 programming languages; computer science; computer
                 simulator; computers; engineering education;
                 instructional purposes; machine architecture; teaching;
                 virtual machines",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Article{Adix:1976:IER,
  author =       "Mary S. Adix and Henrik A. Schutz",
  title =        "Interpretive execution of real-time control
                 applications",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "78--87",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:54 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  conflocation = "New Orleans, LA, USA; 4--6 March 1976",
  conftitle =    "ACM SIGMIN/SIGPLAN Interface Meeting on Programming
                 Systems in the Small Processor Environment",
  corpsource =   "General Motors Res. Labs., Warren, MI, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "interpretive execution; problem oriented languages;
                 program interpreters; real time control application;
                 space compaction; virtual machine language; virtual
                 machines",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
  xxpages =      "78--86",
}

@Article{Bagley:1976:SFM,
  author =       "John D. Bagley",
  title =        "Special feature: microprogrammable virtual machines",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--42",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "User alterable microprograms make it possible to
                 tailor the architecture of the computer to the
                 application domain but raises the problem of
                 microprogram development and testing. The technique
                 outlined provides a tool which furnishes the
                 microprogrammer with a virtual machine which is
                 microprogrammable. The function provided is similar to
                 that provided by a simulator, but the technique is more
                 efficient and allows multiple microprograms to be
                 executed concurrently with regular programs on a single
                 real machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer simulation; computer
                 systems programming --- testing",
}

@Article{Chandersekaran:1976:FVM,
  author =       "C. S. Chandersekaran and K. S. Shankar",
  title =        "Forum: On virtual machine integrity",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "264--269",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Donovan:1975:HAC,Donovan:1976:FAR}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
}

@Article{Donovan:1976:FAR,
  author =       "J. J. Donovan and S. E. Madnick",
  title =        "Forum: Authors' reply",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "270--278",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmsysj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Donovan:1975:HAC,Chandersekaran:1976:FVM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
}

@TechReport{Donovan:1976:VMC,
  author =       "John J. Donovan and Henry D. Jacoby",
  title =        "Virtual machine communication for the implementation
                 of decision support systems",
  number =       "884--76(28)",
  institution =  "MIT Center for Information Systems Research",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "3 + 29",
  year =         "1976",
  LCCN =         "HD28 .M414 no.884-76; HD28.M414",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:19 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hamlet:1976:PBT,
  author =       "Richard Hamlet",
  title =        "The {PDP-11} as {B5500} in teaching systems
                 programming",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "47--52",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:56 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C0220 (Computing education and training); C6110
                 (Systems analysis and programming); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Computer Sci., Univ. of Maryland,
                 College Park, MD, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "B5500; computer aided instruction; PDP 11;
                 programming; SIMPL XI; systems programming; teaching;
                 virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Manual{IBM:1976:GIS,
  author =       "{IBM}",
  title =        "A Guide to the {IBM System\slash 370 Model 168} for
                 {System\slash 370 Model 165} Users",
  organization = pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  edition =      "Fourth",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 09 06:36:39 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Publication GC20-1755-3. See Section 40, Virtual
                 Machines, pages 86--95.",
  URL =          "http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/370/model168/GC20-1755-3_A_Guide_to_the_IBM_System_370_Model_168_for_Model_165_Users_Sep76.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{IBM:1976:IVM,
  author =       "{IBM}",
  title =        "{IBM Virtual Machine Facility\slash 370}:
                 Introduction",
  organization = "IBM Corporation",
  address =      "Poughkeepsie, NY, USA",
  edition =      "Seventh",
  pages =        "54",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 17:19:26 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Order Number GC20-1800-6",
  URL =          "http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/370/VM_370/Release_3/GC20-1800-6_VM370_Introduction_Rel_3_Oct76.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Suski:1976:AGC,
  author =       "Gregory J. Suski",
  title =        "Automatic generation of computer graphics languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "113--122",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:57 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5540 (Terminals and graphic displays); C6140D (High
                 level languages); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  conflocation = "Miami Beach, FL, USA; 26--27 April 1976",
  conftitle =    "Symposium on Graphic Languages",
  corpsource =   "Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "computer graphics; computer graphics languages;
                 language generation system; LGS; mechanical language
                 generation; programming languages; virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Taylor:1976:RRH,
  author =       "John McMay Taylor",
  title =        "Redundancy and recovery in the {HIVE} virtual
                 machine",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "76010",
  institution =  "Procurement executive, Ministry of Defence, Royal
                 Signals and Radar Establishment",
  address =      "London, UK",
  year =         "1976",
  LCCN =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:15 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wallace:1976:SGI,
  author =       "Victor L. Wallace",
  title =        "The semantics of graphic input devices",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "61--65",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:57 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5540 (Terminals and graphic displays); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  conflocation = "Miami Beach, FL, USA; 26--27 April 1976",
  conftitle =    "Symposium on Graphic Languages",
  corpsource =   "Department of Computer Sci., Univ. of North Carolina,
                 Chapel Hill, NC, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "computer graphics; graphic input devices; interactive
                 input; interactive terminals; primitive, nonprimitives;
                 semantics; virtual devices; virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Chow:1977:ASP,
  author =       "We-Min Chow and W. W. Chiu",
  title =        "An Analysis of Swapping Policies in Virtual Storage
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG,
  volume =       "SE-3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "150--156",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "IESEDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.1977.229906",
  ISSN =         "0098-5589 (print), 1939-3520 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-5589",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 1 08:07:37 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranssoftweng1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1702417",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=32",
}

@Article{Donovan:1977:VMC,
  author =       "John J. Donovan and Henry D. Jacoby",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Communication for the Implementation
                 of Decision Support Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG,
  volume =       "SE-3",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "333--342",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "IESEDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.1977.231158",
  ISSN =         "0098-5589 (print), 1939-3520 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-5589",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 23 05:54:52 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tse/tse3.html#DonovanJ77;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "incomplete",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=32",
  oldlabel =     "DonovanJ77",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/tse/DonovanJ77",
}

@Article{Flink:1977:EOS,
  author =       "Charles W. Flink",
  title =        "{EASY} --- an operating system for the {QM-1}",
  journal =      j-SIGMICRO,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--14",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SIGMDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1014196.803310",
  ISSN =         "0163-5751, 1050-916X",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5751",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 16 10:27:21 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1014196.803310",
  abstract =     "The Emulation Aid SYstem is a virtual machine monitor
                 for the Nanodata QM-1 microprogrammable computer. The
                 system is designed to provide the user with an
                 interactive interface for the development and
                 subsequent use of emulations on the QM-1. EASY provides
                 integrated support for: (1) interactive control of
                 multiple, concurrently resident, virtual computers
                 implemented via emulation, (2) input/output from
                 emulations (virtual I/O) to the various real
                 peripherals of the QM-1, and (3) diagnostic displays
                 for debugging of both the emulations and the software
                 running on the emulated computers. EASY is implemented
                 at three distinct levels: the majority of the system
                 software is programmed in a high-level language
                 (SIMPL-Q); this (service) software, in turn, executes
                 on an emulated intermediate language machine (also
                 called EASY); the EASY machine executes as the highest
                 priority task under a microprogrammed operating system
                 kernel (called TASK). Via EASY the user currently has
                 access to several previously developed emulations. EASY
                 is the host system for ongoing emulator development at
                 the Navy's Dahlgren Laboratory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmicro",
}

@Book{Hartmann:1977:CPC,
  author =       "A. C. Hartmann",
  key =          "Hartmann",
  title =        "A Concurrent Pascal Compiler for MiniComputers",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 27 13:37:33 1984",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "This book describes a seven pass compiler for Per
                 Brinch Hansen's Concurrent Pascal programming language.
                 It requires 16,500 16-bit words of storage on a
                 PDP-11/45 computer, and compiles source text at the
                 rate of 240 characters per second (about 9--10 lines
                 per second). It generates code for an ideal virtual
                 machine that is simulated by a real machine. The
                 compiler is written in sequential Pascal and is easily
                 transported to other machines. [from the preface] The
                 compiler comprises seven passes: lexical analysis,
                 syntax analysis, name analysis, declaration analysis,
                 body analysis, code selection, and code assembly. After
                 an introduction and a chapter on each of the passes,
                 there are chapters on interpass topics, the virtual
                 machine, and implementation details. An appendix
                 provides syntax graphs for all the intermediate
                 languages, as well as the input and final code
                 languages. The seven-pass compiler has been running on
                 a PDP-ll/45 at CalTech since Jan 1975. Each pass is
                 described along with the virtual code that is output by
                 the last pass. The syntax graphs for each of the passes
                 is also given.",
  keywords =     "Concurrent Pascal",
}

@Article{Huxtable:1977:HSI,
  author =       "D. H. R. Huxtable and J. M. M. Pinkerton",
  title =        "The hardware\slash software interface of the {ICL}
                 2900 range of computers",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "290--295",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/290.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/291.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/292.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/293.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/294.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/295.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5220 (Computer architecture); C6150 (Systems
                 software)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "International Computers Ltd., Bracknell, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "architecture; computer architecture; computer
                 software; computer systems, digital; concurrent
                 execution; hardware features; ICL 2900; independent
                 processes; instruction set; interference; mutual;
                 protection arrangements; support system software;
                 virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Keedy:1977:OIS,
  author =       "J. L. Keedy",
  title =        "An Outline of the {ICL} 2900 Series System
                 Architecture",
  journal =      j-AUSTRALIAN-COMP-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--62",
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ACMJB2",
  ISSN =         "0004-8917",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The system architecture of the ICL 2900 Series is
                 outlined informally. Its central feature, the virtual
                 machine concept, is described and related to virtual
                 storage, segmentation and paging. The procedural
                 approach is then discussed and its implementation by a
                 stack mechanism is described. Further sections outline
                 the protection mechanisms, and the instruction set and
                 related features. Finally the virtual machine approach
                 is related to global system activities. This paper has
                 been written such that it may be of interest to readers
                 without a specialist knowledge of computer archi
                 tecture.",
  fjournal =     "Australian Computer Journal",
  keywords =     "Computer Architecture, ICL 2900 series, Virtual
                 memory, descriptors, segmentation, Paging, Procedural
                 stacks, Protection. 6.21, 4.32.",
}

@MastersThesis{Wilding-White:1977:MBI,
  author =       "Arthur Llewellyn Wilding-White",
  title =        "A microprocessor {BCPL} implementation based on a
                 virtual stack machine",
  type =         "Thesis ({B.S.})",
  school =       "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "143",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:19 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  note =         "Supervised by Stephen A. Ward.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microprocessors; BCPL (Computer program language);
                 Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Armstrong:1978:PPC,
  author =       "J. L. Armstrong",
  title =        "Programming a Parallel Computer for Robot Vision",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "215--218",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/215.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/216.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/217.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/218.tif",
  abstract =     "Work a Edinburgh has directed itself towards the
                 automatic recognition and inspection of objects in an
                 industrial environment using a television camera. A
                 particular need for such systems arises in the context
                 of numerically controlled machine tools. FORTRAN
                 emulators of the CLIP array processor have enabled
                 preliminary tests to be made of a parallel approach to
                 removing noise and extracting primitive features from
                 digitized pictures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C3355C (Control applications in machining processes
                 and machine tools); C3355 (Control applications in
                 manufacturing processes); C6110 (Systems analysis and
                 programming); C7420 (Control engineering computing)",
  classification = "721; 723; 731; 741",
  corpsource =   "Machine Intelligence Res. Unit, Univ. of Edinburgh,
                 Edinburgh, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "automatic recognition; camera; CLIP array processor;
                 computer programming; computerised pattern recognition;
                 computerised picture; emulators; FORTRAN; industrial
                 environment; industrial robots; inspection of objects;
                 numerical control; numerically controlled machine
                 tools; parallel approach; parallel computer; parallel
                 processing; processing; programming; robot vision;
                 robots; television; virtual machines; vision ---
                 Computer Applications",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Bard:1978:AMV,
  author =       "Y. Bard",
  title =        "An analytic model of the {VM\slash 370} system",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "498--508",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 12 09:58:53 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "382.68033",
  abstract =     "An Analytic model is described of an interactive
                 multiprogrammed computer system. The model accepts a
                 multiple-user-class, transaction-oriented workload
                 description and a system configuration description, and
                 it produces predictions of resource utilizations,
                 transaction rates, and average transaction response
                 times. The solution method involves nearly complete
                 decomposition, with a closed queuing network
                 representing the multiprogrammed set. Asymptotic
                 formulas are used to generate good initial guesses for
                 an overall iterative scheme. Extensive validation
                 results are presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Cambridge Sci. Center, IBM, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
  journalabr =   "IBM J Res Dev",
  keywords =     "analytic model; average; closed queuing network;
                 computer performance prediction; computer selection and
                 evaluation; computer systems programming ---
                 Multiprogramming; computer systems, digital;
                 interactive multiprogrammed computer; interactive
                 systems; iterative scheme; multiprogrammed set model;
                 multiprogramming; resource utilizations; system;
                 transaction rates; transaction response times;
                 validation; virtual machines; virtual storage; VM/370",
  treatment =    "A Application",
}

@Article{Comaa:1978:SGP,
  author =       "H. Comaa and J. Kramer and B. K. Penney",
  title =        "A student group project in operating system
                 implementation",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "197--202",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/990654.990624",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 07:38:04 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Papers of the SIGCSE\slash CSA Technical Symposium on
                 Computer Science Education.",
  abstract =     "A student operating system project is described. It
                 provides students, working in groups of 4 or 5, with
                 some insight into the design and organisation problems
                 of constructing a fairly large and complex piece of
                 software. The students design and implement the Nucleus
                 of a multiprogramming system which runs under the
                 control of a VM/CMS virtual machine. Aspects of the
                 project structure and its organisation are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Cremers:1978:FMV,
  author =       "Armin B. Cremers and Thomas N. Hibbard",
  title =        "Formal Modeling of Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG,
  volume =       "SE-4",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "426--436",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "IESEDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.1978.233862",
  ISSN =         "0098-5589 (print), 1939-3520 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-5589",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 23 05:53:37 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tse/tse4.html#CremersH78;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "incomplete",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=32",
  oldlabel =     "CremersH78",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/tse/CremersH78",
}

@Manual{Forum:1978:VMI,
  author =       "IBM (Forum)",
  title =        "On Virtual Machine Integrity",
  year =         "1978",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
}

@Article{Kumar:1978:PEH,
  author =       "B. Kumar and Edward S. Davidson",
  title =        "Performance Evaluation of Highly Concurrent Computers
                 by Deterministic Simulation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "904--913",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:56:38 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm21.html#KumarD78;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Simulation is presented as a practical technique for
                 performance evaluation of alternative configurations of
                 highly concurrent computers. A technique is described
                 for constructing a detailed deterministic simulation
                 model of a system. In the model a control stream
                 replaces the instruction and data streams of the real
                 system. Simulation of the system model yields the
                 timing resource usage statistics needed for performance
                 evaluation, without the necessity of emulating the
                 system. As a case study, the implementation of a
                 simulation of a model of the CPU-memory subsystem of
                 the IBM 360\slash 191 is described. The results of
                 evaluating some alternative system designs are
                 discussed. The experiments reveal that, for the case
                 study, the major bottlenecks in the system are the
                 memory unit and the fixed point unit. Further, it
                 appears that many of the sophisticated pipelining and
                 buffering techniques implemented in the architecture of
                 the IBM 360\slash 91 are of little value when
                 high-speed (cache) memory is used, as in the IBM
                 360\slash 195.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5220 (Computer architecture); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "computer selection and evaluation; computer systems,
                 digital; CPU memory subsystem; deterministic
                 simulation; highly concurrent computers; IBM 360/91;
                 multiprocessing systems; performance evaluation;
                 virtual machines",
  oldlabel =     "KumarD78",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/KumarD78",
}

@Article{Malik:1978:DOH,
  author =       "Kamran Malik and Ted Lewis",
  title =        "Design objectives for high level microprogramming
                 languages",
  journal =      j-SIGMICRO,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "154--160",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SIGMDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1014198.804325",
  ISSN =         "0163-5751, 1050-916X",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5751",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 16 10:27:23 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1014198.804325",
  abstract =     "The primitive operations of a high level language for
                 producing emulators is shown to include special purpose
                 features specific to virtual machine implementation. A
                 Hierarchy of data types, short reliable language
                 constructs, and control structures that \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmicro",
}

@Article{Olbert:1978:ECP,
  author =       "Arthur G. Olbert",
  title =        "Extended control program support: {VM\slash 370}: a
                 hardware assist for the {IBM Virtual Machine
                 Facility\slash 370}",
  journal =      j-SIGMICRO,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8--25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SIGMDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1096532.1096534",
  ISSN =         "0163-5751, 1050-916X",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5751",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 16 10:27:23 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1096532.1096534",
  abstract =     "ECPS:VM/370 is a hardware assist of the VM/370
                 software control program. ECPS:VM/370 provides improved
                 performance for the software system through a
                 combination of hardware assist technologies. The assist
                 provides hardware support for virtual machine
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmicro",
}

@TechReport{Renaud:1978:UVM,
  author =       "D. J. Renaud",
  title =        "The {UT} Virtual Machine Monitor",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-78-78",
  institution =  "University of Texas at Austin, Department of Computer
                 Sciences",
  address =      "Austin, TX, USA",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "November 24, 98",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Wed, 23 Jun 104 21:38:33 GMT",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.utexas.edu/pub/techreports/tr78-78a.pdf;
                 ftp://ftp.cs.utexas.edu/pub/techreports/tr78-78b.pdf",
}

@Article{Attanasio:1979:VCS,
  author =       "C. R. Attanasio",
  title =        "Virtual Control Storage --- Security Measures in
                 {VM\slash 370}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "93--110",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 08 16:35:07 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "An experimental extension to VM\slash 370 is described
                 whereby a distinct execution and data domain (Virtual
                 Control Storage) is made available to virtual machines
                 that require access to a resource manager, without
                 requiring a change in the scheduling unit. Thus
                 scheduling overhead and delays are avoided when
                 transition is made between user program and resource
                 manager. A mechanism is described for exchanging data
                 between execution domains by means of address-space
                 mapping.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  keywords =     "computer systems, digital",
}

@InProceedings{Canon:1979:VME,
  author =       "M. D. Canon and D. H. Fritz and John H. Howard and T.
                 D. Howell and Michael F. Mitoma and Juan
                 Rodriguez-Rossel",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Operating
                 Systems Principles (SOSP)",
  title =        "A Virtual Machine Emulator for Performance Evaluation
                 (Summary)",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "1--??",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 15:11:21 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sosp/sosp79.html#CanonFHHMR79;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  oldlabel =     "CanonFHHMR79",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/sosp/CanonFHHMR79",
}

@PhdThesis{Halstead:1979:RTN,
  author =       "R. H. Halstead",
  key =          "Halstead",
  title =        "Reference Tree Networks: Virtual Machine and
                 Implementation",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "252",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 5 09:49:44 1986",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Also issued as Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-222.",
  abstract =     "A current-technology computing machine may be roughly
                 decomposed into a processor, a memory, and a data path
                 connecting them. The interposition of this data path
                 between processing and storage elements creates a
                 bottleneck, which inhibits progress at the
                 high-performance end of the technological spectrum.
                 Additionally, the monolithic nature of present-day
                 processors resists incremental addition or removal of
                 processing power. The research described here attacks
                 the problem of constructing more powerful and more
                 flexible computer systems along three fronts: the
                 definition of a virtual machine providing for parallel
                 computation using objects and object references, the
                 development of a distributed implementation mechanism
                 ({"reference} {trees"}) supporting object management
                 functions including garbage collection, and the
                 reinvestigation of scheduling algorithms and collection
                 performance results. A reference tree network using
                 these concepts is composed of a multitude of
                 independent small processors, yet operates as a
                 coherent programming system. Programs and data spread
                 automatically and transparently through the network to
                 occupy underused resources. The modular structure of
                 the network provides many parallel data paths as well
                 as allowing for easy addition or removal of modules,
                 thus addressing some of the problems discussed above. A
                 prototype reference tree network, the MuNet, is
                 currently in operation. {AD A076-570}",
  notes =        "Cost is \$26. Keywords: message passing, distributed
                 computing, multiprocessor systems, distributed object
                 management, networks",
  owner =        "seufert",
}

@Article{Hartung:1979:VE,
  author =       "R. L. Hartung and A. Ammerman",
  title =        "Virtual {I/O}, an experiment",
  journal =      j-SIGMICRO,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "109--113",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SIGMDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1014188.803019",
  ISSN =         "0163-5751, 1050-916X",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5751",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 16 10:27:25 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1014188.803019",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an experiment in virtualizing
                 Input/Output (I/O) for allowing new I/O technologies,
                 such as ARPANET, to replace old hardwired interface
                 disciplines. This was accomplished using
                 micro-programmable host machines, emulation, and
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmicro",
}

@Article{Hendricks:1979:EVM,
  author =       "Edson C. Hendricks and Timothy C. Hartmann",
  title =        "Evolution of a Virtual Machine Subsystem",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "111--142",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 13:25:19 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ibmsj/ibmsj18.html#HendricksH79;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Early investigation of virtual machine subsystem
                 flexibility centered on telecommunications support and
                 intercomputer networking and proceeded in two phases.
                 The first phase focused on an experimental program for
                 the virtual machine control program CP-67 that
                 supported remote work stations and pioneered
                 intercomputer spool communications. The results of that
                 effort inspired a second effort in the same area with
                 some significant redirection. This second phase
                 ultimately led to the remote spooling communications
                 subsystem component of VM\slash 370, the VM\slash 370
                 networking package (VNET), and a large network of
                 interactive computer systems within IBM. These phases
                 are discussed along with suggestions for several
                 continuing lines of work based on current results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  keywords =     "computer systems, digital",
  oldlabel =     "HendricksH79",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/ibmsj/HendricksH79",
}

@Article{Jensen:1979:FAC,
  author =       "Richard M. Jensen",
  title =        "A Formal Approach for Communication Between Logically
                 Isolated Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--92",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 13:25:57 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ibmsj/ibmsj18.html#Jensen79;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The growing use of the virtual machine concept has
                 resulted in the necessity for communication between the
                 virtual machines. The design and operation of the
                 Virtual Machine Communication Facility is discussed as
                 an approach to offering such communication. The
                 facility is an interface allowing a logical connection
                 between two or more virtual machines. Potential
                 applications for this facility conclude the
                 discussion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  keywords =     "computers, digital",
  oldlabel =     "Jensen79",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/ibmsj/Jensen79",
}

@Article{Kobayashi:1979:SMC,
  author =       "Y. Kobayashi and T. L. Kunii",
  title =        "A simulation of a minicomputer controlled system and
                 its use as a debugging tool",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--49",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/41.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/42.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/43.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/44.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/45.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/46.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/47.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/48.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/49.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages --- Program Debugging;
                 computer simulation; computerised control; computers,
                 miniature; debugging real programs; mechanism;
                 minicomputer controlled system; program debugging;
                 simulation; time flow; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{MacKinnon:1979:CVM,
  author =       "Richard A. MacKinnon",
  title =        "The Changing Virtual Machine Environment: Interfaces
                 to Real Hardware, Virtual Hardware, and Other Virtual
                 Machines",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18--46",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 13:27:26 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ibmsj/ibmsj18.html#MacKinnon79;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A survey is presented of changes to virtual machine
                 interfaces, implementation, architecture, and
                 simulation techniques as they affect IBM System\slash
                 370 and 303X (3031, 3032, 3033) processors, the system
                 control program to which virtual machines interface,
                 and other virtual machines executing on the same real
                 computing system or elsewhere. New uses of virtual
                 machine subsystems are discussed as they relate to
                 inter-virtual-machine communication.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  keywords =     "computer systems, digital",
  oldlabel =     "MacKinnon79",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/ibmsj/MacKinnon79",
}

@TechReport{Moore:1979:IVM,
  author =       "J. S. Moore II",
  title =        "The {InterLISP} Virtual Machine Specification",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "CSL 76-5",
  institution =  "Xerox, Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)",
  address =      "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  year =         "1979",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Sep. 1976, Rvsd. March 1979",
  keywords =     "LISP",
}

@Article{Parnas:1979:DSE,
  author =       "D. L. Parnas",
  key =          "Parnas",
  title =        "Designing Software for Ease of Expansion and
                 Contraction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG,
  volume =       "SE-5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "128--138",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IESEDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.1979.234169",
  ISSN =         "0098-5589 (print), 1939-3520 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-5589",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "Focuses on design of software that can be subseted and
                 expanded. Families of programs sharing subsets of
                 modules. Loops in the 'uses' relation should be
                 avoided. Minimal program subset and minimal increments.
                 Virtual machines, modules, uses relation. Criteria for
                 letting a module use another module. Example. 21
                 references.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=32",
}

@Article{Rajaraman:1979:PPV,
  author =       "M. K. Rajaraman",
  title =        "Performance prediction of a virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "57--62",
  month =        "Spring-Summer",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1041853.1041858",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 26 10:53:30 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Modeling and simulation of computer systems have two
                 main objectives. First, to evaluate the performance of
                 a given configuration of a machine and second, to
                 derive a mechanism for prediction of performance when
                 configuration parameters change. This paper addresses
                 the second issue and reports the result of a recent
                 investigation of a Virtual Memory Computer. The results
                 indicate which variables or combination of variables
                 have significant effect on the performance and which do
                 not.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@TechReport{Abramson:1980:WGL,
  author =       "Harvey Abramson",
  title =        "Why Is a Goto Like a Dynamic Vector in the {BCPL-Slim}
                 Computing System",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "TR-80-09",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of British
                 Columbia",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "July 21, 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Mon, 21 Jul 1997 19:29:13 GMT",
  abstract =     "The Slim computer is a new virtual machine which can
                 be used in the translation and porting of the BCPL
                 compiler, and eventually, in the porting of an
                 operating system written in BCPL. For the purposes of
                 this paper, the Slim computer is a stack machine with a
                 single accumulator and a register which points to the
                 top of the stack. The procedures LEVEL and LONGJUMP,
                 traditionally used to implement transfers of control
                 across BCPL procedures, and which are usually written
                 in the assembler language of a host machine, cannot be
                 used with this architecture. In developing procedures
                 to implement \underline{all} transfers of control, we
                 show how these essential procedures --- though highly
                 dependent on the Slim architecture --- can be written
                 portably in BCPL, and discover an interesting
                 connection between implementing jumps and dynamic
                 vectors (by means of Aptovec) in the BCPL-Slim
                 computing system. Some parameters of portability in
                 rapping an abstract machine to host machines are
                 identified, and it is shown how to maintain the
                 portability of the above mentioned procedures in the
                 face of various mapping problems. Finally, we are led
                 to a comment on the design of BCPL to the effect that
                 \underline{goto}'s are an unnecessary feature of the
                 language.",
}

@Article{Canon:1980:VME,
  author =       "M. D. Canon and D. H. Fritz and John H. Howard and T.
                 D. Howell and Michael F. Mitoma and Juan
                 Rodriguez-Rossel",
  title =        "A Virtual Machine Emulator for Performance
                 Evaluation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "71--80",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:29:30 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm23.html#CanonFHHMR80;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  oldlabel =     "CanonFHHMR80",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/CanonFHHMR80",
}

@InCollection{Dommergaard:1980:DVM,
  author =       "O. Dommergaard",
  key =          "Dommergaard80",
  booktitle =    "Abstract Software Specifications",
  title =        "The Design of a Virtual Machine for {Ada}",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "463--605",
  year =         "1980",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "Derives the design and formalizes the architecture of
                 a virtual machine for efficient execution of Ada
                 programs. This, the so-called A-code machine, is then
                 the basis for a compiling algorithm specification.",
}

@TechReport{Dommergaard:1980:FDP,
  author =       "S. Bodilsen O. Dommergaard",
  key =          "Dommergaard\&80",
  title =        "A Formal Definition of {P}-Code",
  institution =  "Department of Comp. Sci.",
  address =      "Techn. Univ. of Denmark",
  year =         "1980",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "Like \cite{Dommergaard80a} this formalizes a(nother)
                 virtual machine, that of P-Code, for efficient
                 execution of Pascal programs.",
}

@Article{Groves:1980:DVM,
  author =       "L. J. Groves and W. J. Rogers",
  title =        "The design of a virtual machine for {Ada}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "223--234",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:31 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors); C6150J (Operating systems)",
  conflocation = "Boston, MA, USA; 9--11 Dec. 1980",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the ACM-SIGPLAN Symposium on the Ada
                 Programming Language",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "Ada; addressing; blocks; compiler portability; control
                 flow; data handling; data storage; exceptions;
                 generating code; machine-independent translator;
                 manipulation; program compilers; program interpreters;
                 storage allocation; storage structure; subprograms;
                 task handling; virtual machine; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "A Application",
}

@Article{Kent:1980:PNV,
  author =       "S. A. Kent",
  title =        "A Programmable Network Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "125--137",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CNETDP",
  ISSN =         "0376-5075 (print), 1878-3120 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0376-5075",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 23 07:26:10 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cn/cn4.html#Kent80;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ Coll, London, Engl",
  annote =       "The increasing diversity of resources which is
                 becoming available to users through the introduction of
                 computer networks has opened up new areas of
                 investigation. One of the problems encountered is that
                 of providing uniform and common access procedures where
                 functionally similar facilities exist on different
                 systems. \ldots{} One approach to solving these
                 problems is to create an agent that is able both to
                 automate remote access procedures on the \ldots{}",
  classification = "722; 723",
  descriptors =  "Computer network; design; access control; network
                 management",
  enum =         "1638",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks",
  journalabr =   "Comput Networks",
  keywords =     "computer networks; computers, digital",
  location =     "RWTH-AC-DFV: Bibl.",
  oldlabel =     "Kent80",
  references =   "36",
  revision =     "14/01/92",
  WARNING =      "Additional, or modified, lettercase-preserving braces
                 are likely to be required in title and booktitle
                 fields.",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cn/Kent80",
}

@Article{Kerridge:1980:STC,
  author =       "J. M. Kerridge and N. Willis",
  title =        "A simulator for teaching computer architecture",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "65--71",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/989253.989264",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 08:07:49 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the specification, implementation
                 and use of a computer system simulator. The simulator
                 project was begun as a result of teaching a second year
                 undergraduate course in computer systems.It became
                 apparent that students only fully appreciate the
                 differences in computer architecture when they are able
                 to have ``hands on'' experience. This simulator, which
                 operates at the register transfer level, allows
                 students to gain experience of many different
                 architectures without recourse to many different
                 computers. This experience, in the first instance, is
                 gained by the students being able to run programs on
                 the simulated computers and then investigating the
                 state of the computer after each machine or micro
                 instruction. The design of these teaching computers is
                 chosen so that they demonstrate a particular
                 architectural detail. Subsequently students can design
                 their own computer systems and compare them with
                 simulations of commercially available computers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
  keywords =     "STARTLE simulator",
}

@Article{Seawright:1979:VSM,
  author =       "L. H. Seawright and R. A. MacKinnon",
  title =        "{VM\slash 370} --- a study of multiplicity and
                 usefulness",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--17",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmsysj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~stjones/proj/vm_reading/ibmsj1801C.pdf",
  abstract =     "This paper is an overview of IBM's Virtual Machine
                 Facility/370. It describes the virtual machine concept
                 and its capabilities and implementation in VM/370. Two
                 components of VM/370 are discussed --- the control
                 program and the Conversational Monitor System. The
                 usefulness of VM/370 in multiple and diverse
                 environments is covered. New developments in VM/370
                 from hardware assists to system extensions, networking,
                 and handshaking are briefly described as an
                 introduction to the rest of the papers in this issue.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Warren:1980:IPI,
  author =       "D. H. D. Warren",
  key =          "Warren",
  title =        "An Improved {Prolog} Implementation Which Optimises
                 Tail Recursion",
  type =         "Research Paper",
  number =       "156",
  institution =  "Department of AI, Univeristy of Edinburgh",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 12:29:53 1983",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  keywords =     "compiler; Implementation; tail recursion; virtual
                 machine",
}

@Article{Sarda:1981:CAD,
  author =       "N. L. Sarda and J. R. Isaac",
  title =        "Computer aided design of database internal schema",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-INF-SCI,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "219--234",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "IJCIAH",
  ISSN =         "0091-7036",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 26 12:20:22 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6120
                 (File organisation); C6160 (Database management systems
                 (DBMS)); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Centre, Indian Inst. of Technol., Bombay,
                 India",
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Computer and Information
                 Sciences",
  keywords =     "computer aided design; data structures; database
                 internal schema; database management systems; database
                 systems; design; systems analysis; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Wang:1981:VMB,
  author =       "Richard T. Wang and James C. Browne",
  title =        "Virtual Machine-Based Simulation of Distributed
                 Computing and Network Computing",
  crossref =     "ACM:1981:ASC",
  pages =        "154--156",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 23 15:38:35 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigmetrics/sigmetrics81.html#WangB81;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  oldlabel =     "WangB81",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/sigmetrics/WangB81",
}

@TechReport{Abramsky:1982:SMV,
  author =       "S. Abramsky",
  title =        "{SECD-M}: a virtual machine for applicative
                 multiprogramming",
  number =       "QMW-DCS-1982-322; QMW-DCS-1982-339",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Queen Mary College",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "(LA has)",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.dcs.qmw.ac.uk/publications/report_abstracts/1982/322;
                 http://www.dcs.qmw.ac.uk/publications/report_abstracts/1982/339",
  keywords =     "Applicative programming , functional programming, SECD
                 machines multiprogramming, non-determinism, operating
                 systems.",
  scope =        "theory",
}

@TechReport{Baden:1982:HPS,
  author =       "Scott B. Baden",
  title =        "High Performance Storage Reclamation in an
                 Object-Based Memory System",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CSD-84-167",
  institution =  "University of California, Berkeley",
  pages =        "52",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "June 22, 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Measurements of the Smalltalk Virtual Machine indicate
                 that 20\%-30\% of the time is spent reclaiming disused
                 storage. Following the work of Deutsch, Bobrow, and
                 Snyder [Deutsch and Bobrow 76] [Deutsch 82a] [Deutsch
                 82b] [Snyder 79] we introduce a strategy that reduces
                 the overhead of storage reclamation by more than 80\%.
                 We discuss the design of hardware to support this
                 strategy, and compare the hardware to a traditional
                 software implementation. We conclude by suggesting
                 directions for future research.",
}

@InProceedings{Comeau:1982:COV,
  author =       "Leslie W. Comeau",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of {SEAS AM82, September, 1982}",
  title =        "{CP-40}, the Origin of {VM\slash 370}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 07 13:35:24 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See \cite{Creasy:1965:GDR,Comeau:1965:PLS} for the
                 genesis of this work.",
}

@Article{Ganapathi:1982:RCC,
  author =       "Mahadevan Ganapathi and Charles N. Fischer and John L.
                 Hennessy",
  key =          "Ganapathi et al.",
  title =        "Retargetable Compiler Code Generation",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "573--592",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  ISSN =         "0010-4892",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 18 07:42:17 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Wulf:1983:SFR,Ganapathi:1983:SFRa,Fraser:1983:SFR,Ganapathi:1983:SFRb}.",
  abstract =     "A classification of automated retargetable code
                 generation techniques and a survey of the work on these
                 techniques is presented. Retargetable code generation
                 research is classified into three categories:
                 interpretive code generation, pattern-matched code
                 generation, and table-driven code generation.
                 Interpretive code generation approaches generate code
                 for a virtual machine and then expand into real target
                 code. Pattern-matched code generation approaches
                 separate the machine description from the code
                 generation algorithm. Table-driven code generation
                 approaches employ a formal machine description and use
                 a code-generator generator to produce code generators
                 automatically. An analysis of these techniques and a
                 critique of automatic code generation algorithms are
                 presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
  keywords =     "Code-generator generator; compiler compiler; computer
                 programming languages; intermediate representation;
                 machine description; machine-dependent optimization",
  owner =        "manning",
}

@Article{Thanh:1982:ITC,
  author =       "Nguyen the Thanh and E. Walter Raschner",
  title =        "Indirect threaded code used to emulate a virtual
                 machine",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "80--89",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 16:17:03 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "E. Walter Raschner, Nixdorf Computer AG, Paderborn,
                 West Germany",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "assembler programs; codes; Indirect Threaded Code;
                 Pascal compiler; program assemblers; program
                 interpreters; Threaded Code; virtual machine; virtual
                 machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Unger:1982:OSZ,
  author =       "B. Unger and D. Bidulock and G. Lomow and P. Belanger
                 and C. Hankins and N. Jain",
  title =        "An {OASIS} simulation of the {ZNET} microcomputer
                 network",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--84",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.1982.291024",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5620 (Computer networks and techniques); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Calgary, Alta., Canada",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
  keywords =     "architecture; communication protocols; computer
                 networks; distributed programs; hardware; local; MCZ-2;
                 microcomputer network; multicomputer; network; OASIS;
                 prototype software; Prototyping System; simulation;
                 software; Software; systems; virtual machines; Zilog;
                 ZNET",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  xxauthor =     "B. Unger and P. Belanger and D. Bidulock and C.
                 Hankins and N. Jain and G. Lomow",
}

@TechReport{Baker:1983:MAS,
  author =       "T. P. Baker",
  title =        "Mapping {Ada} onto a Simple Virtual Machine",
  number =       "ADA-83-02",
  institution =  "Florida State University",
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
}

@TechReport{Cohen:1983:PSR,
  author =       "Shismon Cohen and Roni Rosner and Ari Zidon",
  title =        "{PARALISP Simulator (Reference Manual)}",
  type =         "Research Report",
  number =       "83-2",
  institution =  "Computer Science Department, Hebrew University",
  address =      "Jerusalem, Israel",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1983",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "PLISP (``Parallel Lisp'') is the current
                 implementation of ``Senile Parallel Execution of Lisp
                 Programs'' (Lehmann and Cohen). PLISP may be thought of
                 as a virtual machine designed to evaluate LISP
                 expressions in a parallel fashion. The language of this
                 virtual machine is PARALISP. This means, for example,
                 that when a function application contains several
                 formal arguments, these arguments may be evaluated in
                 parallel, under the assumption that there are no
                 dependencies, or side effects. Therefore, PARALISP is a
                 version of LISP designed to enable parallel evaluation
                 to occur without side effects.",
  keywords =     "functional parallel; Lisp",
}

@Article{Fraser:1983:SFR,
  author =       "Christopher W. Fraser",
  title =        "Surveyor's Forum: {Retargetable} Code Generators",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "281--283",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356914.356922",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:32:37 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Ganapathi:1982:RCC,Wulf:1983:SFR,Ganapathi:1983:SFRa,Ganapathi:1983:SFRb}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Ganapathi:1983:SFRa,
  author =       "M. Ganapathi and J. L. Hennessy and C. N. Fischer",
  title =        "Surveyor's Forum: {Retargetable} Code Generators",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "280--281",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356914.356921",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:32:37 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Ganapathi:1982:RCC,Wulf:1983:SFR,Fraser:1983:SFR,Ganapathi:1983:SFRb}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Ganapathi:1983:SFRb,
  author =       "M. Ganapathi and J. L. Hennessy and C. N. Fischer",
  title =        "Surveyor's Forum: {Retargetable} Code Generators",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "283--284",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356914.356923",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:32:37 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Ganapathi:1982:RCC,Wulf:1983:SFR,Ganapathi:1983:SFRa,Fraser:1983:SFR}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Gum:1983:SEA,
  author =       "Peter H. Gum",
  title =        "{System\slash 370} Extended Architecture: Facilities
                 for Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "530--544",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 13:12:28 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ibmrd/ibmrd27.html#Gum83;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the evolution of facilities for
                 virtual machines on IBM System\slash 370 computers, and
                 presents the elements of a new architectural facility
                 designed for the virtual-machine environment. Assists
                 that have been added to various System\slash 370 models
                 to support the use of virtual machines are summarized,
                 and a general facility for this purpose which was
                 introduced with the System\slash 370 Extended
                 Architecture (370-XA) is described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5220 (Computer architecture); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "IBM Information Systems and Technol. Group,
                 Poughkeepsie, NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
  journalabr =   "IBM J Res Dev",
  keywords =     "370-XA architecture; computer architecture; computers;
                 data storage, digital; dynamic address translation;
                 Extended Architecture; IBM System/370; privileged
                 instructions; virtual machines",
  oldlabel =     "Gum83",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/ibmrd/Gum83",
}

@Article{Kamrad:1983:ROA,
  author =       "J. M. {Kamrad III}",
  key =          "Kamrad",
  title =        "Runtime Organization for the {Ada} Language System
                 Programs",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "III",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "58--68",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 6 10:04:32 1985",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The runtime organization provides the execution
                 environment for generated code of a source program. The
                 runtime organization includes the primitive data
                 elements, such as scalar and composite data objects;
                 system data elements, such as stack and heaps; and a
                 runtime system to provide functionality not supported
                 in the target computer. In effect the runtime
                 organization provides an abstract or virtual machine.
                 This paper is a brief overview of the runtime
                 organization that is the execution environment for the
                 code generated by the Ada compiler in the Army Ada
                 Language System. Since this compiler translates the
                 full Ada language, the runtime organization must
                 provide support not normally found in other languages,
                 such as exception handling and tasking. As
                 retargetability is a major goal of the Ada Language
                 System, The runtime organization must also exist on
                 many targets, both with or without an operating system
                 support. While this paper specifically describes the
                 runtime organization for the VAX/VMS 11/780, it does
                 explore the design flexibility that enables the design
                 to support generated code over a variety of targets.",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
}

@InProceedings{Kojima:1983:AMI,
  author =       "Tomihiko Kojima and Hidehiko Akita and Hisashi
                 Hashimoto",
  title =        "An Approach to a Machine Independent {UNIX} --- {UNIX}
                 on {HITAC M-series} Virtual Machines",
  crossref =     "STUG:1983:PUA",
  pages =        "363--369",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 07:24:24 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Hitachi Ltd.",
}

@Article{Mendelsohn:1983:RVF,
  author =       "Noah Mendelsohn and Mark H. Linehan and William J.
                 Anzick",
  title =        "Reflections on {VM\slash Pass-Through}: a Facility for
                 Interactive Networking",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1-2",
  pages =        "63--79",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 08 16:35:07 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "An introduction to Pass-Through networking describes
                 features of the system, supported configurations, and
                 use of Pass-Through within the IBM Corporation. A brief
                 history of Pass-Through's development is also provided.
                 Pass-Through is then used to motivate a technical
                 discussion of interactive network technology and
                 virtual machine subsystems. Topics covered include
                 appropriate use of the virtual machine environment,
                 choice of routing strategy, and performance
                 considerations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  journalabr =   "IBM Syst J",
  keywords =     "computer networks",
}

@Article{Schaefer:1983:IPU,
  author =       "Mark T. Schaefer and Yale N. Patt",
  title =        "Improving the performance of {UCSD Pascal} via
                 microprogramming on the {PDP-11\slash 60}",
  journal =      j-SIGMICRO,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "140--148",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SIGMDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1096419.1096440",
  ISSN =         "0163-5751, 1050-916X",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5751",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 16 10:27:31 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1096419.1096440",
  abstract =     "UCSD Pascal is implemented as a machine-independent
                 virtual machine. This virtual machine is usually
                 interpreted on a host computer by machine language
                 instructions, which, in turn, are often interpreted by
                 microcode. Performance of a virtual machine is
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmicro",
}

@Article{Wulf:1983:SFR,
  author =       "William A. Wulf and Joe Newcomer and Bruce Leverett
                 and Rick Cattell and Paul Knueven",
  title =        "Surveyor's Forum: {Retargetable} Code Generators",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "279--280",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356914.356920",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:32:37 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Ganapathi:1982:RCC,Ganapathi:1983:SFRa,Fraser:1983:SFR,Ganapathi:1983:SFRb}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@InProceedings{Gold:1984:KR,
  author =       "B. D. Gold and R. R. Linde and P. F. Cudney",
  title =        "{KVM\slash 370} In Retrospect",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1984:PSS",
  pages =        "13--23",
  year =         "1984",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "KVM/370 (Kernelized Virtual Machine System 370) is
                 based on IBM's Virtual Machine operating system,
                 VM/370. KVM/370 is a general purpose operating system
                 that enforces DoD military security policy using kernel
                 technology. Funded as a small research project in 1976,
                 the system has undergone continuous development since
                 1978 when implementation was begun by System
                 Development Corporation. This paper describes KVM/370's
                 architecture, security controls and performance. Based
                 on insights gained during the retrofit, recommendations
                 are made as to how a more efficient system might be
                 designed.",
}

@Article{Ibsen:1984:PVM,
  author =       "Leif Ibsen",
  title =        "A Portable Virtual Machine for {Ada}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--29",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@InProceedings{Kim:1984:EVM,
  author =       "K. H. Kim",
  title =        "Evolution of a Virtual Machine Supporting
                 Fault-Tolerant Distributed Processes at a Research
                 Laboratory",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1984:DE",
  bookpages =    "????",
  pages =        "620--628",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 14:07:28 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icde/icde84.html#Kim84;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icde/Kim84.html",
  cdrom =        "ICDE84/P620.pdf",
  cites-label =  "B1 (\ldots{}); C1 (\ldots{}); H1
                 (books/sp/Hartmann77); H2 (\ldots{}); K1 (\ldots{}); K2
                 (\ldots{}); V1 (\ldots{})",
  oldlabel =     "conf/icde/Kim84",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/icde/Kim84",
}

@Article{MacGregor:1984:MM,
  author =       "Doug MacGregor and Dave Mothersole and Bill Moyer",
  title =        "The {Motorola MC68020}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "101--118",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.1984.291226",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B1265F (Microprocessors and microcomputers); C5130
                 (Microprocessor chips)",
  classification = "722; 723; 902",
  corpsource =   "Motorola Inc., Austin, TX, USA",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
  keywords =     "32-bit microprocessor; cache; compatibility; computer
                 interfaces; computer programming --- Modular
                 Construction; computers, microprocessor; coprocessor
                 interface; high-speed asynchronous bus; instruction;
                 instruction set; microprocessor chips; Motorola MC
                 6802; Motorola MC68020; performance; programmer's
                 model; system enhancements; testability; virtual
                 memory/virtual machine",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{SPE::Ibsen1984,
  author =       "Leif Ibsen",
  title =        "A Portable Virtual Machine for {Ada}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--29",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Steensgaard-Madsen:1984:DPL,
  author =       "J. Steensgaard-Madsen and L. M. Olsen",
  title =        "Definition of the programming language {MODEF}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "92--110",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D
                 (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "application programs; data abstraction; discrete
                 events; high level languages; MODEF; programming;
                 programming language; semantics; sequential process;
                 statement-oriented approach; user defined operators;
                 virtual machine virtual machine",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@MastersThesis{Turek:1984:IDV,
  author =       "John Joseph E. Turek",
  title =        "Issues in the design of a virtual network for the
                 connection machine",
  type =         "Thesis ({B.S.})",
  school =       "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "67",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:56:30 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Supervised by Thomas Knight.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Uehara:1984:BPB,
  author =       "K. Uehara and R. Ochitani and O. Kakusho and J.
                 Toyoda",
  booktitle =    "1984 International Symposium on Logic Programming",
  title =        "A Bottom-up Parser Base on Predicate Logic: a Survey
                 of the Formalism and its Implementation Techniques",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-0522-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-0522-2",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "CH2007-3/84/0000-0220\$01.00",
  abstract =     "The authors present a grammar formalism for natural
                 language analysis based on the subset of predictive
                 logic, called PAMPS, and its implementation technique.
                 PAMPS has a bottom-up, left-to-right, parallel parser,
                 augmented by topdown filtering and a look-ahead
                 facility. Rules of a PAMPS grammar can have procedures
                 included in their right-hand sides, defined as Horn
                 clauses. These procedures are executed in a to-down,
                 depth-first manner. PAMPS can thus be seen to be an
                 elaborate mixture of an efficient bottom-up parser and
                 the programming language PROLOG. The authors have
                 developed two versions of PAMPS implementation. One is
                 an interpreter, and the other is a virtual machine and
                 its compiler. The technique for the virtual machine is
                 based on that of the DEC-10 PROLOG. Some modifications
                 are added so that the technique for the virtual machine
                 does not depend on any particular searching strategy.
                 It runs faster than the interpreter by a factor of 20
                 to 76. The technique is also useful in implementing
                 pseudo or-parallelism of PROLOG on a sequential
                 machine.",
  keywords =     "Program Compilers; Programming Theory; Software
                 Engineering",
}

@InProceedings{Abramski:1985:SMV,
  author =       "S. Abramski and R. Sykes",
  editor =       "Jean-Pierre Jouannaud",
  booktitle =    "{FPCA '85, Functional Programming Languages and
                 Computer Architecture}",
  title =        "{Secd-m: A Virtual Machine for Applicative
                 Programming}",
  volume =       "201",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "81--98",
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  abstract =     "We present a virtual machine to support {\em
                 applicative multiprogramming\/} --- the description of
                 concurrent, asynchronous systems such as operating
                 systems in a functional style. The machine extend's
                 Landin's secd machine to support multiple concurrent
                 expression evaluation, non-determinism in the form of
                 the fair merge, and a full range of input and output
                 devices. This allows system programs to be written in a
                 functional style. The secd-m machine has been
                 implemented and a number of functional concurrent
                 programs demonstrated.",
  keywords =     "SECD, Abstract Machine, Operating System",
}

@InCollection{Abramsky:1985:SMV,
  author =       "Samson Abramsky and R. Sykes",
  title =        "{{\sc SECD-M}}: a virtual machine for applicative
                 programming",
  crossref =     "Jouannaud:1985:FPL",
  pages =        "81--98",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 23 22:52:55 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/fpca/fpca85.html#AbramskyS85;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We present a virtual machine to support applicative
                 multiprogramming - the description of concurrent,
                 asynchronous systems such as operating systems in a
                 functional style. The machine extend's Landin's secd
                 machine to support multiple concurrent expression
                 evaluation, non-determinism in the form of the fair
                 merge, and a full range of input and output devices.
                 This allows system programs to be written in a
                 functional style. The secd-m machine has been
                 implemented and a number of functional concurrent
                 programs demonstrated.",
  keywords =     "functional nancy symposium parallel non-determinism",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/fpca/AbramskyS85",
}

@InProceedings{Bachrach:1985:XVM,
  author =       "Jonathan Bachrach and John Wallerius and
                 Jehan-Fran{\c{c}}ois Paris",
  title =        "A {XINU} Virtual Machine",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1985:SCP",
  pages =        "348--355",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 07:24:24 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "University of California, San Diego",
}

@Article{Clocksin:1985:DSS,
  author =       "W. F. Clocksin",
  title =        "Design and simulation of a sequential {PROLOG}
                 machine",
  journal =      "New Generation Comput.",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  address =      "Japan",
  pages =        "101--20",
  year =         "1985",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "PROLOG-X is an implemented portable interactive
                 sequential prolog system in which clauses are
                 incrementally compiled for a virtual machine called the
                 ZIP machine. At present, the ZIP machine is emulated by
                 software, but it has been designed to permit easy
                 implementation in microcode or hardware. PROLOG-X
                 running on the software-based emulator provides
                 performance comparable with existing prolog
                 interpreters. To demonstrate its efficiency,
                 compatibility, and comprehensiveness of implementation,
                 PROLOG-X has been used to compile and run several large
                 applications programs. Several novel techniques are
                 used in the implementation, particularly in the areas
                 of the representation of the record database, the
                 selection of clauses, and the compilation of arithmetic
                 expressions.",
  keywords =     "program compilers; program interpreters; PROLOG;
                 virtual machines",
}

@Article{Gaudiot:1985:PES,
  author =       "J. L. Gaudiot and M. D. Ercegovac",
  title =        "Performance evaluation of a simulated data-flow
                 computer with low-resolution actors",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "321--351",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 14 07:47:33 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "713; 723; 921; C5220 (Computer architecture); C5440
                 (Multiprocessing systems); C5470 (Performance
                 evaluation and testing); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Comput. Res. Inst., Univ. of Southern California, Los
                 Angeles, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  journalabr =   "J Parallel Distrib Comput",
  keywords =     "array handling; associative memory cycle time; chain;
                 communication costs; communication issues; computer;
                 computer architecture; computer programming languages;
                 computer simulation; computer systems, digital ---
                 Performance; computers --- Data Communication Systems;
                 daisy; deterministic simulation; directed acyclic
                 graphs; dual counter-rotating rings; evaluation;
                 integrated circuits, VLSI; interconnection networks;
                 low-resolution actors; Mathematical Models; operations;
                 optimal double loop network; parallel processing;
                 parallelism limitation; performance; performance
                 degradation; performance evaluation; program
                 structures; simulated data-flow; simulated data-flow
                 computer; size actors; variable-; variable-resolution
                 scheme; vector; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "X Experimental",
}

@Manual{IBM:1985:VM,
  author =       "{IBM}",
  title =        "Virtual machine",
  organization = "IBM Corporation",
  address =      "Endicott, NY, USA",
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "282",
  year =         "1985",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 V451 1985",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:28 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Publication number SX20-4400-3.",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; IBM 370 (Computer)",
}

@Article{Nanba:1985:VAV,
  author =       "S. Nanba and N. Ohno and H. Kubo and H. Morisue and T.
                 Ohshima and H. Yamagishi",
  title =        "{VM\slash 4}: {ACOS-4} virtual machine architecture",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "171--178",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 12 09:40:54 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/isca/isca85.html#NanbaOKMOY85;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  oldlabel =     "NanbaOKMOY85",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/isca/NanbaOKMOY85",
}

@Article{Ballard:1986:QSD,
  author =       "M. B. Ballard and D. Maier and A. Wirfs-Brock",
  title =        "{QUICKTALK}: a {Smalltalk-80} dialect for defining
                 primitive methods",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "140--140",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "QUICKTALK is a dialect of Smalltalk-80 that can be
                 compiled directly into native machine code, instead of
                 virtual machine bytecodes. The dialect includes
                 ``hints'' on the class of method arguments, instance
                 variables, and class variables. We designed the dialect
                 to describe primitive Smalltalk methods. QUICKTALK
                 achieves improved performance over bytecodes by
                 eliminating the interpreter loop on bytecode execution,
                 by reducing the number of message send/returns via
                 binding some target methods at compilation, and by
                 eliminating redundant class checking. We identify
                 changes to the Smalltalk-80 system and compiler to
                 support the dialect, and give performance
                 measurements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "Portland, OR, USA; 29 Sept.-2 Oct. 1986",
  conftitle =    "OOPSLA '86. Object-Oriented Programming Systems,
                 Languages and Applications. Conference Proceedings",
  corpsource =   "Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, OR, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "bytecode execution; bytecodes; high level languages;
                 interpreter loop; machine code; performance
                 measurements; primitive methods; QUICKTALK; redundant
                 class checking; Smalltalk-80; virtual machine
                 bytecodes",
  owner =        "manning",
  pubcountry =   "USA A14",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Bernat:1986:IIG,
  author =       "Andrew P. Bernat",
  title =        "An interactive interpreter\slash graphic-simulator for
                 {IBM S\slash 370} architecture assembly language",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13--16",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/15075.15078",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 07:38:26 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Bhaskar:1986:VIO,
  author =       "K. S. Bhaskar and J. K. Peckol and J. L. Beug",
  title =        "{Virtual Instruments}: object-oriented program
                 synthesis",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "303--303",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6115 (Programming support); C7410D (Electronic
                 engineering)",
  conflocation = "Portland, OR, USA; 29 Sept.-2 Oct. 1986",
  conftitle =    "OOPSLA '86. Object-Oriented Programming Systems,
                 Languages and Applications. Conference Proceedings",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "automatic test equipment; Berkeley Smalltalk;
                 bottom-up synthesis; human interface models; interface
                 models; object-oriented program synthesis; programming
                 environment; programming environments; programming
                 paradigm; software development; SUN workstation; test
                 engineers; user interfaces; Virtual Instruments;
                 virtual machines",
  pubcountry =   "USA B05",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Danvy:1986:LVM,
  author =       "Olivier Danvy",
  title =        "{LILA}: a Virtual Machine for Functional and
                 Declarative Languages",
  number =       "86--38",
  institution =  "LITP, France",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1986",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Workshop on Future Directions in Computer Science and
                 Software",
}

@TechReport{Dunigan:1986:DHM,
  author =       "T. W. Dunigan",
  title =        "{Denelcor HEP} Multiprocessor Simulator",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "ORNL/TM-9971",
  institution =  "Engineering Physics and Mathematics Division,
                 Mathematical Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National
                 Laboratory",
  address =      "Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA",
  pages =        "iv + 22",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 08:11:58 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/1986/3445600639931.pdf",
  abstract =     "The structure and use of a simulator for the Denelcor
                 HEP multiprocessor are described. The simulator
                 provides a multitasking environment for the development
                 of parallel programs in C or FORTRAN using a library of
                 subroutines that simulate the parallel programming
                 constructs available on the HEP, a shared-memory
                 multiprocessor. The simulator also provides a trace
                 file that can be used for debugging, performance
                 analysis, or graphical display.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Abstract / 1 \\
                 1. Overview / 1 \\
                 1.1 Introduction / 1 \\
                 1.2 Simulator structure / 1 \\
                 1.3 HEP architecture / 2 \\
                 2. User's Guide / 3 \\
                 2.1 Simulator subroutines / 3 \\
                 2.2 Trace file and post-processors / \\
                 2.3 Sample session / \\
                 2.4 FORTRAN interface / \\
                 2.5 Debugging / 11 \\
                 Acknowledgements / 13 \\
                 References / 14 \\
                 Appendix A: Simulator Manual Pages / 15",
}

@InProceedings{Genter:1986:UVM,
  author =       "Robert E. (Rick) Genter",
  title =        "{Unix} as a Virtual Machine Environment",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1986:SCP",
  pages =        "475--485",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 07:24:24 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "BBN Laboratories Inc.",
}

@Article{Ishikawa:1986:COO,
  author =       "Y. Ishikawa and M. Tokoro",
  title =        "A concurrent object-oriented knowledge representation
                 language {Orient 84\slash K}: its features and
                 implementation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "232--232",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  conflocation = "Portland, OR, USA; 29 Sept.-2 Oct. 1986",
  conftitle =    "OOPSLA '86. Object-Oriented Programming Systems,
                 Languages and Applications. Conference Proceedings",
  corpsource =   "Department of Electr. Eng., Keio Univ., Yokohama,
                 Japan",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "behavior part; concurrent object oriented language;
                 concurrent object-oriented knowledge representation
                 language; high level languages; implementation issues;
                 knowledge systems; knowledge-base part; monitor part;
                 multiprocessing programs; object framework; Orient
                 84/K; virtual machine",
  pubcountry =   "USA A23",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Lee:1986:DSE,
  author =       "Joon Sup Lee",
  title =        "{Dartmouth-Smalltalk: An Exercise in Implementation}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "PCS-TR86-108",
  institution =  "Dartmouth College, Computer Science",
  address =      "Hanover, NH, USA",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "January 20, 1995",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This report discusses a preliminary implementation of
                 the Smalltalk-80 virtual machine for VAX/Unix.",
}

@TechReport{McDonald:1986:TND,
  author =       "D. McDonald and J. Brooks and B. Woolf and P. Werner",
  title =        "Transition Networks for Discourse Management",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "UM-CS-1986-034",
  institution =  "University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Computer
                 Science",
  day =          "31",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "April 3, 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Transition networks are a natural notation for
                 formalizing the space of actions and interpretations
                 through which a program must navigate when holding a
                 conversation with a human user [7], [19]. However,
                 dissatisfaction with the augmented transition network
                 formalism that we used in earlier work on tutoring
                 dialogs [28] has led us to develop the new formalism
                 that we present in this paper. We have implemented a
                 program framework --- a virtual machine --- that
                 defines a node and arc notation interpreted
                 semantically in terms of situations (arcs) that dictate
                 the actions (nodes) that the system is to take. Our
                 work is based on analyses of recorded conversations and
                 grounded in an experimental man-machine interface by
                 which a human lawyer would get advice from a legal
                 reasoning program. We present the motivations behind a
                 discourse manager and its place within a man-machine
                 interface, a definition of our formalism, and
                 illustrations of its use in two different domains.",
  notes =        "This report is only available in hardcopy form. For
                 ordering hard copies of reports which are currently
                 unavailable via ftp, please send email to:
                 techrept@cs.umass.edu U.S. mail to: Librarian Computer
                 Science Department Lederle Graduate Research Center
                 University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ma. 01003",
  retrieval =    "Send email to techrept@cs.umass.edu",
  revision =     "April 3, 1996",
}

@Article{Samples:1986:SSB,
  author =       "A. Dain Samples and David Ungar and Paul Hilfinger",
  key =          "Samples \& Ungar \& Hilfinger",
  title =        "{SOAR}: {Smalltalk} without bytecodes",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "107--118",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "OOPSLA '86 Conference Proceedings, Norman Meyrowitz
                 (editor), September 1986, Portland, Oregon.",
  abstract =     "We have implemented Smalltalk-80 on an
                 instruction-level simulator for a RISC microcomputer
                 called SOAR. Measurements suggest that even a
                 conventional computer can provide high performance for
                 Smalltalk-80 by abandoning the `Smalltalk Virtual
                 Machine' in favor of compiling Smalltalk directly to
                 SOAR machine code, linearizing the object table, and
                 replacing reference counting with a new technique
                 called Generation Scavenging. In order to implement
                 these techniques, we had to find new ways of hashing
                 objects, accessing often-used objects, invoking blocks,
                 referencing activation records, managing activation
                 record stacks, and converting the virtual machine
                 images.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "High performance for Smalltalk-80 results from
                 abandoning the Smalltalk Virtual Machine, compiling
                 directly into machine code, linearizing the activation
                 records on the stack, eliminating the object table, and
                 replacing reference counting with generation
                 scavenging. 22 references.",
  classification = "C6140 (Programming languages); C6150 (Systems
                 software)",
  conflocation = "Portland, OR, USA; 29 Sept.-2 Oct. 1986",
  conftitle =    "OOPSLA '86. Object-Oriented Programming Systems,
                 Languages and Applications. Conference Proceedings",
  corpsource =   "Department of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci.,
                 California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "activation records; bytecodes; Generation Scavenging;
                 hashing objects; instruction level simulator; invoking
                 blocks; microcomputers; often-used objects; programming
                 languages; reference counting; RISC microcomputer;
                 SOAR; SOAR machine code; virtual machine images;
                 virtual machine images invoking blocks; virtual
                 machines",
  owner =        "manning",
  pubcountry =   "USA A11",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Schoen:1986:CS,
  author =       "Eric Schoen",
  title =        "The {CAOS} System",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-86-1125",
  institution =  "Stanford University, Department of Computer Science",
  pages =        "76",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "May 01, 1995",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The CAOS system is a framework designed to facilitate
                 the development of highly concurrent real-time signal
                 interpretation applications. It explores the potential
                 of multiprocessor architectures to improve the
                 performance of expert systems in the domain of signal
                 interpretation. CAOS is implemented in Lisp on a
                 (simulated) collection of processor-memory sites,
                 linked by a high-speed communications subsystem. The
                 {"virtual} {machine"} on which it depends provides
                 remote evaluation and packet-based message exchange
                 between processes, using virtual circuits known as
                 streams. To this presentation layer, CAOS adds (1) a
                 flexible process scheduler, and (2) an object-centered
                 notion of agents, dynamically-instantiable entities
                 which model interpreted signal features. This report
                 documents the principal ideas, programming model, and
                 implementation of CAOS. A model of real-time signal
                 interpretation, based on replicated {"abstraction"}
                 pipelines, is presented. For some applications, this
                 model offers a means by which large numbers of
                 processors may be utilized without introducing
                 synchronization-necessitated software bottlenecks. The
                 report concludes with a description of the performance
                 of a large CAOS application over various sizes of
                 multiprocessor configurations. Lessons about problem
                 decomposition grain size, global problem solving
                 control strategy, and appropriate service provided to
                 CAOS by the underlying architecture are discussed.",
  notes =        "[Adminitrivia V1/Prg/19950501]",
}

@Article{Voelcker:1986:MYP,
  author =       "J. Voelcker",
  title =        "Making your {PC} behave like another",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "61--67",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.1986.6371117",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 20 06:41:24 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeespectrum1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Spectrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6",
  keywords =     "emulation; Emulation; emulators; microcomputers;
                 Microcomputers; Microprocessors; PC; personal computer;
                 Read only memory; Registers; Software; specifications;
                 virtual machines",
}

@PhdThesis{Watson:1986:PRL,
  author =       "Paul Watson",
  title =        "The Parallel Reduction of Lambda Calculus Expression",
  school =       "University of Manchester",
  pages =        "133",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1986",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Also available as UMCS-87-2-1",
  abstract =     "Models of computation for the evaluation of Functional
                 Programs are based on the rules for reducing Lambda
                 Calculus expressions. Reduction is achieved by the
                 application of the b-conversion rule to suitable
                 redexes, but few models of computation provide a full
                 implementation of this rule because of the complexity
                 of avoiding variable name clashes. Consequently,
                 evaluation orders are restricted to those in which name
                 clashes cannot occur. This thesis develops a model of
                 computation for the parallel reduction of Lambda
                 Calculus expressions, represented in De Bruijn's
                 name-free notation, which does provide a full
                 implementation of b-conversion, allowing expression to
                 be reduced by any evaluation order. The model is
                 designed to allow reduction to be performed on a
                 parallel machine comprised of a set of processor/store
                 pairs connected by a communications network. A data-
                 driven, graph reduction execution mechanism is used to
                 exploit the parallel hardware efficiently. A language
                 for specifying graph reduction models of computation is
                 proposed, and is used to give full specification of the
                 Lambda Calculus reduction model. Specifications in the
                 language can be compiled to the instruction set of a
                 virtual machine. The code produced can then be executed
                 by a virtual machine emulator, or could be recompiled
                 to the order code of a physical processor to allow the
                 high performance simulation of models of computation.
                 The virtual machine is used as the foundation for the
                 design of a physical machine which would support the
                 parallel reduction of lambda calculus expressions. One
                 of the major issues in the design of graph reduction
                 models of computation is the removal of redundant parts
                 of the expression graph. Neither of the two standard
                 Garbage Collection schemes: Reference Count, or
                 Mark-Scan is entirely suitable for a distributed
                 machine, mainly because of the synchronisation they
                 require. A modified Reference Garbage Collection scheme
                 is described which removes the need for
                 synchronisation, and enhances some of the attractive
                 properties of Reference Count Garbage Collection.",
}

@TechReport{Baden:1987:RTP,
  author =       "Scott B. Baden",
  title =        "Run-Time Partitioning of Scientific Continuum
                 Calculations Running on Multiprocessors",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CSD-87-366",
  institution =  "University of California, Berkeley",
  pages =        "154",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "June 10, 1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A wide range of scientific continuum calculations
                 typically concentrate computational effort
                 non-uniformly over localized regions of physical space.
                 We present a run-time partitioning strategy, intended
                 for such methods, that distributes work evenly across a
                 team of processors and that can exploit the spatial
                 localization present in the original computation in
                 order to avoid high overhead costs. We tried out our
                 strategy on Anderson's Methods of Local Corrections, a
                 type of vortex method for computational fluid dynamics.
                 Because computational effort follows particles that
                 congregate and disperse irregularly about the domain,
                 this problem is hard to partition in a way that
                 distributes the work evenly among the processors. We
                 ran experiments on 32 processors of an Intel Personal
                 Scientific Computer-- a message-passing hypercube
                 multiprocessor--and on 4 processors of a Cray X-MP--a
                 shared-memory vector architecture--and achieved good
                 parallel speedups of 22 and 3.6, respectively. The
                 partitioner may be implemented as a virtual machine
                 (VM) and made available to the programmer as a library
                 of run-time utilities. The semantics of the VM are
                 insensitive to the application and to the computer
                 architecture on which the VM are insensitive to the
                 application and to the computer architecture on which
                 the VM is implemented. The VM works with ordinary
                 programming languages, incurs modest overhead costs,
                 and requires no special hardware support. It should
                 apply to diverse applications, including finite
                 difference methods, and to diverse architectures
                 without requiring that the application be reprogrammed
                 extensively for each new architecture.",
  retrieval =    "tiff (in {001-154}.tif)",
}

@Article{Bergh:1987:HEH,
  author =       "Arndt B. Bergh and Keith Keilman and Daniel J.
                 Magenheimer and James A. Miller",
  title =        "{HP} 3000 Emulation on {HP} Precision Architecture
                 Computers",
  journal =      j-HEWLETT-PACKARD-J,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "87--89",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "HPJOAX",
  ISSN =         "0018-1153",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:12:15 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Two software subsystems for HP Precision Architecture
                 machines provide program execution that duplicates that
                 of HP 3000s running the MPE V operating system. The HP
                 3000 Emulator and the HP 3000 Object Code Translator
                 (OCT), provide program execution that duplicates that
                 of MPE V on the non-HP-Precision-Architecture HP 3000s.
                 The Emulator enables a user program to be loaded and
                 run without preparation or modification on an HP
                 Precision Architecture computer with the normal MPE
                 commands. In the case of the OCT, specific action by
                 the user is required to produce a translated program
                 before it can be run in the improved-performance
                 translated mode. This involves no code modification but
                 only a compiler-like invocation of the OCT for
                 translation, after which the target program will
                 automatically execute translated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  fjournal =     "Hewlett-Packard Journal: technical information from
                 the laboratories of Hewlett-Packard Company",
  journalabr =   "Hewlett Packard J",
  keywords =     "3000 Object Code Translator; commercial operating
                 system; compatibility mode; computer architecture;
                 computer operating systems --- Program Compilers;
                 computers; environment; Hewlett Packard computers; HP;
                 HP 3000 emulator; HP 3000 Emulator; HP 3000 object code
                 translator (oct); HP 3000 Series 930; HP Precision
                 Architecture; MPE V; MPE XL operating system; operating
                 systems (computers); program execution; program
                 translation; software portability; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; R Product Review",
}

@InProceedings{Bush:1987:CSR,
  author =       "W. R. Bush and A. D. Samples and D. Ungar and P. N.
                 Hilfinger",
  key =          "Bush et al.",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
                 Architectural Support for Programming Languages and
                 Operating Systems-ASPLOSII",
  title =        "Compiling {Smalltalk-80} to a {RISC}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "112--116",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 16 15:42:30 1987",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The Smalltalk On A RISC project at U.C. Berkeley
                 proves that a high-level object-oriented language can
                 attain high performance on a modified reduced
                 instruction set architecture. The single most important
                 optimization is the removal of a layer of
                 interpretation, compiling the bytecoded virtual machine
                 instructions into low-level, register-based, hardware
                 instructions. This paper describes the compiler and how
                 it was affected by SOAR architectural features. The
                 compiler generates code of reasonable density and
                 speed. Because of Smalltalk-80's semantics, relatively
                 few optimizations are possible, but hardware and
                 software mechanisms at runtime offset these
                 limitations. Register allocation for an architecture
                 with register windows comprises the major task of the
                 compiler. Performance analysis suggests that SOAR is
                 not simple enough; several hardware features could be
                 efficiently replaced by instruction sequences
                 constructed by the compiler.",
  owner =        "manning",
}

@Article{Carr:1987:EUC,
  author =       "Harold Carr and Robert R. Kessler",
  title =        "Emulator for {Utah Common Lisp}'s {Abstract Virtual
                 Register Machine}",
  journal =      j-J-FORTH-APPL-RES,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "JFAREL",
  ISSN =         "0738-2022",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 6 19:54:46 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA",
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "Journal of FORTH Application and Research",
  journalabr =   "J Forth Appl Res",
  keywords =     "abstract virtual register machine; computer operating
                 systems; computer programming languages --- Lisp;
                 forth; Utah Common Lisp; virtual machine emulator",
  pagecount =    "1987",
}

@Article{Donaldson:1987:TOS,
  author =       "John L. Donaldson",
  title =        "Teaching operating systems in a virtual machine
                 environment",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "206--211",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/31726.31759",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 07:38:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Gayer:1987:CPA,
  author =       "Richard Gayer and Catherine M. Beise and G. Scott
                 Owen",
  title =        "Conversion of a {PDP-11\slash 40} assembler and
                 simulator from mainframe {Pascal} to {Ada} on {IBM PC}
                 microcomputers",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "378--381",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/31726.31790",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 07:38:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The assembly language course at Georgia State
                 University is taught using a PDP-11/40 Assembler and
                 Simulator, written in Pascal, running on a Sperry
                 UNIVAC mainframe. In the past two years most of the
                 computer science program has been switched to IBM PC
                 compatible microcomputers. This, coupled with the fact
                 that the UNIVAC system is about to be retired,
                 motivated us to translate the PDP-11/40 system to the
                 microcomputers. The translation is from the mainframe
                 Pascal version to Ada for the PC's. The use of the
                 assembler and simulator, the rationale for the use of
                 Ada, and the problems encountered in the translation
                 are all discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Iacobovici:1987:VSP,
  author =       "S. Iacobovici and C. C. Ng",
  title =        "{VLSI} and System Performance Modeling",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "59--72",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.1987.304883",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B1130B (Computer-aided circuit analysis and design);
                 B2570 (Semiconductor integrated circuits); C7410D
                 (Electronic engineering); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Nat. Semicond., Santa Clara, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
  keywords =     "circuit analysis computing; CPU; digital simulation;
                 evaluation; high-level; high-level simulation
                 environment; PAWS; performance; Performance Analysis
                 Workbench; performance-evaluation; simulation language;
                 simulation languages; System; system performance
                 modeling; virtual machines; VLSI; VLSI chips",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  xxpages =      "59--71",
}

@TechReport{Lau:1987:OCV,
  author =       "A. S. K. Lau",
  title =        "Overview of the {CLIP7} Virtual Machine",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "87/6",
  institution =  "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University
                 College London",
  address =      "London, UK",
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  keywords =     "multiprocessors, architecture, CLIP7",
}

@Article{Maxim:1987:TPA,
  author =       "Bruce R. Maxim and Bruce S. Elenbogen",
  title =        "Teaching programming algorithms aided by computer
                 graphics",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "297--301",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/31726.31775",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 07:38:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Effects of operations on abstract data objects are
                 often difficult for students to comprehend. Visual
                 models can be helpful to students, when the connections
                 among the data object models, virtual machine
                 representations of data objects, and algorithms
                 operating on the data objects are made clear to the
                 students. This paper discusses the design criteria used
                 to develop a series of Pascal programs, implemented on
                 widely used microcomputers, which make use of graphics
                 to illustrate the effects of programming algorithms on
                 common data structures. These programs were designed to
                 be used in classroom demonstrations and by individual
                 students working in the computing laboratory.  A
                 non-machine specific design of an algorithm teacher is
                 proposed. It is a programmed environment to help
                 students in a beginning computer science course learn
                 problem solving skills. This paper provides an overview
                 of the problem, a motivation and justification,
                 followed by a brief description of what the program
                 should provide the student.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Odette:1987:CPF,
  author =       "L. L. Odette",
  title =        "Compiling {Prolog} to {Forth}",
  journal =      j-J-FORTH-APPLIC-RESEARCH,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "487--534",
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The fact that the focus of a Prolog computation is the
                 structure of the program leads directly to a view of a
                 Prolog compiler as a procedure that takes a collection
                 of Prolog clauses and produces a description of their
                 structure that just happens to be executable. Forth
                 lends itself naturally to the description of both
                 structures and processes. In fact, some hold that Forth
                 programming involves creating the parts of speech
                 required to describe an application. This article
                 proposes that for this reason, Forth is a very good
                 language for prototyping Prolog compilers. A simple
                 object language for a Prolog to Forth compiler is
                 presented and discussed.",
  checked =      "19940317",
  keywords =     "source",
  sjb =          "Ignore all but the last sentence of the abstract, the
                 last sentence is what this paper is all about. It
                 describes a virtual machine for executing Prolog, how
                 this virtual machine can be implemented in Forth and
                 how the virtual machine instructions can be created
                 from Prolog source. Appendices contain the code to
                 implement the virtual machine and Prolog to virtual
                 machine mapping. The compiled code is over ten times
                 quicker than the interpreter described
                 in~cite{Odette:Paloski:jfar:1987}. An optimised version
                 has been ported to the NC4000P where it runs the naive
                 reverse benchmark at 6K LIPS at a clock rate of 4MHz.
                 Does {\em not} do garbage collection.",
}

@Article{Umeno:1987:NMR,
  author =       "Hidenori Umeno and Shunji Tanaka",
  title =        "New Methods for Realizing Plural Near-Native
                 Performance Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-36",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1076--1087",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.1987.5009538",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 9 09:28:55 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tc/tc36.html#UmenoT87;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5009538",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  oldlabel =     "UmenoT87",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/tc/UmenoT87",
}

@PhdThesis{Watson:1987:PRL,
  author =       "Paul Watson",
  title =        "The Parallel Reduction of Lambda Calculus Expression",
  type =         "Ph.{D}. Thesis",
  number =       "UMCS-87-2-1",
  school =       "University of Manchester, Computer Science
                 Department",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1987",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/csonly/cstechrep/Abstracts/UMCS-87-2-1.html;
                 mailto:techreports@cs.man.ac.uk",
  abstract =     "Models of computation for the evaluation of Functional
                 Programs are based on the rules for reducing Lambda
                 Calculus expressions. Reduction is achieved by the
                 application of the b-conversion rule to suitable
                 redexes, but few models of computation provide a full
                 implementation of this rule because of the complexity
                 of avoiding variable name clashes. Consequently,
                 evaluation orders are restricted to those in which name
                 clashes cannot occur. \_ This thesis develops a model
                 of computation for the parallel reduction of Lambda
                 Calculus expressions, represented in De Bruijn's
                 name-free notation, which does provide a full
                 implementation of b-conversion, allowing expression to
                 be reduced by any evaluation order. The model is
                 designed to allow reduction to be performed on a
                 parallel machine comprised of a set of processor/store
                 pairs connected by a communications network. A data-
                 driven, graph reduction execution mechanism is used to
                 exploit the parallel hardware efficiently. \_ A
                 language for specifying graph reduction models of
                 computation is proposed, and is used to give full
                 specification of the Lambda Calculus reduction model.
                 Specifications in the language can be compiled to the
                 instruction set of a virtual machine. The code produced
                 can then be executed by a virtual machine emulator, or
                 could be recompiled to the order code of a physical
                 processor to allow the high performance simulation of
                 models of computation. The virtual machine is used as
                 the foundation for the design of a physical machine
                 which would support the parallel reduction of lambda
                 calculus expressions. \_ One of the major issues in the
                 design of graph reduction models of computation is the
                 removal of redundant parts of the expression graph.
                 Neither of the two standard Garbage Collection schemes:
                 Reference Count, or Mark-Scan is entirely suitable for
                 a distributed machine, mainly because of the
                 synchronisation they require. A modified Reference
                 Garbage Collection scheme is described which removes
                 the need for synchronisation, and enhances some of the
                 attractive properties of Reference Count Garbage
                 Collection.",
}

@Article{Bodlaender:1988:CFU,
  author =       "Hans L. Bodlaender",
  title =        "The complexity of finding uniform emulations on fixed
                 graphs",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "137--141",
  day =          "26",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  MRclass =      "68Q25 (05C99 68R10)",
  MRnumber =     "90e:68044",
  MRreviewer =   "Pavel Tomasta",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 11 12:16:26 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Utrecht, Neth",
  classification = "722; 723; 921; C4240 (Programming and algorithm
                 theory)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci., Utrecht Univ.,
                 Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190",
  journalabr =   "Inf Process Lett",
  keywords =     "complexity; computational complexity; Computer
                 Simulation; Computer Systems, Digital; directed graphs;
                 Fixed Graphs; fixed graphs; graph theory; Mathematical
                 Techniques--Graph Theory; NP-complete; NP-completeness;
                 parallel algorithms; Parallel Processing; Processor
                 Networks; structure-preserving simulations; theory;
                 Uniform Emulations; uniform emulations; verification;
                 virtual machines",
  subject =      "F.1.2 Theory of Computation, COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT
                 DEVICES, Modes of Computation, Parallelism \\ F.1.3
                 Theory of Computation, COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES,
                 Complexity Classes, Reducibility and completeness \\
                 G.2.m Mathematics of Computing, DISCRETE MATHEMATICS,
                 Miscellaneous \\ G.1.0 Mathematics of Computing,
                 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General, Parallel algorithms",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Donahue:1988:UAL,
  author =       "Barry Donahue",
  title =        "Using assembly language to teach concepts in the
                 introductory course",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "158--162",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/52965.53003",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:05 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "While current trends in the teaching of the
                 introductory course are very positive, several problems
                 still remain to be faced. Among these are: A basic
                 understanding of the operation of a computer. An
                 emphasis on concept development rather than skill
                 development. A proper historical perspective of
                 computer science. To help remove these deficiencies, a
                 very simple virtual machine is introduced. Beginning
                 students learn to program on this machine with a very
                 limited instruction set. Many topics related to
                 software engineering, data structures, algorithm
                 design, etc. are introduced in a top down fashion with
                 details being developed with the aid of the virtual
                 machine. When a high level language is introduced,
                 students progress more rapidly and with a greater
                 understanding of what is taking place in the machine.
                 Students also develop a feel for computer science as a
                 dynamic field and tend not to think of a particular
                 language as being what computer science is.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@TechReport{Gilbert:1988:TSW,
  author =       "P. (Paul) Gilbert and others",
  title =        "Typed {Smalltalk} working papers, 1988",
  volume =       "UIUCDCS-R-88-1457; UILU-ENG-88-1762",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois
                 at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana 61801, IL, USA",
  pages =        "118",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1988",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .I4 no. 1457; QA76.73.S59",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "A user's guide to Typed Smalltalk / Ralph E. Johnson
                 and Justin O. Graver -- High level optimization in a
                 Typed Smalltalk compiler / by Joseph Patrick Loyall
                 (iii, 44 p.) -- The virtual machine architecture of
                 Typed Smalltalk / Ralph E. Johnson, Lawrence W.
                 Zurawski -- An implementation-independent definition of
                 Smalltalk execution contexts / Lawrence W. Zurawski --
                 Creating stand-alone Smalltalk applications / Paul D.
                 Gilbert.",
  subject =      "Smalltalk (Computer program language); Object-oriented
                 programming (Computer science)",
}

@Manual{IBM:1988:VMSa,
  author =       "{IBM Corporation}",
  title =        "Virtual machine \slash{} extended architecture system
                 product: application development guide for {FORTRAN}
                 and {COBOL}",
  organization = pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "iii--x + 263",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Index. ``SC23-0369-0.'' ``Licensed program
                 5664-308''.",
  keywords =     "IBM Manuals.",
}

@Manual{IBM:1988:VMSb,
  author =       "{International Business Machines Corporation}",
  title =        "Virtual machine \slash{} system product: application
                 development guide for {FORTRAN} and {COBOL}",
  organization = pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "x + 280",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Spine title: VM/SP Application Development Guide for
                 FORTRAN and COBOL. ``SC24-5247-03.'' ``July 1988''
                 ``File number S370/4300-50.'' Includes index.
                 Bibliography: p.263-266.",
  keywords =     "Virtual computer systems.",
}

@Article{Janakiram:1988:RPB,
  author =       "V. K. Janakiram and E. F. Gehringer and D. P. Agrawal
                 and Mehrotra and R.",
  title =        "A randomized parallel branch-and-bound algorithm",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "277--301",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 26 11:04:14 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0885-7458&volume=17&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C5470
                 (Performance evaluation and testing); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "AT and T Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA",
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
  keywords =     "computational complexity; knapsack problem;
                 multiprocessor simulator; parallel algorithms; parallel
                 branch-and-bound algorithm; parallel deterministic
                 algorithms; performance evaluation; randomized
                 algorithms; reliability; software reliability; speedup
                 bounds; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Kermarrec:1988:SEA,
  author =       "Y. Kermarrec",
  title =        "Some experiments with {Ada}",
  journal =      j-ADA-USER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "79--82",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "ADUSEB",
  ISSN =         "0268-652X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 8 18:43:50 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department Inf. et Reseaux, Ecole Nat. Sup{\'e}rieure
                 des Telecommun. de Bretagne, Brest, France",
  fjournal =     "Ada User",
  keywords =     "Ada; Ada programming language; computer networks;
                 distributed algorithms; Occam; Occam debugging;
                 parallel programming; program debugging; transputer
                 network simulator; transputers; virtual machines",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InCollection{Low:1988:SPO,
  author =       "C. Low",
  editor =       "S. Gjessing and K. Nygaard",
  booktitle =    "ECOOP '88 European Conference on Object-Oriented
                 Programming",
  title =        "A Shared, Persistent Object Store",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "390--410",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1988",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Smalltalk-80 is presented as a useful testbed for
                 prototyping applications involving shared, persistent
                 objects, and a detailed design of a shared persistent
                 object store is discussed. The store is a set of named
                 containers for object state, and it provides low-cost
                 atomic transactions using an optimistic synchronization
                 technique. The standard Smalltalk-80 virtual machine is
                 modified to support a new object class, the
                 Transaction,and an example of a Smalltalk program using
                 nested sub-transactions is given. Immutability of
                 object state is identified both as an important
                 property of objects, and a basis for producing an
                 efficient implementation within a distributed system
                 environment.",
  keywords =     "Persistent Objects",
}

@Article{Sandberg:1988:EOO,
  author =       "David W. Sandberg",
  title =        "Experience With an Object-oriented Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "415--426 (or 415--425??)",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{So:1988:PLV,
  author =       "K. So and V. Zecca",
  title =        "Program locality of vectorized applications running on
                 the {IBM} 3090 with {Vector Facility}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "436--452",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "An Instruction-level simulator is used to study the
                 program locality of large scientific applications. The
                 simulator, which models an IBM 3090 processor with
                 Vector Facility and a cache, was developed to help a
                 programmer improve the performance of an application
                 through better understanding and use of the Vector
                 Facility and the memory hierarchy of the IBM 3090
                 system. The main observations on a set of scientific
                 applications are as follows: although the applications
                 have different characteristics of memory accesses and
                 vectorization, their program locality is high enough to
                 take advantage of conventional cache structures; the
                 cache hit ratio of the vector execution can be quite
                 different from (but not significantly lower than) that
                 of the scalar execution of the same application; and
                 the application programs that are written to optimize
                 the use of the memory hierarchy in the system generally
                 result in higher cache hit ratios than the others. The
                 cache performance of these applications with respect to
                 various cache parameters is also presented. In
                 particular, the study finds that the cache structure of
                 the IBM 3090 is well suited for large scientific
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Res. Div., Yorktown Heights, NY, USA",
  classification = "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques); C5470
                 (Performance evaluation and testing); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Cache performance; Conventional cache structures;
                 design, Instruction-level simulator; IBM 3090;
                 measurement; performance; Scientific applications;
                 Vector Facility",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  subject =      "C.4 Computer Systems Organization, PERFORMANCE OF
                 SYSTEMS \\ C.5.3 Computer Systems Organization,
                 COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, Microcomputers \\ B.3.2
                 Hardware, MEMORY STRUCTURES, Design Styles, Cache
                 memories",
  thesaurus =    "Buffer storage; IBM computers; Parallel machines;
                 Performance evaluation; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Tucker:1988:AAC,
  author =       "Lewis W. Tucker and George G. Robertson",
  title =        "Architecture and Applications of the {Connection
                 Machine}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "8",
  institution =  "TMC",
  pages =        "26--38",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 17 16:07:35 1996",
  bibsource =    "Database/Graefe.bib; Graphics/rosenfeld/1988.bib;
                 Graphics/vision.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Misc/IMMD_IV.bib; Parallel/par.misc.bib",
  annote =       "I think this is a better article than the Scientific
                 American or other papers I've seen on this. --enm There
                 is some salesmanship.",
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
  keywords =     "CM, CM-2, data vault, virtual machines, nexus, *LISP,
                 C*, SIMD, image analysis example,, Thinking Machines,
                 image processing, digital",
}

@Article{Birmingham:1989:MSC,
  author =       "William P. Birmingham and Anurag P. Gupta and Daniel
                 P. Siewiorek",
  title =        "The {Micon} System for Computer Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "61--67",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/40.45823",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
  classcodes =   "C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; computer; Computer Hardware;
                 Computers, Microcomputer--Design; databases; Design;
                 design; Design Automation; design synthesis; Micon
                 system; microprocessor configurer system; tool
                 environment; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; R Product Review",
  xxauthor =     "W. P. Birmingham and D. P. Siewiorek and A. P. Gupta",
}

@Article{Blandy:1989:VSM,
  author =       "G. O. Blandy and S. R. Newson",
  title =        "{VM\slash XA} storage management",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "175--191",
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The VM/XA System Product manages the vast amounts of
                 real and expanded storage available on the new
                 Enterprise Systems Architecture/370 processors for both
                 guest use and support of internal operating system
                 functions. The management algorithms are examined, and
                 the rationale for their selection is presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Data Syst. Div., Kingston, NY, USA",
  classification = "C5220 (Computer architecture); C5420 (Mainframes and
                 minicomputers); C6120 (File organisation); C6150J
                 (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Enterprise Systems Architecture/370; Expanded storage;
                 Guest use; IBM; Internal operating system functions;
                 Mainframes; Storage management; Virtual machines;
                 VM/XA",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Computer architecture; IBM computers; Mainframes;
                 Storage allocation; Storage management; Virtual
                 machines; Virtual storage",
}

@TechReport{Blelloch:1989:SPP,
  author =       "G. E. Blelloch",
  title =        "{SCAN} {PRIMITIVES} {AND} {PARALLEL} {VECTOR}
                 {MODELS}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "MIT/LCS/TR-463",
  institution =  "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for
                 Computer Science",
  pages =        "256",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "February 25, 1995",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Cost is \$26. Date: Oct. 1989 Keywords: parallel
                 algorithms, parallel computing, P-RAM, parallel
                 compilers, data-parallel, scan operation, vector
                 models",
  abstract =     "This thesis defines a class of machine models called
                 parallel vector models and demonstrates that these
                 models are excellent both as algorithmic models on
                 which the complexity of algorithms can be analyzed, and
                 as instruction sets for virtual machines to which very
                 high-level programming languages can be compiled. As
                 algorithmic models, the thesis argues that the parallel
                 vector models permit a simpler and more concise
                 description and complexity analysis of algorithms than
                 the Parallel-RAM models. The thesis describes and
                 analyzes a broad variety of parallel algorithms in the
                 parallel vector models ranging from graph algorithms to
                 numerical algorithms. The thesis also describes a
                 compiler that compiles a high-level language,
                 PARALATION LISP, into the models and describes how the
                 models can be implemented on an actual parallel
                 machine, the Connection Machine. A set of scan
                 primitives and a set of segmented primitives play a
                 crucial role in the algorithms and the algorithms and
                 the compiler described in the thesis. The scan
                 primitives can be used for a huge variety of tasks and
                 improve the asymptotic complexity of many algorithms by
                 an O (lg n) factor. The segmented instructions can be
                 used to execute a vector routine over many sets of
                 values in parallel. They form the foundation of a
                 technique for flattening nested parallelism used by the
                 compiler.",
  notes =        "Cost is \$26. Date: Oct. 1989 Keywords: parallel
                 algorithms, parallel computing, P-RAM, parallel
                 compilers, data-parallel, scan operation, vector
                 models",
}

@Article{Bozman:1989:VSM,
  author =       "G. P. Bozman",
  title =        "{VM\slash XA SP2} minidisk cache",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "165--174",
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Given the growing disparity between CPU power and the
                 speed of secondary storage, a data cache exploiting
                 large processor storage has the potential to improve
                 response time dramatically in many situations. The
                 VM/XA SP2 minidisk cache facility, the result of
                 research activity on the characteristics of interactive
                 file-system activity, uses expanded storage to cache
                 input/output to minidisks on the Conversational Monitor
                 System. The size of the cache is dynamically adjusted
                 by an arbitration process to optimize system
                 performance. Several other functions improve the
                 performance of the cache during periods of unusual I/O
                 loads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Res. Div., T. J. Watson Res. Center, Yorktown
                 Heights, NY, USA",
  classification = "C5320C (Storage on moving magnetic media); C5320G
                 (Semiconductor storage); C6150J (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Conversational Monitor System; CPU power; Data cache;
                 Expanded storage; I/O loads; IBM; Input/output;
                 Interactive file-system activity; Large processor
                 storage; Response time; Secondary storage; System
                 performance; Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture;
                 VM/XA SP2 minidisk cache",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "Buffer storage; IBM computers; Magnetic disc storage;
                 Storage allocation; Storage management",
}

@TechReport{Brorsson:1989:ESV,
  author =       "Mats Brorsson",
  key =          "198910",
  title =        "{Emulation of Shared Virtual Memory on an Experimental
                 Multiprocessor}",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Engineering, Lund University",
  address =      "P.O. Box 118, S-221~00 Lund, Sweden",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "The performance of a paged virtual memory system is
                 relative to program behaviour, which makes it important
                 to use realistic workloads in the evaluation. Memory
                 traces are often used to drive simulation models of
                 paging performance. In the case of multiprocessors,
                 however, the complex interactions between parallel
                 processes cannot be captured by static traces. An
                 experimental environment for performance evaluation of
                 shared virtual memory systems on a class of
                 multiprocessors has been developed. It is based on
                 emulation of memory structures in software, which
                 combines the flexibility of simulation with the
                 efficiency of dedicated hardware. Each memory reference
                 is handled by software executed on special purpose
                 emulation hardware, which makes it possible to
                 implement a wide range of memory management mechanisms.
                 By combining hardware (containing 38 processing
                 elements) with emulation software, virtual machines
                 capable of executing real life parallel programs are
                 created. Non-invasive run-time measurements targeted
                 for each particular experiment can be done by means of
                 'software probes' integrated in the emulation software.
                 In order to show how the experimental system can be
                 used, a particular decentralized virtual memory
                 management scheme has been implemented. It is based on
                 a generalized version of the Denning working set policy
                 also handling shared pages. As part of the example,
                 facilities for automatic experimental control and
                 graphical result presentation are demonstrated.",
  ftp =          "dit.lth.se:/pub/techreports/complete-papers/Dt-070.ps.Z",
  location =     "070",
}

@TechReport{Demillo:1989:DSC,
  author =       "Richard A. Demillo and Richard J. Lipton",
  title =        "Defining Software by Continuous, Smooth Functions",
  number =       "SERC-TR-49-P",
  institution =  "Software Engineering Research Centre",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A simple proof is given that for every operational
                 description of a software system expressed as a
                 discrete state transition function on a virtual machine
                 there is a continuous smooth function on the reals that
                 agrees with the state transition function on all legal
                 states and has exactly the same complexity. An
                 implication of this result is that there is no reason
                 in principle that the methods of classical analysis
                 cannot be used in software engineering.",
}

@Article{Farrow:1989:VCB,
  author =       "Rodney Farrow and Alec G. Stanculescu",
  title =        "A {VHDL} compiler based on attribute grammar
                 methodology",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "120--130",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:15:41 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/pldi/73141/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pldi/73141/p120-farrow/",
  abstract =     "This paper presents aspects of a compiler for a new
                 hardware description language (VHDL) written using
                 attribute grammar techniques. VHDL is introduced, along
                 with the new compiler challenges brought by a language
                 that extends an Ada subset for the purpose of
                 describing hardware. Attribute grammar programming
                 solutions are presented for some of the language
                 challenges. The organization of the compiler and of the
                 target virtual machine represented by the simulation
                 kernel are discussed, and performance and code-size
                 figures are presented. The paper concludes that
                 attribute grammars can be used for large commercial
                 compilers with excellent results in terms of rapid
                 development time and enhanced maintainability, and
                 without paying any substantial penalty in terms of
                 either the complexity of the language that can be
                 handled or the resulting compilation speed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Published as part of the Proceedings of PLDI'89.",
  classification = "722; 723",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the SIGPLAN '89 Conference on
                 Programming Language Design and Implementation",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  journalabr =   "SIGPLAN Not",
  keywords =     "Attribute Grammar Methodology; Computer Hardware
                 Description Languages; Computer Operating
                 Systems--Program Compilers; Computer Programming
                 Languages--Ada; Design; design; languages",
  meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Jun 21--23 1989",
  meetingdate2 = "06/21--23/89",
  sponsor =      "ACM, Special Interest Group on Programming Languages,
                 New York; SS NY, USA",
  subject =      "{\bf B.6.3} Hardware, LOGIC DESIGN, Design Aids,
                 Hardware description languages. {\bf D.3.4} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Compilers. {\bf
                 D.2.10} Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Design**,
                 Methodologies**.",
}

@Article{Giacalone:1989:FSI,
  author =       "Alessandro Giacalone and Prateek Mishra and Sanjiva
                 Prasad",
  title =        "{FACILE}: a Symmetric Integration of Concurrent and
                 Functional Programming",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "121--160",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01491213",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 6 16:39:43 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0885-7458&volume=18&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Misc/Functional.bib; Parallel/Pfpbib.bib",
  note =         "Also in TAPSOFT '89, ed. J. Diaz and F. Orejas, pp.
                 184-209, Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer
                 Science 352 (1989).",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0885-7458&volume=18&issue=2&spage=121",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4220 (Automata theory); C6110 (Systems analysis and
                 programming); C6140D (High level languages); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci., State Univ. of New York,
                 Stony Brook, NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
  keywords =     "abstract model; automata theory; C-FAM; compilation
                 rules; Concurrent and Functional Abstract Machine;
                 concurrent processes; execution rules; expression
                 evaluation; Facile; functional programming; high level
                 languages; labeled transition system; multi-paradigm
                 languages; operational behavior; operational semantics;
                 parallel programming; structural operational semantics;
                 virtual machines",
  treatment =    "B Bibliography; P Practical",
}

@Article{Perez-Cazares:1989:DAL,
  author =       "J.-R. Perez-Cazares and R. Rannou",
  title =        "Developing an Animated Local Network Simulator",
  journal =      j-CGF,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "139--142",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "CGFODY",
  ISSN =         "0167-7055 (print), 1467-8659 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-7055",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 14 10:23:20 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Ecole Natl Sup{\'e}rieure des Telecommunications de
                 Bretagne",
  affiliationaddress = "Brest, Fr",
  classification = "718; 723; C5620L (Local area networks); C6110
                 (Systems analysis and programming); C6130B (Graphics
                 techniques); C7430 (Computer engineering); C7810C
                 (Computer-aided instruction)",
  conference =   "7th Annual Eurographic (UK) Conference",
  conflocation = "Manchester, UK; 29--31 March 1989",
  conftitle =    "7th EUROGRAPHICS UK Conference",
  corpsource =   "Lab. Infor. de Brest Ecole Nat. Sup{\'e}rieure des
                 Telecommun. de Bretagne, Brest, France",
  fjournal =     "Com{\-}pu{\-}ter Graphics Forum",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8659/",
  keywords =     "Ada; Ada code; animated; Animated environment;
                 animated local network; Animated local network
                 simulator; Animation; computer aided instruction;
                 computer animation; Computer Graphics; Computer
                 Networks--Local Networks; Computer Programming
                 Languages--Ada; Computer Simulation--Applications;
                 Design methodology; design methodology; design process;
                 Design process; designer; digital; distributed systems
                 research group; Distributed systems research group;
                 environment; graphical; Graphical representation; IEEE
                 animated network simulator; internal behaviour;
                 Internal behaviour; languages, IEEE animated network
                 simulator; local area networks; methods; network;
                 Network designer; Object-Oriented Development, design;
                 parallelism; Parallelism; pictorial; Pictorial methods;
                 representation; simulation; simulator; Software
                 engineering; software engineering; teaching support;
                 Teaching support; teaching support; virtual machines",
  meetingaddress = "Manchester, Engl",
  meetingdate =  "Mar 29--31 1989",
  meetingdate2 = "03/29--31/89",
  subject =      "I.3.5 Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS,
                 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling, Modeling
                 packages \\ C.2.5 Computer Systems Organization,
                 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, Local Networks \\
                 I.3.7 Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS,
                 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism, Animation",
  thesaurus =    "Ada; Computer aided instruction; Computer animation;
                 Digital simulation; Local area networks; Software
                 engineering; Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Scott:1989:EOS,
  author =       "M. L. Scott and T. J. LeBlanc and B. D. Marsh",
  title =        "Evolution of an Operating System for Large-Scale
                 Shared-Memory Multiprocessors",
  type =         "TR",
  number =       "TR309",
  institution =  "University of Rochester, Computer Science Department",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1989",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Thu, 17 Jul 97 09:00:00 GMT",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.rochester.edu/pub/papers/systems/89.TR309.Psyche_Evolution.ps.Z",
  abstract =     "Scalable shared-memory multiprocessors (those with
                 non-uniform memory access times) are among the most
                 flexible architectures for high-performance parallel
                 computing, admitting efficient implementations of a
                 wide range of process models, communication mechanisms,
                 and granularities of parallelism. Such machines present
                 opportunities for general-purpose parallel computing
                 that cannot be exploited by existing operating systems,
                 because the traditional approach to operating system
                 design presents a virtual machine in which the
                 definition of processes, communication, and grain size
                 are outside the control of the user. Psyche is an
                 operating system designed to enable the most effective
                 use possible of large-scale shared memory
                 multiprocessors. The Psyche project is characterized by
                 (1) a design that permits the implementation of
                 multiple models of parallelism, both within and among
                 applications, (2) the ability to trade protection for
                 performance, with information sharings as the default,
                 rather than the exception, (3) explicit, user-level
                 control of process structure and scheduling, and (4) a
                 kernel implementation that uses shared memory itself,
                 and that provides users with the illusion of uniform
                 memory access times.\par

                 The postscript here was reconstructed from old troff
                 source, and does not match the formatting of the
                 hard-copy TR. In particular, the bibliography has
                 re-built from a newer database, and in several cases
                 cites newer versions of papers -- versions that
                 postdate the TR.",
  annote =       "Scalable shared-memory multiprocessors (those with
                 non-uniform memory access times) are among the most
                 flexible architectures for high-performance parallel
                 computing, admitting efficient implementations of a
                 wide range of process models, communication mechanisms,
                 and granularities of parallelism. Such machines present
                 opportunities for general-purpose parallel computing
                 that cannot be exploited by existing operating systems,
                 because the traditional approach to operating system
                 design presents a virtual machine in which the
                 definition of processes, communication, and grain size
                 are outside the control of the user. Psyche is an
                 operating system designed to enable the most effective
                 use possible of large-scale shared memory
                 multiprocessors. The Psyche project is characterized by
                 (1) a design that permits the implementation of
                 multiple models of parallelism, both within and among
                 applications, (2) the ability to trade protection for
                 performance, with information sharing as the default,
                 rather than the exception, (3) explicit, user-level
                 control of process structure and scheduling, and (4) a
                 kernel implementation that uses shared memory itself,
                 and that provides users with the illusion of uniform
                 memory access times. The postscript here was
                 reconstructed from old troff source, and does not match
                 the formatting of the hard-copy TR. In particular, the
                 bibliography has re-built from a newer database, and in
                 several cases cites newer versions of papers --
                 versions that postdate the TR.
                 89.TR309.Psyche_Evolution.ps.Z",
  keywords =     "psyche tr309",
}

@InProceedings{Signorini:1989:HSM,
  author =       "J. Signorini",
  title =        "How a {SIMD} machine can implement a complex cellular
                 automaton? {A} case study: {von Neumann}'s 29-state
                 cellular automaton",
  crossref =     "ACM:1989:PSN",
  pages =        "175--186",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 15 19:32:44 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4220 (Automata theory); C5220 (Computer
                 architecture); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department d'Inf., Paris 8 Univ., St. Denis, France",
  keywords =     "14 bit per processing element; 29-state cellular
                 automaton; complex cellular automaton; decoder; finite
                 automata; parallel architectures; periodic pulser; SIMD
                 machine; transition rule; virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "ACM; IEEE",
  treatment =    "X Experimental",
}

@Article{Tetzlaff:1989:ABS,
  author =       "William H. Tetzlaff and Martin G. Kienzle and Juan A.
                 Garay",
  title =        "Analysis of block-paging strategies",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--59",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:26:59 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The performance of interactive paging systems in
                 general and Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP)
                 systems with the High Performance Option (HPO) in
                 particular depends upon locality of reference. This
                 storage-management dependency, often considered in the
                 context of individual programs, extends in fact to a
                 significant degree across most virtual-machine
                 transactions. This paper investigates strategies to
                 exploit locality of reference at the system level by
                 analyzing page-reference strings gathered from live
                 systems. Alternative strategies are evaluated using
                 trace-driven simulations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Res. Div., Thomas J. Watson Res. Center",
  affiliationaddress = "Yorktown Heights, NY, USA",
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation)",
  classification = "721; 722; 723; C6120 (File organisation)",
  corpsource =   "IBM Res. Div., Thomas J. Watson Res. Center, Yorktown
                 Heights, NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
  journalabr =   "IBM J Res Dev",
  keywords =     "Block-Paging Strategies; Block-paging strategies;
                 block-paging strategies; Computer Programming; Data
                 Processing; Data Storage, Digital; High Performance
                 Option; Interactive Paging; interactive paging systems;
                 Interactive paging systems; Live systems; live systems;
                 Machine/System Product; management dependency; page-;
                 Page-Reference Strings; Page-reference strings;
                 reference strings; storage management; storage-;
                 Storage-Management Dependency; Storage-management
                 dependency; Trace-Driven Simulations; Trace-driven
                 simulations; trace-driven simulations; Virtual; Virtual
                 Machine/System Product; virtual storage;
                 Virtual-machine transactions; virtual-machine
                 transactions; Virtual-Machine Transactions",
  thesaurus =    "Storage management; Virtual storage",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Thomas:1989:AMM,
  author =       "David A. Thomas and Wilf R. LaLonde and John Duimovich
                 and Michael Wilson and Jeff McAffer and Brian Barry",
  title =        "{Actra} --- a multitasking\slash multiprocessing
                 {Smalltalk}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "87--90",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:15:37 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/67386/p87-thomas/",
  abstract =     "The Actra project is investigating future generation
                 industrial computer systems based on the actor or
                 object-oriented metaphor. It is designed to provide an
                 integrated, multi-user, multi-processor object-oriented
                 program development environment for use in medium and
                 high performance industrial applications dealing with
                 complex man-machine systems. Typical areas include
                 command and control systems, manufacturing systems,
                 simulation and intelligent assistants. In this paper we
                 have presented concurrent programming features of Actra
                 a multiprocessor Smalltalk. The design builds on
                 existing message passing primitives and requires
                 minimal changes to the Smalltalk virtual machine and
                 applications programs. We have introduced operations
                 for creating and communicating between active
                 objects(actors) which are consistent with the
                 object-oriented viewpoint. The resulting system
                 provides a powerful facility for performing
                 anthropomorphic programming in a multitasking\slash
                 multiprocessor environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Carleton Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Ottawa, Ont, Can",
  classification = "723",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on
                 Object-Based Concurrent Programming",
  confname =     "Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN workshop on
                 Object-based concurrent programming, September 26--27
                 1988, San Diego, CA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  journalabr =   "SIGPLAN Not",
  keywords =     "Actor Based Systems; Computer Programming Languages;
                 Computer Systems Programming--Multiprocessing Programs;
                 Concurrent Programming; design; languages; Object-Based
                 Programming; Programming Language Actra",
  meetingaddress = "San Diego, CA, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Sep 26--27 1988",
  meetingdate2 = "09/26--27/88",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Smalltalk-80.",
}

@InProceedings{Wang:1989:NNS,
  author =       "C.-J. Wang and C.-H. Wu and S. Sivasundaram",
  title =        "Neural network simulation on shared-memory vector
                 multiprocessors",
  crossref =     "ACM:1989:PSN",
  pages =        "197--204",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 15 19:32:44 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C1230 (Artificial intelligence)C4240 (Programming
                 and algorithm theory); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Electr. and Comput. Eng., Colorado
                 Univ., Colorado Springs, CO, USA",
  keywords =     "Alliant FX/80; concurrent operations; delay
                 differential equation; feedforward network; Fourier
                 transform; Hopfield network; learning systems; neural
                 computing; neural nets; neural network simulation;
                 parallel algorithms; parallel architectures; parallel
                 machine; parallel machines; parallel training
                 algorithm; recurrent network; shared-memory vector
                 multiprocessors; training algorithms; training data
                 size; training time; travelling salesman problem;
                 vector multiprocessor; virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "ACM; IEEE",
  treatment =    "P Practical; X Experimental",
}

@InProceedings{Wendorf:1989:SOS,
  author =       "J. W. Wendorf and R. G. Wendorf and H. Tokuda",
  title =        "Scheduling operating system processing on small-scale
                 multiprocessors",
  crossref =     "Shriver:1989:PTA",
  pages =        "904--913 (vol. 2)",
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 29 06:28:50 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "North American Philips Corp., Briarcliff Manor, NY,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  keywords =     "Assignment policies; Asymmetric handling; Discrete
                 event simulator; Load conditions; Mach; Operating
                 system processing; Performance; Preemptive priority;
                 Scheduling policies; Small-scale multiprocessors;
                 Symmetric scheduling; System configurations;
                 VAX-11/784",
  thesaurus =    "DEC computers; Multiprocessing programs; Operating
                 systems [computers]; Performance evaluation;
                 Scheduling; Virtual machines",
}

@InProceedings{Bessiere:1990:VMM,
  author =       "P. Bessiere and A. Chams and T. Muntean",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Neural Network
                 Conference Paris",
  title =        "A virtual machine model for artificial neural network
                 programming",
  publisher =    pub-KLUWER,
  address =      pub-KLUWER:adr,
  pages =        "689--692",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  ref =          "INNC",
}

@Article{Blelloch:1990:CCO,
  author =       "G. E. Blelloch and G. W. Sabot",
  title =        "Compiling Collection-Oriented Languages onto Massively
                 Parallel Computers",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "119--134",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 12 17:13:17 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques); C6110
                 (Systems analysis and programming); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  corpsource =   "Carnegie Mellon Univ., Sch. of Comput. Sci.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  keywords =     "collection oriented languages compilation; compiler;
                 descriptions; flat virtual machine; high-level;
                 massively; nested collections; nested parallelism;
                 PARALATION LISP; parallel computers; parallel
                 processing; parallel programming; program compilers",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Board:1990:PPN,
  author =       "J. A. {Board, Jr.} and J. Shue-Jen Lu",
  title =        "Performance of parallel neural network simulations",
  crossref =     "Board:1990:TRA",
  pages =        "185--200",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 28 20:21:01 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Department of Electr. Eng., Duke Univ., Durham, NC,
                 USA",
  classification = "C1230 (Artificial intelligence); C5440
                 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques); C5470
                 (Performance evaluation and testing); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  keywords =     "BBN Butterfly; C language; Communication overhead;
                 Constraint satisfaction; INMOS Transputer; MACH
                 operating system; Network size; Occam 2; Parallel
                 neural network simulations; Partitioned algorithm;
                 Performance evaluation; Speedup limit; T800 Transputer;
                 Transputer Development System programming environment;
                 Uniform System programming environment",
  thesaurus =    "Neural nets; Parallel algorithms; Performance
                 evaluation; Programming environments; Transputers;
                 Virtual machines",
}

@InProceedings{Feeley:1990:PVM,
  author =       "Marc Feeley and James S. Miller",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1990 ACM Conference on LISP and
                 Functional Programming, Nice",
  title =        "A parallel virtual machine for efficient {Scheme}
                 compilation",
  crossref =     "ACM:1990:PAC",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  bookpages =    "????",
  pages =        "119--130",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 24 04:51:56 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/lfp/lfp1990.html#FeeleyM90;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/lfp/91556/p119-feeley/",
  abstract =     "Programs compiled by Gambit, our Scheme compiler,
                 achieve performance as much as twice that of the
                 fastest available Scheme compilers. Gambit is easily
                 ported, while retaining its high performance, through
                 the use of a simple virtual machine (PVM). PVM allows a
                 wide variety of machine-independent optimizations and
                 it supports parallel computation based on the future
                 construct. PVM conveys high-level information
                 bidirectionally between the machine-independent front
                 end of the compiler and the machine-dependent back end,
                 making it easy to implement a number of common back end
                 optimizations that are difficult to achieve for other
                 virtual machines. PVM is similar to many real computer
                 architectures and has an option to efficiently gather
                 dynamic measurements of virtual machine usage. These
                 measurements can be used in performance prediction for
                 ports to other architectures as well as design
                 decisions related to proposed optimizations and object
                 representations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA, USA",
  classification = "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  conflocation = "Nice, France; 27--29 June 1990",
  corpsource =   "Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA, USA",
  keywords =     "Gambit; Lisp; machine-independent; Machine-independent
                 front end; machine-independent front end;
                 Machine-independent optimizations; object; Object
                 representations; optimizations; parallel processing;
                 Parallel virtual machine; parallel virtual machine;
                 portability; program compilers; PVM portability;
                 representations; Scheme compiler; simple virtual
                 machine; Simple virtual machine; software; virtual
                 machines",
  oldlabel =     "FeeleyM90",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  thesaurus =    "Parallel processing; Program compilers; Software
                 portability; Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/lfp/FeeleyM90",
}

@InProceedings{Hu:1990:RTC,
  author =       "W. Hu",
  title =        "Reducing Timing Channels with Fuzzy Time",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1990:PIC",
  pages =        "8--20",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "This paper describes fuzzy time. This is a collection
                 of techniques that reduces the bandwidths of covert
                 timing channels by making all clocks available to a
                 process noisy. Developed in response to the problems
                 posed by high-speed hardware timing channels, fuzzy
                 time has been implemented in the VAX security kernel.
                 The VAX security kernel is a virtual-machine monitor
                 security kernel for the VAX architecture designed to
                 meet the requirements of the A1 rating from the
                 National Computer Security Center.",
}

@InProceedings{Karger:1990:VSK,
  author =       "P. A. Karger and M. E. Zurko and D. W. Bonin and A. H.
                 Mason and C. E. Kahn",
  title =        "A {VMM} Security Kernel for the {VAX} Architecture",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1990:PIC",
  pages =        "2--19",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "This paper describes the development of a
                 virtual-machine monitor (VMM) security kernel for the
                 VAX architecture. The paper particularly focuses on how
                 the systems hardware, microcode, and software are aimed
                 at meeting A1-level security requirements while
                 maintaining the standard interfaces and applications of
                 the VMS and ULTRIX-32 operating systems. The VAX
                 security kernel supports multiple concurrent virtual
                 machines on a single VAX system, providing isolation
                 and controlled sharing of sensitive data. Rigorous
                 engineering standards were applied during development
                 to comply with the assurance requirements for
                 verification and configuration management. The VAX
                 security kernel has been developed with a heavy
                 emphasis on performance and on system management tools.
                 The kernel performs sufficiently well that all of its
                 development is now carried out in virtual machines
                 running on the kernel itself, rather than in a
                 conventional time-sharing system.",
}

@TechReport{Kratzer:1990:MPS,
  author =       "Steven G. Kratzer",
  title =        "Massively parallel sparse-matrix computations",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "SRC-TR-90-008",
  institution =  inst-SRC-IDA,
  address =      inst-SRC-IDA:adr,
  pages =        "14",
  day =          "1",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 08:01:51 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper shows that QR factorization of large,
                 sparse matrices can be performed efficiently on
                 massively-parallel SIMD (Single Instruction stream,
                 Multiple Data stream) computers such as the Connection
                 Machine CM-2. The problem is cast as a dataflow graph,
                 using existing techniques for symbolic manipulation of
                 the structure of the matrix. Then the nodes in the
                 graph, which represent units of computational work, are
                 mapped to a `virtual dataflow machine' in such a way
                 that only nearest-neighbor communication is required.
                 This virtual machine is implemented by programming the
                 CM-2 processors to support the static dataflow
                 protocol. Execution results for standard test matrices
                 show that good performance is obtained even for
                 `unstructured' sparsity patterns that are not amenable
                 to nested dissection techniques.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Connection machines; Matrices; Parallel processing
                 (Electronic computers)",
}

@InProceedings{Ozgur:1990:SON,
  author =       "A. Ozgur and O. Kaynak",
  booktitle =    "INNC 90 Paris. International Neural Network
                 Conference",
  title =        "A self organizing neural network for pattern
                 recognition",
  volume =       "1",
  institution =  "Atakoy 5 Kisim B-1/17, Istanbul, Turkey",
  publisher =    pub-KLUWER,
  address =      pub-KLUWER:adr,
  pages =        "107",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-7923-0831-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7923-0831-7",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Summary form only given, as follows. The authors
                 simulate and test a neural network which can recognize
                 patterns and which possesses abilities such as
                 selective attention, segmentation, and associative
                 recall. The network consists of several types of
                 neurons of which some can learn and extract features,
                 and others generate gain or threshold control signals.
                 The backward propagation channels are responsible for
                 selective attention and associative recall. The neural
                 cells in the simulated network are organized in three
                 layers and they total 16630 in number. The simulation
                 program is written in C-language and run on an Apple
                 Macintosh computer. This self-organizing network is
                 able to repair a deformed pattern in a deformed manner,
                 even if, during the training period, only undeformed
                 and noise free patterns are presented to it.",
  city =         "Paris, France",
  classification = "C1250 (Pattern recognition), C5260B (Computer vision
                 and picture processing), C5320 (Digital storage), C1240
                 (Adaptive system theory), C1230 (Artificial
                 intelligence), C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  days =         "9-13 July 1990",
  file =         "nn/attention/selective",
  index =        "Layered",
  indexnumber =  "3800010 C91007802",
  keywords =     "Feature learning, Feature extraction, Deformed pattern
                 repair, Self organizing neural network, Pattern
                 recognition, Selective attention, Segmentation,
                 Associative recall, Threshold control signals, Backward
                 propagation channels, C-language, Apple Macintosh
                 computer",
  refs =         "0",
  sponsor =      "Thomson",
  thesaurus =    "Apple computers, Content-addressable storage, Neural
                 nets, Pattern recognition, Picture processing,
                 Self-organising storage, Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "Theoretical/Mathematical",
}

@Article{Plata:1990:ASP,
  author =       "O. G. Plata and J. D. Bruguera and F. F. Rivera and R.
                 Doallo and E. L. Zapata",
  title =        "{ACLE}: a Software Package for {SIMD} Computer
                 Simulation",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "194--203",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/194.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/195.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/196.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/197.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/198.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/199.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/200.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/201.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/202.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_03/tiff/203.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Department of Electron., Univ. of Santiago de
                 Compostela, Spain",
  classcodes =   "C7430 (Computer engineering); C5440 (Multiprocessor
                 systems and techniques); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
  classification = "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques);
                 C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Electron., Univ. of Santiago de
                 Compostela, Spain",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ACLAN-to-C translator; ACLE; algorithm mapping;
                 Algorithm mapping; algorithmic solution; Algorithmic
                 solution; array; Array C Language Emulator; Array
                 processor programming; C language; computer simulation;
                 computers; hypercube; Hypercube computers;
                 machine-independent; Machine-independent programming
                 language; package; parallel algorithms; Parallel
                 algorithms; processor programming; program execution;
                 Program execution; program processors; programming
                 language; SIMD; SIMD computer simulation; simulation
                 routines library; Simulation routines library;
                 software; Software package; software packages;
                 subroutines; virtual machines",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Parallel algorithms; Program processors;
                 Software packages; Subroutines; Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Pountain:1990:SPP,
  author =       "D. Pountain",
  title =        "Simulating a primitive parallel computer",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "72IS/25--26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36--37",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "BYTEDJ",
  ISSN =         "0360-5280 (print), 1082-7838 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-5280",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 12 18:39:30 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  fjournal =     "BYTE Magazine",
  keywords =     "Computer simulation; Parallel architectures; Parallel
                 computers; Primitive parallel computer; Primitive
                 Parallel Computers; PriPar; Turing machine",
  thesaurus =    "Parallel machines; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Rounce:1990:AWE,
  author =       "Peter A. Rounce and Jose Delgado",
  title =        "Architectures Within the {ESPRIT SPAN Project}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "24--27, 88--97",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/40.62727",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  abstract =     "To integrate symbolic and numeric computing on
                 parallel systems, project participants developed a
                 target architecture that resulted in a number of
                 significant advancements in programming languages and
                 architecture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept of Comput Sci, Univ Coll, London, UK",
  classcodes =   "C5220 (Computer architecture); C7310 (Mathematics)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Department of comput. Sci., Univ. Coll., London, UK",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
  keywords =     "Computational Models; Computer Architecture; Computer
                 Programming Languages; Computer Systems,
                 Digital--Parallel Processing; DICE; distributed memory
                 architecture; esprit span Project; ESPRIT SPAN project;
                 Kernel System architectures; parallel architectures;
                 parallel systems; parallel-; Parle high-level
                 procedural language; Research; Sprint processor
                 architecture; symbol manipulation; symbolic and numeric
                 computing; system architectures; Virtual Machine Code",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Schuh:1990:PRI,
  author =       "Daniel T. Schuh and Michael J. Carey and David J.
                 DeWitt",
  title =        "Persistence in {E} Revisited---Implementation
                 Experiences",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-1990-957",
  institution =  "University of Wisconsin, Madison",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "November 22, 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper discusses the design and implementation of
                 the E Persistent Virtual Machine (EPVM), an interpreter
                 that provides support for persistent data access in the
                 current version of the E programming language. Included
                 are descriptions of both the EPVM interface and the
                 major implementation tactics employed within EPVM. A
                 novel pointer swizzling scheme that has been
                 investigated in the context of E and EPVM is also
                 described. Finally, a performance analysis of the key
                 EPVM primitives is presented.",
}

@InProceedings{Seiden:1990:AFV,
  author =       "K. F. Seiden and J. P. Melanson",
  title =        "The Auditing Facility for a {VMM} Security Kernel",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1990:PIC",
  pages =        "262--277",
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "The VAX security kernel is a prototype security kernel
                 implemented as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) for the
                 VAX architecture. The VAX security kernel is capable of
                 emulating one or more virtual machines (VMs) on a
                 single physical machine allowing multiple copies of
                 virtual machine operating systems to execute
                 concurrently. The system presently supports both VMS
                 and ULTRIX as virtual machine operating systems A
                 fundamental component of any security kernel is the
                 ability to produce an audit trail of security relevant
                 events. While there are numerous examples of auditing
                 subsystems at the DoD Trusted Computer System
                 Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) [5] C2 or B1 level, there
                 is much less experience with the requirements at the B2
                 level and above. This paper describes the design and
                 implementation of the VAX security kernel auditing
                 facility, built to satisfy the requirements at the A1
                 level.",
}

@TechReport{Smith:1990:PTL,
  author =       "Robert Smith and Aaron Sloman and John Gibson",
  title =        "{POPLOG}'s Two-level Virtual Machine Support for
                 Interactive Languages",
  type =         "Cognitive Science Research Report",
  number =       "153",
  institution =  "University-of-Sussex",
  address =      "Brighton",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To appear (1991?) in a volume edited by D.Sleeman and
                 N.O.Bernson Price: 1.00 (Actually it appeared as
                 Research Directions in Cognitive Science Volume 5:
                 Artificial Intelligence, eds D. Sleeman and N. Bernsen,
                 Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 1992)",
  keywords =     "Pop, Pop-11",
}

@Article{Volz:1990:VNU,
  author =       "Richard A. Volz",
  title =        "Virtual Nodes and Units of Distribution for
                 Distributed {Ada}",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "85--96",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 9 09:05:36 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C6110 (Systems analysis
                 and programming); C6150J (Operating systems)",
  conflocation = "Framington, PA, USA; 26--29 June 1989",
  conftitle =    "Third International Workshop on Real-Time Ada Issues",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci., Texas A and M Univ.,
                 College Station, TX, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
  keywords =     "Ada; Ada program; additional study; architecture
                 characterizations; architecture dependence choice;
                 complex task; dependency; distributed Ada; distributed
                 processing; embedded real-time systems; memory systems;
                 processing elements; programming; real-time systems;
                 shared; system architecture; UoD; virtual machines;
                 virtual node",
  sponsororg =   "Software Eng. Inst.; U.S. Office of Naval Res.; Ada
                 UK; ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Whang:1990:QOM,
  author =       "Kyu-Young Y. Whang and Ravi Krishnamurthy",
  title =        "Query Optimization in a Memory-Resident Domain
                 Relational Calculus Database System",
  journal =      j-TODS,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--95",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "ATDSD3",
  ISSN =         "0362-5915 (print), 1557-4644 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-5915",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 10:34:48 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "Database/Graefe.bib; Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tods/1990-15-1/p67-whang/p67-whang.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tods/1990-15-1/p67-whang/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/tods/77646.html",
  abstract =     "We present techniques for optimizing queries in
                 memory-resident database systems. Optimization
                 techniques in memory-resident database systems differ
                 significantly from those in conventional disk-resident
                 database systems. In this paper we address the
                 following aspects of query optimization in such systems
                 and present specific solutions for them: (1) a new
                 approach to developing a CPU-intensive cost model; (2)
                 new optimization strategies for main-memory query
                 processing; (3) new insight into join algorithms and
                 access structures that take advantage of memory
                 residency of data; and (4) the effect of the operating
                 system's scheduling algorithm on the memory-residency
                 assumption. We present an interesting result that a
                 major cost of processing queries in memory-resident
                 database systems is incurred by evaluation of
                 predicates. We discuss optimization techniques using
                 the Office-by-Example (OBE) that has been under
                 development at IBM Research. We also present the
                 results of performance measurements, which prove to be
                 excellent in the current state of the art. Despite
                 recent work on memory-resident database systems, query
                 optimization aspects in these systems have not been
                 well studied. We believe this paper opens the issues of
                 query optimization in memory-resident database systems
                 and presents practical solutions to them.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Center, Yorktown Heights,
                 NY, USA",
  annote =       "Office-by-example extends the concept of
                 query-by-example (QBE); disks are used only for
                 permanent storage of data and backup; The technique is
                 not a heuristic since it employs a systematic search,
                 but uses the branch-and-bound algorithm. Uses the
                 nested-loop join with use of indexes. An index is an
                 array of tuple identifiers. Assess uses binary search.
                 When an index entry is inserted, the upper half of the
                 index is block-copied. In a 3081 processor copying 1 MB
                 of memory takes less than 0.1 second. Queries in OBE
                 are in the canonical form, have no substructures. Pure
                 demand paging is not suitable, the system has a global
                 goal for paging activities. The set of virtual machines
                 on the dispatch list is determined.",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Database Systems",
  generalterms = "Algorithms; Experimentation; Languages; Performance",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J777",
  keywords =     "experimentation; languages; Large Main Memory TODS,
                 algorithms; performance",
  subject =      "{\bf H.2.4}: Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Systems, Query processing. {\bf H.2.3}: Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages, Query
                 languages. {\bf H.2.2}: Information Systems, DATABASE
                 MANAGEMENT, Physical Design, Access methods.",
}

@InProceedings{Xu:1990:HMD,
  author =       "J. Xu and K. Hwang",
  title =        "Heuristic methods for dynamic load balancing in a
                 message-passing supercomputer",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1990:PSN",
  pages =        "888--897",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 15 18:34:48 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques);
                 C6150J (Operating systems)",
  corpsource =   "IBM Corp., San Jose, CA, USA",
  keywords =     "distributed control; distributed load balancers;
                 distributed processing; dynamic load balancing; iPSC/2
                 hypercube; load imbalances; message passing
                 multicomputer; message-passing supercomputer; migration
                 overheads; parallel event drives simulator; parallel
                 processing; parallel simulator; performance evaluation;
                 process migration; PSIM; resource allocation;
                 scheduling; system utilizations; threshold update;
                 variable threshold; virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE; ACM; Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab.; Los Alamos
                 Nat. Lab.; NASA Ames Res. Center; Nat. Center Atmos.
                 Res.; NSF; SIAM; Supercomput. Res. Center",
  treatment =    "P Practical; X Experimental",
}

@Article{Aharon:1991:VIR,
  author =       "A. Aharon and A. Bar-David and B. Dorfman and E.
                 Gofman and M. Leibowitz and V. Schwartzburd",
  title =        "Verification of the {IBM RISC System\slash 6000} by a
                 dynamic biased pseudo-random test program generator",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "527--538",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Verification of a computer that implements a new
                 architecture is especially difficult since no approved
                 functional test cases are available. The logic design
                 of the IBM RISC system/6000 was verified mainly by a
                 specially developed random test program generator
                 (RTPG), which was used from the early stages of the
                 design until its successful completion. APL was chosen
                 for the RISC System/6000 RTPG implementation after
                 considering the suitability of this programming
                 language for modeling computer architectures, the very
                 tight schedule, and the highly changeable environment
                 in which RTPG would operate.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Israel Sci. and Technol. Ltd., Haifa, Israel",
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C5470
                 (Performance evaluation and testing); C6140D (High
                 level languages); C6150G (Diagnostic, testing,
                 debugging and evaluating systems); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Computer architectures; Functional test cases; IBM
                 RISC system/6000; Logic design; Programming language;
                 Pseudo-random test program generator; RTPG
                 implementation; Specially developed random test program
                 generator; Tight schedule",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "APL; IBM computers; Performance evaluation; Program
                 verification; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Alfonseca:1991:AAA,
  author =       "M. Alfonseca",
  title =        "Advanced applications of {APL}: logic programming,
                 neural networks, and hypertext",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "543--553",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A review is given of the work of the author on the
                 application of the APL and APL2 programming languages
                 to logic programming, emulation of neural networks, and
                 the programming of hypertext applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Software Technol. Lab., Madrid, Spain",
  classification = "C5290 (Neural computing techniques); C6110L (Logic
                 programming); C6140D (High level languages); C6160Z
                 (Other DBMS); C6170 (Expert systems); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "APL2 programming languages; Hypertext applications;
                 Logic programming; Neural networks",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "APL; Hypermedia; Logic programming; Neural nets;
                 Virtual machines",
}

@InProceedings{Aral:1991:PCS,
  author =       "Ziya Aral and Ilya Gertner and Alan Langerman and Dave
                 Mitchell",
  title =        "Process Control Structures for Multiprocessor",
  crossref =     "Milutinovic:1991:PTA",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "49--58",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Describes a new approach to implementing and using a
                 'process' abstraction in multiprocessors. A new
                 paradigm is described for virtual machines which are
                 built out of finer granularity units called Resource
                 Control Blocks (RCB). A collection of RCBs define a
                 virtual machine. Each RCB is independently sharable. A
                 user has the freedom to define a set of virtual
                 machines each spanning a different collection of
                 resources. Although the new paradigm offers additional
                 flexibility, it carries no additional overhead when
                 compared to previous implementations. Backwards
                 compatible processes are scheduled and created with the
                 same efficiency. New processes that carry less weight
                 are created much more efficiently. A production system
                 has been implemented and measured on Multimax, a
                 shared-memory multiprocessor.",
}

@Article{Balter:1991:AIG,
  author =       "R. Balter and J. Bernadat and D. Decouchant and A.
                 Duda and A. Freyssinet and S. Krakowiak and M.
                 Meysembourg and P. Le Dot and H. Nguyen Van and E.
                 Paire and M. Riveill and C. Roison and X. Rousset de
                 Pina and R. Scioville and G. Vand{\^o}me",
  title =        "Architecture and Implementation of Guide, an
                 Object-Oriented Distributed System",
  journal =      j-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--67",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CMSYE2",
  ISSN =         "0895-6340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 13 08:51:08 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6150J
                 (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "Computing Systems",
  keywords =     "Class; Distributed object memory; Dynamic links;
                 Execution structures; Execution units; Grenoble
                 Universities integrated distributed environment; Guide;
                 Job sharing; Language; Multi-threaded virtual machines;
                 Nodes; Object model; Object-oriented distributed
                 operating system; Persistent objects storage; Single
                 inheritance; Synchronized objects; Synchronized
                 transactions; Type; UNIX",
  thesaurus =    "Distributed processing; Object-oriented programming;
                 Operating systems [computers]",
}

@InProceedings{Balzer:1991:PVM,
  author =       "Robert Balzer",
  title =        "Process Virtual Machine",
  crossref =     "Thomas:1993:PIS",
  pages =        "37--40",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
}

@Article{Bennett:1991:SMC,
  author =       "R. B. Bennett and W. J. Bitner and M. A. Musa and M.
                 K. Ainsworth",
  title =        "Systems management for {Coordinated Resource
                 Recovery}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "90--106",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Coordinated Resource Recovery is a Virtual
                 Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/ESA)
                 function for providing consistency of changes to
                 multiple resources in environments that include
                 distributed applications. It provides a uniform
                 solution for applications to the problem of resource
                 consistency. Systems management of Coordinated Resource
                 Recovery in VM/ESA (CRR) is the set of system services
                 and interfaces that support both automatic and manual
                 procedures for managing CRR installation, performance,
                 and recovery, as well as resource manager and
                 application participation. Much of systems management
                 is focused on application recovery from occasional
                 failures of the procedures for coordinating consistent
                 resource changes. The paper describes several key
                 aspects of CRR systems management, including the CRR
                 recovery log, facilities for minimizing manual
                 intervention when failures occur, performance
                 considerations, and application participation in
                 recovery.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Data Syst. Div., Endicott, NY, USA",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Application recovery; Coordinated Resource Recovery;
                 CRR recovery log; CRR systems management; Interfaces;
                 Multiple resources; Resource consistency; System
                 services; Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems
                 Architecture; VM/ESA",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "IBM computers; Operating systems [computers]; Virtual
                 machines",
}

@Article{Christodoulakis:1991:OOA,
  author =       "Stavros Christodoulakis and Natassa Ailamaki and
                 Manolis Fragonikolakis and Yorgos Kapetanakis and
                 Leonidas Koveos",
  title =        "An Object Oriented Architecture For Multimedia
                 Information Systems",
  journal =      "Data Engineering",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--15",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 11 11:19:22 1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "we present aspects of the design and implementation of
                 a Multimedia Object Server. We first present the design
                 and implementation of the Object Virtual Machine (OVM),
                 a multimedia object manager. OVM considers environments
                 with large main memories that can comtain a large
                 number of objects. However, multimedia objects ahvae to
                 reside in secondary and tertiary storage due to their
                 size. Multimedia objects are treated as first class
                 objects, and methods and acces structures for them are
                 supported by the system. The secondary storage
                 information is modeled in three layers: logical files,
                 physical files and devices; thus allowing flexibility,
                 clustering and parallelism in the multimedia database
                 design. Next, we describe experimental and analytical
                 performance studies for a server environment for
                 multimedia data. We outline results on optimal data
                 placement on optical disks, buffering for
                 delay-sensitive multimedia data environments and
                 scheduling aspects in a server based on secondary and
                 tertiary optical storage(jukeboxes).",
  owner =        "suchen",
}

@Article{Daszczuk:1991:SSD,
  author =       "W. B. Daszczuk",
  title =        "A Structured Semantic Design of Distributed Operating
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "482--492",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/482.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/483.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/484.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/485.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/486.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/487.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/488.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/489.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/490.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/491.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_06/tiff/492.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. of Comput. Sci., Warsaw Univ. of Technol.,
                 Poland",
  classcodes =   "C6150N (Distributed systems); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems); C6150N (Distributed
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "Inst. of Comput. Sci., Warsaw Univ. of Technol.,
                 Poland",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "distributed; Distributed hardware environment;
                 Distributed operating systems; hardware environment;
                 multi-microprocessor systems; Multi-microprocessor
                 systems; network operating systems; operating systems;
                 structured semantic design; Structured semantic design;
                 UNIX-like systems; virtual machines; Virtual machines",
  thesaurus =    "Network operating systems; Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Fertig:1991:FVM,
  author =       "Scott Fertig and David Gelernter",
  title =        "{FGP}: a Virtual Machine for Acquiring Knowledge from
                 Cases",
  crossref =     "Mylopoulos:1991:IPT",
  pages =        "796--802",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 24 02:56:32 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai91.html#FertigG91;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  oldlabel =     "FertigG91",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/ijcai/FertigG91",
}

@Article{Fischofer:1991:VSS,
  author =       "W. T. Fischofer",
  title =        "{VM\slash ESA}: a single system for centralized and
                 distributed computing",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--13",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The rapid evolution of distributed and personal
                 systems in recent years has not diminished the
                 importance of centralized computing. Today, systems at
                 all levels need to operate in networked configurations
                 to allow users and applications to access and
                 manipulate data from anywhere with full integrity and
                 optimal performance. Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems
                 Architecture (VM/ESA) satisfies this requirement as a
                 single VM product that has been designed for both
                 centralized and distributed computing. The author
                 describes how VM/ESA builds on IBM's reputation for
                 virtual machine performance, function, and flexibility
                 to form an ideal solution base for the 1990s.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Endicott Programming Lab., NY, USA",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Centralized computing; Distributed computing; IBM;
                 Networked configurations; Virtual machine performance;
                 Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture;
                 VM/ESA",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "IBM computers; Network operating systems; Virtual
                 machines",
}

@Article{Fujimoto:1991:VTM,
  author =       "Richard M. Fujimoto",
  title =        "The {Virtual Time Machine}",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "35--44",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 12 09:40:33 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Gdaniec:1991:VDS,
  author =       "J. M. Gdaniec and J. P. Hennessy",
  title =        "{VM} data spaces and {ESA\slash XC} facilities",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--33",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 15 05:47:47 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Release 1.1 of the Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems
                 Architecture (VM/ESA) operating system introduces a new
                 function called VM Data Spaces, provided through a new
                 virtual-machine architecture called Enterprise Systems
                 Architecture/Extended Configuration (ESA/XC). ESA/XC is
                 the strategic VM/ESA virtual-machine environment for
                 Conversational Monitor System (CMS) users and services
                 virtual machines requiring large amounts of storage or
                 advanced data-sharing capabilities. ESA/XC includes all
                 of the facilities of System/370 Extended Architecture
                 (370-XA) that are used by CMS or server programs and is
                 therefore upward compatible for CMS or server programs
                 currently running in 370-XA virtual machines. As an
                 introduction to the VM Data Spaces function, the paper
                 describes the ESA/XC virtual-machine architecture and
                 presents an overview of the VM/ESA services provided in
                 support of the ESA/XC architecture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Data Syst. Div., Endicott, NY, USA",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Conversational Monitor System; Enterprise Systems
                 Architecture/Extended Configuration; ESA/XC; Operating
                 system; System/370 Extended Architecture; Virtual
                 Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture;
                 Virtual-machine architecture; Virtual-machine
                 environment; VM data spaces; VM/ESA",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "IBM computers; Operating systems [computers]; Virtual
                 machines",
}

@TechReport{Greenfield:1991:PIT,
  author =       "P. G. Greenfield and R. J. Hendley",
  title =        "A proposed Intelligent Tutoring System Framework
                 Incorporating Persistent Logic Programming",
  number =       "CSR-91-1",
  institution =  "University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper proposes a virtual machine architectural
                 approach to the construction of a generic Intelligent
                 System (ITS) in which the components of the system are
                 organised as a community of co-operating processes each
                 of which has a substantial portion that can be
                 specified in a declarative manner using Horn clause
                 Logic.",
}

@Article{Jolitz:1991:PUS,
  author =       "William Frederick Jolitz and Lynne Greer Jolitz",
  title =        "Porting {UNIX} to the 386: a Stripped-Down Kernel",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "32, 34--36, 38, 40, 84--88, 88, 90",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 09:11:02 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 UnCover database",
  abstract =     "386BSD's basic kernel incorporates a unique
                 ``recursive'' paging feature that leverages resources
                 and reduces complexity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150E (General utility programs); C6150J (Operating
                 systems); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "386BSD; Bootstrap procedure; Initialization;
                 Machine-dependent portions; Machine-independent
                 portions; Operating system porting; Recursive paging;
                 Stripped-down kernel; UNIX kernel; Virtual machine",
  thesaurus =    "Assembly language listings; C listings; Computer
                 bootstrapping; Microprocessor chips; Software
                 portability; Unix; Utility programs; Virtual machines",
}

@InProceedings{Kelem:1991:SMV,
  author =       "N. L. Kelem and R. J. Feiertag",
  title =        "A Separation Model for Virtual Machine Monitors",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1991:PIC",
  pages =        "78--87 (or 78--86??)",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 23 16:47:31 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sp/sp1991.html#KelemF91;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  annote =       "This paper presents a security policy for separation
                 Virtual Machine Monitors (SVMMs) and interprets
                 Rushby's Separation Model [RUSH81] for SVMMs. Applying
                 the technique of [RUSH81] yields a practical method for
                 demonstrating that an implementation of an SVMM adheres
                 to the abstract Isolation Axiom of the Separation
                 Model, thus providing relatively strong assurance for a
                 low level of effort. First we describe the relevant
                 characteristics of SVMMs, and note the applicable
                 formal modeling requirements. Next we present a summary
                 of the SVMM Separation Model, a modification of the
                 original model presented in [RUSH81]. The Separation
                 Model technique permits a proof of separability among
                 the operating systems under control of the kernel of an
                 SVMM. We supply an interpretation of the elements of
                 the Separation Model using concepts from SVMMs.
                 Finally, we relate this work to similar Applications of
                 the Separation Model.",
  oldlabel =     "KelemF91",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#conf/sp/KelemF91",
}

@MastersThesis{Lott:1991:DVM,
  author =       "Christopher M. Lott",
  title =        "Defining a virtual machine for executing {MVP--L}
                 project plans",
  school =       "Department of Computer Science, The University of
                 Maryland",
  address =      "College Park, MD 20742",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
}

@InProceedings{Malan:1991:MA,
  author =       "G. Malan and R. Rashid and D. Golub and R. Baron",
  title =        "{DOS} as a {Mach 3.0} application",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1991:PUM",
  pages =        "27--40",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 28 19:47:51 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sch. of Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  keywords =     "Common DOS functions; Common DOS software; DOS
                 functionality; DOS operating system; Frequently loaded
                 DOS drivers; High memory area; High-speed space combat
                 simulation system; I/O devices; I386/i486 architecture;
                 Latency demands; Mach features; Machine-dependent
                 kernel modifications; Multiple virtual DOS
                 environments; Multithreaded emulation; PC architecture;
                 Performance sensitive PC entertainment software;
                 Timing; Unix emulation; Unix Server; VGA display;
                 Virtual 8086 mode; Virtual machine environment; Wing
                 Commander",
  thesaurus =    "IBM computers; Microcomputer applications; Supervisory
                 programs; Unix; Virtual machines",
}

@InProceedings{Manas:1991:VLM,
  author =       "J. A. Manas and J. Salvachua",
  editor =       "Kenneth R. Parker and Gordon A. Rose",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of {Formal Description Techniques IV}",
  title =        "A Virtual {LOTOS} Machine",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  pages =        "441--456",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 07:35:14 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "LOTOS behaviour semantics are usually presented in a
                 declarative style that permits to evaluate which events
                 are possible at each stage, and which is the behaviour
                 after an event occurs. In order to generate code that
                 implements these operational semantics an imperative
                 model is very convenient for efficiency. A virtual
                 machine (machine for LOTOS Behaviour Machine) is
                 presented in this paper that provides such an
                 imperative point of view, but still keeps independent
                 of implementation details, effectively providing an
                 intermediate representation for either interpretation
                 or generation of code for any systems programming
                 language. An abstract model of execution is presented,
                 and then the virtual machine is presented by describing
                 its instructions, the relationship to LOTOS constructs,
                 and its dynamic semantics. C code generation is briefly
                 commented too.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Maslak:1991:CRR,
  author =       "B. A. Maslak and J. M. Showalter and T. J.
                 Szczygielski",
  title =        "{Coordinated Resource Recovery} in {VM\slash ESA}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--89",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 19 17:38:46 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A system service for coordinated recovery of resources
                 is a critical function needed for distributed
                 processing environments because applications need to
                 provide for data integrity while the location of the
                 data and processes are transparent to the application.
                 VM is the first IBM operating system to provide
                 Coordinated Resource Recovery as a system service
                 rather than as a service provided by unique
                 environments running on the operating system, and the
                 VM Common Programming Interface-Communications and
                 Shared File System are the first subsystems to utilize
                 the service. The paper is an overview of why and how VM
                 provided Coordinated Resource Recovery (CRR). CRR is
                 the implementation of the Systems Application
                 Architecture (SAA) resource recovery interface within
                 Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture
                 (VM/ESA). This coordinated sync point system service
                 allows one or more applications or subsystems to update
                 multiple resources and to request that all updates be
                 committed or backed out together.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Data Syst. Div., Endicott, NY, USA",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Coordinated Resource Recovery; Data integrity;
                 Distributed processing environments; IBM operating
                 system; Resource recovery interface; Shared File
                 System; Sync point system service; System service;
                 Systems Application Architecture; Virtual
                 Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture; VM Common
                 Programming Interface-Communications",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "IBM computers; Operating systems [computers]; Virtual
                 machines",
}

@Article{Meleshchuk:1991:IPP,
  author =       "S. B. Meleshchuk and A. N. Nedumov",
  title =        "Implementation of a protocol for parallel database
                 access with virtual machine communications facilities",
  journal =      j-PROGRAMMIROVANIE,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "35--42",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "PCSODA",
  ISSN =         "0132-3474, 0361-7688",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 16 06:39:19 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "English translation in Programming and Computer
                 Software, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 27--32, November 1991.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  corpsource =   "Leningrad Techn. State Univ., USSR",
  fjournal =     "Programmirovanie",
  keywords =     "COMMIT protocol; concurrency control; deadlock;
                 electronic mail; interrupts; IUCV mail facility;
                 machines; parallel; parallel database access;
                 processing; protocol; protocols; virtual; virtual
                 machines",
  pubcountry =   "USSR",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Osisek:1991:EIA,
  author =       "D. L. Osisek and K. M. Jackson and P. H. Gum",
  title =        "{ESA}\slash 390 interpretive-execution architecture,
                 foundation for {VM\slash ESA}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--51",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 15 05:47:47 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The interpretive-execution facility of Enterprise
                 Systems Architecture/390 (ESA/390) provides an
                 instruction for the execution of virtual machines. This
                 instruction, called Start interpretive execution (SIE),
                 was initially created, for virtualizing either
                 System/370 or 370-XA architectures, and was used later
                 for virtualizing ESA/370 and ESA/390 architectures. SIE
                 has evolved to provide capabilities for a number of
                 specialized performance environments. Most recently it
                 provides for the unique requirements of Enterprise
                 Systems Architecture/Extended Configuration (ESA/XC)
                 virtual-machine architecture. This comprehensive set of
                 capabilities in the architecture serves as the platform
                 for the ability of VM/ESA to provide functions in
                 virtual machines for end users and system servers. The
                 paper describes the evolution of SIE and outlines use
                 of the various capabilities in VM/ESA.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Data Syst. Div., Endicott, NY, USA",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Enterprise Systems Architecture/390; Enterprise
                 Systems Architecture/Extended Configuration; ESA/390
                 interpretive-execution architecture; SIE; Start
                 interpretive execution; Virtual-machine architecture;
                 VM/ESA",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "IBM computers; Operating systems [computers]; Virtual
                 machines",
}

@Book{Pulman:1991:EER,
  editor =       "Stephen G. Pulman",
  title =        "{EUROTRA ET6/1}: rule formalism and virtual machine
                 design study -- final report",
  publisher =    "Commission of the European Communities",
  address =      "Luxembourg, Luxembourg",
  year =         "1991",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Contributors: H. Alshawi, D.J. Arnold, R. Backofen,
                 D.M. Carter, J. Lindop, K. Netter, S.G. Pulman, J.
                 Tsujii and H. Uszkoreit.",
}

@Article{Rosing:1991:DPP,
  author =       "Matthew Rosing and Robert B. Schnabel and Robert P.
                 Weaver",
  title =        "The {DINO} parallel programming language",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "30--42",
  day =          "1",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 12 19:06:31 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Colorado",
  affiliationaddress = "Boulder, CO, USA",
  classification = "721; 722; 723; C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci., Colorado Univ., Boulder,
                 CO, USA",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  journalabr =   "J Parallel Distrib Comput",
  keywords =     "compiler; Computer Operating Systems; Computer
                 Programming Languages--C; Computer
                 Programming--Algorithms; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 constructs; data; DINO parallel programming language;
                 distributed data; Distributed memory multiprocessors;
                 distributed memory multiprocessors; distributed
                 numerically; high-level parallel; MIMD; oriented
                 language; Parallel algorithms; parallel algorithms;
                 parallel languages; Parallel Processing; Parallel
                 programs; semantics; Software package DINO; standard C;
                 structures; syntax; virtual machine; virtual parallel
                 computer",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@PhdThesis{Shen:1991:VTD,
  author =       "Shioupyn Shen",
  title =        "The virtual-time data-parallel machine",
  type =         "Thesis ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 California, Los Angeles",
  address =      "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 115",
  year =         "1991",
  LCCN =         "LD791.9.C6 S548 1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 11:00:44 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stone:1991:VCS,
  author =       "R. L. Stone and T. S. Nettleship and J. Curtiss",
  title =        "{VM\slash ESA CMS Shared File System}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "52--71",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 15 05:47:47 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Discussed is work toward satisfying requirements on
                 the Conversational Monitor System (CMS) in the areas of
                 data sharing and physical DASD space sharing. This work
                 advances the present CMS file system design. Described
                 is the CMS Shared File System (SFS), which was designed
                 to satisfy the data sharing and physical DASD space
                 sharing requirements by providing a pool of DASD space
                 that is shared among multiple users. DASD space
                 assigned to the pool is easily extended, and read/write
                 sharing of individual files is allowed. Also discussed
                 is SFS security, usage of Virtual Machine/Enterprise
                 Systems Architecture (VM/ESA) data spaces for single
                 system performance, and coordinated resource recovery
                 to provide file data integrity in the distributed
                 environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Data Syst. Div., Endicott, NY, USA",
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Conversational Monitor System; Data sharing; Data
                 spaces; File data integrity; Multiple users; Physical
                 DASD space sharing; Resource recovery; SFS security;
                 Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture; VM/ESA
                 CMS Shared File System",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
  thesaurus =    "File organisation; IBM computers; Operating systems
                 [computers]; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Tollenaere:1991:SMN,
  author =       "T. Tollenaere and G. A. Orban",
  title =        "Simulating modular neural networks on message-passing
                 multiprocessors",
  journal =      j-PARALLEL-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4--5",
  pages =        "361--379",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "PACOEJ",
  ISSN =         "0167-8191 (print), 1872-7336 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-8191",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 14 11:08:33 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C1230 (Artificial intelligence); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Lab. for Neuro- and Psychophysiol., Katholieke Univ.,
                 Leuven, Belgium",
  fjournal =     "Parallel Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678191",
  keywords =     "compiler; data structure; decomposition;
                 entropy-driven artificial neural network; Hopfield
                 network; image restoration; independent simulation
                 environment; machine-; mapping; message-passing
                 multiprocessors; modular neural networks; neural nets;
                 parallel machines; parallel processing; simulation
                 programs; simulator program; splitter program;
                 transputer system; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Varian:1991:VVC,
  author =       "Melinda Varian",
  title =        "{VM} and the {VM} Community: Past, Present, and
                 Future",
  institution =  "Office of Computing and Information Technology,
                 Princeton University",
  address =      "Princeton, NJ 08544, USA",
  pages =        "168",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 06 15:23:37 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/rexx.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Original presented at Australasian SHARE\slash GUIDE
                 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in 1989. This is a
                 detailed history of the development of virtual machine
                 technology on IBM System\slash 360 and later
                 mainframes, and of the opposition by much of IBM to
                 that technology until it was demonstrated that their
                 performance could equal, or even exceed, that of an
                 operating system running on bare hardware, and also
                 allow a single physical host to support multiple
                 operating systems, and software development,
                 simultaneously. There are also several comments about
                 the development of the REXX language, and about the
                 influence of Unix on IBM's software development.",
  URL =          "http://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/neuvm.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "IBM mainframes; REXX; virtual machine (VM)",
}

@Article{Wejchert:1991:VPN,
  author =       "J. Wejchert and G. Tesauro",
  title =        "Visualizing processes in neural networks",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1/2",
  pages =        "244--253",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:26:59 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A real-time visualization toolkit has been designed to
                 study processes in neural network learning. To date,
                 relatively little attention has been given to
                 visualizing these complex, nonlinear systems. Two new
                 visualization methods are introduced and then applied.
                 One represents synaptic weight data as `bonds' of
                 varying length embedded in the geometrical structure of
                 a network. The other maps the temporal trajectory of
                 the system in a multidimensional configuration space as
                 a two-dimensional diagram. Two-dimensional graphics
                 were found to be sufficient for representing dynamic
                 neural processes. As an application, the visualization
                 tools are linked to simulations of networks learning
                 various Boolean functions. A multiwindow environment
                 allows different aspects of the simulation to be viewed
                 simultaneously using real-time animations. The
                 visualization toolkit can be used in a number of ways:
                 to see how solutions to a particular problem are
                 obtained; to observe how different parameters affect
                 learning dynamics; and to identify the decision stages
                 of learning.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Sci. Centre, Winchester, UK",
  classcodes =   "C7430 (Computer engineering); C1230D (Neural nets);
                 C6130B (Graphics techniques); C1240 (Adaptive system
                 theory)",
  classification = "C1230D (Neural nets); C1240 (Adaptive system
                 theory); C6130B (Graphics techniques); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "IBM Sci. Centre, Winchester, UK",
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
  keywords =     "2D diagram; Boolean; Boolean functions; configuration
                 space; Dynamic neural processes; dynamic neural
                 processes; engineering graphics; functions; learning
                 systems; multidimensional; Multidimensional
                 configuration space; Multiwindow environment;
                 multiwindow environment; neural nets; Neural network
                 learning; neural network learning; Neural networks;
                 neural networks; Nonlinear systems; nonlinear systems;
                 real-; Real-time animations; real-time animations;
                 real-time visualization; Real-time visualization
                 toolkit; Synaptic weight data; synaptic weight data;
                 Temporal trajectory; temporal trajectory; time systems;
                 toolkit; virtual machines",
  thesaurus =    "Engineering graphics; Learning systems; Neural nets;
                 Real-time systems; Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Wu:1991:NNS,
  author =       "J.-. L. Wu and S.-T. Cheng",
  title =        "A neural network simulating system",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "92--93",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_01/",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_01/tiff/92.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_01/tiff/93.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Department of Comput. Sci. and Inf. Eng., Nat. Taiwan
                 Univ., Taipei, Taiwan",
  classcodes =   "C7430 (Computer engineering); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6110B (Software engineering techniques);
                 C1230 (Artificial intelligence)",
  classification = "C1230 (Artificial intelligence); C6110B (Software
                 engineering techniques); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci. and Inf. Eng., Nat. Taiwan
                 Univ., Taipei, Taiwan",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "experimental neural network description language;
                 Experimental neural network description language;
                 models; network simulation system; neural; neural nets;
                 neural network; Neural network models; Neural network
                 simulation system; specification languages; unifying
                 way; Unifying way; virtual machines",
  thesaurus =    "Neural nets; Specification languages; Virtual
                 machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Ackerman:1992:SIE,
  author =       "D. F. Ackerman and M. H. Decker and J. J. Gosselin and
                 K. M. Lasko and M. P. Mullen and R. E. Rosa and E. V.
                 Valera and B. Wile",
  title =        "Simulation of {IBM Enterprise System\slash 9000}
                 models 820 and 900",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "751--764",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:26:59 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The discovery and removal of logic design errors early
                 in the development cycle is critical to timely
                 availability of market-driven processor products. The
                 paper describes the part played by simulation in the
                 verification of the high-end models of the IBM
                 Enterprise System/9000 (ES/9000) processor family, and
                 how that effort advanced the state of the art of logic
                 design simulation. The increased complexity of the
                 ES/9000 design over that of the IBM Enterprise
                 System/3090 (ES/3090) necessitated a larger simulation
                 effort. New tools and methods were developed. Two
                 simulation missions were established. Element
                 simulation addressed ES/9000 functional elements (e.g.
                 the storage controller) individually using the Compiled
                 Enhanced Functional Simulator (CEFS), a software tool.
                 System simulation tested two or more functional
                 elements together using the Engineering Verification
                 Engine (EVE), a special-purpose hardware parallel
                 processor, and an attached IBM 3092 Processor
                 Controller (PCE). The results achieved by simulation
                 are discussed, together with the methods used and the
                 impact these results had on the overall verification of
                 the ES/9000 Models 820 and 900.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "IBM Enterprise Syst., Poughkeepsie, NY, USA",
  classcodes =   "C5470 (Performance evaluation and testing); C7430
                 (Computer engineering); C5210 (Logic design methods);
                 C5420 (Mainframes and minicomputers)",
  classification = "C5210 (Logic design methods); C5420 (Mainframes and
                 minicomputers); C5470 (Performance evaluation and
                 testing); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "IBM Enterprise Syst., Poughkeepsie, NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
  keywords =     "Compiled Enhanced Functional Simulator; computer
                 testing; development cycle; Development cycle;
                 Engineering Verification Engine; formal verification;
                 high-end models; High-end models; IBM computers; logic;
                 logic design errors; Logic design errors; logic design
                 simulation; Logic design simulation; mainframes;
                 simulation; Simulation; software tool; Software tool;
                 storage controller; Storage controller; testing;
                 verification; Verification; virtual machines",
  thesaurus =    "Computer testing; Formal verification; IBM computers;
                 Logic testing; Mainframes; Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Darcy:1992:USD,
  author =       "George A. {Darcy III} and Ronald F. Brender and
                 Stephen J. Morris and Michael V. Iles",
  title =        "Using Simulation to Develop and Port Software",
  journal =      j-DEC-TECH-J,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "181--192",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "DTJOEL",
  ISSN =         "0898-901X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 20 18:15:43 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/info/DTJ/v4n4/Using_Simulation_to_Develop_an_01apr1993DTJ812P8.ps;
                 http://www.digital.com:80/info/DTJ812/DTJ812SC.TXT",
  abstract =     "Among the tools developed to support Digital's Alpha
                 AXP program were four software simulators. The
                 Mannequin and ISP instruction set simulators were used
                 to port the OpenVMS and OSF/1 operating systems to the
                 Alpha AXP platform. The Alpha User-mode Debugging
                 Environment (AUD) allowed Alpha AXP user-mode code to
                 be debugged with support from the OpenVMS VAX run-time
                 environment on VAX hardware. AUD was built from a
                 combination of new and existing Digital software
                 components. The Alpha User-mode Debugging Environment
                 for Translated Images (AUDI) allowed translated images
                 to be debugged on a simulator running on a VAX
                 computer. With these debugging environments, user-mode
                 applications and code components could be tested before
                 Alpha AXP hardware and operating system software were
                 available.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7430 (Computer engineering); C6150J (Operating
                 systems); C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and
                 techniques); C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and
                 evaluating systems)",
  classification = "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques);
                 C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems); C6150J (Operating systems); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "Digital Technical Journal",
  keywords =     "(computers); Alpha; Alpha AXP platform; Alpha AXP
                 program; Alpha AXP user-mode code; Alpha User-Mode
                 Debugging Environment; AUDI; AXP platform; AXP
                 user-mode code; Code components; code components;
                 computer; debugged; Debugged; debugging environments;
                 Debugging environments; DEC computers; environment;
                 instruction set simulators; ISP; ISP instruction set
                 simulators; Mannequin; multiprocessing systems; OpenVMS
                 VAX run-time; OpenVMS VAX run-time environment;
                 operating systems; OSF/1 operating systems; program
                 debugging; software portability; Software simulators;
                 software simulators; translated images; Translated
                 images; VAX; VAX computer; VAX hardware; virtual
                 machines",
  thesaurus =    "DEC computers; Multiprocessing systems; Operating
                 systems [computers]; Program debugging; Software
                 portability; Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Garzon:1992:DTG,
  author =       "Max H. Garzon and Stanley P. Franklin and William
                 Baggett and William S. {Boyd, Jr.} and Dinah
                 Dickerson",
  title =        "Design and Testing of a General-Purpose
                 Neurocomputer",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "203--220",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 12 19:06:31 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Memphis State Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Memphis, TN, USA",
  classification = "721; 722; 723; C5220P (Parallel architecture); C5290
                 (Neural computing techniques); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Inst. of Intelligent Syst., Memphis State Univ., TN,
                 USA",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  journalabr =   "J Parallel Distrib Comput",
  keywords =     "AMNIAC; amniac Neurocomputer; Computer Systems,
                 Digital --- Parallel Processing; Computers --- General
                 Purpose Application; Design; Logic Design --- Testing;
                 Logical Design; massively parallel; Massively Parallel
                 Simulations; MIMD; neural nets; Neural Networks; Neural
                 Networks --- Stability; neurocomputer; parallel
                 architectures; Programmable Neural Network;
                 programmable neural network; SIMD; Software Serial;
                 Stability Problem for Networks; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Gjessing:1992:MRL,
  author =       "S. Gjessing and D. B. Gustavson and D. V. James and G.
                 Stone and H. Wiggers",
  title =        "Memory --- a {RAM} link for high speed",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "52--53",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/6.158638",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 16 07:37:23 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeespectrum1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Spectrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6",
  keywords =     "Bandwidth; buffer storage; collision avoidance; Delay;
                 digital simulation; DRAM chips; DRAMs; dynamic RAMs;
                 Encoding; fast memories; fast processors; flash
                 nonvolatile memory; HDTV; interface; internal caching
                 mechanisms; Joining processes; memory-mapped disks;
                 mismatching; model; object-oriented language;
                 object-oriented programming; open standard; open
                 systems; Packaging; performance; RAM link; RamLink;
                 Random access memory; Read-write memory; Registers;
                 ROM; Simula; Standards development; system buses;
                 virtual machines",
}

@Article{Hamilton:1992:SHU,
  author =       "Jeffrey W. Hamilton and Eileen M. Ornsby",
  title =        "Simulating Hypercubes In {Unix}. Part {I}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "72, 74, 76, 108--110, 112--113",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 03 09:15:37 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 UnCover database",
  abstract =     "In this two-part article, our authors describe how you
                 can simulate the execution of a hypercube program on a
                 standard UNIX system. This month, they focus on
                 partitions, the basic building blocks of a hypercube
                 system. Next month, they present the source code for
                 the simulator and discuss how to use the system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5220P (Parallel architecture); C6110P (Parallel
                 programming); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "Hypercube program; Intel iPSC/2 hypercube; UNIX
                 system",
  thesaurus =    "C listings; Hypercube networks; Parallel programming;
                 Unix; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Hirschsohn:1992:PSS,
  author =       "Ian Hirschsohn",
  title =        "Personal Supercomputing: Seamless Portability",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "40, 42--44, 46, 48",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 10:06:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C6115
                 (Programming support); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "386SX; Code transfer; Hardware independent virtual
                 computer; Personal supercomputing; PORT software
                 environment; RISC; Seamless portability",
  thesaurus =    "Programming environments; Reduced instruction set
                 computing; Software portability; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Jim-Min:1992:IES,
  author =       "Lin Jim-Min and Rong Tsai Shang and Tseng Li-Ming",
  title =        "Integrating Existing Software Packages Using the
                 Virtual Machine Technique",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "207--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 16 08:24:49 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "incomplete",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of systems and software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Kutter:1992:STE,
  author =       "Michael Kutter",
  title =        "Simulation And Testboard For Embedded-System Design",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "62, 66--68",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 03 09:15:37 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 UnCover database",
  abstract =     "With software simulation and hardware testboards, you
                 can debug and test code in parallel with hardware
                 development. Michael explains how these techniques were
                 applied to the software-development cycle of an
                 embedded controller.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Advanced NMR Systems Inc., Wilmington, MA, USA",
  classification = "C6110B (Software engineering techniques); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "Advanced NMR Systems; Embedded controller; Embedded
                 system design; Hardware-testboard techniques; Software
                 simulation; Software-development cycle",
  thesaurus =    "Development systems; Real-time systems; Software
                 engineering; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Lin:1992:IES,
  author =       "Jim-Min Lin and Shang Rong Tsai and Li-Ming Tseng",
  title =        "Integrating Existing Software Packages Using the
                 Virtual Machine Technique",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "207--218",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 8 09:22:28 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of systems and software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@TechReport{Loyot:1992:VVM,
  author =       "Edmond C. {Loyot, Jr.}",
  title =        "{VMPP}: a Virtual Machine for Parallel Processing",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-92-30",
  institution =  "University of Virginia",
  day =          "29",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "August 28, 1995",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.virginia.edu/pub/techreports/CS-92-30.ps.Z",
}

@Article{Majumdar:1992:PPC,
  author =       "A. Majumdar and W. R. Martin",
  title =        "Parallel preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm
                 applied to neutron diffusion problem",
  journal =      j-TRANS-AM-NUCL-SOC,
  volume =       "65",
  pages =        "209--210",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "TANSAO",
  ISSN =         "0003-018X",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 22 10:17:16 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
  classification = "A0260 (Numerical approximation and analysis); A2820H
                 (Neutron diffusion); A2841C (Computer codes); C4130
                 (Interpolation and function approximation); C4240P
                 (Parallel programming and algorithm theory); C7470
                 (Nuclear engineering)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the American Nuclear Society",
  keywords =     "BBN TC2000; Distributed workstation; IBM RS6000;
                 Iterative method; Linear system; Neutron diffusion;
                 Parallel PCG algorithm; Parallel virtual machine;
                 Parallelization software; Preconditioned conjugate
                 gradient; Shared memory machine",
  thesaurus =    "Iterative methods; Neutron diffusion; Nuclear
                 engineering computing; Parallel algorithms",
}

@Article{Mebane:1992:EFD,
  author =       "Alfred Holt {Mebane, IV} and James R. Schmedake and
                 Iue-Shuenn Chen and Anne P. Kadonaga",
  title =        "Electronic and firmware design of the {HP DesignJet}
                 drafting plotter",
  journal =      j-HEWLETT-PACKARD-J,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "16--23",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "HPJOAX",
  ISSN =         "0018-1153",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:12:15 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "High-performance vector-to-raster conversion and print
                 engine control are provided by a RISC processor, two
                 single-chip processors, and three custom integrated
                 circuits. Development of the electronics and firmware
                 made extensive use of emulation and simulation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Hewlett Packard Co., Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  classcodes =   "C5550 (Printers, plotters and other hard-copy output
                 devices)C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  classification = "C5550 (Printers, plotters and other hard-copy output
                 devices); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Hewlett Packard Co., Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Hewlett-Packard Journal: technical information from
                 the laboratories of Hewlett-Packard Company",
  keywords =     "application specific integrated circuits; computing;
                 Custom integrated circuits; custom integrated circuits;
                 Emulation; emulation; firmware; Firmware design;
                 firmware design; Hewlett; HP DesignJet drafting
                 plotter; Packard computers; plotters; Print engine
                 control; print engine control; raster conversion;
                 reduced instruction set; RISC processor; Simulation;
                 simulation; Single-chip processors; single-chip
                 processors; vector-to-; Vector-to-raster conversion;
                 virtual machines",
  thesaurus =    "Application specific integrated circuits; Firmware;
                 Hewlett Packard computers; Plotters; Reduced
                 instruction set computing; Virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Muller:1992:ASP,
  author =       "Urs A. Muller and Bernhard Baumle and Peter Kohler and
                 Anton Gunzinger and Walter Guggenbuhl",
  title =        "Achieving Supercomputer Performance for Neural Net
                 Simulation with an Array of Digital Signal Processors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "55--65",
  day =          "1",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/40.166714",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000); UnCover
                 library database",
  abstract =     "High-power computing for neural network simulation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques); C5220P
                 (Parallel architecture); C7430 (Computer engineering);
                 C6110P (Parallel programming); C5290 (Neural computing
                 techniques); C5135 (Digital signal processing chips)",
  corpsource =   "Electron. Lab., Swiss Federal Inst. of Technol.,
                 Zurich, Switzerland",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
  keywords =     "2.7 GFLOPS; architecture; architectures;
                 backpropagation; digital signal processing chips;
                 digital signal processors array; interconnection
                 networks; multiprocessor; Music; neural net simulation;
                 neural nets; parallel; parallel distributed-memory;
                 parallel programming; programming; supercomputer
                 performance; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Nakanishi:1992:SSP,
  author =       "H. Nakanishi and V. Rego and V. Sunderam",
  title =        "Superconcurrent simulation of polymer chains on
                 heterogeneous networks",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1992:PSM",
  pages =        "561--569",
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 15 15:37:20 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "A6140K (Polymers, elastomers, and plastics); C1140Z
                 (Other and miscellaneous); C7320 (Physics and
                 Chemistry); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Phys. and CS, Purdue Univ., West
                 Lafayette, IN, USA",
  keywords =     "EcliPSe toolkit; heterogeneous computing nodes;
                 heterogeneous networks; massively parallel stochastic
                 simulation; physics computing; polymer chains; polymer
                 structure; price-performance ratios; scale-invariant
                 phenomena; stochastic processes; superconcurrent
                 simulation; toolkit-based parallelization; tree-
                 structure; tree-structured virtual machine; virtual
                 machines",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE; ACM",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Article{Neuman:COMPSYS-5-4-407,
  author =       "B. Clifford Neuman",
  title =        "The {Prospero} File System: a Global File System
                 Based on the Virtual System Model",
  journal =      j-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "407--432",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "CMSYE2",
  ISSN =         "0895-6340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 13 07:44:41 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inf. Sci. Inst., Univ. of Southern California, Los
                 Angeles, SC, USA",
  classification = "B6210L (Computer communications); C5620 (Computer
                 networks and techniques); C6120 (File organisation)",
  keywords =     "Computer systems; Customized view; Global environment;
                 Global file system; Large geographic areas;
                 Organizational boundaries; Prospero File System;
                 Virtual system model",
  thesaurus =    "Distributed processing; File organisation; Virtual
                 storage",
}

@Article{Nourse:1992:MWN,
  author =       "Andrew W. Nourse",
  title =        "{Microsoft Windows} Network Virtual Device Drivers in
                 {PATHWORKS} for {DOS}",
  journal =      j-DEC-TECH-J,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "47--55 (or 47--56??)",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "DTJOEL",
  ISSN =         "0898-901X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 20 18:15:43 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/info/DTJ/v4n1/Microsoft_Windows_Network_Virt_01oct1992DTJ506P8.ps;
                 http://www.digital.com:80/info/DTJ506/DTJ506SC.TXT",
  abstract =     "Digital's PATHWORKS for DOS version 4.1 personal
                 computer integration software includes two network
                 virtual device drivers for the Microsoft Windows
                 environment. These drivers allow Windows applications
                 operating in a protected processor mode and standard
                 DOS applications in a virtual machine to concurrently
                 access services designed to run in real mode under the
                 DOS operating system. The network virtual device
                 drivers, available only in Microsoft Windows enhanced
                 mode, manage DECnet and NetBIOS operations and permit
                 the full use of these interfaces.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150N (Distributed systems)",
  classification = "C6150N (Distributed systems)",
  fjournal =     "Digital Technical Journal",
  keywords =     "DECnet; device drivers; graphical user interfaces;
                 Microsoft Windows; NetBIOS; network operating systems;
                 network virtual; Network virtual device drivers;
                 personal computer integration software; Personal
                 computer integration software",
  thesaurus =    "Graphical user interfaces; Network operating systems",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Saeed:1992:ICM,
  author =       "Faisel Saeed and K. M. George and M. H. Samadzadeh",
  title =        "Implementation of classical mutual exclusion
                 algorithms in {Ada}",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--84",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 9 09:05:44 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a scheme for defining a simulation
                 environment for n-process mutual exclusion algorithms
                 based on an Ada virtual machine. Several algorithms
                 have been implemented and tested in this simulation
                 environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Oklahoma State Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Stillwater, OK, USA",
  classcodes =   "C6110P (Parallel programming); C6150J (Operating
                 systems); C6140D (High level languages); C7430
                 (Computer engineering); C6185 (Simulation techniques)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci., Oklahoma State Univ.,
                 Stillwater, OK, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
  journalabr =   "Ada Lett",
  keywords =     "Ada; Ada listings; Ada Virtual Machine; Ada virtual
                 machine; classical mutual; Computer Programming ---
                 Algorithms; Computer Programming Languages --- Ada;
                 Computer Simulation; concurrency control; DELAY
                 statements; digital simulation; exclusion algorithms;
                 implementation template; Mutual Exclusion Algorithms;
                 n-process mutual exclusion algorithms; parallel
                 programming; Simulation Environment; simulation
                 environment; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Salter:1992:EHW,
  author =       "Brett Salter",
  title =        "An exception handler for {Windows} 3",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "32, 34, 36, 102, 104--107",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 10:06:23 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 UnCover database",
  abstract =     "When writing Periscope/32 for Windows, a system-level
                 debugger for Windows 3, Brett needed to debug the
                 debugger so he developed WINX.386. This Windows
                 exception handler is implemented as an Enhanced Mode
                 Windows virtual device driver that oversees what's
                 happening with other VxDs, normal Windows applications
                 and drivers, and the DOS box --- including TSRs and DOS
                 device drivers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "The Periscope Co., Atlanta, GA, USA",
  classification = "C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and
                 evaluating systems); C6150N (Distributed systems);
                 C6180G (Graphical user interfaces)",
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
  keywords =     "DOS device drivers; Enhanced mode Windows virtual
                 device driver; Exception handler; Periscope/32;
                 System-level debugger; Windows 3; WINX.386",
  thesaurus =    "Assembly language listings; Error handling; Graphical
                 user interfaces; Input-output programs;
                 Multiprogramming; Program debugging; Virtual machines",
}

@TechReport{Simpkins:1992:AVP,
  author =       "N. K. Simpkins",
  title =        "{ALEP-0 Version 2.2: Prototype Virtual Machine}",
  institution =  "CEC",
  publisher =    "Commission of the European Communities",
  address =      "Luxembourg, Luxembourg",
  year =         "1992",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "(User guide for the Advanced Language Engineering
                 Platform). BIM",
}

@Article{Sterrett:1992:PMA,
  author =       "Anthony Sterrett and Marvin Minei",
  title =        "Performance measures of the {Ada Rendezvous}",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "97--101",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 9 09:05:44 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A discussion is presented of the average rendezvous
                 response time (RRT) for a transaction-based
                 two-processor system. RRT is discussed from the point
                 of view of a sensitivity study. Generalized performance
                 curves for the rendezvous are shown, along with
                 commentary on their performance elbows (bottlenecks).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Naval Ocean Systems Cent",
  affiliationaddress = "San Diego, CA, USA",
  classcodes =   "C6150N (Distributed systems); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
  journalabr =   "Ada Lett",
  keywords =     "Ada; Ada rendezvous; asynchronous tasks;
                 communication; Computer Programming Languages; computer
                 simulations; Computer Systems, Digital ---
                 Multiprocessing; Computer Systems, Digital ---
                 Performance; curves; multiprocessing programs;
                 performance; performance behavior; performance
                 evaluation; Rendezvous Response Time; rendezvous
                 response time; sensitivity studies; synchronized;
                 two-processor system; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Tollenaere:1992:PIC,
  author =       "Tom Tollenaere and Marc M. {Van Hulle} and Guy A.
                 Orban",
  title =        "Parallel Implementation and Capabilities of
                 Entropy-Driven Artificial Neural Networks",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "286--305",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 12 19:06:31 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven",
  affiliationaddress = "Leuven, Belgium",
  classification = "723; 741; C5290 (Neural computing techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Katholieke Univ., Leuven, Belgium",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  journalabr =   "J Parallel Distrib Comput",
  keywords =     "Applications; EDANN; Entropy Driven Artificial Neural
                 Networks (EDANN); entropy-driven artificial neural
                 networks; Local Line Detection Operators; Network
                 Topology; neural nets; Neural Networks; parallel;
                 parallel simulator; Parallel Transputer Array; Retinal
                 Image; simulation environment; transputer array;
                 virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Turega:1992:CAS,
  author =       "M. Turega",
  title =        "A Computer Architecture to Support Neural Net
                 Simulation",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "353--360",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 21 09:53:36 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/Volume_35/Issue_04/Vol35_04.index.html",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/Volume_35/Issue_04/Vol35_04.body.html#AbstractTurega",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Department of Comput., Univ. of Manchester Inst. of
                 Sci. Technol., UK",
  author-1-adr = "Department of Computation, University of Manchester
                 Institute Of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 88,
                 Manchester M60 IQD",
  classcodes =   "C7430 (Computer engineering); C5220P (Parallel
                 architecture); C5290 (Neural computing techniques);
                 C1230D (Neural nets)",
  classification = "C1230D (Neural nets); C5220P (Parallel
                 architecture); C5290 (Neural computing techniques);
                 C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput., Univ. of Manchester Inst. of
                 Sci. Technol., UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "architecture; back propagation model; Back propagation
                 model; computer; Computer architecture; input response;
                 Input response; memory nodes; Memory nodes; neural net
                 simulation; Neural net simulation; neural nets;
                 parallel architectures; processor nodes; Processor
                 nodes; real-world problems; Real-world problems;
                 virtual machines; weight adjustment; Weight
                 adjustment",
  thesaurus =    "Neural nets; Parallel architectures; Virtual
                 machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Cahill:1993:ICV,
  author =       "Vinny Cahill and Paul Taylor and Gradimir Starovic and
                 Brendan Tangney and Darragh O'Grady and Rodger Lea and
                 Christian Jacquemot and Peter Strarup Jensen and Paulo
                 Amaral and Adam Mirowski and James Loveluck and Youcef
                 Laribi and Xavier Rousset de Pina and Pedro Sousa",
  title =        "Implementing the {Comandos} Virtual Machine",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "TCD-CS-93-32",
  institution =  "Trinity College; Chorus Systemes; OSF Grenoble
                 Research Institute; Unite mixte BULL-IMAG; INESC",
  address =      "Dublin, Ireland; Grenoble, France",
  pages =        "50",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 08:38:58 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Also in Chapter 10 of The Comandos Distributed
                 Application Platform.Cahill, {V}., Balter, {R}.,
                 Harris, {N}., and Rousset dePina, {X}.
                 (Ed.s),Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993.",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/pub/tcd/tech-reports/reports.93/TCD-CS-93-32.ps.gz;
                 ftp://ftp.dsg.cs.tcd.ie/pub/doc/TCD-CS-93-32.ps.gz",
  abstract =     "This report describes the different implementations of
                 the Comandos platform. This report is published as
                 Chapter 10 of The Comandos Distributed Application
                 Platform Cahill, V., Balter, R., Harris, N., and
                 Rousset de Pina, X. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
                 1993",
  contact-1 =    "<Vinny.Cahill@cs.tcd.ie>",
  contact-2 =    "<ptaylor@iona.com>",
  contact-3 =    "<Gradimir.Starovic@cs.tcd.ie>",
  contact-4 =    "<tangney@cs.tcd.ie>",
  contact-5 =    "<pms@inesc.pt>",
  copyright =    "1993 TCD DSG",
  dsgref =       "comandos",
  retrieval =    "Hard copy available by writing to: Rachel Noctor,
                 Librarian, Department of Computer Science, Trinity
                 College, Dublin 2, Ireland",
  source =       "~publications/published/DeptTechReports/ComandosBookTRs/C10-vm_impl/",
  xxnote =       "Check last author: Sousa or Souza??",
}

@MastersThesis{Cavender:1993:APV,
  author =       "Mark Edward Cavender",
  title =        "Asynchronous parallel virtual machine",
  type =         "M.S. thesis",
  school =       "University of Texas at San Antonio. Division of
                 Mathematics and Computer Science and Statistics",
  address =      "San Antonio, TX, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 228",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 15 18:16:25 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Parallel processing (Electronic computers); Virtual
                 computer systems.",
}

@TechReport{Crowl:1993:CLI,
  author =       "Lawrence A. Crowl",
  title =        "A Common Library Interface to Shared-Memory
                 Multiprocessors",
  number =       "93-80-08",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Oregon State
                 University",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Fri, 15 Dec 1995 03:17:47 GMT",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.orst.edu/techpub/reports/1993/1993R-ORSTCS-93-80-08/",
  abstract =     "Programmers using a wide variety of shared-memory
                 multiprocessors cannot yet rely on the availability of
                 programming tools other than K\&R C and Fortran 77. To
                 overcome the sequential nature of these languages,
                 vendors usually provide parallel programming primitives
                 via user-callable libraries. Unfortunately, the
                 vendor-provided libraries often differ substantially.
                 In addition to providing differing mechanisms to create
                 and synchronize processes; libraries often have
                 different models of how the processes share and
                 allocate memory within their address space. This paper
                 describes a common library interface to seven different
                 shared-memory multiprocessors. Surprisingly, this
                 library needs only two pages of implementation on each
                 of the multiprocessors. However, the effect on the
                 programming model is significant. Programmers must use
                 the library's virtual machine model to obtain efficient
                 programs on all the different physical machines.",
  keywords =     "multiprocessor shared-memory programming parallel
                 portable system operating multiprocessor",
}

@Article{Culler:1993:LTR,
  author =       "David E. Culler and Richard M. Karp and David A.
                 Patterson and Abhijit Sahay and Klaus E. Schauser and
                 Eunice Santos and Ramesh Subramonian and Thorsten von
                 Eicken",
  title =        "{LogP}: towards a realistic model of parallel
                 computation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1--12",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:39 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Div. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Berkeley, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques);
                 C6110P (Parallel programming); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  confdate =     "19-22 May 1993",
  conflocation = "San Diego, CA, USA",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "CM-5; Communication bandwidth; Communication delay;
                 Computing bandwidth; LogP; Machine configuration;
                 Machine designers; Parallel computers; Parallel machine
                 model; Portable parallel algorithms",
  thesaurus =    "Parallel algorithms; Parallel machines; Parallel
                 programming; Virtual machines",
}

@InProceedings{Despons:1993:CCP,
  author =       "R. Despons and T. Muntean",
  title =        "Constructing correct protocols for a diffusion virtual
                 machine in message passing parallel architectures",
  crossref =     "Grebe:1993:TAS",
  pages =        "465--480",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 16 06:39:19 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5220P (Parallel architecture); C5440
                 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques); C5640
                 (Protocols); C6150N (Distributed systems); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "IMAG-LGI Lab., Grenoble Univ., France",
  keywords =     "architectures; communication protocols; diffusion
                 protocols; diffusion virtual machine; machines;
                 massively parallel architectures; message passing;
                 parallel; parallel algorithms; parallel applications;
                 parallel architectures; parallel machines; programming
                 environments; protocols; virtual machines",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Drapeau:1993:SLT,
  author =       "Ann L. Drapeau and Randy H. Katz",
  title =        "Striping in Large Tape Libraries",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1993:PSP",
  pages =        "378--387",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 15 12:04:03 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of California",
  affiliationaddress = "Berkeley, CA, USA",
  classification = "723; C5320C (Storage on moving magnetic media);
                 C5470 (Performance evaluation and testing); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Comput. Sci. Div., California Univ., Berkeley, CA,
                 USA",
  keywords =     "data striping concepts; Database systems; discrete
                 event simulation; event-driven simulator; Event-driven
                 simulator; EXB120 tape robot; large tape libraries;
                 Large tape libraries; magnetic tape storage; Massive
                 tertiary storage systems; multimedia databases;
                 Non-striping system; online libraries; performance
                 evaluation; random workload; randomly distributed
                 access; records management; robot arms; Scientific data
                 collection; software libraries; Storage allocation
                 (computer); Striping concepts; tertiary storage
                 databases; virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE; ACM SIGARCH",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Golub:1993:MER,
  author =       "D. B. Golub and R. Manikundalam and F. L. Rawson",
  title =        "{MVM}---an environment for running multiple {DOS},
                 {Windows} and {DPMI} programs on the microkernel",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1993:PUM",
  pages =        "173--190",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 28 18:52:45 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sch. of Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques);
                 C6150J (Operating systems); C6150N (Distributed
                 systems)",
  keywords =     "Access sharing; Client/server emulation cradle; DOS
                 Protected Mode Interface; DPMI programs; Industry
                 standard; Legacy software; Mach based systems;
                 Microkernel; Multiple applications; Multiple DOS
                 programs; Multiple Virtual Machines; MVM; PC DOS
                 system; Personal computer; Protected mode DOS
                 extenders; Virtual machine environment; Windows",
  thesaurus =    "IBM computers; Input-output programs; Microcomputer
                 applications; Multiprocessing programs; Operating
                 systems [computers]; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Grimshaw:1993:DOP,
  author =       "Andrew S. Grimshaw and W. Timothy Strayer and P.
                 Narayan",
  title =        "Dynamic, object-oriented parallel processing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-PAR-DIST-TECH,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33--47",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IPDTEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/88.218174",
  ISSN =         "1063-6552 (print), 1558-1861 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6552",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 11 07:24:28 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Virginia",
  classification = "721.1; 722.4; 723.1; C5440 (Multiprocessor systems
                 and techniques); C6110B (Software engineering
                 techniques); C6110J (Object-oriented programming);
                 C6115 (Programming support)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci., Virginia Univ.,
                 Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  fjournal =     "IEEE parallel and distributed technology: systems and
                 applications",
  journalabr =   "IEEE Parallel Distrib Technol",
  keywords =     "32-node Intel iPSC/2; based distributed-memory
                 systems; comparison; compiler-; Computer programming;
                 Concurrent programs; Distributed computer systems; DNA;
                 dynamic parallel processing; easy; Gaussian
                 elimination; hand-coded implementations; high
                 performance; hypercube; image convolution; medium-grain
                 parallel; Mentat; Multiprocessing systems; Object
                 oriented programming; object-; object-oriented
                 programming; oriented parallel processing; Parallel
                 processing; parallel processing; Parallel processing
                 systems; Parallel programming; parallelism; partial;
                 performance evaluation; pivoting; portable software;
                 protein sequence; software; software portability;
                 software tools; sparse matrix-vector multiplication;
                 Sun IPC Sparcstations; virtual-machine model",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Herbordt:1993:EEA,
  author =       "Martin C. Herbordt and Charles C. Weems",
  title =        "An Environment for Evaluating Architectures for
                 Spatially Mapped Computatio: System Architecture and
                 Preliminary Results",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "UM-CS-1993-070",
  institution =  "University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Computer
                 Science",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 11:35:35 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.cs.umass.edu/pub/techrept/1993/UM-CS-1993-070.ps",
  abstract =     "An environment which addresses several problems in
                 evaluating massively parallel array architectures is
                 described. A realistic workload including a series of
                 applications currently being used as building blocks in
                 vision research has been constructed. Both flexibility
                 in architectural parameter selection and simulation
                 efficiency are maintained by combining virtual machine
                 emulation with trace driven simulation. The trade-off
                 between fairness to diverse target architectures and
                 programmability of the test programs is addressed
                 through the use of operator and application libraries.
                 Initial results are presented indicating the
                 appropriate balance between register file and cache to
                 optimize performance under varying levels of processor
                 element virtualization.",
  keywords =     "ENPASSANT; machine emulation; massively parallel array
                 architectures; trace driven simulation; virtual",
  notes =        "93-70 {"}An Environment for Evaluating Architectures
                 for Spatially Mapped Computation: System Architecture
                 and Preliminary Results{"} Martic C. Herbordt, Charles
                 C. Weems Computer Science Department Box 34610 Lederle
                 Graduate Research Center University of Massachusetts
                 Amherst, MA 01003-4610 September 1993",
  revision =     "April 3, 1996",
}

@Article{Inouchi:1993:PTI,
  author =       "H. Inouchi and N. McLoughlin",
  editor =       "H. Sorensen",
  title =        "Parallel techniques for image processing and
                 artificial neural network simulation",
  journal =      "Ai and Cognitive Science '91",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "177--89",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The emergence of systems composed of multiple
                 processing elements and memory units, and their
                 associated models of computation promise to alleviate
                 many of the limitations of conventional Von Neumann
                 architectures. The implication of this to the field of
                 artificial intelligence is twofold, parallel systems
                 offer both a significant increase in computing
                 power/speed available, and a more natural physical
                 architecture for implementing parallel solutions to AI
                 problems. We discuss general parallel programming
                 techniques, their real applications to image processing
                 and neural network simulation, parallel implementation
                 of neural network models, and finally we finish with
                 our conclusions derived from this work.",
  keywords =     "AI problems; artificial intelligence; artificial
                 neural network simulation; computation models; image
                 processing; memory units; multiple processing elements;
                 NEURAL NETS; neural network models IMAGE PROCESSING;
                 PARALLEL ALGORITHMS; parallel programming; PARALLEL
                 PROGRAMMING; parallel systems; parallel techniques;
                 VIRTUAL MACHINES; Von Neumann architectures",
}

@PhdThesis{Knaggs:1993:PTA,
  author =       "Peter J. Knaggs",
  title =        "Practical and Theoretical Aspects of {Forth} Software
                 Development",
  school =       "School of Computing and Mathematics",
  address =      "University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, Cleveland. UK",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://cis.paisley.ac.uk/forth/thesis",
  abstract =     "This is an investigation into the use of the Forth
                 programming environment. The main areas of enquiry
                 were: interfacing Forth to other languages; interfacing
                 Forth and local area networks; and the use of RISC
                 processors with stack based architecture such as the
                 NC4000 and Harris RTX series.\par

                 We describe how to interface Forth and C. We also
                 provide a system with a multi-tasking interrupt driven
                 interface to the IBM NetBIOS networking software and a
                 simple, generic, method of task activation through
                 message passing.\par

                 Many aspects of the investigation proved to be
                 dependent on a more thorough theoretical underpinning
                 for the Forth language. The use of a typeless parameter
                 stack means that a programmer must concern himself with
                 the intellectual burden of managing the parameter
                 stack. The mismatching of stack elements can be the
                 cause of subtle logic errors. We therefore investigated
                 the possibility of developing a ``type algebra'' that
                 would allow us to develop a typed version of Forth.
                 This thesis includes a theory for a ``type signature
                 algebra'' for the stack based argument passing method
                 used by Forth.\par

                 To support the use of multi-tasking we provide a
                 simple, but formal, theory of concurrent tasks based on
                 state machines that synchronise on events. This has a
                 graphical notation for people who are not familiar with
                 formal notations.\par

                 We also looked at how formalisms might be used to
                 define a semantic model for the Forth language and how
                 formalisms can help to define the relationship between
                 Forth's stack based virtual machine and register based
                 target processors.",
}

@Article{Kumar:1993:FHS,
  author =       "Sanjaya Kumar and James H. Aylor and Barry W. Johnson
                 and Wm. A. Wulf",
  title =        "A Framework for Hardware\slash Software Codesign",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "39--45",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 3 07:28:57 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents several codesign concepts,
                 including a. model for evaluating hardware/software
                 alternatives and an integrated hardware/software model
                 that supports representations at different levels of
                 detail.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  classification = "722; 723; C5210 (Logic design methods); C6110B
                 (Software engineering techniques); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "Codesign exploration; Codesign methodology; Common
                 simulation environment; Computer hardware; Computer
                 software; Computers; Design; Hardware design; Hardware
                 software codesign; Hardware/software codesign;
                 Hardware/software tradeoffs; Interface modification;
                 Model continuity; Software design",
  thesaurus =    "Discrete event simulation; Logic design; Software
                 engineering; Virtual machines",
}

@InProceedings{Loyot:1993:VVM,
  author =       "E. C. {Loyot, Jr.} and A. S. Grimshaw",
  title =        "{VMPP}: a virtual machine for parallel processing",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1993:PSI",
  pages =        "735--740",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 16 06:39:19 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110P (Parallel programming); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci., Virginia Univ.,
                 Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  keywords =     "front-end translators; parallel languages; parallel
                 processing; parallel source languages; portability;
                 program interpreters; software; virtual machine;
                 virtual machines; VMPP",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE Comput. Soc.; ACM Sigarch",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Manning:1993:AAE,
  author =       "Serge M. Manning and David G. Meyer",
  title =        "Analysis of Asynchronous Execution Streams with
                 {I}-Caching in Massively Parallel Systems",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "279--291",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1006/jpdc.1993.1112",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 9 09:18:53 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.idealibrary.com/servlet/useragent?func=showAllIssues&curIssueID=jpdc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jpdc.1993.1112/production;
                 http://www.idealibrary.com/links/doi/10.1006/jpdc.1993.1112/production/pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5220P (Parallel architecture); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Sch. of Electr. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette,
                 IN, USA",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  keywords =     "asynchronous execution streams; buffer storage;
                 I-caching; instruction caching system; massively; mode;
                 multiprocessor simulation; parallel architectures;
                 parallel program execution; parallel systems; SIMD;
                 SPMD; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{McHugh:1993:ILC,
  author =       "C. (Colm) McHugh and V. (Vinny) Cahill",
  title =        "Interfacing a language to the {Commandos} [i.e.,
                 {Comandos}] virtual machine",
  volume =       "TCD-CS-93-33",
  type =         "External technical reports",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Trinity College",
  address =      "Dublin, Ireland",
  pages =        "23",
  year =         "1993",
  LCCN =         "95.B02502",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:15 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Eiffel (Computer program language); Electronic data
                 processing; Distributed processing; Object-oriented
                 programming (Computer science)",
}

@InProceedings{Mzaik:1993:SPA,
  author =       "T. Mzaik and J. Jagadeesh",
  booktitle =    "National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON
                 1993",
  title =        "Simulation of pyramid architecture on the connection
                 machine and implementation of algorithms",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "838--44",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Many parallel architectures have been proposed to meet
                 the high computational requirement of image processing
                 and computer vision . SIMD pyramid architectures have
                 been proposed to efficiently implement several classes
                 of vision tasks such as multiresolution and
                 top-down/bottom up algorithms. In this paper, a pyramid
                 simulation environment implemented on the Connection
                 Machine (CM) is presented. Discussion of the mapping
                 scheme and the basic features of the simulator along
                 with implementation of several pyramid algorithms using
                 the simulator is presented.",
  keywords =     "computer vision; connection machine; Gaussian pyramid;
                 image processing; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; Laplacian
                 pyramid; mapping; multiresolution algorithm; NEURAL
                 NETS; PARALLEL ALGORITHMS; parallel architectures;
                 PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES; PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENTS;
                 pyramid algorithms; pyramid architecture; pyramid
                 search; pyramid simulation environment; segmentation
                 COMPUTER VISION; SIMD; subband pyramid; top-down/bottom
                 up algorithms; VIRTUAL MACHINES",
}

@InProceedings{Poulsen:1993:ETP,
  author =       "David K. Poulsen and Pen-Chung Yew",
  title =        "Execution-Driven Tools for Parallel Simulation of
                 Parallel Architectures and Applications",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1993:PSP",
  pages =        "860--869",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 15 12:04:03 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
  affiliationaddress = "Urbana, IL, USA",
  classification = "723; 921.5; C5220P (Parallel architecture); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Center for Supercomput. Res. and Dev., Illinois Univ.,
                 Urbana, IL, USA",
  keywords =     "Critical path simulation (CPS); EPG-sim;
                 execution-driven critical path simulation;
                 execution-driven simulations; Execution-driven tools;
                 intelligent source-level instrumentation; Intelligent
                 source-level instrumentation; optimistically
                 parallelized codes; Optimization; parallel application
                 codes; parallel applications; parallel architectures;
                 Parallel processing systems; parallelising compilers;
                 Parallelizing compilers; parallelizing compilers;
                 Program compilers; program compilers; software tools;
                 Source-level instrumentation; source-level
                 instrumentation; trace generation; virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE; ACM SIGARCH",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Ramsdell:1993:RVP,
  author =       "John D. Ramsdell",
  title =        "The Revised {VLISP} PreScheme Front End",
  institution =  "MITRE",
  pages =        "91",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://cs.indiana.edu/pub/scheme-repository/txt/vlisp/preschemerevised.dvi.Z",
  abstract =     "Verified programming Languaeg Implementation Project
                 developed a formally verified implementation of the
                 Scheme programming language. It used a systems
                 programming dialect of Scheme, called VLISP PreScheme
                 to program the VLISP Virtual Machine, a byte-code
                 interpreter. The original compiler only accepted
                 programs that specify iterative processes. This
                 document describes a revision of the language and its
                 compiler. The most important change is the compiler
                 provides a stack to save control information for
                 procedure calls so programs that specify recursive
                 processes are accepted. the revision expands the
                 systems programming tasks for which VLISP PreScheme can
                 be used and simplifies the task of matching an
                 algorithm with its code.",
  checked =      "19940101",
  email =        "ramsdell@mitre.org",
  source =       "URL",
}

@Article{Rong:1993:LMM,
  author =       "Tsai Shang Rong and Lian-Jou Tsai",
  title =        "A Logical Machine Monitor Supporting an Environment
                 for Development and Execution of Operating Systems",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--39",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 16 08:24:49 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The logical machine is an approach for designing and
                 developing operating systems. It partitions
                 conventional operating systems into two parts, the
                 logical machine operating system and the logical
                 machine monitor, which are responsible for user
                 services and system resource management, respectively.
                 The logical machine monitor provides a logical machine
                 interface for the logical machine operating system to
                 get the resources it needs. A logical machine monitor,
                 LMM386, has been successfully implemented to provide an
                 environment for the development and execution of a
                 logical machine operating systems (LMOS). Also, the
                 LMM386 introduces a tool for developing LMM386 itself
                 and the LMOS. This article discusses how to develop a
                 logical machine system on 80386 machines. An LMOS
                 derived from MINIX, executed in this environment, was
                 built to demonstrate the feasibility and merits of the
                 logical machine concept. By this approach, one can
                 easily monitor the behaviour of the LMOS. Furthermore,
                 by applying the concept in a distributed environment,
                 one can enhance the system capabilities, such as remote
                 disk mapping, disk replication and fault tolerance,
                 without changing the internal logic of the LMOS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Department of Electr. Eng., Nat. Cheng-Kung Univ.,
                 Tainan, Taiwan",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of systems and software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  keywords =     "80386 Machines; Disk replication; Distributed
                 environment; Fault tolerance; LMM386; Logical machine
                 monitor; Logical machine operating system; MINIX;
                 Remote disk mapping; System development; System
                 resource management; User services; Virtual machine",
  thesaurus =    "Operating systems [computers]; Virtual machines",
  xxauthor =     "Shang Rong Tsai and Lian-Jou Tsai",
}

@InProceedings{Sebes:1993:MAL,
  author =       "E. J. Sebes and T. C. Vickers-Benzel",
  title =        "Modularity of Assembly-Language Implementations of
                 Trusted Systems",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1993:NCS",
  pages =        "173--184",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents an approach to assessing the
                 modularity of trusted systems that are implemented in
                 low-level languages. The approach presented is based on
                 experience gained from in-depth analyses of the
                 security features of such systems. The methods
                 described here are centered around defining analogs of
                 high-level language (HLL) constructs in low-level
                 language (LLL) implementations, so that similar
                 modularity interpretations can be applied. This paper
                 can serve to extend the findings of the NSA System
                 Architecture Working Group (SAWG) to the critical class
                 of complex trusted systems which require the use of
                 lower level implementation languages. Such LLL
                 modularity interpretations are essential to the
                 application of evaluation criteria to a broad range of
                 systems, including trusted systems for use in embedded
                 or real-time military applications, and mainframe
                 trusted system products such as OSs or Virtual Machine
                 Monitors. Many such systems must use a carefully
                 balanced approach to meeting requirements such as
                 reconfigurability, fault tolerance, and isolation-based
                 access control, while still satisfying modularity
                 requirements.",
  keywords =     "Trusted Systems, Evaluation Criteria, Modularity,
                 Assembly-Language, Software Analysis Techniques,
                 Software Development Techniques",
}

@TechReport{Simpkins:1993:AVM,
  author =       "N. K. Simpkins and G. Cruickshank and
                 {P.E.International}",
  title =        "{ALEP-0 Virtual Machine extensions}",
  institution =  "CEC",
  year =         "1993",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
}

@Article{Tsai:1993:LMM,
  author =       "Shang Rong Tsai and Lian-Jou Tsai",
  title =        "A logical machine monitor supporting an environment
                 for development and execution of operating systems",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--39",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 30 17:00:16 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The logical machine is an approach for designing and
                 developing operating systems. It partitions
                 conventional operating systems into two parts, the
                 logical machine operating system and the logical
                 machine monitor, which are responsible for user
                 services and system resource management, respectively.
                 The logical machine monitor provides a logical machine
                 interface for the logical machine operating system to
                 get the resources it needs. A logical machine monitor,
                 LMM386, has been successfully implemented to provide an
                 environment for the development and execution of a
                 logical machine operating systems (LMOS). Also, the
                 LMM386 introduces a tool for developing LMM386 itself
                 and the LMOS. This article discusses how to develop a
                 logical machine system on 80386 machines. An LMOS
                 derived from MINIX, executed in this environment, was
                 built to demonstrate the feasibility and merits of the
                 logical machine concept. By this approach, one can
                 easily monitor the behaviour of the LMOS. Furthermore,
                 by applying the concept in a distributed environment,
                 one can enhance the system capabilities, such as remote
                 disk mapping, disk replication and fault tolerance,
                 without changing the internal logic of the LMOS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Department of Electr. Eng., Nat. Cheng-Kung Univ.,
                 Tainan, Taiwan",
  classification = "C6150J (Operating systems); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of systems and software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  keywords =     "80386 Machines; Disk replication; Distributed
                 environment; Fault tolerance; LMM386; Logical machine
                 monitor; Logical machine operating system; MINIX;
                 Remote disk mapping; System development; System
                 resource management; User services; Virtual machine",
  thesaurus =    "Operating systems [computers]; Virtual machines",
}

@TechReport{Anonymous:1994:SAS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Software architecture standard for simulation virtual
                 machine: version 2.0",
  number =       "NASA CR-188291",
  institution =  "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1994",
  LCCN =         "NAS 1.26:188291",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:28 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "NASA contractor report",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Shipping list number 94-0856-M.",
  subject =      "ADA (programming language).; Computer programming.;
                 Computerized simulation.; Maintenance.; Real time
                 operation.; Software engineering.; Standards",
}

@Article{Argade:1994:TMR,
  author =       "Pramod V. Argade and David K. Charles and Craig
                 Taylor",
  title =        "A technique for monitoring run-time dynamics of an
                 operating system and a microprocessor executing user
                 applications",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "122--131",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:57 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/; http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/asplos/195473/p122-argade/",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we present a non-invasive and efficient
                 technique for simulating applications complete with
                 their operating system interaction. The technique
                 involves booting and initiating an application on a
                 hardware development system, capturing the entire state
                 of the application and the microprocessor at a well
                 defined point in execution and then simulating the
                 application on microprocessor simulators. Extensive
                 statistics generated from the simulators on run-time
                 dynamics of the application, the operating system as
                 well as the microprocessor enabled us to tune the
                 operating system and the microprocessor architecture
                 and implementation. The results also enabled us to
                 optimize system level design choices by
                 anticipating/predicting the performance of the target
                 system. Lastly, the results were used to adjust and
                 refocus the evolution of the architecture of both the
                 operating system and the microprocessor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5430 (Microcomputers); C5470 (Performance
                 evaluation and testing); C6150G (Diagnostic, testing,
                 debugging and evaluating systems); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  conflocation = "San Jose, CA, USA; 4--7 Oct. 1994",
  conftitle =    "Sixth International Conference on Architectural
                 Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
                 (ASPLOS-VI)",
  corpsource =   "AT and T Bell Labs., Allentown, PA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "application simulation; computer architecture; design;
                 hardware development system; measurement;
                 microcomputers; microprocessor; microprocessor
                 architecture; microprocessor simulators; operating
                 system; operating system interaction; operating systems
                 (computers); performance; performance evaluation;
                 reliability; run-time dynamics; run-time dynamics
                 monitoring; statistics; system level design; system
                 monitoring; theory; user applications; virtual machines
                 virtual machines",
  sponsororg =   "ACM; IEEE Comput. Soc",
  subject =      "{\bf D.4.8} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Performance,
                 Monitors. {\bf D.4.8} Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS,
                 Performance, Modeling and prediction. {\bf C.0}
                 Computer Systems Organization, GENERAL, Instruction set
                 design. {\bf C.4} Computer Systems Organization,
                 PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS.",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Averbuch:1994:PES,
  author =       "A. Averbuch and E. Gabber and S. Itzikowitz and B.
                 Shoham",
  title =        "On the parallel elliptic single\slash multigrid
                 solutions about aligned and nonaligned bodies using the
                 {Virtual Machine for Multiprocessors}",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--32",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 12:27:27 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Parallel/mgnet.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Parallel/pvm.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4170 (Differential equations); C5440
                 (Multiprocessing systems); C6110B (Software engineering
                 techniques); C6110P (Parallel programming); C6150N
                 (Distributed systems software)",
  corpsource =   "Sch. of Math. Sci., Tel Aviv Univ., Israel",
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://iospress.metapress.com/content/1058-9244",
  keywords =     "algorithm; aligned bodies; alignment overhead;
                 architectures; coherent services; distributed memory
                 multiprocessor; efficient programming; elliptic
                 equations; explicitly parallel application programs;
                 for Multi-Processors software package; grid points;
                 memory multiprocessors; memory systems; message
                 passing; MIMD; MOS; multi-user shared memory
                 multiprocessors; multiprocessors; nonaligned bodies;
                 parallel architectures; parallel elliptic; parallel
                 elliptic multigrid solutions; parallel program writing;
                 parallel programming; partial differential equations;
                 performance; portable programming; Sequent Symmetry;
                 shared; single grid solution; single-user shared;
                 software packages; software portability; transputer
                 network; transputer systems; Virtual Machine",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Beletsky:1994:OPV,
  author =       "V. Beletsky and T. Popova and A. Chemeris",
  title =        "Organization of a parallel virtual machine",
  crossref =     "Horiguchi:1994:ISP",
  pages =        "421--426",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 16 06:39:19 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5220P (Parallel architecture); C5440
                 (Multiprocessing systems); C6150N (Distributed systems
                 software); C7430 (Computer engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Lab. of Parallel Comput., Acad. of Sci., Kiev,
                 Ukraine",
  keywords =     "compilers; dependence graph building; loop
                 parallelization; parallel architectures; parallel
                 machines; parallel virtual machine organization;
                 processor; program compilers; scheduling; scheduling
                 job programs; simulating programs; simulation; virtual
                 machines",
  sponsororg =   "Japan Advanced Inst. Sci. and Technol.; IEEE Comput.
                 Soc.; IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Comput.
                 Archit.; IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Parallel
                 Process.; IPSJ Tech. Committee on Algorithms; IPSJ
                 Tech. Committee on Comput. Archit.; IEICE Tech.
                 Committee on Comput. Syst",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Bershad:1994:ACM,
  author =       "Brian N. Bershad and Dennis Lee and Theodore H. Romer
                 and J. Bradley Chen",
  title =        "Avoiding conflict misses dynamically in large
                 direct-mapped caches",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "158--170",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:57 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/; http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/asplos/195473/p158-bershad/",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a method for improving the
                 performance of a large direct-mapped cache by reducing
                 the number of conflict misses. Our solution consists of
                 two components: an inexpensive hardware device called a
                 Cache Miss Lookaside (CML) buffer that detects
                 conflicts by recording and summarizing a history of
                 cache misses, and a software policy within the
                 operating system's virtual memory system that removes
                 conflicts by dynamically remapping pages whenever large
                 numbers of conflict misses are detected. Using
                 trace-driven simulation of applications and the
                 operating system, we show that a CML buffer enables a
                 large direct-mapped cache to perform nearly as well as
                 a two-way set associative cache of equivalent size and
                 speed, although with lower hardware cost and
                 complexity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5320G (Semiconductor storage); C5470 (Performance
                 evaluation and testing); C6120 (File organisation);
                 C6150J (Operating systems)",
  conflocation = "San Jose, CA, USA; 4--7 Oct. 1994",
  conftitle =    "Sixth International Conference on Architectural
                 Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
                 (ASPLOS-VI)",
  corpsource =   "Department of Comput. Sci. and Eng., Washington Univ.,
                 Seattle, WA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "associative cache; Cache Miss Lookaside buffer; cache
                 performance; cache storage; CML buffer; complexity;
                 conflict detection; conflict misses; design; hardware
                 cost; hardware device; large direct-mapped cache; large
                 direct-mapped caches; measurement; operating system;
                 operating systems (computers); performance; performance
                 evaluation; software policy; theory; trace-driven
                 simulation; virtual machines; virtual memory system;
                 virtual storage",
  sponsororg =   "ACM; IEEE Comput. Soc",
  subject =      "{\bf B.3.2} Hardware, MEMORY STRUCTURES, Design
                 Styles, Cache memories. {\bf D.4.2} Software, OPERATING
                 SYSTEMS, Storage Management. {\bf D.4.4} Software,
                 OPERATING SYSTEMS, Communications Management,
                 Buffering.",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@MastersThesis{Biradar:1994:ADL,
  author =       "Umesh V. Biradar",
  title =        "Adaptive distributed load balancing model for parallel
                 virtual machine",
  type =         "Master of Science in Computer Science",
  school =       "Department of Computer Science, College of
                 Engineering, Lamar University",
  address =      "Beaumont, TX, USA",
  pages =        "viii + 44",
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 15 18:16:39 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Distributed operating systems (Computers); Electronic
                 data processing --- Distributed processing.;
                 Multiprocessors; Parallel processing (Electronic
                 computers)",
}

@Article{Butt:1994:RDS,
  author =       "Farooq Butt",
  title =        "Rapid development of a source-level debugger for
                 {PowerPC} microprocessors",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:58 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5130 (Microprocessor chips); C6115 (Programming
                 support); C6140B (Machine-oriented languages); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "Compiler and Tools Group, RISC Software Group, Austin,
                 TX, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "compile-edit-debug environment; design cycle times;
                 emergent microprocessors; gdb; instruction sets;
                 microprocessor chips; Motorola PowerPC 601
                 microprocessor; Motorola PowerPC 603 microprocessor;
                 PowerPC instruction set; PowerPC microprocessors;
                 program compilers; program debugging; rapid
                 development; software microprocessor simulator;
                 software tools; software-development environment;
                 source-level debugger; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Damodaran-Kamal:1994:TRP,
  author =       "S. K. Damodaran-Kamal and J. M. Francioni",
  title =        "Testing races in parallel programs with an {OtOt}
                 strategy",
  crossref =     "Ostrand:1994:PIS",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 22 10:18:08 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Department of Comput. Sci., Southwestern Louisiana
                 Univ., Lafayette, LA, USA",
  classification = "C4240P (Parallel programming and algorithm theory);
                 C6110P (Parallel programming); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems); C7430
                 (Computer engineering)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  issue =        "spec. issue. p. 216-27",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
  keywords =     "Concurrent programs; Controlled execution; Debugging
                 tool; Exponential complexity; General-purpose run-time
                 testing technique; Mdb; Nondeterminism;
                 One-thread-at-one-time strategy; OtOt strategy;
                 Parallel Virtual Machine; Polynomial time complexity;
                 Race conditions specification; Race detection; Race
                 expressions; Race testing; Unrestricted message passing
                 parallel programs",
  thesaurus =    "Computational complexity; Hazards and race conditions;
                 Message passing; Parallel programming; Program
                 debugging; Program testing; Virtual machines",
}

@Article{Dean:1994:CPV,
  author =       "C. E. Dean and R. C. Denny and P. C. Stephenson and G.
                 J. Milne and E. Pantos",
  title =        "Computing with parallel virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-PHYS-IV-COLLOQUE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "C9",
  pages =        "C9/445--448",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "JPICEI",
  ISSN =         "1155-4339",
  ISSN-L =       "1155-4339",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 22 10:20:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "SERC Daresbury Lab., Warrington, UK",
  classification = "C4240P (Parallel programming and algorithm theory);
                 C6110P (Parallel programming); C7320 (Physics and
                 chemistry computing)",
  fjournal =     "Journal de physique. IV, Colloque",
  keywords =     "64-Node Intel iPSC/860 hypercube; Computing elements;
                 CPU performance; DALAI; LSQINT; Parallel execution;
                 Parallel virtual machines; PATTERN; Processing time;
                 PROJECT; Single program multiple data; Synchrotron
                 radiation",
  thesaurus =    "Parallel programming; Physics computing; Synchrotron
                 radiation",
}

@Article{Erenyi:1994:IPA,
  author =       "I. Erenyi and Z. Fazekas",
  title =        "Image processing applications and their parallel
                 aspects",
  journal =      j-COMP-CONTROL-ENG-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "71--4",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "CCEJEL",
  ISSN =         "0956-3385 (print), 1741-0460 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0956-3385",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Image processing activities at KFKI Research Institute
                 for Measurement and Computing Techniques are
                 summarised. First, KFKI's contribution to the VEGA
                 project is described. Then two HW/SW platforms are
                 mentioned (together with applications in intelligent
                 microscopy, industrial quality control). Finally, the
                 analysis/simulation of promising parallel
                 architectures-to achieve considerable speed-up for
                 image processing primitives-is outlined. This
                 inevitably involves the modification/parallelisation of
                 algorithms to exploit parallel capabilities of the
                 architectures.",
  fjournal =     "Computing and Control Engineering Journal",
  keywords =     "analysis/simulation; HW/SW platforms; image processing
                 applications; industrial quality control; intelligent
                 microscopy; PARALLEL ALGORITHMS; PARALLEL
                 ARCHITECTURES; parallel architectures IMAGE PROCESSING;
                 parallel aspects; RESEARCH INITIATIVES; VEGA project;
                 VIRTUAL MACHINES",
}

@Manual{IBM:1994:CGN,
  author =       "{IBM}",
  title =        "Conversion guide and notebook for {VM\slash XA SP} and
                 {VM\slash ESA}, release 2.2: virtual machine",
  organization = "International Business Machines Corporation",
  address =      "1701 North St., Endicott 13760-5553 NY, USA",
  edition =      "Fifth",
  pages =        "1061",
  year =         "1994",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C68 C67 1994",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Publication number SC24-5525-04.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer system conversion; Virtual computer systems;
                 Computer architecture",
}

@Article{Kelsey:1994:TSI,
  author =       "Richard A. Kelsey and Jonathan A. Rees",
  title =        "A Tractable {Scheme} Implementation",
  journal =      j-LISP-SYMB-COMPUT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "315--335",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LSCOEX",
  ISSN =         "0892-4635 (print), 1573-0557 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0892-4635",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 12 08:11:22 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "NEC Research Inst",
  classification = "721.1; 723.1; 723.1.1",
  fjournal =     "Lisp and Symbolic Computation",
  journalabr =   "LISP Symb Comput",
  keywords =     "Byte code interpreters; Codes (symbols); Computational
                 complexity; Computer programming; Layered design; lisp
                 (programming language); Modularity; Partial evaluation;
                 Program compilers; Program interpreters; Scheme
                 programming language; Virtual machines; Virtual
                 reality",
}

@Article{Lopez:1994:ICI,
  author =       "Gus Lopez and Bjorn Freeman-Benson and Alan Borning",
  title =        "Implementing Constraint Imperative Programming
                 Languages: The {Kaleidoscope} '93 Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "259--271",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:55 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6110J
                 (Object-oriented programming); C6110L (Logic
                 programming); C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "Portland, OR, USA; 23-27 Oct. 1994",
  conftitle =    "Ninth Annual Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
                 Systems, Languages, and Applications. OOPSLA '94",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci. and Eng., Washington Univ.,
                 Seattle, WA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "CIP languages; constraint handling; constraint
                 imperative programming; constraint imperative
                 programming languages; constraint languages;
                 constraint-based data store; declarative constraints;
                 destructive assignment; high level languages;
                 imperative machine; imperative programming; imperative
                 state; incremental constraint solver; K-machine;
                 Kaleidoscope'93 virtual machine; logic programming
                 languages; object-oriented languages; pointers;
                 programming; user-defined constraints; virtual
                 machines",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Muntean:1994:PGM,
  author =       "T. Muntean and A. Melo",
  title =        "{PAROS}: a Generic Multi Virtual Machines Parallel
                 Operating System",
  crossref =     "Joubert:1994:PCT",
  pages =        "319--328",
  year =         "1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
}

@Article{Schulman:1994:IWV,
  author =       "Andrew Schulman",
  title =        "Undocumented Corner: Introduction to {`The Windows 3.1
                 Virtual Machine Control Block Part 2' (K. Zytaruk)}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "107--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 UnCover database",
  abstract =     "In Part 2 of his article on the Windows 3.1 Virtual
                 Machine Manager, Kelly Zytanuk presents his Windows VM
                 Explorer application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Schulman:1994:UCI,
  author =       "Andrew Schulman",
  title =        "Undocumented Corner: Introduction to `{The Windows 3.1
                 Virtual Machine Control Block Part 1}' ({K. Zytaruk})",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "115--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 UnCover database",
  abstract =     "Much of the preemptive multitasking for Microsoft's
                 Chicago operating system already exists in the form of
                 the Windows 3.1 Virtual Machine Manager. This month,
                 Kelly Zytanuk examines the overall structure of the
                 virtual-memory control block. Next month, he presents a
                 Windows VM Explorer application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Stone:1994:PSO,
  author =       "L. C. Stone and S. B. Shukla and B. Neta",
  title =        "Parallel satellite orbit prediction using a
                 workstation cluster",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1--8",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 19:11:24 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0898122194001650",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Naval Postgraduate Sch., Monterey, CA, USA",
  classification = "A9385 (Instrumentation and techniques for
                 geophysical, hydrospheric and lower atmosphere
                 research); A9575P (Mathematical and computer
                 techniques); C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and
                 techniques); C7350 (Astronomy and astrophysics)",
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
  keywords =     "Function decomposition techniques; Parallel computing;
                 Parallel satellite orbit prediction; Parallel Virtual
                 Machine; Performance metric; SUN workstations;
                 Workstation cluster",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  thesaurus =    "Artificial satellites; Astronomy computing; Parallel
                 processing; Workstations",
}

@Article{Welch:1994:PVM,
  author =       "L. R. Welch",
  title =        "A Parallel Virtual Machine for Programs Composed of
                 Abstract Data Types",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1249--1261",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/12.324558",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 7 07:13:58 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=324558",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6110P
                 (Parallel programming); C6120 (File organisation);
                 C6150N (Distributed systems)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. and Inf. Sci., New Jersey Inst. of
                 Technol., Newark, NJ, USA",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "abstract data types; ADTs; ARC; Asynchronous Remote
                 Procedure Call; automatic parameter restoration; data
                 structures; data synchronization; database management;
                 dynamic load balancing; languages; machines;
                 modularity; multiprocessing programs; parallel
                 programming; parallel virtual machine; programming;
                 remote procedure calls; reuse; software reusability;
                 system development; systems; virtual",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Zytaruk:1994:WVMa,
  author =       "Kelly Zytaruk",
  title =        "The {Windows} 3.1 Virtual Machine Control Block.
                 {Part} 1",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "115--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Zytaruk:1994:WVMb,
  author =       "Kelly Zytaruk",
  title =        "The {Windows} 3.1 Virtual Machine Control Block.
                 {Part} 2",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "107--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 09:09:39 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Ambriola:1995:DVM,
  author =       "Vincenzo Ambriola and Giovanni A. Cignoni",
  title =        "A distributed virtual machine to support software
                 process",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "85--89",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/225907.225919",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:12:57 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The availability of new technologies increases, at
                 least potentially, the chance to support cooperative
                 work exploiting the many resources offered by computer
                 networks. This opportunity is impaired by the lack of
                 tools able to manage the large variety of network
                 resources at an adequate level of abstraction. This
                 lack is particularly felt in the implementation of
                 software process support environments. In this paper we
                 describe how, in Oikos, we realized the distributed
                 run-time support to process enactment. On the basis of
                 this experience, we claim the need of a homogeneous
                 framework that overcomes this limitation. We propose
                 oiXos, a virtual machine that abstracts a network of
                 Unix workstations, disk servers, and X Window
                 terminals. We introduce the notions of component, item,
                 and gibject. Upon these notions we build the
                 abstraction level given by the oiXos virtual machine.
                 We discuss the oiXos architecture that relies on a
                 collection of system components that manage the objects
                 of the oiXos machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Bunge:1995:MCM,
  author =       "Hans-Peter Bunge and John R. Baumgardner",
  title =        "Mantle convection modeling on parallel virtual
                 machines",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "207--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "CPHYE2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.168525",
  ISSN =         "0894-1866 (print), 1558-4208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0894-1866",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 08:45:53 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computphys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.168525",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. Phys",
  fjournal =     "Computers in Physics",
  journal-URL =  "https://aip.scitation.org/journal/cip",
}

@Article{Hollerbach:1995:FDA,
  author =       "Rainer Hollerbach",
  title =        "Fast dynamo action in spherical geometry: Numerical
                 calculations using parallel virtual machines",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "460--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "CPHYE2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.168547",
  ISSN =         "0894-1866 (print), 1558-4208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0894-1866",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 08:45:55 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computphys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.168547",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. Phys",
  fjournal =     "Computers in Physics",
  journal-URL =  "https://aip.scitation.org/journal/cip",
}

@Manual{Sun:1995:JVMa,
  title =        "The {Java} Virtual Machine Specification",
  organization = "Sun Microsystems",
  edition =      "1.0 Beta",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://java.sun.com/doc/vmspec/VMSpec.ps",
  added-by =     "sti",
  annote =       "a virtual machine similar to UCSD p-code or smalltalk.
                 stack-machine. dynamic loading. direct support for
                 object orientation (e.g. virtual method calls)",
  keywords =     "java, virtual machine, bytecode",
}

@Manual{Sun:1995:JVMb,
  author =       "{Sun Microsystems}",
  key =          "JVMPI",
  title =        "{Java Virtual Machine Profiling Interface (JVMPI)}",
  organization = "Sun Microsystems",
  year =         "1995",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jvmpi/",
  URL =          "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jvmpi/",
  comment =      "Profiling interface for {J}ava",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1996:TWJb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Towards {Web}\slash {Java}-based high performance
                 distributed computing --- an evolving virtual machine",
  journal =      j-IEEE-INT-SYMP-HIGH-PERF-DIST-COMP-PROC,
  pages =        "308--317",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "PIDCFB",
  ISSN =         "1082-8907",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 06:31:53 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "IEEE catalog number 96TB100069.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Syracuse Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "NY, USA",
  classification = "722.1; 722.4; 723.1; 723.5; 921.6",
  conference =   "Proceedings of the 1996 5th IEEE International
                 Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing",
  fjournal =     "IEEE International Symposium on High Performance
                 Distributed Computing, Proceedings",
  keywords =     "Computer programming; Computer vision; Distributed
                 computer systems; Information technology; Internet;
                 Mathematical models; Performance; Software prototyping;
                 Virtual storage; World wide virtual machine",
  meetingaddress = "Syracuse, NY, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Aug 6--9 1996",
  meetingdate2 = "08/06--09/96",
  sponsor =      "IEEE",
}

@Article{Burnet:1996:PCP,
  author =       "Maxwell M. Burnet and Robert M. Supnik",
  title =        "Preserving computing's past: restoration and
                 simulation",
  journal =      j-DEC-TECH-J,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--38",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "DTJOEL",
  ISSN =         "0898-901X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 16 18:53:33 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/info/DTJ/v8n3/Preserving_Computings_Past_R_07jan1997DTJN02P8.ps;
                 http://artematrix.org/archive/computer/restoration.simulation.htm;
                 http://simh.trailing-edge.com/docs/dtjn02pf.pdf;
                 http://www.digital.com:80/info/DTJN02/DTJN02AH.HTM;
                 http://www.digital.com:80/info/DTJN02/DTJN02HM.HTM;
                 http://www.digital.com:80/info/DTJN02/DTJN02P8.PS;
                 http://www.digital.com:80/info/DTJN02/DTJN02PF.PDF;
                 http://www.digital.com:80/info/DTJN02/DTJN02SC.TXT",
  abstract =     "Restoration and simulation are two techniques for
                 preserving computing systems of historical interest. In
                 computer restoration, historical systems are returned
                 to working condition through repair of broken
                 electrical and mechanical subsystems, if necessary
                 substituting current parts for the original ones. In
                 computer simulation, historical systems are re-created
                 as software programs on current computer systems. In
                 each case, the operating environment of the original
                 system is presented to a modern user for inspection or
                 analysis. This differs with computer conservation,
                 which preserves historical systems in their current
                 state, usually one of disrepair. The authors argue that
                 an understanding of computing's past is vital to
                 understanding its future, and thus that restoration,
                 rather than just conservation, of historic systems is
                 an important activity for computer technologists.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C0200 (General computer topics); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  fjournal =     "Digital Technical Journal",
  keywords =     "computer restoration; computer simulation; computing's
                 past; digital computers; historical interest; history;
                 machines; maintenance engineering; SIMH (virtual
                 machine); virtual; working condition",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Misc{Campbell-Kelly:1996:ES,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The {EDSAC} Simulator",
  howpublished = "Web site",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 07:57:27 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Downloadable simulator software available for
                 Microsoft Windows and GNU/Linux x86.",
  URL =          "http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~edsac/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Dincer:1996:BWW,
  author =       "Kivanc Dincer and Geoffrey C. Fox",
  title =        "Building a World-Wide Virtual Machine Based on {Web}
                 and {HPCC} Technologies",
  crossref =     "ACM:1996:SCP",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 23 12:31:18 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.supercomp.org/sc96/proceedings/SC96PROC/DINCER/INDEX.HTM",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ford:1996:MMR,
  author =       "Bryan Ford and Mike Hibler and Jay Lepreau and Patrick
                 Tullmann and Godmar Back and Stephen Clawson",
  title =        "Microkernels meet recursive virtual machines",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "SI",
  pages =        "137--151",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:58 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@InProceedings{Fox:1996:TWJ,
  author =       "G. Fox and W. Furmanski",
  title =        "Towards {Web\slash Java}-based high performance
                 distributed computing --- an evolving virtual machine",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1996:PFIa",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 15 08:49:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7430 (Computer engineering); C6150N (Distributed
                 systems software)",
  conflocation = "Syracuse, NY, USA; 6--9 Aug. 1996",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of 5th IEEE International Symposium on
                 High Performance Distributed Computing",
  corpsource =   "Northeast Parallel Archit. Center, Syracuse Univ., NY,
                 USA",
  keywords =     "3D; authoring languages; Bridge-based Collaboratory;
                 CareWeb; distributed interpretative virtual machine
                 architecture; distributed processing; evolutionary
                 path; Information Infrastructure; Internet; Java-based
                 high-performance distributed computing; National;
                 Northeast; object-oriented languages; Parallel
                 Architectures Center; virtual machines; Visible Human;
                 Web technology prototypes; WebFlow; WebVM; World Wide
                 Web-based distributed environments",
  sponsororg =   "IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Distributed
                 Process.; Northeast Parallel Architectures Center; New
                 York State Center for Adv. Technol. Comput.
                 Applications and Software Eng. (CASE Center) at
                 Syracuse Univ.; Rome Lab",
  treatment =    "A Application; G General Review",
}

@Manual{IBM:1996:CAM,
  author =       "{IBM}",
  title =        "{CMS} application multitasking, version 2, release
                 2.0: virtual machine",
  organization = "International Business Machines Corporation",
  address =      "1701 North St., Enicott 13760-5553, NY, USA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xiv + 380",
  year =         "1996",
  LCCN =         "QA76.58 .C59 1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Publication number SC24-5766-01.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Parallel processing (Electronic computers);
                 Multitasking (Computer science); CMS (Computer file)",
}

@Article{Tamm:1996:LBV,
  author =       "Boris Tamm and Kuldar Taveter",
  title =        "A List-based Virtual Machine for {COBOL}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1347--1371",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 29 15:11:09 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  URL =          "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract?ID=16778",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@InProceedings{Tremblay:1996:PHI,
  author =       "Marc Tremblay and Michael O'Connor",
  title =        "{PicoJava}: a hardware Implementation of the {Java
                 Virtual Machine}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1996:HCV",
  pages =        "131--144",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 6 19:21:13 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://www.hotchips.org/pub/hotc7to11cd/hc96/hc8_pdf/4.3.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 OCLC Proceedings database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Venners:1996:UHL,
  author =       "Bill Venners",
  title =        "Under the Hood: The lean, mean, virtual machine",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 08:48:26 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-06-1996/jw-06-vm.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Waddington:1996:JVM,
  author =       "Simon Waddington and Stephen Li",
  title =        "{Java}: Virtual Machine for Virtually Any Platform",
  journal =      j-EMBED-SYS-PROG,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "26--28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "EYPRE4",
  ISSN =         "1040-3272",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 15 08:49:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 UnCover library database",
  abstract =     "There's no doubt about it, Java has become a hot topic
                 in recent months. But should embedded developers care?
                 This overview describes Java's applicability in
                 embedded systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C6110J (Object-oriented
                 programming); C6150N (Distributed systems software);
                 C7210 (Information services and centres)",
  corpsource =   "Wind River Syst. Inc., USA",
  fjournal =     "Embedded Systems Programming",
  keywords =     "embedded systems; interactive environment; Internet;
                 Java; language; object oriented; object-oriented;
                 object-oriented languages; portable; programming;
                 real-time systems; system security; virtual machine;
                 virtual machines; Web pages; World Wide Web",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:BFJ,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Bug found in {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "1997",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(97)83033-4",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 16:57:04 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485897830334",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:BRJe,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Java Virtual Machine}}: By
                 Jon Meyer and Troy Downing. O'Reilly, Sebastopol, CA.
                 (1997). 426 pages. \$32.95 (diskette included)}",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "135--135",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 21:48:40 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122197901899",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1997:IJV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Inside the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-UNIX-REVIEW,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31, 32, 34--36, 38--39",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "UNRED5",
  ISSN =         "0742-3136",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 03 11:25:02 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Adapted, with permission, from
                 \cite{Lindholm:1997:JVM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "UNIX review",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1997:JVM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Java Virtual Machine} unleashed",
  publisher =    pub-SAMS,
  address =      pub-SAMS:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-57521-247-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-57521-247-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "9710 BOOK NOT YET IN LC",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Cladingboel:1997:RJV,
  author =       "Christopher Cladingboel",
  title =        "Real {Java Virtual Machines}: Hardware Compilation and
                 the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.Sc.})",
  school =       "Board of the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Oxford
                 University",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
  pages =        "107",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 11:07:23 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Cohen:1997:DJV,
  author =       "R. Cohen",
  title =        "The Defensive {Java Virtual Machine} Specification",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  institution =  "Computational Logic Inc.",
  address =      "Austin, TX, USA",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 01 07:17:25 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Comar:1997:TGJ,
  author =       "C. Comar and G. Dismukes and F. Gasperoni",
  title =        "Targeting {GNAT} to the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1997:PTA",
  pages =        "149--164",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 20 13:43:51 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigada.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Dallmeier:1997:JVM,
  author =       "Matthias K. Dallmeier",
  title =        "{Java Virtual Machine, Sprache, Konzept,
                 Architektur}",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "209",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "3-930673-73-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-930673-73-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 02 19:18:51 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://lightyear.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~srp/java/german.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM.",
  price =        "25 DM",
  URL =          "http://www.ora.de/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Hines:1997:VMJ,
  author =       "J. R. Hines",
  title =        "Virtual machines jockey for position",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "16--16",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.1997.609806",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 16 07:37:23 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeespectrum1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Spectrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6",
  keywords =     "Books; Costs; Design optimization; Java;
                 Microprocessors; Programming profession; Sun; Virtual
                 manufacturing; Visual BASIC; Web sites",
}

@Article{Kalin:1997:NMP,
  author =       "Sari Kalin",
  title =        "News: {Microsoft} plans {Java} virtual machine for
                 {Unix}, {WinCE} by 1998",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 14:52:26 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-05-1997/jw-05-infoworld.microsoftvm.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lindholm:1997:IJV,
  author =       "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin",
  title =        "Inside the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-UNIX-REVIEW,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31, 32, 34--36, 38, 39",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "UNRED5",
  ISSN =         "0742-3136",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 15 08:49:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7430 (Computer engineering); C6110J (Object-oriented
                 programming); C6140D (High level languages); C6140B
                 (Machine-oriented languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C6120 (File
                 organisation)",
  fjournal =     "UNIX review",
  keywords =     "abstract data types; bytecode files; instruction sets;
                 interpreter; interpreters; Java bytecodes; Java
                 programs; Java Virtual Machine; JVM; languages; object
                 oriented language; object-oriented; object-oriented
                 programming; program; program execution; run time
                 module; verifier; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Lindholm:1997:JVM,
  author =       "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin",
  title =        "The {Java} Virtual Machine Specification",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 475",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "0-201-63452-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-63452-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38L56 1997",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 04 15:04:45 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  price =        "US\$36.53",
  series =       "The Java Series",
  URL =          "http://www.aw.com/cp/javaseries.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Internet (Computer network); Java (Computer program
                 language); Java (computer program language);
                 programming languages (electronic computers); systems;
                 virtual computer; Virtual computer systems",
  lccnalt =      "96-015897",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction\\
                 2. Java Concepts\\
                 3. Structure of the Java Virtual Machine\\
                 4. The class File Format\\
                 5. Constant Pool Resolution\\
                 6. Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set\\
                 7. Compiling for the Java Virtual Machine\\
                 8. Threads and Locks\\
                 9. An Optimization \\
                 10. Opcode Mnemonics by Opcode",
}

@Manual{Lucent:1997:LPL,
  title =        "The {Limbo} Programming Language",
  organization = "Lucent Technologies Inc",
  year =         "1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://inferno.lucent.com/inferno/",
  abstract =     "Limbo is a programming language intended for
                 applications running distributed systems on small
                 computers. It supports modular programming, strong type
                 checking at compile- and run-time, interprocess
                 communication over typed channels, automatic garbage
                 collection, and simple abstract data types. It is
                 designed for safe execution even on small machines
                 without hardware memory protection. In its initial
                 implementation for the Inferno operating system, object
                 programs generated by the Limbo compiler run using an
                 interpreter for a fixed virtual machine. Inferno and
                 its accompanying virtual machine run either stand-alone
                 on bare hardware or as an application under
                 conventional operating systems like Unix, Windows 95,
                 Windows NT, and Plan 9. For several architectures,
                 including Intel x86 and MIPS, Limbo object programs are
                 transformed on-the-fly into instructions for the
                 underlying hardware.",
}

@Book{Meyer:1997:JVM,
  author =       "Jon Meyer and Troy Downing",
  title =        "{Java} Virtual Machine",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 426",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-56592-194-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-56592-194-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 M49 1997",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 14:52:22 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$32.95",
  series =       "The Java series",
  URL =          "http://www.ora.com/www/item/javavm.html;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/javavm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computer systems; Java (computer program language);
                 technology -- computers and computer technology;
                 virtual",
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language); Java virtual
                 machine",
}

@Article{Montague:1997:JEJ,
  author =       "Bruce R. Montague",
  title =        "{JN}: {OS} for an Embedded {Java Network Computer} ---
                 Supporting {Java}'s {Virtual Machine} on a single-chip
                 embedded {PC} attached to the {Internet}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "54--60",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/40.591656",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  URL =          "http://pascal.computer.org/mi/books/mi1997/pdf/m3054.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
}

@Article{OConnor:1997:PJV,
  author =       "J. Michael O'Connor and Marc Tremblay",
  title =        "{Picojava-I} --- The {Java Virtual Machine} in
                 Hardware",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "45--53",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/40.592314",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/microchip.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5220 (Computer architecture); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C7430 (Computer
                 engineering)",
  corpsource =   "Sun Microsyst., Mountain View, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
  keywords =     "byte codes; computer architecture; dynamic
                 distribution; Java virtual machine; microarchitecture;
                 microarchitecture trade-offs; performance; picoJava-I;
                 program compilers; virtual machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Smith:1997:JNV,
  author =       "Gregory S. Smith",
  title =        "{Java}'s new virtual machine",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 14:52:26 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-05-1997/jw-05-jo-vm.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stankovic:1997:VRR,
  author =       "John A. Stankovic",
  title =        "Virtual Roundtable: Real-Time Global Virtual
                 Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-CONCURR,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "26--27",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "IECMFX",
  ISSN =         "1092-3063 (print), 1558-0849 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1092-3063",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 7 07:52:29 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeconcurrency.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/pd/books/pd1997/pdf/p3026.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Concurrency",
}

@Manual{Sun:1997:JCL,
  title =        "{Java Card 2.0} Language Subset and Virtual Machine
                 Specification",
  organization = "{SUN} Microsystems, Inc.",
  address =      "Palo Alto/CA",
  edition =      "Revision 1.0 Final",
  day =          "13",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.javasoft.com/docs/javacard/JC20-Language.pdf",
  added-at =     "Mon Oct 12 17:29:42 1998",
  added-by =     "gka",
}

@Book{Venners:1997:IJV,
  author =       "Bill Venners",
  title =        "Inside the {Java} Virtual Machine",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "384",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "0-07-913248-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-913248-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 V46 1998",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 17 22:05:06 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/books/jw-books-alphabytitle.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/",
  price =        "US\$39.95",
  URL =          "http://mcgraw-hill.inforonics.com/cgi/getarec?mgh31406%comp",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Venners:1997:UHHa,
  author =       "Bill Venners",
  title =        "Under the Hood: How the {Java} virtual machine handles
                 exceptions",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 10:32:58 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-01-1997/jw-01-hood.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Venners:1997:UHHb,
  author =       "Bill Venners",
  title =        "Under the Hood: How the {Java} virtual machine handles
                 method invocation and return",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 14:52:27 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-06-1997/jw-06-hood.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Venners:1997:UHHc,
  author =       "Bill Venners",
  title =        "Under the Hood: How the {Java} virtual machine
                 performs thread synchronization",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 14:52:27 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-1997/jw-07-hood.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Villadeamigo:1997:EES,
  author =       "Jos{\'e} M. P{\'e}rez Villadeamigo and Santiago
                 Rodr{\'\i}guez de la Fuente and Rafael M{\'e}ndez
                 Cavanillas and M. Isabel Garc{\'\i}a Clemente",
  title =        "The em88110: emulating a superscalar processor",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/271125.271153",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:42 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Assembly programming is a very important topic to
                 teach computer architecture. Current computers include
                 special techniques to improve performance such as
                 pipeline and multiple instruction issue per cycle. But
                 these kinds of computers are difficult to use in
                 laboratory works because of the great amount of details
                 of the target computer architecture that are not
                 relevant to beginners. Hence, we decided to build a
                 configurable emulator of a superscalar processor to
                 create a wide set of laboratory works, from the
                 simplest one that uses the computer as a serial
                 processor to the most complex that uses the full set of
                 performance improvements of a superscalar computer.
                 Most of the computer parameters can be established by
                 the student or the teacher providing a virtual machine
                 that is easier to use. Students can do their laboratory
                 work without taking into account the additional
                 problems generated by a real computer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@InProceedings{Winterbottom:1997:DIV,
  author =       "Phil Winterbottom and Rob Pike",
  title =        "The Design of the {Inferno} Virtual Machine",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1997:HCI",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 08 16:33:30 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://www.hotchips.org/pub/hotc7to11cd/hc97/pdf_images/hc97_4a_winterbottom_2up.txt;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wong:1997:MHJ,
  author =       "Wylie Wong",
  title =        "{Microsoft} hones {Java} strategy: Virtual machine,
                 class libraries are on top",
  journal =      j-COMPUTERWORLD,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "113--113",
  day =          "7",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "CMPWAB",
  ISSN =         "0010-4841",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 22 07:48:54 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ComputerWorld",
}

@Article{Agesen:1998:GCL,
  author =       "Ole Agesen and David Detlefs and J. Eliot B. Moss",
  title =        "Garbage Collection and Local Variable Type-Precision
                 and Liveness in {Java Virtual Machines}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "269--279",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-987-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-987-6",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:17:47 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/pldi/277650/index.html;
                 http://www.cs.virginia.edu/pldi98/program.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/pldi/277650/p269-agesen/;
                 http://www.cs.virginia.edu/pldi98/program.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Published as part of the Proceedings of PLDI'98.",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "experimentation; measurement; performance;
                 verification",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Memory management (garbage collection).
                 {\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Java. {\bf F.3.3} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs, Type structure.",
}

@Article{Armstrong:1998:CSH,
  author =       "Eric Armstrong",
  title =        "Cover Story: {HotSpot}: a new breed of virtual
                 machine",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 10:33:03 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-03-1998/jw-03-hotspot.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{AzanonEsteire:1998:JST,
  author =       "Oscar {Aza{\~n}{\'o}n Esteire} and Juan Manual {Cueva
                 Lovelle}",
  title =        "{J} --- Set of Tools for Native Code Generation for
                 the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "73--79",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 30 08:30:23 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Bak:1998:NCJ,
  author =       "Lars Bak and John Duimovich and Jesse Fang and Scott
                 Meyer and David Ungar",
  title =        "The new crop of {Java} virtual machines (panel)",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "179--182",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:17:52 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Brier:1998:NIA,
  author =       "Steven E. Brier",
  title =        "News: {IBM} augments {OS/2} with new {Java} virtual
                 machine",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 10:33:04 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-03-1998/jw-03-infoworld.ibm.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Crawford:1998:BSJ,
  author =       "Ronald {Crawford, II}",
  title =        "Behind the Scenes of the {Java 1.1 Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-JAVA-REPORT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "JREPFI",
  ISSN =         "1086-4660",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 26 13:52:53 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://archive.javareport.com/9811/html/from_pages/index.shtml;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://archive.javareport.com/9811/html/from_pages/ftp_feature.shtml",
  abstract =     "Ronald explores the mechanism responsible for allowing
                 the Java technology to run compiled Java code on any
                 operating system, network computer, or hardware device
                 that supports Java.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Esteire:1998:STN,
  author =       "Oscar Aza{\~n}{\'o}n Esteire and Juan Manuel Cueva
                 Lovelle",
  title =        "Set of tools for native code generation for the {Java}
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "73--79",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:17:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Fong:1998:PLA,
  author =       "Philip W. L. Fong and Robert D. Cameron",
  title =        "Proof linking: an architecture for modular
                 verification of dynamically-linked mobile code",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "222--230",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/291252.288317",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:13:40 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Security flaws are routinely discovered in commercial
                 implementations of mobile code systems such as the Java
                 Virtual Machine (JVM). Typical architectures for such
                 systems exhibit complex interdependencies between the
                 loader, the verifier, and the linker, making them
                 difficult to craft, validate, and maintain. This
                 reveals a software engineering challenge that is common
                 to all mobile code systems in which a static
                 verification phase is introduced before dynamic
                 linking. In such systems, one has to articulate how
                 loading, verification, and linking interact with each
                 other, and how the three processes should be organized
                 to address various security issues. We propose a
                 standard architecture for crafting mobile code
                 verifiers, based on the concept of proof linking. This
                 architecture modularizes the verification process and
                 isolates the dependencies among the loader, verifier,
                 and linker. We also formalize the process of proof
                 linking and establish properties to which correct
                 implementations must conform. As an example, we
                 instantiate our architecture for the problem of Java
                 bytecode verification and assess the correctness of
                 this instantiation. Finally, we briefly discuss
                 alternative mobile code verification architectures
                 enabled by our modularization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Franz:1998:JVM,
  author =       "Michael Franz",
  title =        "The {Java Virtual Machine}: a Passing Fad?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "26--29",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/52.730834",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 4 07:38:57 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/software/so1998/s6026abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/so/books/so1998/pdf/s6026.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@Article{Hagiya:1998:NMD,
  author =       "M. Hagiya and A. Tozawa",
  title =        "On a New Method for Dataflow Analysis of {Java Virtual
                 Machine} Subroutines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1503",
  pages =        "17--32",
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 5 08:21:58 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Leung:1998:DGD,
  author =       "Kwong-Sak Leung and Kin-Hong Lee and Yuk-Yin Wong",
  title =        "{DJM}: a Global Distributed Virtual Machine on the
                 {Internet}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1269--1297",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 29 15:12:01 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  URL =          "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract?ID=1763;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=1763&PLACEBO=IE.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Liang:1998:DCL,
  author =       "Sheng Liang and Gilad Bracha",
  title =        "Dynamic Class Loading in the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "36--44",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:17:52 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{McGhan:1998:CPP,
  author =       "Harlan McGhan and Mike O'Connor",
  title =        "Computing Practices: {PicoJava}: a Direct Execution
                 Engine For {Java} Bytecode",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "22--30",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 6 18:50:08 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/co/books/co1998/pdf/rx022.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/computer/co1998/rx022abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Migliardi:1998:DRV,
  author =       "M. Migliardi and J. Dongarra and A. Geist and V.
                 Sunderam",
  title =        "Dynamic Reconfiguration and Virtual Machine Management
                 in the {Harness} Metacomputing System",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1505",
  pages =        "127--134",
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 5 08:21:58 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.netlib.org/utk/people/JackDongarra/PAPERS/harness1.ps",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Book{Miller:1998:VMB,
  author =       "Gregory R. Miller and Stephen C. Cooper",
  title =        "Visual mechanics: beams and stress states",
  publisher =    "PWS Publishing Company",
  address =      "Boston, MA, USA",
  pages =        "x + 149",
  year =         "1998",
  ISBN =         "0-534-95587-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-534-95587-8",
  LCCN =         "TA660.B4 M55 1998",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Girders; Mathematical models; Data processing;
                 Structural analysis (Engineering); Strains and
                 stresses; Java virtual machine",
}

@Article{Millet:1998:PGT,
  author =       "Laurent Millet and Ted Baker",
  title =        "Porting the {GNAT} Tasking Runtime System to the {Java
                 Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1411",
  pages =        "19--??",
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 11:52:10 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t1411.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/1411/14110019.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/1411/14110019.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@TechReport{Taivalsaari:1998:IJV,
  author =       "Antero Taivalsaari",
  title =        "Implementing a {Java Virtual Machine} in the {Java}
                 programming language",
  volume =       "98-64",
  institution =  "Sun Microsystems",
  address =      "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  pages =        "23",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1998",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.S86.S65",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:19 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  series =       "SMLI TR",
  abstract =     "JavaInJava is a Java virtual machine written in the
                 Java programming language. The system was built at Sun
                 Microsystems Laboratories in order to examine the
                 feasibility of constructing high-quality virtual
                 machines using the Java programming language and to
                 experiment with new virtual machine implementation
                 techniques. In this paper we describe the overall
                 architecture of JavaInJava and summarize a number of
                 interesting technical issues that were encountered
                 during its implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language); Virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@TechReport{Tolksdorf:1998:PLJ,
  author =       "Robert Tolksdorf",
  title =        "Programming Languages for the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  institution =  "Technische Universit{\"a}t Berlin, Fachbereich 13,
                 Informatik, Formale Methoden, Logik und Programmierung
                 (FLP), Sekr. FR 6-10",
  address =      "Franklinstra{\ss}e 28/29, D-10587 Berlin, Germany",
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 09 05:47:54 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "World-Wide Web document with pointers to more than 60
                 compilers and translators between various programming
                 languages and Java.",
  URL =          "http://grunge.cs.tu-berlin.de/~tolk/vmlanguages.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ungar:1998:PNC,
  author =       "David Ungar and Lars Bak and Jesse Fang and John
                 Duimovich and Scott Meyer",
  title =        "Panel 2: The New Crop of {Java Virtual Machines}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "179--182",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 5 06:59:51 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Vanhelsuwe:1998:BRJb,
  author =       "Laurence Vanhelsuw{\'e}",
  title =        "Book review: {Java} virtual machine books --- a
                 comparative review",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 13 10:33:04 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-03-1998/jw-03-bookreview.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Westley:1998:WJA,
  author =       "Terry J. Westley",
  title =        "Writing {Java} applets in {Ada}: a beginner's guide",
  journal =      j-ADA-USER-J,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "57--82",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "AUJOET",
  ISSN =         "0268-652X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 10 15:17:00 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.adauk.org.uk/pubs/jvol19_1.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722.4; 723.1; 723.1.1; 723.5",
  fjournal =     "Ada User Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ada-europe.org/auj/archive",
  journalabr =   "Ada User J",
  keywords =     "Ada (programming language); C (programming language);
                 Computer simulation; Computer systems programming; Java
                 virtual machine (jvm); Object oriented programming;
                 Response time (computer systems)",
}

@InProceedings{Yalamanchilli:1998:CPJa,
  author =       "Narendar Yalamanchilli and William Cohen",
  title =        "Communication Performance of {Java} based {Parallel
                 Virtual Machines}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1998:AWJ",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 27 10:43:08 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/conferences/java98/papers/passing.pdf;
                 http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/conferences/java98/papers/passing.ps",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Yalamanchilli:1998:CPJb,
  author =       "Narendar Yalamanchilli and William Cohen",
  title =        "Communication performance of {Java}-based parallel
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CPE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "11--13",
  pages =        "1189--1196",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "CPEXEI",
  ISSN =         "1040-3108",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-3108",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 7 06:06:44 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1040-3108/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  note =         "Special Issue: Java for High-performance Network
                 Computing.",
  URL =          "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract?ID=10050407;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=10050407&PLACEBO=IE.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency, practice and experience",
}

@Article{Aagren:1999:TCC,
  author =       "Ola {\AA}gren",
  title =        "Teaching computer concepts using virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "84--85",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/571535.571578",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:56:38 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A set of virtual assemblers and a virtual machine are
                 used as a teaching tool in order to teach students
                 differences and similarities between architectural
                 styles of computer processors. Programs written by the
                 students in the virtual assemblers are compiled using
                 the corresponding virtual assembler. They are then
                 executed on the virtual machine so that students can
                 follow the execution of the programs step by step or at
                 full speed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:MVM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Microsoft} virtual machine vulnerability",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "1999",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(99)90324-0",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 16:57:48 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485899903240",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Barbosa:1999:ADM,
  author =       "J. Barbosa and A. Padilha",
  title =        "Algorithm-Dependent Method to Determine the Optimal
                 Number of Computers in Parallel Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1573",
  pages =        "508--521",
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 14 06:09:05 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  keywords =     "parallel processing; VECPAR; vector processing",
}

@Article{Beck:1999:HNG,
  author =       "Micah Beck and Jack J. Dongarra and Graham E. Fagg and
                 G. Al Geist and Paul Gray and James Kohl and Mauro
                 Migliardi and Keith Moore and Terry Moore and Philip
                 Papadopoulous and Stephen L. Scott and Vaidy Sunderam",
  title =        "{HARNESS}: a Next Generation Distributed Virtual
                 Machine",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "5--6",
  pages =        "571--582",
  day =          "1",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 05 17:45:35 2002",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib;
                 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/issn/0167739X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.elsevier.com/gej-ng/10/19/19/30/21/20/abstract.html;
                 http://www.netlib.org/utk/people/JackDongarra/PAPERS/harness2.ps",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@MastersThesis{Coffing:1999:XPM,
  author =       "Charles L. Coffing",
  title =        "An x86 protected mode virtual machine monitor for the
                 {MIT} exokernel",
  type =         "Thesis ({S.B. and M.Eng.})",
  school =       "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "109",
  year =         "1999",
  LCCN =         "Thesis",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:19 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  note =         "Supervised by M. Frans Kaashoek.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Engel:1999:PJV,
  author =       "Joshua Engel",
  title =        "Programming for the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 488",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-201-30972-6 , 0-201-61654-8 (CD-ROM)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-30972-0, 978-0-201-61654-5 (CD-ROM)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38E543 1999",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 11 08:13:32 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  price =        "US\$39.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language); Java Virtual
                 Machine",
}

@Article{Geist:1999:HAV,
  author =       "G. A. {Geist II} and James Arthur Kohl and Stephen
                 Scott and Philip M. Papadopoulos",
  title =        "{Harness}: Adaptable Virtual Machine Environment for
                 Heterogeneous Cluster",
  journal =      j-PARALLEL-PROCESS-LETT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "253--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "PPLTEE",
  ISSN =         "0129-6264 (print), 1793-642X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 6 12:02:35 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://ejournals.wspc.com.sg/ppl/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/parallelprocesslett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Parallel Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.worldscientific.com/loi/ppl",
}

@Article{Grimaud:1999:FTI,
  author =       "Gilles Grimaud and Jean-Louis Lanet and Jean-Jacques
                 Vandewalle",
  title =        "{FACADE}: a typed intermediate language dedicated to
                 smart cards",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "476--493",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/318774.319265",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:13:48 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The use of smart cards to run software modules on
                 demand has become a major business concern for
                 application issuers. Such down-loadable executable
                 content needs to be trusted by the card execution
                 environment in order to ensure that an instruction on a
                 memory area is compliant with the definition of the
                 data stored in this area (i.e. its type). Current
                 solutions for smart cards rely on three techniques. For
                 Java Card, either an off-card verifier-converter
                 performs a static verification of type-safety, or a
                 defensive virtual machine performs the verification at
                 runtime. For other types of open smart cards, no
                 type-checking is carried out and the trust is only
                 based on the containment of applications. Static
                 verification is more efficient and flexible than
                 dynamic techniques. Nevertheless, as the Java verifier
                 cannot fit into a card, the trust is dependent on an
                 external third-party. In this way, the card security
                 has been partly turned to the outside. We propose and
                 describe the FACADE language for which the type-safety
                 verification can be performed statically on-card.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Kernighan:1999:REL,
  author =       "Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike",
  title =        "Regular Expressions: Languages, Algorithms, Software",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "19--22",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 3 06:30:11 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/dr-dobbs-1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/plan9.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Thompson:1968:PTR,Cox:2007:REM,Cox:2009:REM,Cox:2010:REM,Cox:2012:REM}",
  URL =          "http://www.ddj.com/ftp/1999/1999_04/regexp.txt;
                 http://www.ddj.com/ftp/1999/1999_04/regexp.zip",
  abstract =     "Regular expressions, one of the most broadly
                 applicable of programmer's tools, provide a compact and
                 expressive notation for describing patterns of text.
                 They are also algorithmically interesting, easy to
                 implement, and highly useful. Additional resources
                 include regexp.txt (listings) and regexp.zip (source
                 code).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@TechReport{Lewis:1999:EBP,
  author =       "Brian T. Lewis and Bernd Mathiske",
  title =        "Efficient barriers for persistent object caching in a
                 high-performance {Java} virtual machine",
  volume =       "99-81",
  institution =  "Sun Microsystems",
  address =      "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  pages =        "9",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1999",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.S86.S65",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:19 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  series =       "SMLI TR",
  abstract =     "We implemented orthogonal persistence for the Java
                 platform by adding persistent object caching to a
                 high-performance virtual machine that uses exact
                 garbage collection, the Sun Microsystems Laboratories
                 Virtual Machine for Research (`ResearchVM'). This paper
                 gives an overview of our design for the read and write
                 barriers needed to support persistence. The key design
                 decision we made was the choice of a pointer swizzling
                 strategy. Pointer swizzling speeds up programs by
                 translating persistent addresses (references to
                 persistent objects on disk) into normal virtual memory
                 addresses in the object cache. The swizzling technique
                 we chose is simple (requires few source changes to the
                 ResearchVM) and performs well (adds acceptably low CPU
                 overhead to the ResearchVM). Our integration of the new
                 barriers was considerably simplified by an internal
                 memory interface that the ResearchVM consistently uses,
                 except in its Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler, to access
                 program runtime values. Our new persistent version of
                 the ResearchVM, the PEVM, requires just 30\% of the
                 changes necessary in our previous persistent virtual
                 machine implementations. It executes programs with only
                 modest runtime overhead (typically 10--20\%) compared
                 to an unchanged ResearchVM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language); Virtual computer
                 systems; Object-oriented databases",
}

@InProceedings{Liang:1999:CPS,
  author =       "Sheng Liang and Deepa Viswanathan",
  title =        "Comprehensive Profiling Support in the {Java Virtual
                 Machine}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:1999:PFU",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 18 07:14:18 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/coots99/liang.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Lindholm:1999:JVM,
  author =       "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin",
  title =        "The {Java Virtual Machine} Specification",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xv + 473",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-201-43294-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-43294-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38L56 1999",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 11 07:30:11 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  price =        "US\$42.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Qian:1999:FSJ,
  author =       "Z. Qian",
  title =        "A Formal Specification of {Java[TM]} Virtual Machine
                 Instructions for Objects, Methods and Subroutines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1523",
  pages =        "271--??",
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 16:57:02 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs1999a.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@InProceedings{Rosenblum:1999:VVP,
  author =       "Mendel Rosenblum",
  title =        "{VMware}'s {Virtual Platform}: a Virtual Machine
                 Monitor for Commodity {PCs}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1999:HCS",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 08 17:44:03 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://www.hotchips.org//pub/hotc7to11cd/hc99/hc11_pdf/hc99.s6.1.Rosenblum.txt;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sirer:1999:DID,
  author =       "Emin G{\"u}n Sirer and Robert Grimm and Arthur J.
                 Gregory and Brian N. Bershad",
  title =        "Design and implementation of a distributed virtual
                 machine for networked computers",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "202--216",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:55 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Manual{Sun:1999:JCV,
  key =          "JCVM",
  title =        "{Java Card} 2.1 Virtual Machine Specification",
  organization = "{SUN} Microsystems, Inc.",
  day =          "3",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Final Revision 1.0",
  added-at =     "Fri Jan 15 10:34:37 1999",
  added-by =     "gka",
}

@Manual{Sun:1999:JPD,
  author =       "{Sun Microsystems}",
  key =          "JPDA",
  title =        "{Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JPDA)}",
  organization = "Sun Microsystems",
  address =      "Mountain View, CA, USA",
  year =         "1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jpda/",
  comment =      "Debugger architecture for {J}ava. Includes: Java
                 Virtual Machine Debugger Interface (JVMDI) which
                 defines the services a VM must provide for debugging;
                 Java Debug Wire Protocol (JDWP) which defines the
                 format of information and requests transferred between
                 the process being debugged and the debugger front end
                 that implements the Java Debug Interface (JDI) which
                 defines information and requests at the user code
                 level",
}

@Book{Venners:1999:IJV,
  author =       "Bill Venners",
  title =        "Inside the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xxxi + 703",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-07-135093-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-135093-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 V46 1999",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 23 07:01:27 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/mh024/00269375.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language); Java Virtual
                 Machine",
}

@Article{Venners:1999:SJV,
  author =       "Bill Venners",
  title =        "The state of the {Java} virtual machine ({JVM})",
  journal =      j-JAVAWORLD,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1091-8906",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 4 06:11:43 MST 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jbe/jw-jbe-jvm.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wakeling:1999:CLF,
  author =       "David Wakeling",
  title =        "Compiling lazy functional programs for the {Java}
                 Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-J-FUNCT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "579--603",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "JFPRES",
  DOI =          "",
  ISSN =         "0956-7968 (print), 1469-7653 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0956-7968",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 11 18:02:19 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jfunctprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/AC59FAFC68063D9EC71E4FCF283E7EFC",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Funct. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Functional Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=JFP",
  onlinedate =   "01 November 1999",
}

@InProceedings{Waldron:1999:AVM,
  author =       "John Waldron and Owen Harrison",
  title =        "Analysis of Virtual Machine Stack Frame Usage by
                 {Java} Methods",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1999:PII",
  pages =        "271--274",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 10:29:21 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Walters:1999:VVP,
  author =       "Brian Walters",
  title =        "{VMware} Virtual Platform",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "63",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 07:44:10 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue63/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/3458.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@TechReport{Wolczko:1999:UTJ,
  author =       "M. Wolczko",
  title =        "Using a {Tracing Java Virtual Machine} to gather data
                 on the behavior of {Java} programs",
  institution =  "Sun Microsystems, Inc.",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 10:30:38 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://research.sun.com/people/mario/tracing-jvm/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Yelland:1999:CAJ,
  author =       "Phillip M. Yelland",
  title =        "A compositional account of the {Java} virtual
                 machine",
  crossref =     "ACM:1999:PPA",
  pages =        "57--69",
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 3 12:58:58 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/292540/p57-yelland/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "measurement; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Java. {\bf H.5.1} Information Systems,
                 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION, Multimedia
                 Information Systems, Artificial, augmented, and virtual
                 realities. {\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Classifications, Haskell. {\bf D.3.3}
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs
                 and Features, Polymorphism.",
}

@Book{Dalheimer:19xx:JVM,
  author =       "Matthias K. Dalheimer",
  title =        "{Java Virtual Machine, Sprache, Konzept\ldots{}}",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  year =         "19xx",
  ISBN =         "3-930673-73-8 (??invalid ISBN??)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-930673-73-5 (??invalid ISBN??)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 17 22:05:06 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/books/jw-books-alphabytitle.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.ora.de/",
  price =        "29 DM",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.de/german/essential/javavm/index.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Lindholm:19xx:JVMa,
  author =       "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin",
  title =        "The {Java} Virtual Machine",
  publisher =    pub-GOTOP-INFORMATION,
  address =      pub-GOTOP-INFORMATION:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "19xx",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 18 07:55:47 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://lightyear.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~srp/java/chinese.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Chinese translation by Thi Shiang Workshop.",
  URL =          "http://www.gotop.com.tw",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Chinese",
}

@Book{Lindholm:19xx:JVMb,
  author =       "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin",
  title =        "The {Java} Virtual Machine",
  publisher =    pub-GOTOP-INFORMATION,
  address =      pub-GOTOP-INFORMATION:adr,
  year =         "19xx",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 17 22:05:06 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.gotop.com.tw;
                 http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/books/jw-books-alphabytitle.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Chinese translation by Thi Shiang Workshop.",
  price =        "????",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Chinese",
}

@Book{Meyer:19xx:JVMb,
  author =       "Jon Meyer and Troy Downing",
  title =        "The {Java} Virtual Machine",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  year =         "19xx",
  ISBN =         "4-900900-63-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-4-900900-63-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 17 22:05:06 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/books/jw-books-alphabytitle.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.oreilly.co.jp/",
  note =         "Japanese translation.",
  price =        "4,500 yen",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Japanese",
}

@Article{Alpern:2000:JAV,
  author =       "B. Alpern and C. R. Attanasio and J. J. Barton and M.
                 G. Burke and P. Cheng and J.-D. Choi and A. Cocchi and
                 S. J. Fink and D. Grove and M. Hind and S. F. Hummel
                 and D. Lieber and V. Litvinov and M. F. Mergen and T.
                 Ngo and J. R. Russell and V. Sarkar and M. J. Serrano
                 and J. C. Shepherd and S. E. Smith and V. C. Sreedhar
                 and H. Srinivasan and J. Whaley",
  title =        "The {Jalape{\~n}o} virtual machine",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "211--238",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 24 15:43:02 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/391/alpern.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  keywords =     "Java",
  ordernumber =  "G321-0137",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2000:AJV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Announcement: {{\em Java Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Symposium (JVM '01)}}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:33 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2000-6/index.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/events/jvm01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Azevedo:2000:AAJ,
  author =       "Ana Azevedo and Alex Nicolau and Joe Hummel",
  title =        "An annotation-aware {Java} virtual machine
                 implementation",
  journal =      j-CPE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "423--444",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "CPEXEI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9128(200005)12:6<423::AID-CPE483>3.0.CO;2-L",
  ISSN =         "1040-3108",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-3108",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 29 16:57:06 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1040-3108;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  URL =          "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/72515731/START;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=72515731&PLACEBO=IE.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency, practice and experience",
}

@MastersThesis{Caamano:2000:PJS,
  author =       "Paul Caamano",
  title =        "Porting a {Java Virtual Machine} to an embedded
                 system",
  type =         "Thesis (M.S.)",
  school =       "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 California, Santa Cruz",
  address =      "Santa Cruz, CA, USA",
  pages =        "viii + 56",
  year =         "2000",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 C33 2000",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 11:18:00 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language); Virtual computer
                 systems; Embedded computer systems",
}

@Article{Chelius:2000:ING,
  author =       "Guillaume Chelius and {\'E}ric Fleury",
  title =        "An {IP} Next Generation Compliant {Java\TM} Virtual
                 Machine",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1800",
  pages =        "528--??",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 1 09:16:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t1800.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/1800/18000528.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/1800/18000528.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Book{Compton:2000:VLB,
  author =       "Jason Compton",
  title =        "{VMware 2} for {Linux}: [a better way to run multiple
                 operating systems on {Linux}]",
  publisher =    "Prima Tech",
  address =      "Rocklin, CA, USA",
  pages =        "xxii + 406",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-7615-2764-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7615-2764-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 C656 2000",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 9 15:43:22 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Linux; Operating systems (Computers); Virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@TechReport{Crookston:2000:VCM,
  author =       "Newell W. Crookston and Brian Whipple and William J.
                 Grenney",
  title =        "Virtual {C} machine and integrated development
                 environment for {ATMS} controllers",
  number =       "00-109",
  institution =  "Utah Department of Transportation",
  address =      "Salt Lake City, UT, USA",
  pages =        "23",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2000",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 .C76 2000",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:28 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "MPC report",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Performed for the Mountain Plains Consortium..
                 Sponsored by U.S. Department of Transportation
                 University Transportation Centers Program",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Utah; Digital control
                 systems; Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems; Traffic
                 engineering; advanced traffic management systems",
}

@Article{Czajkowski:2000:AIJ,
  author =       "Grzegorz Czajkowski",
  title =        "Application isolation in the {Java$^{TM}$} {Virtual}
                 {Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "354--366",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 7 16:57:37 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/oopsla/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/oops/353171/p354-czajkowski/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Dillenberger:2000:BJV,
  author =       "D. Dillenberger and R. Bordawekar and C. W. Clark and
                 D. Durand and D. Emmes and O. Gohda and S. Howard and
                 M. F. Oliver and F. Samuel and R. W. {St. John}",
  title =        "Building a {Java} virtual machine for server
                 applications: The {JVM} on {OS/390}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "194--210",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 24 15:43:02 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/391/dillenberger.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  ordernumber =  "G321-0137",
}

@Article{Farkas:2000:QEC,
  author =       "Keith I. Farkas and Jason Flinn and Godmar Back and
                 Dirk Grunwald and Jennifer M. Anderson",
  title =        "Quantifying the energy consumption of a pocket
                 computer and a {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "252--263",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/345063.339421",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 26 11:31:11 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we examine the energy consumption of a
                 state-of-the-art pocket computer. Using a data
                 acquisition system, we measure the energy consumption
                 of the Itsy Pocket Computer, developed by Compaq
                 Computer Corporation's Palo Alto Research Labs. We
                 begin by showing that the energy usage characteristics
                 of the Itsy differ markedly from that of a notebook
                 computer. Then, since we expect that flexible software
                 environments will become increasingly prevalent on
                 pocket computers, we consider applications running in a
                 Java environment. In particular, we explain some of the
                 Java design tradeoffs applicable to pocket computers,
                 and quantify their energy costs. For the design options
                 we considered and the three workloads we studied, we
                 find a maximum change in energy use of 25\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@InProceedings{Gough:2000:EJV,
  author =       "K. John Gough and Diane Corney",
  booktitle =    "{Modular Programming Languages}",
  title =        "Evaluating the {Java Virtual Machine} as a Target for
                 Languages Other Than {Java}",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "278--290",
  year =         "2000",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/10722581_22",
  ISBN =         "3-540-44519-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-44519-7",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 6 06:42:26 MST 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/10722581_22",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Oberon-2",
}

@Article{Grefen:2000:CCO,
  author =       "P. Grefen and K. Aberer and Y. Hoffner and H. Ludwig",
  title =        "{CrossFlow}: Cross-organizational workflow management
                 in dynamic virtual enterprises",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-SYST-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "CSSEEI",
  ISSN =         "0267-6192",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 20 12:01:01 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.crlpublishing.co.uk/cssecont00.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsystscieng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.crlpublishing.co.uk/csse",
}

@Article{Gu:2000:EHP,
  author =       "W. Gu and N. A. Burns and M. T. Collins and W. Y. P.
                 Wong",
  title =        "The evolution of a high-performing {Java} virtual
                 machine",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "135--150",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 24 15:43:02 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/391/gu.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  ordernumber =  "G321-0137",
}

@Book{Klappheck:2000:BLE,
  author =       "G{\"u}nther Klappheck and Peter Glinsky and Frank
                 Gehrke",
  title =        "{Das Buch --- LINUX Edition 2000: [jetzt zur S.u.S.E.
                 6.4, Installation und Bedienung von LINUX und seinen
                 Werkzeugen, LINUX im Netzwerk und Internet, LINUX und
                 ISDN, der Desktop KDE 1.x, VMware unter LINUX]}",
  publisher =    "Sybex",
  address =      "D{\"u}sseldorf, Germany",
  pages =        "xxviii + 906",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "3-8155-0175-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8155-0175-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:53 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  price =        "DM 69.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "CD 1 enth.: S.u.S.E. 6.4 Evaluation version; CD 2
                 enth.: Linux-Tools. Nebent.: Linux - Das Buch, Edition
                 2000",
  subject =      "SuSE LINUX 6.4",
}

@InProceedings{Lawton:2000:PVM,
  author =       "Kevin P. Lawton",
  title =        "{Plex86}: An {180x86} Virtual Machine",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2000:PAL",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2000",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 05:17:16 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/als2000/lawton.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Lewis:2000:APH,
  author =       "Brian T. Lewis and Bernd Mathiske and Neal M. Gafter",
  title =        "Architecture of the {PEVM}: a high-performance
                 orthogonally persistent {Java Virtual Machine}",
  number =       "2000-93",
  institution =  "Sun Microsystems",
  address =      "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  pages =        "19",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2000",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.S86.S65",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:19 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  series =       "SMLI TR",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the design and implementation of
                 the PEVM, a new scalable, high-performance
                 implementation of orthogonal persistence for the Java
                 platform (OPJ). The PEVM is based on the Sun
                 Microsystems Laboratories Virtual Machine for Research
                 (ResearchVM), which features an optimizing Just-In-Time
                 compiler, exact generational garbage collection, and
                 fast thread synchronization. It also uses a new,
                 scalable persistent object store designed to manage
                 more than 80GB of objects. The PEVM is approximately
                 ten times faster than previous OPJ implementations and
                 can run significantly larger programs. It is faster
                 than or comparable in performance to several commercial
                 persistence solutions for the Java platform. Despite
                 the PEVM's speed and scalability, its implementation is
                 simpler than our previous OPJ implementation (e.g.,
                 just 43\% of the VM source patches needed by our
                 previous OPJ implementation). Its speed and simplicity
                 are largely due to our pointer swizzling strategy, the
                 ResearchVM's exact memory management, and a few simple
                 but effective mechanisms. For example, we implement
                 some key data structures in the Java programming
                 language since this automatically makes them
                 persistent.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Operating systems (Computers); Java (Computer program
                 language); Computer architecture",
}

@InProceedings{Li:2000:UCS,
  author =       "Tao Li and Lizy Kurian John and Vijaykrishnan
                 Narayanan and Anand Sivasubramaniam and Jyotsna
                 Sabarinathan and Anupama Murthy",
  title =        "Using complete system simulation to characterize
                 {SPECjvm98} benchmarks",
  crossref =     "ACM:2000:CPI",
  pages =        "22--33",
  year =         "2000",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/335231.335234",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 10:02:36 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Complete system simulation to understand the influence
                 of architecture and operating systems on application
                 execution has been identified to be crucial for systems
                 design. While there have been previous attempts at
                 understanding the architectural impact of Java
                 programs, there has been no prior work investigating
                 the operating system (kernel) activity during their
                 executions. This problem is particularly interesting in
                 the context of Java since it is not only the
                 application that can invoke kernel services, but so
                 does the underlying Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
                 implementation which runs these programs. Further, the
                 JVM style (JIT compiler or interpreter) and the manner
                 in which the different JVM components (such as the
                 garbage collector and class loader) are exercised, can
                 have a significant impact on the kernel activities.To
                 investigate these issues, this research uses complete
                 system simulation of the SPECjvm98 benchmarks on the
                 SimOS simulation platform. The execution of these
                 benchmarks on both JIT compilers and interpreters is
                 profiled in detail, to identify and quantify where time
                 is spent in each component. The kernel activity of
                 SPECjvm98 applications constitutes up to 17\% of the
                 execution time in the large dataset and up to 31\% in
                 the small dataset. The average kernel activity in the
                 large dataset is approximately 10\%, in comparison to
                 around 2\% in four SPECInt benchmarks studied. Of the
                 kernel services, TLB miss handling is the most dominant
                 in all applications. The TLB miss rates in the JIT
                 compiler, dynamic class loader and garbage collector
                 portions of the JVM are individually analyzed. In
                 addition to such execution profiles, the ILP in the
                 user and kernel mode are also quantified. The Java code
                 is seen to limit exploitable parallelism and aggressive
                 instruction issue is seen to be less efficient for
                 SPECjvm98 benchmarks in comparison to SPEC95 programs.
                 Also, the kernel mode of execution does not exhibit as
                 much ILP as the user mode.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Mathiske:2000:APM,
  author =       "Bernd Mathiske and Daniel Schneider",
  title =        "Automatic persistent memory management for the
                 {Spotless} virtual machine on the {Palm} connected
                 organizer",
  type =         "SMLI TR",
  number =       "2000-89",
  institution =  "Sun Microsystems",
  address =      "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  pages =        "18",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.S86.S65",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:19 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  abstract =     "Palm organizers are widely used in a multi-tasking
                 fashion. Users switch from one application to another
                 without losing the context established in either of
                 them. Despite its obvious usefulness, there is no
                 automatic support for this convenience in the
                 organizer's operating system, PalmOS. Programmers must
                 implement event callbacks that have to operate on a
                 PalmOS database API to save and reload specific
                 application state. In this report, we describe how this
                 burden can be eliminated. We enhanced the Spotless Java
                 virtual machine for the Palm organizer with transparent
                 multi-tasking support that automates persistence. As a
                 consequence, running Java programs can be beamed
                 between the infra-red links of two Palm organizers. A
                 beamed program will resume on the receiving organizer
                 in the exact same state as on the sending device. A
                 HotSync operation effectively establishes a checkpoint
                 for each involved Java program. The original Spotless
                 JVM's address range for running programs is limited to
                 a few tens of KB in the dynamic RAM area. By directly
                 addressing the much larger static RAM area, our
                 modified VM supports address ranges of several MB. We
                 provide an easy-to-use protocol that leverages
                 persistent threads for automatic life cycle control of
                 external resources (e.g., windows, forms and
                 databases). When applied at the library level, this
                 protocol maintains complete persistence transparency
                 for the application programmer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Palm (Computer); Multitasking (Computer science)",
}

@Article{Nieh:2000:EV,
  author =       "Jason Nieh and Ozgur Can Leonard",
  title =        "Examining {VMware}",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "70, 72--74, 76",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 9 08:25:16 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "VMware is a virtual machine platform that provides an
                 abstraction of x86 PC hardware so that multiple
                 operating systems can run unmodified at the same time
                 on a standard PC. Among other things, this means you
                 can run Windows applications with Linux.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@InProceedings{Provos:2000:EVM,
  author =       "Niels Provos",
  title =        "Encrypting Virtual Machine",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2000:PNU",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2000",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 05:17:16 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sec2000/provos.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Robin:2000:AIP,
  author =       "John Scott Robin and Cynthia E. Irvine",
  title =        "Analysis of the {Intel Pentium}'s Ability to Support a
                 Secure Virtual Machine Monitor",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2000:PNU",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2000",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 05:17:16 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sec2000/robin.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shyu:2000:APV,
  author =       "Shyong-Jian Shyu and B. M. T. Lin",
  title =        "An application of parallel virtual machine framework
                 to film production problem",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "53--62",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 21:49:06 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122100001292",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
}

@Article{Sirer:2000:DID,
  author =       "Emin G{\"u}n Sirer and Robert Grimm and Arthur J.
                 Gregory and Brian N. Bershad",
  title =        "Design and implementation of a distributed virtual
                 machine for networked computers",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23--23",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:42 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Steven:2000:JCR,
  author =       "John Steven and Pravir Chandra and Bob Fleck and Andy
                 Podgurski",
  title =        "{jRapture}: a Capture\slash Replay tool for
                 observation-based testing",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "158--167",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/347636.348993",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:14:00 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We describe the design of jRapture: a tool for
                 capturing and replaying Java program executions in the
                 field. jRapture works with Java binaries (byte code)
                 and any compliant implementation of the Java virtual
                 machine. It employs a lightweight, transparent capture
                 process that permits unobtrusive capture of a Java
                 programs executions. jRapture captures interactions
                 between a Java program and the system, including GUI,
                 file, and console inputs, among other types, and on
                 replay it presents each thread with exactly the same
                 input sequence it saw during capture. In addition,
                 jRapture has a profiling interface that permits a Java
                 program to be instrumented for profiling --- after its
                 executions have been captured. Using an XML-based
                 profiling specification language a tester can specify
                 various forms of profiling to be carried out during
                 replay.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@InProceedings{vanDoorn:2000:SJV,
  author =       "Leendert van Doorn",
  title =        "A Secure {Java{\TM} Virtual Machine}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2000:PNU",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2000",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 05:17:16 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sec2000/vandoorn.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Viswanathan:2000:JVM,
  author =       "D. Viswanathan and S. Liang",
  title =        "{Java Virtual Machine Profiler Interface}",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--95",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 24 15:43:02 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/391/viswanathan.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
  ordernumber =  "G321-0137",
}

@Article{Yutaka:2000:EJV,
  author =       "Oiwa Yutaka and Kenjiro Taura and Akinori Yonezawa",
  title =        "Extending {Java} virtual machine with
                 integer-reference conversion",
  journal =      j-CPE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "407--422",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "CPEXEI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9128(200005)12:6<407::AID-CPE482>3.0.CO;2-E",
  ISSN =         "1040-3108",
  ISSN-L =       "1040-3108",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 29 16:57:06 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1040-3108;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  URL =          "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/72515729/START;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=72515729&PLACEBO=IE.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency, practice and experience",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2001:CRJ,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Conference Report: {{\em 1st Java VM Virtual Machine
                 Research and Technology Symposium (JVM '01)}}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 06:42:33 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2001-08/index.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@InProceedings{Aoki:2001:SVM,
  author =       "Takashi Aoki and Takeshi Eto",
  title =        "On the Software Virtual Machine for the Real Hardware
                 Stack Machine",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2001:PJV",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 17:45:19 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/jvm01/aoki.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aridor:2001:DIV,
  author =       "Yariv Aridor and Michael Factor and Avi Teperman",
  title =        "A distributed implementation of a virtual machine for
                 {Java}",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "221--244",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.565",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 25 10:55:46 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  URL =          "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/78003113/START;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=78003113&PLACEBO=IE.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                 Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Book{Born:2001:VWP,
  author =       "G{\"u}nter Born",
  title =        "{VMware Workstation Praxisf{\"u}hrer: Installation,
                 Konfiguration, Anwendung unter Windows und Linux}",
  publisher =    "SuSE-PRESS",
  address =      "N{\"u}rnberg, Germany",
  pages =        "xxii + 372",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "3-934678-81-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-934678-81-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:53 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  price =        "DM 79.00, EUR 40.00",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "VMware Workstation",
}

@Article{Braught:2001:KSC,
  author =       "Grant Braught and David Reed",
  title =        "The knob \& switch computer: a computer architecture
                 simulator for introductory computer science",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "31--45",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@Article{Bredlau:2001:ALT,
  author =       "Carl Bredlau and Dorothy Deremer",
  title =        "Assembly language through the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "194--198",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366413.364583",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:56:46 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Student understanding of choices and design decisions
                 about instruction formats, addressing, instruction
                 types, and flow of control is developed through the
                 assembly level. We propose the Java Virtual Machine
                 (JVM) as the architecture for teaching assembly
                 language. The paper describes how to use the JVM as a
                 teaching tool for a sophomore level Assembly Language
                 and Computer Architecture course.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@InProceedings{Breg:2001:JVM,
  author =       "Fabian Breg and Constantine Polychronopoulos",
  title =        "{Java Virtual Machine} Support for Object
                 Serialization",
  crossref =     "ACM:2001:PAJ",
  pages =        "173--180",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 06 09:31:01 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.philippsen.com/JGI2001/camerareadyabstracts/12.html;
                 http://www.philippsen.com/JGI2001/finalpapers/18500173.ps",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Java",
}

@Article{Czajkowski:2001:MCV,
  author =       "Grzegorz Czajkowski and Laurent Dayn{\'e}s",
  title =        "Multitasking without compromise: a virtual machine
                 evolution",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "125--138",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 9 14:44:52 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on
                 Object Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and
                 Applications (OOPSLA'01).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@InProceedings{Daly:2001:PID,
  author =       "Charles Daly and Jane Horgan and James Power and John
                 Waldron",
  title =        "Platform Independent Dynamic {Java Virtual Machine
                 Analysis}: the {Java Grande Forum} Benchmark Suite",
  crossref =     "ACM:2001:PAJ",
  pages =        "106--115",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 06 09:31:01 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.philippsen.com/JGI2001/camerareadyabstracts/16.html;
                 http://www.philippsen.com/JGI2001/finalpapers/18500106.ps",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Java",
}

@Article{Decker:2001:PMS,
  author =       "Rick Decker and Stuart Hirshfield",
  title =        "The {PIPPIN} machine: simulations of language
                 processing",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--17",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@Article{Denning:2001:OVM,
  author =       "Peter J. Denning",
  title =        "Origin of Virtual Machines and Other Virtualities",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "73--73",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.948908",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:42:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/annals/an2001/a3073abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an2001/pdf/a3073.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@InProceedings{Dutchyn:2001:MDJ,
  author =       "Christopher Dutchyn and Paul Lu and Duane Szafron and
                 Steven Bromling and Wade Holst",
  title =        "Multi-Dispatch in the {Java Virtual Machine}: Design
                 and Implementation",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2001:PUC",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 18:09:43 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/coots01/dutchyn.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{ECMA-335-1,
  author =       "{ECMA}",
  title =        "{ECMA-335}: {Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)}",
  publisher =    pub-ECMA,
  address =      pub-ECMA:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 479",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 08 07:36:41 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Standard.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ecma-335.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ECMAnumber =   "ECMA-335",
  remark =       "Also ISO/IEC 23271.",
}

@Article{Ertl:2001:BEV,
  author =       "M. Anton Ertl and David Gregg",
  title =        "The Behavior of Efficient Virtual Machine Interpreters
                 on Modern Architectures",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2150",
  pages =        "403--??",
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 2 13:05:53 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2150.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2150/21500403.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2150/21500403.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Fischer:2001:SAN,
  author =       "Markus Fischer",
  title =        "System Area Network Extensions to the Parallel Virtual
                 Machine",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2131",
  pages =        "98--??",
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 1 08:13:55 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2131.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2131/21310098.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2131/21310098.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@InProceedings{Gannon:2001:JCC,
  author =       "Dennis Gannon and others",
  title =        "Panel Discussion: {Java}, {C++}, {C\#}, and Virtual
                 Machines for high performance",
  crossref =     "ACM:2001:PAJ",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 06 09:31:01 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/csharp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Java",
}

@Article{Gonzalez-Castano:2001:JCV,
  author =       "F. J. Gonz{\'a}lez-Casta{\~n}o and L. Anido-Rif{\'o}n
                 and J. M. Pousada-Carballo and P. S.
                 Rodr{\'\i}guez-Hern{\'a}ndez and R.
                 L{\'o}pez-G{\'o}mez",
  title =        "A {Java\slash CORBA} virtual machine architecture for
                 remote execution of optimization solvers in
                 heterogeneous networks",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--16",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-024X(200101)31:1<1::AID-SPE354>3.0.CO;2-C",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 13 06:25:28 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  URL =          "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/76502341/START;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=76502341&PLACEBO=IE.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Guzdial:2001:UST,
  author =       "Mark Guzdial",
  title =        "Using squeak for teaching user interface software",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "219--223",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366413.364588",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:56:46 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Squeak is a new programming language that is
                 particularly appropriate for learning computer science.
                 It offers an excellent infrastructure for interesting
                 projects (e.g., multimedia, Web browsing and serving),
                 and all source code is included (and written in Squeak)
                 from the virtual machine, windowing, on up. Squeak is
                 being used in a course on Objects and Design (focusing
                 on the development of user interfaces), both to enhance
                 the infrastructure for a course on, and to change how
                 user interfaces are taught. Rather than teach a
                 toolkit, the focus is now on teaching students how to
                 build toolkits. This paper presents a pilot study
                 suggesting benefits of our new approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Hartel:2001:FSJ,
  author =       "Pieter H. Hartel and Luc Moreau",
  title =        "Formalizing the safety of {Java}, the {Java Virtual
                 Machine}, and {Java} card",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "517--558",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/503112.503115",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 10:17:06 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We review the existing literature on Java safety,
                 emphasizing formal approaches, and the impact of Java
                 safety on small footprint devices such as smartcards.
                 The conclusion is that although a lot of good work has
                 been done, a more concerted effort is needed to build a
                 coherent set of machine-readable formal models of the
                 whole of Java and its implementation. This is a
                 formidable task but we believe it is essential to build
                 trust in Java safety, and thence to achieve ITSEC level
                 6 or Common Criteria level 7 certification for Java
                 programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
  keywords =     "Common criteria; programming",
}

@Book{Hsu:2001:CAS,
  author =       "John Y. Hsu",
  title =        "Computer Architecture: Software Aspects, Coding,
                 Hardware",
  publisher =    pub-CRC,
  address =      pub-CRC:adr,
  pages =        "427",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-8493-1026-1, 1-351-83604-8, 1-4200-4110-X (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8493-1026-3, 978-1-351-83604-3,
                 978-1-4200-4110-1 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "A76.9.A73 H758 2001",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 19 15:47:59 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/microchip.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visual-instruction-set.bib",
  price =        "US\$89.95, UK\pounds 59.99",
  abstract =     "With the new developments in computer architecture,
                 fairly recent publications can quickly become outdated.
                 Computer Architecture: Software Aspects, Coding, and
                 Hardware takes a modern approach. This comprehensive,
                 practical text provides that critical understanding of
                 a central processor by clearly detailing fundamentals,
                 and cutting edge design features. With its balanced
                 software/hardware perspective and its description of
                 Pentium processors, the book allows readers to acquire
                 practical PC software experience. The text presents a
                 foundation-level set of ideas, design concepts, and
                 applications that fully meet the requirements of
                 computer organization and architecture courses. The
                 book features a ``bottom up'' computer design approach,
                 based upon the author's thirty years experience in both
                 academe and industry. By combining computer engineering
                 with electrical engineering, the author describes how
                 logic circuits are designed in a CPU. The extensive
                 coverage of a microprogrammed CPU and new processor
                 design features gives the insight of current computer
                 development. Computer Architecture: Software Aspects,
                 Coding, and Hardware presents a comprehensive review of
                 the subject, from beginner to advanced levels. Topics
                 include: * Two's complement numbers * Integer overflow
                 * Exponent overflow and underflow * Looping *
                 Addressing modes * Indexing * Subroutine linking * I/O
                 structures * Memory mapped I/O * Cycle stealing *
                 Interrupts * Multitasking * Microprogrammed CPU *
                 Multiplication tree * Instruction queue * Multimedia
                 instructions * Instruction cache * Virtual memory *
                 Data cache * Alpha chip * Interprocessor communications
                 * Branch prediction * Speculative loading * Register
                 stack * JAVA virtual machine * Stack machine
                 principles.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Compaq/DEC Alpha; floating-point arithmetic; Intel
                 x86; Java Virtual Machine; multimedia instructions;
                 Pentium",
  libnote =      "Not yet in my library.",
  tableofcontents = "Number Systems \\
                 Basic Computer Principles \\
                 Assembly Language Principles \\
                 Computer Architecture--General Features \\
                 Microprogrammed CPU Design \\
                 Superscalar Machine Principles \\
                 Vector and Multiple-Processor Machines \\
                 Processor Design Case Studies \\
                 Stack Machine Principles",
}

@Article{Lewis:2001:APH,
  author =       "Brian Lewis and Bernd Mathiske and Neal Gafter",
  title =        "Architecture of the {PEVM}: a High-Performance
                 Orthogonally {Persistent Java{\TM} Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2135",
  pages =        "18--??",
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 2 13:05:37 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2135.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2135/21350018.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2135/21350018.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@InProceedings{Maessen:2001:PAS,
  author =       "Jan-Willem Maessen and Vivek Sarkar and David Grove",
  title =        "Program analysis for safety guarantees in a {Java}
                 virtual machine written in {Java}",
  crossref =     "ACM:2001:ASS",
  pages =        "62--65",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 30 08:01:24 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/paste/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/proceedings/soft/379605/p62-maessen/p62-maessen.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/soft/379605/p62-maessen/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Menczer:2001:OTR,
  author =       "Filippo Menczer and Alberto Maria Segre",
  title =        "{OAMulator}: a teaching resource to introduce computer
                 architecture concepts",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18--30",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@InProceedings{Moore:2001:EFJ,
  author =       "J. Strother Moore and George M. Porter",
  title =        "An Executable Formal {Java Virtual Machine} Thread
                 Model",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2001:PJV",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 17:45:19 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/jvm01/moore.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ng:2001:VEWa,
  author =       "Choong Ng",
  title =        "{VMware Express 2.0} and {Win4Lin 2.0}: a Comparison
                 Review",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "85",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 23 15:20:33 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue85/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Not in journal issue: {Web} only.",
  URL =          "http://www.linuxjournal.com/articles/linux_review/0036.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Ng:2001:VEWb,
  author =       "Choong Ng",
  title =        "{VMware} Express 2.0 and Win4Lin 2.0: a Comparison
                 Review",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "86",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 23 15:20:33 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue86/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Not in journal issue: {Web} only.",
  URL =          "http://www.linuxjournal.com/articles/linux_review/0036.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Osborne:2001:PC,
  author =       "Hugh Osborne",
  title =        "The {Postroom Computer}",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "81--110",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@Article{Radhakrishnan:2001:JRS,
  author =       "R. Radhakrishnan and N. Vijaykrishnan and L. K. John
                 and A. Sivasubramaniam and J. Rubio and J.
                 Sabarinathan",
  title =        "{Java} runtime systems: characterization and
                 architectural implications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "131--146",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/12.908989",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 10:08:12 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is the cornerstone of
                 Java technology and its efficiency in executing the
                 portable Java bytecodes is crucial for the success of
                 this technology. Interpretation, Just-in-Time (JIT)
                 compilation, and hardware realization are well-known
                 solutions for a JVM and previous research has proposed
                 optimizations for each of these techniques. However,
                 each technique has its pros and cons and may not be
                 uniformly attractive for all hardware platforms.
                 Instead, an understanding of the architectural
                 implications of JVM implementations with real
                 applications can be crucial to the development of
                 enabling technologies for efficient Java runtime system
                 development on a wide range of platforms. Toward this
                 goal, this paper examines architectural issues from
                 both the hardware and JVM implementation perspectives.
                 The paper starts by identifying the important execution
                 characteristics of Java applications from a bytecode
                 perspective. It then explores the potential of a smart
                 JIT compiler strategy that can dynamically interpret or
                 compile based on associated costs and investigates the
                 CPU and cache architectural support that would benefit
                 JVM implementations. We also study the available
                 parallelism during the different execution modes using
                 applications from the SPECjvm98 benchmarks. At the
                 bytecode level, it is observed that less than 5 out of
                 the 256 bytecodes constitute 90 percent of the dynamic
                 bytecode stream. Method sizes fall into a trinodal
                 distribution with peak of 1, 9, and 26 bytecodes across
                 all benchmarks. The architectural issues explored in
                 this study show that, when Java applications are
                 executed with a JIT compiler, selective translation
                 using good heuristics can improve performance, but the
                 saving is only 10-15 percent at best. The instruction
                 and data cache performance of Java applications are
                 seen to be better than that of C/C++ applications
                 except in the case of data cache performance in the JIT
                 mode. Write misses resulting from installation of JIT
                 compiler output dominate the misses and deteriorate the
                 data cache performance in JIT mode. A study on the
                 available parallelism shows that Java programs executed
                 using JIT compilers have parallelism comparable to
                 C/C++ programs for small window sizes, but falls behind
                 when the window size is increased. Java programs
                 executed using the interpreter have very little
                 parallelism due to the stack nature of the SVM
                 instruction set, which is dominant in the interpreted
                 execution mode. In addition, this work gives revealing
                 insights and architectural proposals for designing an
                 efficient Java runtime system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Riehle:2001:AUV,
  author =       "Dirk Riehle and Steven Fraleigh and Dirk Bucka-Lassen
                 and Nosa Omorogbe",
  title =        "The architecture of a {UML} virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "327--341",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 9 14:44:52 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on
                 Object Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and
                 Applications (OOPSLA'01).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@InProceedings{Russell:2001:HSA,
  author =       "Kenneth Russell and Lars Bak",
  title =        "The {HotSpot{\TM}} Serviceability Agent: An
                 Out-of-Process High-Level Debugger for a {Java{\TM}
                 Virtual Machine}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2001:PJV",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 17:45:19 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/jvm01/russell.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sarkar:2001:HPS,
  author =       "Vivek Sarkar and Julian Dolby",
  title =        "High-Performance Scalable {Java} Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2228",
  pages =        "151--??",
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 2 13:07:14 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2228.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2228/22280151.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2228/22280151.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Sarmiento:2001:SFU,
  author =       "Evan Sarmiento",
  title =        "Securing {FreeBSD} Using {Jail}",
  journal =      j-SYS-ADMIN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "31, 32, 34, 36--37",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "SYADE7",
  ISSN =         "1061-2688",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 16 18:53:13 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sysadmin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.samag.com/",
  abstract =     "Sarmiento describes the OpenRoot project he's
                 implemented using the Jail feature of FreeBSD.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Schneider:2001:APM,
  author =       "Daniel Schneider and Bernd Mathiske and Matthias Ernst
                 and Matthew Seidl",
  title =        "Automatic Persistent Memory Management for the
                 {Spotless Java{\TM} Virtual Machine} on the {Palm
                 Connected Organizer}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2001:PJV",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 17:45:19 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/jvm01/schneider.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shudo:2001:AME,
  author =       "Kazuyuki Shudo and Yoichi Muraoka",
  title =        "Asynchronous migration of execution context in {Java
                 Virtual Machines}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "225--233",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 27 12:41:22 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.elsevier.com/locate/issn/0167739X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.elsevier.com/gej-ng/10/19/19/60/31/30/abstract.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Skrien:2001:CST,
  author =       "Dale Skrien",
  title =        "{CPU Sim 3.1}: a tool for simulating computer
                 architectures for computer organization classes",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "46--59",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.colby.edu/djskrien/CPUSim/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
  lastaccessed = "17 November 2012",
}

@Book{Stark:2001:JJV,
  author =       "Robert F. St{\"a}rk and Joachim Schmid and Egon
                 B{\"o}rger",
  title =        "{Java} and the {Java Virtual Machine}: definition,
                 verification, validation",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "x + 381",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "3-540-42088-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-42088-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 S785 2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 6 06:26:30 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM with the entire text of the book and
                 numerous examples and exercises.",
  price =        "US\$49.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Java (computer program language); virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@InProceedings{Sugerman:2001:VDV,
  author =       "Jeremy Sugerman and Ganesh Venkitachalam and Beng-Hong
                 Lim",
  title =        "Virtualizing {I/O} Devices on {VMware Workstation}'s
                 Hosted Virtual Machine Monitor",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2001:PUA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 17:19:08 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix01/sugerman.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Suri:2001:SCR,
  author =       "Niranjan Suri",
  title =        "State Capture and Resource Control for {Java}: The
                 Design and Implementation of the {Aroma Virtual
                 Machine}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2001:PJV",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 17:45:19 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/jvm01/JVM_wips/S15.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vonLaszewski:2001:GBA,
  author =       "Gregor von Laszewski and Kazuyuki Shudo and Yoichi
                 Muraoka",
  title =        "Grid-Based Asynchronous Migration of Execution Context
                 in {Java} Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1900",
  pages =        "22--??",
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 2 13:02:44 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t1900.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/1900/19000022.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/1900/19000022.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Wainer:2001:UAS,
  author =       "Gabriel A. Wainer and Sergio Daicz and Luis F. De
                 Simoni and Demian Wassermann",
  title =        "Using the {Alfa-1} simulated processor for educational
                 purposes",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "111--151",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@InProceedings{Welsh:2001:VCH,
  author =       "M. Welsh and D. Culler",
  title =        "Virtualization Considered Harmful: {OS} Design
                 Directions for Well-Conditioned Services",
  crossref =     "IEEE:2001:EIW",
  pages =        "139--146",
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 11:41:03 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 OCLC Proceedings database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Widdowson:2001:JIS,
  author =       "Liam Widdowson",
  title =        "Jailed {Internet} Services",
  journal =      j-SYS-ADMIN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "39, 41--42, 44--45",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "SYADE7",
  ISSN =         "1061-2688",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 11 07:06:35 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sysadmin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.samag.com/",
  abstract =     "Widdowson explains how to configure software to
                 execute within a chroot jail and describes the security
                 benefits.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilson:2001:UVD,
  author =       "Brian Wilson",
  title =        "Using {VMWare} as a Development Tool",
  journal =      j-SYS-ADMIN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "57--59",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "SYADE7",
  ISSN =         "1061-2688",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 09:44:56 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.samag.com/",
  abstract =     "Columns.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Sys admin: the journal for UNIX system
                 administrators",
}

@Article{Yehezkel:2001:TST,
  author =       "Cecile Yehezkel and William Yurcik and Murray Pearson
                 and Dean Armstrong",
  title =        "Three simulator tools for teaching computer
                 architecture: {Little Man} computer, and {RTLSim}",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60--80",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@Article{Zhang:2001:HJAb,
  author =       "Xiaolan Zhang and Margo Seltzer",
  title =        "{HBench:Java}: an application-specific benchmarking
                 framework for {Java Virtual Machines}",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "8--9",
  pages =        "775--792",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.578",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 25 10:55:47 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  URL =          "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/84503219/START;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=84503219&PLACEBO=IE.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                 Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2002:CRJ,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Conference Report: {{\em 2nd Java Virtual Machine
                 Research and Technology Symposium}}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 10:52:12 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2002-10/index.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/javavm02/JavaVM2002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@MastersThesis{Arvizo:2002:VMT,
  author =       "Teodoro Arvizo",
  title =        "A virtual machine for a type-$ \omega $ denotational
                 proof language",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.Eng.} and {S.B.})",
  school =       "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "123",
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 11:22:36 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  note =         "Supervised by Howard E. Shrobe.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Barthe:2002:FCB,
  author =       "Gilles Barthe and Guillaume Dufay and Line Jakubiec
                 and Sim{\~a}o Melo de Sousa",
  title =        "A Formal Correspondence between Offensive and
                 Defensive {JavaCard} Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2294",
  pages =        "32--??",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 19:09:17 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2294.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2294/22940032.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2294/22940032.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Book{Blunden:2002:VMD,
  author =       "Bill Blunden",
  title =        "Virtual machine design and implementation in {C/C++}",
  publisher =    "Wordware Publishing",
  address =      "Plano, TX, USA",
  pages =        "xvii + 668",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "1-55622-903-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-55622-903-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 B59 2002",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 12:01:14 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not in my library.",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; C++ (Computer program
                 language)",
}

@Article{Bosilca:2002:OOE,
  author =       "George Bosilca and Gilles Fedak and Franck Cappello",
  title =        "{OVM}: {Out}-of-order execution parallel virtual
                 machine",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "525--537",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 27 12:41:22 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.elsevier.com/locate/issn/0167739X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.elsevier.com/gej-ng/10/19/19/60/33/34/abstract.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Burch:2002:LGS,
  author =       "Carl Burch",
  title =        "{Logisim}: a graphical system for logic circuit design
                 and simulation",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--16",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@Article{Czajkowski:2002:CSA,
  author =       "Grzegorz Czajkowski and Laurent Dayn{\`e}s and
                 Nathaniel Nystrom",
  title =        "Code Sharing among Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2374",
  pages =        "155--??",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 19:09:57 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2374.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2374/23740155.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2374/23740155.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Diessel:2002:THL,
  author =       "O. Diessel and U. Malik and K. So",
  title =        "Towards High-Level Specification, Synthesis, and
                 Virtualization of Programmable Logic Designs (Research
                 Note)",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2400",
  pages =        "314--??",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 19:10:14 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2400.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2400/24000314.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2400/24000314.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Dugan:2002:SIS,
  author =       "B. Dugan and J. Zahorjan",
  title =        "The {Sloop ISA} and the {SMOK} toolkit",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "49--71",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@Book{ECMA-335-2,
  author =       "{ECMA}",
  title =        "{ECMA-335}: {Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)}",
  publisher =    pub-ECMA,
  address =      pub-ECMA:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "iv + 99 (Part I), vii + 164 (Part II), iv + 124 (Part
                 III), i + 16 (Part IV), ii + 78 (Part V)",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 16 06:24:46 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Standard.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-335-xml.zip;
                 http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-335.pdf;
                 http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ecma-335.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ECMAnumber =   "ECMA-335",
  remark =       "Also ISO/IEC 23271.",
}

@Article{Ertl:2002:VGE,
  author =       "M. Anton Ertl and David Gregg and Andreas Krall and
                 Bernd Paysan",
  title =        "{Vmgen} --- a generator of efficient virtual machine
                 interpreters",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "265--294",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.434",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 12:06:59 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  URL =          "http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/anton/vmgen/;
                 http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/papers/ertl+02.ps.gz;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/90010508/START;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=90010508&PLACEBO=IE.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "byte code; Cacao virtual machine; Forth; generator;
                 GForth virtual machine; interpreter; Java; stack
                 architecture; virtual machine",
}

@Article{Folliot:2002:BFR,
  author =       "B. Folliot and I. Piumarta and L. Seinturier and C.
                 Baillarguet and C. Khoury and A. Leger and F. Ogel",
  title =        "Beyond Flexibility and Reflection: The Virtual Virtual
                 Machine Approach",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2326",
  pages =        "16--??",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 19:09:32 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2326.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2326/23260016.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2326/23260016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Geist:2002:PVM,
  author =       "Al Geist",
  title =        "Petascale Virtual Machine: Computing on 100,000
                 Processors",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2474",
  pages =        "6--??",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 30 20:57:35 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2474.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2474/24740006.htm;
                 http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/papers/2474/24740006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Ha:2002:AHS,
  author =       "Yajun Ha and Radovan Hipik and Serge Vernalde and
                 Diederik Verkest and Marc Engels and Rudy Lauwereins
                 and Hugo De Man",
  title =        "Adding Hardware Support to the {HotSpot} Virtual
                 Machine for Domain Specific Applications",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2438",
  pages =        "1135--??",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 10 19:10:28 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2438.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2438/24381135.htm;
                 http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/papers/2438/24381135.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Hoganson:2002:HPC,
  author =       "Kenneth E. Hoganson",
  title =        "High-performance computer architecture and algorithm
                 simulator",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "131--148",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@InProceedings{Jacob:2002:CAP,
  author =       "Matthias Jacob and Keith Randall",
  title =        "Cross-Architectural Performance Portability of a {Java
                 Virtual Machine} Implementation",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2002:PJV",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 12:37:27 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/javavm02/jacob.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jung:2002:DIS,
  author =       "Jun-Young Jung and Min-Soo Jung",
  title =        "Design and Implementation of Small-Sized {Java Virtual
                 Machine} on {Java} Platform {Jini}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2343",
  pages =        "571--??",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 30 20:57:12 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2343.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2343/23430571.htm;
                 http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/papers/2343/23430571.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Kasprzyk:2002:APV,
  author =       "Leszek Kasprzyk and Ryszard Nawrowski and Andrzej
                 Tomczewski",
  title =        "Application of a Parallel Virtual Machine for the
                 Analysis of a Luminous Field",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2474",
  pages =        "122--??",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 30 20:57:35 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2474.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2474/24740122.htm;
                 http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/papers/2474/24740122.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Levis:2002:MTV,
  author =       "Philip Levis and David Culler",
  title =        "{Mat{\'e}}: a tiny virtual machine for sensor
                 networks",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "85--95",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 12 09:41:23 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Magnusson:2002:SFS,
  author =       "Peter S. Magnusson and Magnus Christensson and Jesper
                 Eskilson and Daniel Forsgren and Gustav H{\aa}llberg
                 and Johan H{\"o}gberg and Fredrik Larsson and Andreas
                 Moestedt and Bengt Werner",
  title =        "{Simics}: a Full System Simulation Platform",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "50--58",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 8 07:11:47 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/co/books/co2002/pdf/r2050.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/computer/co2002/r2050abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@InProceedings{Mikheev:2002:OEJ,
  author =       "V. Mikheev and N. Lipsky and D. Gurchenkov and P.
                 Pavlov and V. Sukharev and A. MarkovS. Kuksenko and S.
                 Fedoseev and D. Leskov and A. Yeryomin",
  editor =       "",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the third international workshop on
                 Software and performance: WOSP '02, July 24--26, 2002
                 Rome, Italy",
  title =        "Overview of {Excelsior JET}, a High Performance
                 Alternative to {Java Virtual Machines}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "104--113",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "",
  ISBN-13 =      "",
  LCCN =         "",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 15:13:51 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Moure:2002:KS,
  author =       "J. C. Moure and Dolores I. Rexachs and Emilio Luque",
  title =        "The {KScalar} simulator",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--116",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@InProceedings{Rajan:2002:CPJ,
  author =       "A. S. Rajan and Shiwen Hu and J. Rubio",
  title =        "Cache performance in {Java} virtual machines: a study
                 of constituent phases",
  crossref =     "IEEE:2002:WII",
  pages =        "81--90",
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 10:13:38 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper studies the level 1 cache performance of
                 Java programs by analyzing memory reference traces of
                 the SPECjvm98 applications executed by the Latte Java
                 virtual machine. We study in detail Java programs'
                 cache performance of different access types in three
                 JVM phases, under two execution modes, using three
                 cache configurations and two application data sets. We
                 observe that the poor data cache performance in the JIT
                 execution mode is caused by code installation, when the
                 data write miss rate in the execution engine can be as
                 high as 70\%. In addition, code installation also
                 deteriorates instruction cache performance during
                 execution of translated code. High cache miss rate in
                 garbage collection is mainly caused by large working
                 set and pointer chasing of the garbage collector. A
                 larger data cache works better on eliminating data
                 cache read misses than write misses, and is more
                 efficient on improving cache performance in the
                 execution engine than in the garbage collection. As
                 application data set increases in the JIT execution
                 mode, instruction cache and data cache write miss rates
                 of the execution engine decrease, while data cache read
                 miss rate of the execution engine increases. On the
                 other hand, impact of varying data set on cache
                 performance is not as pronounced in the interpreted
                 mode as in the JIT mode.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Raner:2002:LJV,
  author =       "Mirko Raner",
  title =        "A Lightweight {Java Virtual Machine} for a Stack-Based
                 Microprocessor",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2002:PJV",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 12:37:27 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/javavm02/raner.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Roblitz:2002:LSE,
  author =       "Thomas R{\"o}blitz and Frank Mueller and Oliver
                 B{\"u}hn",
  title =        "{LegoSim}: simulation of embedded kernels over
                 {Pthreads}",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "117--130",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@Book{Russell:2002:SCI,
  editor =       "Steve Russell and others",
  title =        "Server consolidation with the {IBM eServer xSeries
                 440} and {VMware ESX Server}",
  publisher =    "IBM, International Technical Support Organization",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "xiv + 222",
  month =        NOV,
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-2684-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-2684-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C55 S378 2002",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 9 15:43:22 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Publication number SG24-6852-00.",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Client/server computing; Management; Web servers; IBM
                 computers",
}

@InProceedings{S:2002:SPI,
  author =       "Venugopal K. S. and Geetha Manjunath and Venkatesh
                 Krishnan",
  title =        "{sEc}: a Portable Interpreter Optimizing Technique for
                 Embedded {Java Virtual Machine}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2002:PJV",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 12:37:27 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/javavm02/venugopal.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shelburne:2002:PEP,
  author =       "Brian J. Shelburne",
  title =        "A {PDP-8} emulator program",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--47",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/545197.545200",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 07 17:10:23 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The clean, simple, and elegant architecture of the
                 classic PDP-8 makes it an ideal candidate for studying
                 concepts in computer organization. The PDP-8 emulator
                 program allows a user to write, edit, assemble, debug,
                 trace, and execute PDP-8 machine code and PDP-8
                 assembler language programs. With it, the user can
                 obtain a feel for the PDP-8. The PDP-8 emulator program
                 includes a simple built-in text editor which is used to
                 write and edit PDP-8 assembler language programs, an
                 assembler to translate these programs into PDP-8
                 machine code, and a virtual PDP-8 engine upon which to
                 execute the code. PDP-8 code can be executed from a
                 debug screen display that allows the user to observe
                 the contents of registers and memory as the code
                 executes or code can be executed using an I/O interface
                 that requires user-written PDP-8 I/O routines. This
                 article provides an introduction to both the PDP-8
                 architecture and PDP-8 assembler language and discusses
                 how to use the PDP-8 emulator program. The PDP-8
                 emulator program runs under MS-DOS in a command
                 window.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
  keywords =     "virtual machine",
}

@Article{Surdeanu:2002:DPA,
  author =       "Mihai Surdeanu and Dan Moldovan",
  title =        "Design and Performance Analysis of a Distributed {Java
                 Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "611--627",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2002.1011415",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 23 15:36:27 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/td/books/td2002/pdf/l0611.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/tpds/td2002/l0611abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Waldspurger:2002:MRM,
  author =       "Carl A. Waldspurger",
  title =        "Memory resource management in {VMware ESX} server",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "5S",
  pages =        "181--194",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 12:49:42 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Ward:2002:BVC,
  author =       "Brian Ward",
  title =        "The book of {VMware}: the complete guide to {VMware}
                 workstation",
  publisher =    pub-NO-STARCH,
  address =      pub-NO-STARCH:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 249",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "1-886411-72-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-886411-72-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 W3653 2002",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 06 08:24:50 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  price =        "US\$39.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wells:2002:HMA,
  author =       "Paul Damian Wells",
  title =        "The {HSSM} macro-architecture, {Virtual Machine} and
                 {H} languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "74--82",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 15 12:23:01 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "Hierarchical Simultaneous Set Membership (HSSM)",
}

@Article{Whaley:2002:AEO,
  author =       "John Whaley and Michael C. Martin and Monica S. Lam",
  title =        "Automatic extraction of object-oriented component
                 interfaces",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "218--228",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/566171.566212",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:14:20 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Component-based software design is a popular and
                 effective approach to designing large systems. While
                 components typically have well-defined interfaces,
                 sequencing information---which calls must come in which
                 order---is often not formally specified. This paper
                 proposes using multiple finite statemachine (FSM)
                 submodels to model the interface of a class. A submodel
                 includes a subset of methods that, for example,
                 implement a Java interface, or access some particular
                 field. Each state-modifying method is represented as a
                 state in the FSM, and transitions of the FSMs represent
                 allow able pairs of consecutive methods. In addition,
                 state-preserving methods are constrained to execute
                 only under certain states. We have designed and
                 implemented a system that includes static analyses to
                 deduce illegal call sequences in a program, dynamic
                 instrumentation techniques to extract models from
                 execution runs, and a dynamic model checker that
                 ensures that the code conforms to the model. Extracted
                 models can serve as documentation; they can serve as
                 constraints to be enforced by a static checker; they
                 can be studied directly by developers to determine if
                 the program is exhibiting unexpected behavior; or they
                 can be used to determine the completeness of a test
                 suite. Our system has been run on several large code
                 bases, including the joeq virtual machine, the basic
                 Java libraries, and the Java 2 Enterprise Edition
                 library code. Our experience suggests that this
                 approach yields useful information.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Yurcik:2002:SIS,
  author =       "William (Bill) Yurcik",
  title =        "Special issue on {\em specialized\/} computer
                 architecture simulators that see the present and may
                 hold the future",
  journal =      j-JERIC,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--3",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1531-4278",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 3 18:43:37 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jeric/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jeric.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing
                 (JERIC)",
}

@InProceedings{Ahmad:2003:ADP,
  author =       "I. Ahmad and J. M. Anderson and A. M. Holler and R.
                 Kambo and V. Makhija",
  title =        "An analysis of disk performance in {VMware ESX Server}
                 virtual machines",
  crossref =     "IEEE:2003:IIW",
  pages =        "65--76",
  year =         "2003",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/WWC.2003.1249058",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:02:30 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "VMware ESX Server is a software platform that
                 efficiently multiplexes the hardware resources of a
                 server among virtual machines. This paper studies the
                 performance of a key component of the ESX Server
                 architecture: its storage subsystem. We characterize
                 the performance of native systems and virtual machines
                 using a series of disk microbenchmarks on several
                 different storage systems. We show that the virtual
                 machines perform well compared to native, and that the
                 I/O behavior of virtual machines closely matches that
                 of the native server. We then discuss how the
                 microbenchmarks can be used to estimate virtual machine
                 performance for disk-intensive applications by studying
                 two workloads: a simple file server and a commercial
                 mail server.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:2003:PJU,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Products: {JetBrains} Upgrades {IntelliJ Java IDE};
                 {Catalyst}'s {USB} Analyzer Supports Device Emulation;
                 {VMware} Releases {Enterprise Server VM} Software;
                 {Motorola} Offers Free Soft Modem Reference Design;
                 {RealNetworks} Releases Source for {Helix DNA Server};
                 {Packeteer} Accelerates Intranet and {Internet}
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "80--81",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 12 19:53:55 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2003/03/r3080.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2003/03/r3080.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2003:PVF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Products: {VMware}'s Fourth-Generation Desktop
                 Virtualization Software; Automated Design Reviews with
                 {Reviewer for Rose}; {CodeWeavers} Debues {CrossOver
                 Office}; {Corel Smart Graphics Studio} Now Available;
                 {IronGrid}'s {Java} Performance Tool; {Infragistics}
                 Releases {NetAdvantage} Component Collection",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "98--99",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 12 19:53:41 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2003/06/r6098.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2003/06/r6098.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@InProceedings{Barham:2003:VMM,
  author =       "Paul Barham and Boris Dragovic and Keir Fraser and
                 Steven Hand and Tim Harris and Alex Ho and Rolf
                 Neugebauer and Ian Pratt and Andrew Warfield",
  title =        "Virtual machine monitors: {Xen} and the art of
                 virtualization",
  crossref =     "ACM:2003:SPA",
  pages =        "164--177",
  year =         "2003",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/945445.945462",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:33:07 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Numerous systems have been designed which use
                 virtualization to subdivide the ample resources of a
                 modern computer. Some require specialized hardware, or
                 cannot support commodity operating systems. Some target
                 100\% binary compatibility at the expense of
                 performance. Others sacrifice security or functionality
                 for speed. Few offer resource isolation or performance
                 guarantees; most provide only best-effort provisioning,
                 risking denial of service.This paper presents Xen, an
                 x86 virtual machine monitor which allows multiple
                 commodity operating systems to share conventional
                 hardware in a safe and resource managed fashion, but
                 without sacrificing either performance or
                 functionality. This is achieved by providing an
                 idealized virtual machine abstraction to which
                 operating systems such as Linux, BSD and Windows XP,
                 can be ported with minimal effort.Our design is
                 targeted at hosting up to 100 virtual machine instances
                 simultaneously on a modern server. The virtualization
                 approach taken by Xen is extremely efficient: we allow
                 operating systems such as Linux and Windows XP to be
                 hosted simultaneously for a negligible performance
                 overhead --- at most a few percent compared with the
                 unvirtualized case. We considerably outperform
                 competing commercial and freely available solutions in
                 a range of microbenchmarks and system-wide tests.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Breg:2003:JVM,
  author =       "Fabian Breg and Constantine D. Polychronopoulos",
  title =        "{Java Virtual Machine} support for object
                 serialization",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3--5",
  pages =        "263--275",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.667",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 13 09:28:08 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                 Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "12 Feb 2003",
}

@Article{Brown:2003:SFE,
  author =       "Rhodes Brown and Karel Driesen and David Eng and
                 Laurie Hendren and John Jorgensen and Clark Verbrugge
                 and Qin Wang",
  title =        "{STEP}: a framework for the efficient encoding of
                 general trace data",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--34",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/634636.586103",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:14:25 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Traditional tracing systems are often limited to
                 recording a fixed set of basic program events. This
                 limitation can frustrate an application or compiler
                 developer who is trying to understand and characterize
                 the complex behavior of software systems such as a Java
                 program running on a Java Virtual Machine. In the past,
                 many developers have resorted to specialized tracing
                 systems that target a particular type of program event.
                 This approach often results in an obscure and poorly
                 documented encoding format which can limit the reuse
                 and sharing of potentially valuable information. To
                 address this problem, we present STEP, a system
                 designed to provide profiler developers with a standard
                 method for encoding general program trace data in a
                 flexible and compact format. The system consists of a
                 trace data definition language along with a compiler
                 and an architecture that simplifies the client
                 interface by encapsulating the details of encoding and
                 interpretation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Cai:2003:THI,
  author =       "H. Cai and A. J. Wellings",
  title =        "Towards a High Integrity Real-Time {Java} Virtual
                 Machine",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2889",
  pages =        "319--334",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 2 18:51:43 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Chen:2003:EJV,
  author =       "D. Chen and V. Talwar",
  title =        "Extending {Java Virtual Machines} for networked
                 embedded devices",
  journal =      "Research Disclosure",
  volume =       "475",
  publisher =    "Kenneth Mason Publications",
  pages =        "475/076",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0374-4353",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 8 15:22:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Compton:2003:VL,
  author =       "Jason Compton",
  title =        "{VMware 2} for {Linux}",
  publisher =    "Premier Press",
  address =      "Rocklin, CA, USA",
  pages =        "xxii + 406",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-7615-2764-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7615-2764-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 C656 2000",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 06 08:42:35 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM.",
  price =        "US\$39.99",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Debbabi:2003:MCA,
  author =       "M. Debbabi and M. Erhioui and L. Ketari and N. Tawbi
                 and H. Yahyaoui and S. Zhioua",
  title =        "Method Call Acceleration in Embedded {Java} Virtual
                 Machines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2659",
  pages =        "750--759",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 9 10:18:07 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Eeckhout:2003:HJP,
  author =       "Lieven Eeckhout and Andy Georges and Koen {De
                 Bosschere}",
  title =        "How {Java} programs interact with virtual machines at
                 the microarchitectural level",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "169--186",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:18:34 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Ertl:2003:OIB,
  author =       "M. Anton Ertl and David Gregg",
  title =        "Optimizing indirect branch prediction accuracy in
                 virtual machine interpreters",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "278--288",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 11 12:45:00 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Friedman:2003:TFT,
  author =       "R. Friedman and A. Kama",
  title =        "Transparent Fault-Tolerant {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the Symposium on Reliable Distributed
                 Systems",
  volume =       "EDIT22",
  pages =        "319--328",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1060-9857",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 8 15:22:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{GomezMartin:2003:JVE,
  author =       "P. P. GomezMartin and M. A. GomezMartin and P. A.
                 GonzalezCalero",
  title =        "{Javy}: Virtual Environment for Case-Based Teaching of
                 {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2773",
  pages =        "906--913",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 21 05:29:09 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Gregg:2003:PID,
  author =       "David Gregg and James Power and John Waldron",
  title =        "Platform independent dynamic {Java} virtual machine
                 analysis: the {Java Grande Forum} benchmark suite",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3--5",
  pages =        "459--484",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.666",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 13 09:28:08 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                 Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "12 Feb 2003",
}

@Article{Hu:2003:DJV,
  author =       "E. Y. S. Hu and A. J. Wellings and G. Bernat",
  title =        "Deriving {Java Virtual Machine} Timing Models for
                 Portable Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "2889",
  pages =        "411--424",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 2 18:51:43 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@PhdThesis{Ive:2003:TER,
  author =       "Anders Ive",
  title =        "Towards an embedded real-time {Java Virtual Machine}",
  volume =       "20",
  type =         "Thesis (fil.dr.)",
  school =       "Lund University, Department of Computer Science",
  address =      "Lund, Sweden",
  pages =        "viii + 139",
  year =         "2003",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:56 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  series =       "Dissertation / Department of Computer Science, Lund
                 University",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "JVM; microsystems",
}

@InProceedings{McAuley:2003:CVC,
  author =       "Derek McAuley and Rolf Neugebauer",
  title =        "A case for virtual channel processors",
  crossref =     "ACM:2003:ATA",
  pages =        "237--242",
  year =         "2003",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/944747.944758",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:03:33 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Modern desktop and server computer systems use
                 multiple processors: general purpose CPU(s), graphic
                 processor (GPU), network processors (NP) on Network
                 Interface Cards (NICs), RAID controllers, and signal
                 processors on sound cards and modems. Some of these
                 processors traditionally have been special purpose
                 processors but there is a trend towards replacing some
                 of these with embedded general purpose processors. At
                 the same time main CPUs become more powerful; desktop
                 CPUs start featuring Simultaneous Multi-Threading
                 (SMT); and Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) systems are
                 widely used in server systems. However, the structure
                 of operating systems has not really changed to reflect
                 these trends --- different types of processors evolve
                 at different time scales (largely driven by market
                 forces) requiring significant changes to operating
                 systems kernels to reflect the appropriate tradeoffs.In
                 this position paper we propose to re-vitalise the old
                 idea of channel processors by encapsulating operating
                 system I/O subsystems in Virtual Channel Processors
                 (VCPs). VCPs perform I/O operations on behalf of an OS.
                 They provide similar development, performance, and
                 fault isolation as dedicated (embedded) I/O processors
                 do while offering the flexibility to split
                 functionality between the main processor(s) and
                 dedicated processors without affecting the rest of the
                 OS. If part of a VCP is executed on the main processor,
                 we propose to make use of virtual machine technology
                 and SMT/SMP features to isolate its performance from
                 that of the rest of the system and to protect the
                 system from faults within the VCP.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mengant:2003:NBJ,
  author =       "J. Y. Mengant",
  title =        "{A.NET} Bridge to a {Java Virtual Machine}: {Java} and
                 {.NET} interoperability, with a little help from
                 {C++}",
  journal =      j-CCCUJ,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "28",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "CCUJEX",
  ISSN =         "1075-2838",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 7 05:32:12 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "C/C++ Users Journal",
}

@MastersThesis{Panesar-Walawege:2003:VHM,
  author =       "Rajwinder Kaur Panesar-Walawege",
  title =        "{Views}: a platform-independent {GUI} toolkit for the
                 shared-source {Common Language Infrastructure}",
  type =         "Thesis ({M. Sc.})",
  publisher =    "National Library of Canada = Biblioth\`eque nationale
                 du Canada",
  school =       "University of Victoria",
  address =      "Victoria, BC, Canada",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-612-85233-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-612-85233-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Canadian theses = Th\`eses canadiennes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Ragsdale:2003:CLI,
  author =       "Susann Ragsdale and David Sussman and Mark Fussell",
  title =        "The {Common Language Infrastructure} Annotated
                 Standard",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "826",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-321-15493-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-321-15493-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Microsoft.NET development series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "object-oriented methods (computer science);
                 Microsoft.NET Framework",
}

@Article{Requet:2003:BME,
  author =       "Antoine Requet",
  title =        "A {B} model for ensuring soundness of a large subset
                 of the {Java Card} virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "283--306",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 11 10:42:01 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://www.elsevier.com/locate/issn/01676423;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
}

@Article{Shaylor:2003:JVM,
  author =       "Nik Shaylor and Douglas N. Simon and William R. Bush",
  title =        "A {Java} Virtual Machine Architecture for Very Small
                 Devices",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "34--41",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 11 12:45:03 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Shippy:2003:PGT,
  author =       "P. J. Shippy",
  title =        "Porting the {Gnat} Tasking Runtime System to the {Java
                 Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      "Literary Review",
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "119--120",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0024-4589",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 5 09:19:58 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stefanovic:2003:OFG,
  author =       "Darko Stefanovi{\'c} and Matthew Hertz and Stephen M.
                 Blackburn and Kathryn S. McKinley and J. Eliot B.
                 Moss",
  title =        "Older-first Garbage Collection in Practice: Evaluation
                 in a {Java} Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "2s",
  pages =        "25--36",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 15 12:23:14 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Book{Stutz:2003:SSC,
  author =       "David Stutz and Ted Neward and Geoff Shilling",
  title =        "Shared Source {CLI} Essentials",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 357",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-596-00351-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-596-00351-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.625 .S76 2003",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 15:05:28 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/prdindex.html;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$34.95",
  URL =          "http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9780596003517;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/sscliess",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  publishersummary = "This concise and insightful guide provides a
                 roadmap for anyone trying to navigate or manipulate the
                 Shared Source CLI code (codenamed ``Rotor''). With as
                 many as 1.3 million lines of code in 14,000 files, this
                 book is absolutely necessary for anyone who wants to
                 jump into the complex nucleus of Microsoft's .NET
                 Platform. The book includes a CD-ROM that contains all
                 the source code and files.",
  subject =      "Internet programming; Microsoft .NET Framework;
                 Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Tikir:2003:RDS,
  author =       "Mustafa M. Tikir and Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth and
                 Guei-Yuan Lueh",
  title =        "Recompilation for debugging support in a
                 {JIT-compiler}",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--17",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/634636.586100",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:14:25 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A static Java compiler converts Java source code into
                 a verifiably secure and compact architecture-neutral
                 intermediate format, called Java byte codes. The Java
                 byte codes can be either interpreted by a Java Virtual
                 Machine or translated into native code by Java
                 Just-In-Time compilers. Static Java compilers embed
                 debug information in the Java class files to be used by
                 the source level debuggers. However, the debug
                 information is generated for architecture independent
                 byte codes and most of the debug information is valid
                 only when the byte codes are interpreted. Translating
                 byte codes into native instructions puts a limitation
                 on the amount of usable debug information that can be
                 used by source level debuggers. In this paper, we
                 present a new technique to generate valid debug
                 information when Just-In-Time compilers are used. Our
                 approach is based on the dynamic recompilation of Java
                 methods by a fast code generator and lazily generates
                 debug information when it is required. We also present
                 three implementations for field watch support in the
                 Java Virtual Machine Debugger Interface to investigate
                 the runtime overhead and code size growth by our
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@InProceedings{Vogels:2003:HNC,
  author =       "Werner Vogels",
  title =        "{HPC.NET} --- are {CLI}-based Virtual Machines
                 Suitable for High Performance Computing?",
  crossref =     "ACM:2003:SII",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2003",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 26 07:34:20 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sc-conference.org/sc2003/inter_cal/inter_cal_detail.php?eventid=10710#2;
                 http://www.sc-conference.org/sc2003/paperpdfs/pap251.pdf",
  abstract =     "The Common Language Infrastructure is a new,
                 standardized virtual machine that is likely to become
                 popular on several platforms. In this paper we review
                 whether this technology has any future in the
                 high-performance computing community, for example by
                 targeting the same application space as the Java-Grande
                 Forum. We review the technology by benchmarking three
                 implementations of the CLI and compare those with the
                 results on Java virtual machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Ward:2003:VWH,
  author =       "Brian Ward and Gerhard Franken",
  title =        "{VMware Workstation: [das Handbuch; Installation,
                 Konfiguration, Anwendung und Troubleshooting;
                 Gast-Systeme: Windows, Linux, BSD, Novell NetWare,
                 Solaris, FreeDOS und Oberon; virtuelle Netzwerke,
                 Netzwerkkonfiguration und -dienste]}",
  publisher =    "mitp-Verl.",
  address =      "Landsberg, Germany",
  pages =        "336",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "3-8266-0964-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8266-0964-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:53 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  price =        "EUR 32.00 (DE)",
  URL =          "http://www.gbv.de/du/services/agi/FCC0A57071BE8695C125704A0029797F/FLMA122525",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "VMware Workstation",
}

@Book{Adra:2004:APV,
  editor =       "Bill Adra and others",
  title =        "Advanced {POWER} virtualization on {IBM e-server p5}
                 servers. Introduction and basic configuration",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 268",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-9081-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-9081-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 A378 2004",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:10:00 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0608/2005274479.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2004:CRV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Conference Report: {{\em 3rd Virtual Machine Research
                 and Technology Symposium (VM '04)}}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 10:52:40 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2004-08/index.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2004-08/openpdfs/vm04reports.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Book{Bastiaansen:2004:RGU,
  author =       "Rob Bastiaansen",
  title =        "{Rob}'s Guide to Using {VMWARE}",
  publisher =    "Books4Brains",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "268 (est.)",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "90-808934-1-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-808934-1-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:57:33 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.comcol.nl/detail/55734.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Davoli:2004:TOS,
  author =       "Renzo Davoli",
  title =        "Teaching operating systems administration with {User
                 Mode Linux}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "112--116",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1026487.1008027",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:09 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "User Mode Linux is a virtual machine running on a
                 GNU-Linux operating system. It is the right choice for
                 teaching operating systems' administration, as it does
                 not need any dedicated hardware. It runs at user level
                 (no need for root, i.e., administrator, access or
                 possible security threats) and it does not have the
                 performance problems of an emulator. This paper
                 describes how to set up a laboratory for teaching
                 operating systems' administration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Doyle:2004:DIM,
  author =       "Patrick Doyle and Carlos Cavanna and Tarek S.
                 Abdelrahman",
  title =        "The design and implementation of a modular and
                 extensible {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "287--313",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.565",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 16 07:26:27 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "5 Jan 2004",
}

@Book{Dufrasne:2004:IVE,
  editor =       "Bertrand Dufrasne and others",
  title =        "Implementing {VMware ESX Server} with {IBM
                 TotalStorage FAStT}",
  publisher =    "IBM, International Support Organization",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "xvi + 246",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-9134-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-9134-9",
  LCCN =         "TK5105.86 I475 2004",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 9 15:43:22 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Publication number SG24-6434-00.",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Storage area networks (Computer networks); Web
                 servers; IBM computers",
}

@InProceedings{Ho:2004:PPD,
  author =       "Alex Ho and Steven Hand and Tim Harris",
  title =        "{PDB}: Pervasive Debugging With {Xen}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:2004:FIA",
  pages =        "260--265",
  year =         "2004",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/GRID.2004.49",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:20:54 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Building distributed grid applications is notoriously
                 difficult: the complex interactions between
                 concurrently running processes, middleware, operating
                 systems, underlying devices, and interconnecting
                 networks can lead to unpredictable and difficult to
                 analyze errors. Yet debugging support for such systems
                 is woefully inadequate; typically a central user
                 interface coordinates a set of conventional debuggers.
                 This structure leads to synchronization problems and is
                 limited to debugging user-mode applications. In this
                 paper we present the design and implementation of PDB,
                 a pervasive debugger which executes in a virtualization
                 layer underneath the entire distributed system. By
                 running each node of a distributed application in a
                 separate virtual environment atop the debugger, PDB can
                 exercise full control over the entire execution
                 environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Hohmuth:2004:RTS,
  author =       "Michael Hohmuth and Michael Peter and Hermann
                 H{\"a}rtig and Jonathan S. Shapiro",
  title =        "Reducing {TCB} size by using untrusted components:
                 small kernels versus virtual-machine monitors",
  crossref =     "ACM:2004:PWA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2004",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1133572.1133615",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:28:03 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Secure systems are best built on top of a small
                 trusted operating system: The smaller the operating
                 system, the easier it can be assured or verified for
                 correctness.In this paper, we oppose the view that
                 virtual-machine monitors (VMMs) are the smallest
                 systems that provide secure isolation because they have
                 been specifically designed to provide little more than
                 this property. The problem with this assertion is that
                 VMMs typically do not support interprocess
                 communication, complicating the use of untrusted
                 components inside a secure systems.We propose extending
                 traditional VMMs with features for secure message
                 passing and memory sharing to enable the use of
                 untrusted components in secure systems. We argue that
                 moving system components out of the TCB into the
                 untrusted part of the system and communicating with
                 them using IPC reduces the overall size of the TCB.We
                 argue that many secure applications can make use of
                 untrusted components through trusted wrappers without
                 risking security properties such as confidentiality and
                 integrity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articlenumber = "22",
}

@Article{Hu:2004:TLI,
  author =       "Ji Hu and Christoph Meinel and Michael Schmitt",
  title =        "Tele-lab {IT} security: an architecture for
                 interactive lessons for security education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "412--416",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1028174.971440",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:06 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "IT security education is an important activity in
                 computer science education. The broad range of existing
                 security threats makes it necessary to teach students
                 the principles of IT security as well as to let them
                 gain hands-on experience. In order to enable students
                 to practice IT security anytime anywhere, a novel
                 tutoring system is being developed at the University of
                 Trier, Germany, which allows them to get familiar with
                 security technologies and tools via the Internet. Based
                 on virtual machine technology, users are able to
                 perform exercises on a Linux system instead of in a
                 restricted simulation environment. This paper describes
                 the user interface of the Tele-Lab IT Security, its
                 system architecture and its functional components.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Huang:2004:MDS,
  author =       "Lan Huang and Gang Peng and Tzi-cker Chiueh",
  title =        "Multi-dimensional storage virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--24",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1012888.1005692",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 27 09:21:18 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Most state-of-the-art commercial storage
                 virtualization systems focus only on one particular
                 storage attribute, capacity. This paper describes the
                 design, implementation and evaluation of a {\em
                 multi-dimensional storage virtualization\/} system
                 called Stonehenge, which is able to virtualize a
                 cluster-based physical storage system along multiple
                 dimensions, including bandwidth, capacity, and latency.
                 As a result, Stonehenge is able to multiplex multiple
                 virtual disks, each with a distinct bandwidth,
                 capacity, and latency attribute, on a single physical
                 storage system as if they are separate physical disks.
                 A key enabling technology for Stonehenge is an
                 efficiency-aware real-time disk scheduling algorithm
                 called dual-queue disk scheduling, which maximizes disk
                 utilization efficiency while providing Quality of
                 Service (QoS) guarantees. To optimize disk utilization
                 efficiency, Stonehenge exploits run-time measurements
                 extensively, for admission control, computing
                 latency-derived bandwidth requirement, and predicting
                 disk service time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
  keywords =     "quality of service; storage virtualization",
}

@InProceedings{Krsul:2004:VPM,
  author =       "Ivan Krsul and Arijit Ganguly and Jian Zhang and Jose
                 A. B. Fortes and Renato J. Figueiredo",
  title =        "{VMPlants}: Providing and Managing Virtual Machine
                 Execution Environments for {Grid} Computing",
  crossref =     "ACM:2004:SHP",
  pages =        "7--??",
  year =         "2004",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2004.67",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:33:45 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines provide flexible, powerful execution
                 environments for Grid computing, offering isolation and
                 security mechanisms complementary to operating systems,
                 customization and encapsulation of entire application
                 environments, and support for legacy applications. This
                 paper describes a Grid service, VMPlant, that provides
                 for automated configuration and creation of flexible
                 VMs that, once configured to meet application needs,
                 can then subsequently be copied (``cloned'') and
                 dynamically instantiated to provide homogeneous
                 execution environments across distributed Grid
                 resources. In combination with complementary middleware
                 for user, data and resource management, the
                 functionality enabled by VMPlant allows for
                 problem-solving environments to deliver Grid
                 applications to users with unprecedented flexibility.
                 VMPlant supports a graph-based model for the definition
                 of customized VM configuration actions; partial graph
                 matching, VM state storage and ``cloning'' for
                 efficient creation. This paper presents the VMPlant
                 architecture, describes a prototype implementation of
                 the service, and presents an analysis of its
                 performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{LeVasseur:2004:SAR,
  author =       "Joshua LeVasseur and Volkmar Uhlig",
  title =        "A sledgehammer approach to reuse of legacy device
                 drivers",
  crossref =     "ACM:2004:PWA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2004",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1133572.1133617",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:41:52 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Device drivers account for the majority of an
                 operating system's code base, and reuse of the existing
                 driver infrastructure is a pragmatic requirement of any
                 new OS project. New operating systems should benefit
                 from the existing device driver code base without
                 demanding legacy support from the kernel.Instead of
                 trying to directly integrate existing device drivers we
                 propose a more radical approach. We run the unmodified
                 device driver, with its complete original OS, isolated
                 in a virtual machine. Our flexible approach, requiring
                 only minimal support infrastructure, allows us to run
                 any existing device driver, independently of the OS or
                 driver vendor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articlenumber = "24",
}

@Article{Lowell:2004:DVM,
  author =       "David E. Lowell and Yasushi Saito and Eileen J.
                 Samberg",
  title =        "Devirtualizable virtual machines enabling general,
                 single-node, online maintenance",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "211--223",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 12 09:41:24 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{McKusick:2004:JFF,
  author =       "Kirk McKusick",
  title =        "The Jail Facility in {FreeBSD 5.2}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 11 10:52:42 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2004-08/index.html",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2004-08/pdfs/mckusick.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Miller:2004:CLI,
  author =       "James S. Miller and Susann Ragsdale",
  title =        "The {Common Language Infrastructure} Annotated
                 Standard",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xxxii + 891",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-321-15493-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-321-15493-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7 .M52 2003",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:58:53 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Programming languages (Electronic computers);
                 Microsoft .NET Framework",
}

@Article{Nelson:2004:CDC,
  author =       "T. Nelson",
  title =        "A Cosmology for a Different Computer Universe: Data
                 Model, Mechanisms, Virtual Machine and Visualization
                 Infrastructure",
  journal =      j-J-DIGITAL-INFO,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1368-7506",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 5 18:53:03 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jdigitalinfo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://jodi.tamu.edu/Articles/v05/i01/Nelson",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Digital Information",
}

@Article{Rosenblum:2004:RVM,
  author =       "Mendel Rosenblum",
  title =        "The Reincarnation of Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "34--40",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1016998.1017000",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 6 17:44:33 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
}

@Article{Schmalenbach:2004:JVM,
  author =       "C. Schmalenbach and C. Hofig",
  title =        "The {Java Virtual Machine} Profiler Interface",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "28--33",
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 28 15:27:39 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Siveroni:2004:OSJ,
  author =       "I. A. Siveroni",
  title =        "Operational semantics of the {Java Card Virtual
                 Machine}",
  journal =      j-J-LOGIC-ALG-PROG,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "3--25",
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1567-8326",
  ISSN-L =       "1567-8326",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 06:08:07 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming",
}

@Article{Supnik:2004:SVM,
  author =       "Bob Supnik",
  title =        "Simulators: Virtual Machines of the Past (and
                 Future)",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "52--58",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1016998.1017002",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 6 17:44:33 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
}

@Article{Adams:2005:CMC,
  author =       "Joel C. Adams and W. David Laverell",
  title =        "Configuring a multi-course lab for system-level
                 projects",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "525--529",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1047124.1047509",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:13 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Having students modify an actual operating system
                 kernel or network protocol stack opens their eyes to
                 what is going on ``beneath the hood'' of a computer.
                 However student modifications to a system may result in
                 an unstable computer. Because of this, giving students
                 such experience has in the past required a lab and/or
                 computers dedicated to the students in the system-level
                 course, and computer science departments without such
                 dedicated facilities have been unable to provide their
                 students with system-level experience. In this paper,
                 we present two ways of giving students system-level
                 experience in a non-dedicated lab; one using commercial
                 software (VMware), and another using open-source
                 freeware (User Mode Linux Kernel).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Alpern:2005:JRV,
  author =       "B. Alpern and S. Augart and S. M. Blackburn and M.
                 Butrico and A. Cocchi and P. Cheng and J. Dolby and S.
                 Fink and D. Grove and M. Hind and K. S. McKinley and M.
                 Mergen and J. E. B. Moss and T. Ngo and V. Sarkar and
                 M. Trapp",
  title =        "The {Jikes Research Virtual Machine} project: Building
                 an open-source research community",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "399--417",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 16 18:29:43 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/442/alpern.html;
                 http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/442/alpern.pdf;
                 http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/442/alpern.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
}

@InProceedings{Alpern:2005:PVE,
  author =       "Bowen Alpern and Joshua Auerbach and Vasanth Bala and
                 Thomas Frauenhofer and Todd Mummert and Michael
                 Pigott",
  title =        "{PDS}: a virtual execution environment for software
                 deployment",
  crossref =     "ACM:2005:PFA",
  pages =        "175--185",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1064979.1065004",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 16:55:50 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The Progressive Deployment System (PDS) is a virtual
                 execution environment and infrastructure designed
                 specifically for deploying software, or ``assets'', on
                 demand while enabling management from a central
                 location. PDS intercepts a select subset of system
                 calls on the target machine to provide a partial
                 virtualization at the operating system level. This
                 enables an asset's install-time environment to be
                 reproduced virtually while otherwise not isolating the
                 asset from peer applications on the target machine.
                 Asset components, or ``shards'', are fetched as they
                 are needed (or they may be pre-fetched), enabling the
                 asset to be progressively deployed by overlapping
                 deployment with execution. Cryptographic digests are
                 used to eliminate redundant shards within and among
                 assets, which enables more efficient deployment. A
                 framework is provided for intercepting interfaces above
                 the operating system (e.g., Java class loading),
                 enabling optimizations requiring semantic awareness not
                 present at the OS level. The paper presents the design
                 of PDS, motivates its ``porous isolation model'' with
                 respect to the challenges of software deployment, and
                 presents measurements of PDS's execution
                 characteristics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anderson:2005:OII,
  author =       "Thomas Anderson and Larry Peterson and Scott Shenker
                 and Jonathan Turner",
  title =        "Overcoming the {Internet} Impasse through
                 Virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2005.136",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 4 16:02:15 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2005/04/r4034.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2005/04/r4034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2005:NPV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "New Products: Virtual Iron ({VFe})",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "139",
  pages =        "18--18",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:24:05 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
  keywords =     "Virtual Iron; Xen",
  remark =       "VFe allows up to ten operating systems to run
                 concurrently on a physical processor, a single
                 operating system to span 16 processors or any
                 combination in between, all sharing the same physical
                 resources.",
}

@Article{Armstrong:2005:AVC,
  author =       "W. J. Armstrong and R. L. Arndt and D. C. Boutcher and
                 R. G. Kovacs and D. Larson and K. A. Lucke and N. Nayar
                 and R. C. Swanberg",
  title =        "Advanced virtualization capabilities of {POWER5}
                 systems",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "4/5",
  pages =        "523--532",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 5 07:12:31 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/494/armstrong.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
}

@Article{Arnold:2005:IVM,
  author =       "Matthew Arnold and Adam Welc and V. T. Rajan",
  title =        "Improving virtual machine performance using a
                 cross-run profile repository",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "297--311",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 13 08:30:58 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Barr:2005:JEA,
  author =       "Rimon Barr and Zygmunt J. Haas and Robbert van
                 Renesse",
  title =        "{JiST}: an efficient approach to simulation using
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "539--576",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.647",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 16 07:26:39 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "16 Feb 2005",
}

@Article{Bauer:2005:PPF,
  author =       "Mick Bauer",
  title =        "Paranoid penguin: The future of {Linux} security",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2005",
  number =       "136",
  pages =        "10--10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 24 17:46:10 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
  keywords =     "Hypervisors and Virtual Machines",
}

@Misc{Beebe:2005:VM,
  author =       "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
  title =        "Virtual Machines",
  howpublished = "World-Wide Web document.",
  day =          "1",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2005",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 02 19:05:33 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/beebe-nelson-h-f.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/vm.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Blank:2005:APV,
  editor =       "Annika Blank and others",
  title =        "Advanced {POWER} virtualization on {IBM System p5}",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xxii + 424",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-9404-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-9404-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 A38 2005",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:08:50 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0608/2006273965.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This edition applies to IBM AIX 5L version 5.3, HMC
                 version 5 release 1.0, Virtual IO server version 1.2
                 running on IBM system p5 and IBM eserver p5 systems.",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems",
}

@InProceedings{Calder:2005:EVM,
  author =       "Brad Calder and Andrew A. Chien and Ju Wang and Don
                 Yang",
  title =        "The {Entropia Virtual Machine} for desktop grids",
  crossref =     "ACM:2005:PFA",
  pages =        "186--185",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1064979.1065005",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:31:19 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Desktop distributed computing allows companies to
                 exploit the idle cycles on pervasive desktop PC systems
                 to increase the available computing power by orders of
                 magnitude (10x--1000x). Applications are submitted,
                 distributed, and run on a grid of desktop PCs. Since
                 the applications may be malformed, or malicious, the
                 key challenges for a desktop grid are how to (1)
                 prevent the distributed computing application from
                 unwarranted access or modification of data and files on
                 the desktop PC, (2) control the distributed computing
                 application's resource usage and behavior as it runs on
                 the desktop PC, and (3) provide protection for the
                 distributed application's program and its data. In this
                 paper we describe the Entropia Virtual Machine, and the
                 solutions it embodies for each of these challenges.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Childs:2005:SCG,
  author =       "Stephen Childs and Brian Coghlan and David O'Callaghan
                 and Geoff Quigley and John Walsh",
  title =        "A Single-Computer {Grid} Gateway Using Virtual
                 Machines",
  crossref =     "Shih:2005:ICA",
  pages =        "310--315",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/AINA.2005.65",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:27:50 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Grid middleware is enabling resource sharing between
                 computing centres across the world and sites with
                 existing clusters are eager to connect to the Grid
                 using middleware such as that developed by the LHC
                 Computing Grid (LCG) project. However; the hardware
                 requirements for access to the Grid remain high: a
                 standard LCG Grid gateway requires four separate
                 servers. We propose the use of Virtual Machine (VM)
                 technology to run multiple OS instances, allowing a
                 full Grid gateway to be hosted on a single computer.
                 This would significantly reduce the hardware,
                 installation and management commitments required of a
                 site that wants to connect to the Grid. In this paper,
                 we outline the architecture of a single-computer Grid
                 gateway. We evaluate implementations of this
                 architecture using two popular open-source VMs: Xen and
                 User-Mode Linux (UML). Our results show that Xen
                 outperforms UML for installation tasks and standard
                 gateway operations. Configuration is similar to that of
                 sites running multi-computer gateways, making it easy
                 to keep site installation profiles Synchronised. Our VM
                 gateway architecture provides a low-cost entry path to
                 the Grid and will be of interest to many institutions
                 wishing to connect their existing facilities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Clark:2005:SVT,
  author =       "Tom Clark",
  title =        "Storage virtualization: technologies for simplifying
                 data storage and management",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 234",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-321-26251-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-321-26251-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 C55 2005",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:10:53 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual storage (Computer science); Information
                 storage and retrieval systems; Database management",
}

@Book{Craig:2005:VM,
  author =       "Iain D. Craig",
  title =        "Virtual machines",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 269",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-85233-969-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85233-969-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9 CRA",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 12:01:15 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not in my library.",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Parallel processing",
}

@Article{Davoli:2005:VSV,
  author =       "Renzo Davoli and Michael Goldweber",
  title =        "Virtual square ({$ V^2 $}) in computer science
                 education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "301--305",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1151954.1067528",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "It is common to name as virtual the imaginary space
                 that can be created by software using computers and
                 networks. This space is not only a set of processing
                 and communications means and methods but it is also a
                 space where humans can ``meet,'' exchange ideas, leave
                 messages etc. Students in computer science must learn
                 how to design, implement, manage and debug the systems
                 and networks that create this virtual space.
                 Furthermore, CS students need an experimental
                 environment --a playground-- where they can develop
                 their skills at creating and supporting these virtual
                 environments. For this ``playground'' we propose a
                 virtual world made up of emulated computer systems and
                 emulated networks. This emulated world will be the
                 students' testing environment, where they can run their
                 own services, administer their own machines and set up
                 security attacks without any danger to real networks
                 and systems. It is a virtual space based on virtual
                 machines and virtual networks but it is also a meeting
                 place for computer science students, where they can
                 test the effectiveness of their ideas. This ``space''
                 therefore is a twice virtual space, which we call
                 virtual to the second power or virtual squared (V$^2$
                 ). It is a virtual environment that is a also virtual
                 location (i.e., a town square) where different real
                 computers, virtual systems and people can meet and
                 communicate.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Book{ECMA-335-3,
  author =       "{ECMA}",
  title =        "{ECMA-335}: {Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)}",
  publisher =    pub-ECMA,
  address =      pub-ECMA:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "viii + 104 (Part I), viii + 192 (Part II), iv + 138
                 (Part III), ii + 20 (Part IV), i + 4 (Part V), ii + 60
                 (Part VI)",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2005",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 20 10:08:14 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Standard.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-335-xml.zip;
                 http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-335.pdf;
                 http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ecma-335.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ECMAnumber =   "ECMA-335",
  remark =       "Also ISO/IEC 23271.",
}

@Article{Ertl:2005:AIV,
  author =       "M. Anton Ertl",
  title =        "Advances in interpreters, virtual machines and
                 emulators",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "251--252",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 1 18:38:50 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
}

@Article{Figueiredo:2005:GEI,
  author =       "Renato Figueiredo and Peter A. Dinda and Jos{\'e}
                 Fortes",
  title =        "{Guest Editors}' Introduction: Resource Virtualization
                 Renaissance",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "28--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 4 16:02:16 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/co/2005/05/r5028.pdf;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/co/2005/05/r5028abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Franz:2005:PVM,
  author =       "Michael Franz and Deepak Chandra and Andreas Gal and
                 Vivek Haldar and Christian W. Probst and Ferm{\'\i}n
                 Reig and Ning Wang",
  title =        "A portable virtual machine target for proof-carrying
                 code",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "275--294",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 1 18:38:50 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
}

@MastersThesis{Fredriksen:2005:UUV,
  author =       "Kai Fredriksen",
  title =        "{UMLexe} --- {UML} virtual machine: a framework for
                 model execution",
  type =         "Masteroppgave i informatikk",
  school =       "Universitetet i Oslo",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  pages =        "122",
  year =         "2005",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 11:25:42 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Gibbs:2005:APV,
  editor =       "G. Benton Gibbs and others",
  title =        "Advanced {POWER} virtualization on {IBM eserver p5}
                 servers. Architecture and performance considerations",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xvi + 412",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-9238-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-9238-4 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 A377 2005",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:08:33 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0608/2006275016.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This edition applies to IBM eserver p5 servers that
                 include the POWER5 microprocessor architecture and the
                 IBM AIX 5L version 5.3 operating system.",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Griffith:2005:MME,
  author =       "Rean Griffith and Gail Kaiser",
  title =        "Manipulating managed execution runtimes to support
                 self-healing systems",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1--7",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083066",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:14:51 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Self-healing systems require that repair mechanisms
                 are available to resolve problems that arise while the
                 system executes. Managed execution environments such as
                 the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Java Virtual
                 Machine (JVM) provide a number of application services
                 (application isolation, security sandboxing, garbage
                 collection and structured exception handling) which are
                 geared primarily at making managed applications more
                 robust. However, none of these services directly
                 enables applications to perform repairs or consistency
                 checks of their components. From a design and
                 implementation standpoint, the preferred way to enable
                 repair in a self-healing system is to use an
                 externalized repair/adaptation architecture rather than
                 hardwiring adaptation logic inside the system where it
                 is harder to analyze, reuse and extend. We present a
                 framework that allows a repair engine to dynamically
                 attach and detach to/from a managed application while
                 it executes essentially adding repair mechanisms as
                 another application service provided in the execution
                 environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Hansen:2005:IJP,
  author =       "Stuart A. Hansen",
  editor =       "Wanda Dann and Thomas L. Naps and Paul T. Tymann and
                 Doug Baldwin",
  title =        "Interpreting {Java} Program Runtimes",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--40",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1047124.1047372;
                 https://doi.org/10.1145/1047344.1047372",
  ISBN =         "1-58113-997-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58113-997-6",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:13 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "DBLP;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sigcse/sigcse2005.html#Hansen05;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 Ingenta database",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Compiler/java.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Misc/DBLP/2005.bib",
  abstract =     "Many instructors use program runtimes to illustrate
                 and reinforce algorithm complexity concepts. Hardware,
                 operating systems and compilers all influence the
                 runtimes, but generally not to the extent of making the
                 data difficult to interpret. The Java virtual machine
                 adds an additional layer of software, making it much
                 harder to see the relationship between the runtimes and
                 the underlying algorithm. This paper presents some of
                 the basic issues the author and his students have
                 encountered when analyzing Java program runtimes and
                 briefly discusses strategies to address them.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@InProceedings{Ho:2005:DPD,
  author =       "Alex Ho and Steven Hand",
  title =        "On the design of a pervasive debugger",
  crossref =     "ACM:2005:APS",
  pages =        "117--122",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1085130.1085146",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:23:00 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Increased reuse of software components has led to a
                 software mishmash as existing packages are used as
                 building blocks for new systems. Current debuggers
                 cannot cope with the intricate interactions between
                 components written in different languages and spread
                 over multiple hosts. This paper explores the design of
                 a pervasive debugger for concurrent and distributed
                 applications. By executing the target in a virtualized
                 environment, the debugger can atomically control the
                 entire application, stopping and examining each
                 component in a consistent state. Developers can
                 simultaneously control multiple heterogeneous targets
                 located anywhere in the software hierarchy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{ISO:2005:IIIa,
  author =       "{International Organization for Standardization}",
  title =        "{ISO\slash IEC 23271:2003}: Information technology ---
                 Common Language Infrastructure",
  publisher =    pub-ISO,
  address =      pub-ISO:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 99 (Part. I), ix + 164 (Part. II), vi + 125
                 (Part. III), iii + 16 (Part. IV), iv + 79 (Part. V)",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 13 18:31:49 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  price =        "328 Sfr (print)",
  URL =          "http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c036769_ISO_IEC_23271_2003(E).zip;
                 http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=36769",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{ISO:2005:IIIb,
  author =       "{International Organization for Standardization}",
  title =        "{ISO\slash IEC TR 23272}: Information technology ---
                 Common Language Infrastructure --- Profiles and
                 Libraries",
  publisher =    pub-ISO,
  address =      pub-ISO:adr,
  pages =        "6",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 13 18:31:49 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  price =        "328 Sfr (print)",
  URL =          "http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c036770_ISO_IEC_TR_23272_2003(E).zip;
                 http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=36770",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Jacob:2005:DOE,
  editor =       "Bart Jacob and others",
  title =        "On demand Operating Environment: managing the
                 infrastructure (virtualization engine update)",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xxiv + 364",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-9124-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-9124-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.754 .O5 2005",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:09:26 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "June 2005.",
  subject =      "Computer software; Management; Business; Computer
                 programs; Electronic commerce",
}

@Article{Joshi:2005:DPP,
  author =       "Ashlesha Joshi and Samuel T. King and George W. Dunlap
                 and Peter M. Chen",
  title =        "Detecting past and present intrusions through
                 vulnerability-specific predicates",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "91--104",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1095820",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:58 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Most systems contain software with
                 yet-to-be-discovered security vulnerabilities. When a
                 vulnerability is disclosed, administrators face the
                 grim reality that they have been running software which
                 was open to attack. Sites that value availability may
                 be forced to continue running this vulnerable software
                 until the accompanying patch has been tested. Our goal
                 is to improve security by detecting intrusions that
                 occurred before the vulnerability was disclosed and by
                 detecting and responding to intrusions that are
                 attempted after the vulnerability is disclosed. We
                 detect when a vulnerability is triggered by executing
                 vulnerability-specific predicates as the system runs or
                 replays. This paper describes the design,
                 implementation and evaluation of a system that supports
                 the construction and execution of these
                 vulnerability-specific predicates. Our system, called
                 IntroVirt, uses virtual-machine introspection to
                 monitor the execution of application and operating
                 system software. IntroVirt executes predicates over
                 past execution periods by combining virtual-machine
                 introspection with virtual-machine replay. IntroVirt
                 eases the construction of powerful predicates by
                 allowing predicates to run existing target code in the
                 context of the target system, and it uses checkpoints
                 so that predicates can execute target code without
                 perturbing the state of the target system. IntroVirt
                 allows predicates to refresh themselves automatically
                 so they work in the presence of preemptions. We show
                 that vulnerability-specific predicates can be written
                 easily for a wide variety of real vulnerabilities, can
                 detect and respond to intrusions over both the past and
                 present time intervals, and add little overhead for
                 most vulnerabilities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@InProceedings{Kaneda:2005:VMM,
  author =       "Kenji Kaneda and Yoshihiro Oyama and Akinori
                 Yonezawa",
  title =        "A virtual machine monitor for utilizing non-dedicated
                 clusters",
  crossref =     "Vrable:2005:SPA",
  pages =        "1--11",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1118618",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 16:49:46 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We have designed and implemented a virtual machine
                 monitor (VMM) for utilizing non-dedicated clusters. The
                 VMM virtualizes a shared-memory multi-processor machine
                 on a commodity cluster. In addition, it hides dynamic
                 changes of physical hardware configurations. The
                 experimental result demonstrates the feasibility of our
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{LeVasseur:2005:PVU,
  author =       "Joshua LeVasseur and Volkmar Uhlig and Ben Leslie and
                 Matthew Chapman and Gernot Heiser",
  title =        "Pre-virtualization: uniting two worlds",
  crossref =     "Vrable:2005:SPA",
  pages =        "1--2",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1118604",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:47:51 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines are used in an increasingly varied
                 set of application scenarios that favor different
                 trade-offs. The virtual machine (VM) is an attractive
                 solution, since it enables the use of the same
                 operating systems across the scenarios, while
                 permitting substitution of different hypervisors
                 appropriate for the trade-offs. One of these scenarios
                 is server consolidation, where a number of machines are
                 replaced by VMs running on a single physical machine,
                 increasing resource utilization. Another attractive
                 scenario is the use of a VM to add features to an OS
                 that contradict the design of the OS, such as enabling
                 secure computing platforms with strictly controlled
                 information flow. These two scenarios have dramatically
                 different performance versus security trade offs,
                 easily addressed by using different hypervisors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Liang:2005:DLM,
  author =       "Jiangang Liang",
  title =        "Development of logical models for {CNC} machine tool
                 motion control system with application to virtual
                 machine tool design",
  type =         "Dissertations ({Ph.D.})",
  school =       "University of California, Davis",
  address =      "Davis, CA, USA",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2005",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 11:29:09 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  URL =          "http://uclibs.org/PID/11984",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lin:2005:VMB,
  author =       "Bin Lin and Peter A. Dinda",
  title =        "{VSched}: Mixing Batch And Interactive Virtual
                 Machines Using Periodic Real-time Scheduling",
  crossref =     "ACM:2005:PAI",
  pages =        "8--??",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.80",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:09:27 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We are developing Virtuoso, a system for distributed
                 computing using virtual machines (VMs). Virtuoso must
                 be able to mix batch und interactive VMs on the same
                 physical hardware, while satisfying constraint on
                 responsiveness and compute rates for each workload.
                 VSched is the component of Virtuoso that provides this
                 capability. VSched is an entirely user-level tool that
                 interacts with the stock Linux kernel running below any
                 type-11 virtual machine monitor to schedule VMs
                 (indeed, any process) using a periodic real-time
                 scheduling model. This abstraction allows compute rate
                 and responsiveness constraints to be straightforwardly
                 described using a period und a slice within the period,
                 and it allows for just and simple admission control.
                 This paper makes the case for periodic real-time
                 scheduling for VM-based computing environments, and
                 then describes and evaluates VSched. It also applies
                 VSched to scheduling parallel workloads, showing that
                 it can help a BSP application maintain a fixed stable
                 performance despite externally caused loud imbalance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lucchetti:2005:EDR,
  author =       "Dominic Lucchetti and Steven K. Reinhardt and Peter M.
                 Chen",
  title =        "{ExtraVirt}: detecting and recovering from transient
                 processor faults",
  crossref =     "Vrable:2005:SPA",
  pages =        "1--8",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1118621",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:20:04 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Reliability is becoming an increasingly important
                 issue in modern processor design. Smaller feature sizes
                 and more numerous transistors are projected to increase
                 the frequency of transient faults [4, 5]. Our project,
                 ExtraVirt, leverages the trend toward multi-core and
                 multi-processor systems to survive these transient
                 faults. Our goals are (1) to add fault tolerance
                 without modifying existing operating systems,
                 applications or hardware, (2) to minimize the time
                 spent executing software that cannot tolerate faults,
                 and (3) to minimize the time and space overhead needed
                 to detect and recover from faults. We accomplish these
                 goals by leveraging virtual-machine technology and by
                 sharing memory and I/O devices across replicas.
                 ExtraVirt extends prior work on VM-level fault
                 tolerance[2] by detecting and recovering from
                 non-fail-stop faults and by running multiple replicas
                 efficiently on a single machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Matthys:2005:IVE,
  author =       "Christian Matthys and Hiroshi Ito and Bill Souhrada
                 and Lynn Winkelbauer and Holger M. Wittmann and
                 others",
  title =        "{IBM} virtualization engine, version 1: planning and
                 installation guide",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 398",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-9277-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-9277-3",
  LCCN =         "MLCM 2006/42092 (Q)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:08:41 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{McKusick:2005:DIF,
  author =       "Marshall Kirk McKusick and George V. Neville-Neil",
  title =        "The Design and Implementation of the {FreeBSD}
                 Operating System",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xxviii + 683",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-201-70245-2 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-70245-3 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 M398745 2005",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 09 07:45:56 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.mckusick.com/FreeBSDbook.html",
  abstract =     "As in earlier Addison-Wesley books on the UNIX-based
                 BSD operating system, Kirk McKusick and George
                 Neville-Neil deliver here the most comprehensive,
                 up-to-date, and authoritative technical information on
                 the internal structure of open source FreeBSD. Readers
                 involved in technical and sales support can learn the
                 capabilities and limitations of the system;
                 applications developers can learn effectively and
                 efficiently how to interface to the system; system
                 administrators can learn how to maintain, tune, and
                 configure the system; and systems programmers can learn
                 how to extend, enhance, and interface to the system.
                 The authors provide a concise overview of FreeBSD's
                 design and implementation. Then, while explaining key
                 design decisions, they detail the concepts, data
                 structures, and algorithms used in implementing the
                 systems facilities. As a result, readers can use this
                 book as both a practical reference and an in-depth
                 study of a contemporary, portable, open source
                 operating system. This book: Details the many
                 performance improvements in the virtual memory system
                 Describes the new symmetric multiprocessor support
                 Includes new sections on threads and their scheduling
                 Introduces the new jail facility to ease the hosting of
                 multiple domains Updates information on networking and
                 interprocess communication Already widely used for
                 Internet services and firewalls, high-availability
                 servers, and general timesharing systems, the lean
                 quality of FreeBSD also suits the growing area of
                 embedded systems. Unlike Linux, FreeBSD does not
                 require users to publicize any changes they make to the
                 source code.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "FreeBSD; Free computer software; Operating systems
                 (Computers)",
  tableofcontents = "1: History and goals \\
                 2: Design overview of FreeBSD \\
                 3: Kernel services \\
                 4: Process management \\
                 5: Memory management \\
                 6: I/O system overview \\
                 7: Devices \\
                 8: Local filesystems \\
                 9: network filesystem \\
                 10: Terminal handling \\
                 11: Interprocess communication \\
                 12: Network communication \\
                 13: Network protocols \\
                 14: Startup and shutdown",
}

@InProceedings{Menon:2005:DPO,
  author =       "Aravind Menon and Jose Renato Santos and Yoshio Turner
                 and G. (John) Janakiraman and Willy Zwaenepoel",
  title =        "Diagnosing performance overheads in the {Xen} virtual
                 machine environment",
  crossref =     "ACM:2005:PFA",
  pages =        "13--23",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1064979.1064984",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:39:15 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual Machine (VM) environments (e.g., VMware and
                 Xen) are experiencing a resurgence of interest for
                 diverse uses including server consolidation and shared
                 hosting. An application's performance in a virtual
                 machine environment can differ markedly from its
                 performance in a non-virtualized environment because of
                 interactions with the underlying virtual machine
                 monitor and other virtual machines. However, few tools
                 are currently available to help debug performance
                 problems in virtual machine environments.In this paper,
                 we present Xenoprof, a system-wide statistical
                 profiling toolkit implemented for the Xen virtual
                 machine environment. The toolkit enables coordinated
                 profiling of multiple VMs in a system to obtain the
                 distribution of hardware events such as clock cycles
                 and cache and TLB misses. The toolkit will facilitate a
                 better understanding of performance characteristics of
                 Xen's mechanisms allowing the community to optimize the
                 Xen implementation.We use our toolkit to analyze
                 performance overheads incurred by networking
                 applications running in Xen VMs. We focus on networking
                 applications since virtualizing network I/O devices is
                 relatively expensive. Our experimental results quantify
                 Xen's performance overheads for network I/O device
                 virtualization in uni- and multi-processor systems.
                 With certain Xen configurations, networking workloads
                 in the Xen environment can suffer significant
                 performance degradation. Our results identify the main
                 sources of this overhead which should be the focus of
                 Xen optimization efforts. We also show how our
                 profiling toolkit was used to uncover and resolve
                 performance bugs that we encountered in our experiments
                 which caused unexpected application behavior.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Muller:2005:VVE,
  editor =       "Al Muller and Seburn Wilson and Don Happe and Gary J.
                 Humphrey",
  title =        "Virtualization with {VMware ESX Server}",
  publisher =    pub-SYNGRESS,
  address =      pub-SYNGRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xxiii + 463",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-59749-019-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59749-019-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 V465 2005; QA76.9.V5 V57 2005eb",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:38 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  URL =          "http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ucsc/Doc?id=10110269",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Munawar:2005:BPB,
  author =       "Mohammad A. Munawar and Paul A. S. Ward",
  title =        "Better performance or better manageability?",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1--4",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083072",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:14:51 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Competition among software providers creates enormous
                 pressure on design and development teams to improve
                 application performance. However, increased performance
                 leads to systems whose behaviour is harder to predict.
                 This in turn makes software harder to manage, or
                 self-manage in the case of autonomic software. In this
                 paper we elaborate on this problem, first in generic
                 terms, and then taking memory-usage monitoring in a
                 Java Virtual Machine as a specific example. We motivate
                 the need for more research in developing monitoring
                 techniques that can cope with the complexity of modern
                 software systems. We finally present our own efforts in
                 this direction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Nieh:2005:ETO,
  author =       "Jason Nieh and Chris Vaill",
  title =        "Experiences teaching operating systems using virtual
                 platforms and {Linux}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "520--524",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1047124.1047508",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:13 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Operating system courses teach students much more when
                 they provide hands-on kernel-level project experience
                 with a real operating system. However, enabling a large
                 class of students to do kernel development can be
                 difficult. To address this problem, we created a
                 virtual kernel development environment in which
                 operating systems can be developed, debugged, and
                 rebooted in a shared computer facility without
                 affecting other users. Using virtual machines and
                 remote display technology, our virtual kernel
                 development laboratory enables even distance learning
                 students at remote locations to participate in kernel
                 development projects with on-campus students. We have
                 successfully deployed and used our virtual kernel
                 development environment together with the open-source
                 Linux kernel to provide kernel-level project
                 experiences for over nine hundred students in the
                 introductory operating system course at Columbia
                 University.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Book{Oglesby:2005:VES,
  author =       "Ron Oglesby and Scott Herold",
  title =        "{VMware ESX Server}: Advanced Technical Design Guide",
  publisher =    "Brian Madden Publishing",
  address =      "Silver Spring, MD, USA",
  pages =        "444",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-9711510-6-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-9711510-6-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 O35 2005eb; **See",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 9 15:35:45 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01",
  URL =          "http://library.books24x7.com/library.asp?B&bookid=12048",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "WMware; Virtual computer systems; Web servers",
}

@Article{Oi:2005:DLV,
  author =       "Hitoshi Oi",
  title =        "On the design of the local variable cache in a
                 hardware translation-based {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "87--94",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 5 07:55:13 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Parson:2005:OOD,
  author =       "Dale Parson and David J. Murray and Yu Chen",
  title =        "Object-oriented design patterns for debugging
                 heterogeneous languages and virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "255--279",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.634",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 16 07:26:37 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "3 Dec 2004",
}

@Article{Rosenblum:2005:VMM,
  author =       "Mendel Rosenblum and Tal Garfinkel",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Monitors: Current Technology and
                 Future Trends",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "39--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 4 16:02:16 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/co/2005/05/r5039abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2005/05/r5039.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@InProceedings{Sailer:2005:BMB,
  author =       "Reiner Sailer and Trent Jaeger and Enriquillo Valdez
                 and Ramon Caceres and Ronald Perez and Stefan Berger
                 and John Linwood Griffin and Leendert van Doorn",
  title =        "Building a {MAC}-Based Security Architecture for the
                 {Xen} Open-Source Hypervisor",
  crossref =     "IEEE:2005:PAC",
  pages =        "276--285",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/CSAC.2005.13",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:12:24 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We present the sHype hypervisor security architecture
                 and examine in detail its mandatory access control
                 facilities. While existing hypervisor security
                 approaches aiming at high assurance have been proven
                 useful for high-security environments that prioritize
                 security over performance and code reuse, our approach
                 aims at commercial security where near-zero performance
                 overhead, non-intrusive implementation, and usability
                 are of paramount importance. sHype enforces strong
                 isolation at the granularity of a virtual machine, thus
                 providing a robust foundation on which higher software
                 layers can enact finer-grained controls. We provide the
                 rationale behind the sHype design and describe and
                 evaluate our implementation for the Xen open-source
                 hypervisor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smith:2005:AVM,
  author =       "James E. Smith and Ravi Nair",
  title =        "The Architecture of Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "32--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 4 16:02:16 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/co/2005/05/r5032abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2005/05/r5032.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Book{Smith:2005:VMV,
  author =       "James E. (James Edward) Smith and Ravi Nair",
  title =        "Virtual Machines: Versatile Platforms for Systems and
                 Processes",
  publisher =    pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN,
  address =      pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN:adrsf,
  pages =        "xxii + 638",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-55860-910-5 (hardcover), 0-08-052540-7 (e-book),
                 1-4933-0376-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-55860-910-5 (hardcover), 978-0-08-052540-2
                 (e-book), 978-1-4933-0376-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 S54 2005",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 21 08:04:00 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://books.elsevier.com/us/bookscat/search/details.asp?country=United+States&community=mk&imprint=Morgan+Kaufmann&isbn=1558609105",
  abstract =     "Virtual Machine technology applies the concept of
                 virtualization to an entire machine, circumventing real
                 machine compatibility constraints and hardware resource
                 constraints to enable a higher degree of software
                 portability and flexibility. Virtual machines are
                 rapidly becoming an essential element in computer
                 system design. They provide system security,
                 flexibility, cross-platform compatibility, reliability,
                 and resource efficiency. Designed to solve problems in
                 combining and using major computer system components,
                 virtual machine technologies play a key role in many
                 disciplines, including operating systems, programming
                 languages, and computer architecture. For example, at
                 the process level, virtualizing technologies support
                 dynamic program translation and platform-independent
                 network computing. At the system level, they support
                 multiple operating system environments on the same
                 hardware platform and in servers. Historically,
                 individual virtual machine techniques have been
                 developed within the specific disciplines that employ
                 them (in some cases they aren't even referred to as
                 virtual machines), making it difficult to see their
                 common underlying relationships in a cohesive way. In
                 this text, Smith and Nair take a new approach by
                 examining virtual machines as a unified discipline.
                 Pulling together cross-cutting technologies allows
                 virtual machine implementations to be studied and
                 engineered in a well-structured manner. Topics include
                 instruction set emulation, dynamic program translation
                 and optimization, high level virtual machines
                 (including Java and CLI), and system virtual machines
                 for both single-user systems and servers. Examines
                 virtual machine technologies across the disciplines
                 that use them. Operating systems, programming languages
                 and computer architecture. Defining a new and unified
                 discipline. Reviewed by principle researchers at
                 Microsoft, HP, and by other industry research groups.
                 Written by two authors who combine several decades of
                 expertise in computer system research and development,
                 both in academia and industry.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Computer architecture;
                 System design",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction to virtual machines \\
                 Emulation: interpretation and binary translation \\
                 Process virtual machines \\
                 Dynamic binary optimization \\
                 High-level language virtual machine architecture \\
                 High-level language virtual machine implementation \\
                 Codesigned virtual machines \\
                 System virtual machines \\
                 Multiprocessor virtualization \\
                 Emerging applications",
}

@TechReport{Steil:2005:MMM,
  author =       "Michael Steil",
  title =        "17 Mistakes {Microsoft} Made in the {Xbox} Security
                 System",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "Xbox Linux Project",
  pages =        "13",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2005",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 31 08:12:04 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://events.ccc.de/congress/2005/fahrplan/attachments/591-paper_xbox.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Microsoft; Northbridge; RC4; RC5; Southbridge; TEA;
                 virtual machine; Xbox gaming console; Xbox Linux
                 Project",
}

@Article{Strongin:2005:TCU,
  author =       "Geoffrey Strongin",
  title =        "Trusted computing using {AMD} {``Pacifica''} and
                 {``Presidio''} secure virtual machine technology",
  journal =      j-INFO-SEC-TECH-REP,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "120--132",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "ISTRFR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istr.2005.05.006",
  ISSN =         "1363-4127 (print), 1873-605X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1363-4127",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 8 07:58:34 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infosectechrep.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1363412705000257",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Info. Sec. Tech. Rep.",
  fjournal =     "Information Security Technical Report",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/information-security-technical-report",
}

@Article{Treese:2005:VVE,
  author =       "Win Treese",
  title =        "Virtualization virtually everywhere",
  journal =      "{netWorker}",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13--15",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1065368.1065378",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 16:58:00 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "I'm writing this column in April. Like many people,
                 I'm using Intuit's TurboTax to prepare my income-tax
                 forms. But I'm using TurboTax in a somewhat unusual
                 way: running it on a virtual machine. TurboTax normally
                 runs on Microsoft Windows, but the computer I want to
                 use runs Linux. To make this all work, I'm using a
                 program called VMware that provides the illusion of an
                 entire separate computer on which Windows can run. From
                 the point of view of the Linux system, VMware is just
                 another application with just another window on the
                 screen. The Windows software sees a full computer, and
                 it can't really tell the difference between the virtual
                 environment and the real one.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Uhlig:2005:IVT,
  author =       "Rich Uhlig and Gil Neiger and Dion Rodgers and Amy L.
                 Santoni and Fernando C. M. Martins and Andrew V.
                 Anderson and Steven M. Bennett and Alain K{\"a}gi and
                 Felix H. Leung and Larry Smith",
  title =        "{Intel} Virtualization Technology",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "48--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 4 16:02:16 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/co/2005/05/r5048abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2005/05/r5048.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Book{Warren:2005:VWH,
  author =       "Steven S. Warren",
  title =        "The {VMWare Workstation 5} Handbook",
  publisher =    "Charles River Media",
  address =      "Hingham, MA, USA",
  pages =        "xvii + 334",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-58450-393-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58450-393-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 W3665 2005",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 09 15:40:54 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0510/2005010053.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; operating systems (computers); virtual
                 computer systems",
}

@Article{Whitaker:2005:RDV,
  author =       "Andrew Whitaker and Richard S. Cox and Marianne Shaw
                 and Steven D. Gribble",
  title =        "Rethinking the Design of Virtual Machine Monitors",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "57--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 4 16:02:16 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/co/2005/05/r5057abs.htm;
                 http://csdl.computer.org/dl/mags/co/2005/05/r5057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Book{Wolf:2005:VDE,
  author =       "Chris Wolf and Erick M. Halter",
  title =        "Virtualization: from the desktop to the enterprise",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xxxiv + 559",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-59059-495-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59059-495-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 W614 2005",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:39 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "The expert's voice in networking",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0663/2006296449-d.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Learn to deploy and manage virtual machines, clusters,
                 distributed file systems, and virtual storage in the
                 first book to cover the entire realm of virtualization.
                 Includes Windows and Linux VMware workstation
                 evaluation software.",
  subject =      "Operating systems (Computers); VMware; Computer
                 networks",
}

@Article{Yang:2005:LMJ,
  author =       "Byung-Sun Yang and Soo-Mook Moon and Kemal
                 Ebcio{\u{g}}lu",
  title =        "Lightweight monitors for the {Java} virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "281--299",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.635",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 16 07:26:37 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "3 Dec 2004",
}

@InProceedings{Zhang:2005:FVM,
  author =       "Yuting Zhang and Azer Bestavros and Mina Guirguis and
                 Ibrahim Matta and Richard West",
  title =        "Friendly virtual machines: leveraging a
                 feedback-control model for application adaptation",
  crossref =     "ACM:2005:PFA",
  pages =        "2--12",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1064979.1064983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:53:52 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With the increased use of ``Virtual Machines'' (VMs)
                 as vehicles that isolate applications running on the
                 same host, it is necessary to devise techniques that
                 enable multiple VMs to share underlying resources both
                 fairly and efficiently. To that end, one common
                 approach is to deploy complex resource management
                 techniques in the hosting infrastructure. Alternately,
                 in this paper, we advocate the use of self-adaptation
                 in the VMs themselves based on feedback about resource
                 usage and availability. Consequently, we define
                 ``Friendly'' VM (FVM) to be a virtual machine that
                 adjusts its demand for system resources, so that they
                 are both efficiently and fairly allocated to competing
                 FVMs. Such properties are ensured using one of many
                 provably convergent control rules, such as
                 Additive-Increase/Multiplicative-Decrease (AIMD). By
                 adopting this distributed application-based approach to
                 resource management, it is not necessary to make
                 assumptions about the underlying resources nor about
                 the requirements of FVMs competing for these resources.
                 To demonstrate the elegance and simplicity of our
                 approach, we present a prototype implementation of our
                 FVM framework in User-Mode Linux (UML)---an
                 implementation that consists of less than 500 lines of
                 code changes to UML. We present an analytic,
                 control-theoretic model of FVM adaptation, which
                 establishes convergence and fairness properties. These
                 properties are also backed up with experimental results
                 using our prototype FVM implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Zhang:2005:ILS,
  author =       "Jianyong Zhang and Anand Sivasubramaniam and Alma
                 Riska and Qian Wang and Erik Riedel",
  title =        "An interposed 2-Level {I/O} scheduling framework for
                 performance virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "406--407",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1064212.1064277",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 27 09:21:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
  keywords =     "fairness; I/O scheduling; performance isolation;
                 quality of service; storage systems; virtualization",
}

@InProceedings{Zhao:2005:SSV,
  author =       "Xin Zhao and Kevin Borders and Atul Prakash",
  title =        "{SVGrid}: a secure virtual environment for untrusted
                 grid applications",
  crossref =     "ACM:2005:MPI",
  pages =        "1--6",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1101499.1101515",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:51:00 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Most grid security researches focus on user
                 authentication and secure communication, the protection
                 of grid computers is left to the underlying operating
                 system. Unfortunately, most OS level protection
                 mechanisms can be turned off after an attacker manages
                 to exploit a vulnerability to gain privileged
                 access.This paper proposes SVGrid, a Secure Virtual
                 Grid computing environment, to protect grid computers'
                 filesystem and network from malicious grid
                 applications. SVGrid works by isolating grid
                 applications in one or more grid virtual machines whose
                 filesystem and network service are moved into a
                 dedicated monitor virtual machine. All file and network
                 access requests are then forced to go through the
                 monitor virtual machine, where security policies can be
                 enforced. The resource compartment guarantees that
                 appropriate security policy enforcement cannot be
                 bypassed or disabled, even if a grid virtual machine is
                 compromised. We tested SVGrid against attacks on grid
                 virtual machine using rootkit and Internet worm, SVGrid
                 was able to prevent both of them from maliciously
                 accessing filesystem and network. We also evaluated the
                 performance of SVGrid system and only found that
                 performance cost was reasonable considering the
                 security benefits of SVGrid.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Zimmer:2005:VMV,
  author =       "Dennis Zimmer",
  title =        "{VMware and Microsoft Virtual Server: virtuelle Server
                 im professionellen Einsatz; [VMware GSX, ESX und
                 Microsoft Virtual Server; Virtualisierungssoftware im
                 Vergleich; Planung, Installation und Verwaltung]}",
  publisher =    "Galileo Press",
  address =      "Bonn, Germany",
  pages =        "612",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "3-89842-701-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-89842-701-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:53 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  price =        "EUR 49.90",
  series =       "Galileo Computing",
  URL =          "http://www.galileocomputing.de",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Microsoft Virtual Server; VMware GSX Server; VMware
                 ESX Server; Virtuelle Maschine; Unternehmen;
                 Virtualisierung; Softwareprodukt",
}

@Article{Abramson:2006:IVT,
  author =       "Darren Abramson and Jeff Jackson and Sridhar
                 Muthrasanallur and Gil Neiger and Greg Regnier and
                 Rajesh Sankaran and Ioannis Schoinas and Rich Uhlig and
                 Balaji Vembu and John Weigert",
  title =        "{Intel Virtualization Technology} for Directed {I/O}",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "179--192",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/v10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/2-io/1-abstract.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Adams:2006:CSH,
  author =       "Keith Adams and Ole Agesen",
  title =        "A comparison of software and hardware techniques for
                 {x86} virtualization",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "2--13",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 27 06:18:30 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2006:TR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Technical Reviewers",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "vii--vii",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/volume10issue02/vol10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Asrigo:2006:UVB,
  author =       "Kurniadi Asrigo and Lionel Litty and David Lie",
  title =        "Using {VMM}-based sensors to monitor honeypots",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:VPS",
  pages =        "13--23",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1134760.1134765",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:49:31 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs) are a common tool for
                 implementing honeypots. In this paper we examine the
                 implementation of a VMM-based intrusion detection and
                 monitoring system for collecting information about
                 attacks on honeypots. We document and evaluate three
                 designs we have implemented on two open-source
                 virtualization platforms: User-Mode Linux and Xen. Our
                 results show that our designs give the monitor good
                 visibility into the system and thus, a small number of
                 monitoring sensors can detect a large number of
                 intrusions. In a three month period, we were able to
                 detect five different attacks, as well as collect and
                 try 46 more exploits on our honeypots. All attacks were
                 detected with only two monitoring sensors. We found
                 that the performance overhead for monitoring such
                 intrusions is independent of which events are being
                 monitored, but depends entirely on the number of
                 monitoring events and the underlying monitoring
                 implementation. The performance overhead can be
                 significantly improved by implementing the monitor
                 directly in the privileged code of the VMM, though at
                 the cost of increasing the size of the trusted
                 computing base of the system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bartholomew:2006:QMM,
  author =       "Daniel Bartholomew",
  title =        "{QEMU}: a multihost, multitarget emulator",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2006",
  number =       "145",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 23 06:09:27 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Book{Bastiaansen:2006:RGU,
  author =       "Rob Bastiaansen",
  title =        "{Rob}'s Guide to Using {VMWARE}",
  publisher =    "Books4Brains",
  address =      "????",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "350 (est.)",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "90-808934-1-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-808934-1-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:57:33 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.comcol.nl/detail/55734.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bauer:2006:PPSa,
  author =       "Mick Bauer",
  title =        "Paranoid penguin: security features in {SUSE 10.0}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2006",
  number =       "144",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 14 08:17:48 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
  keywords =     "virtual Machines in SUSE Linux",
}

@Article{Bauer:2006:PPSb,
  author =       "Mick Bauer",
  title =        "Paranoid penguin: security features in {Debian 3.1}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2006",
  number =       "145",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 23 06:09:27 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
  keywords =     "virtual machines in Debian",
}

@Article{Bauer:2006:VWL,
  author =       "Mick Bauer",
  title =        "{VMware Workstation 5.5} for {Linux} hosts",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2006",
  number =       "145",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 23 06:09:27 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Bellovin:2006:IRV,
  author =       "Steven M. Bellovin",
  title =        "Inside risks: Virtual machines, virtual security?",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "104--104",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1164394.1164414",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 06:28:21 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Bockisch:2006:AVMa,
  author =       "Christoph Bockisch and Matthew Arnold and Tom
                 Dinkelaker and Mira Mezini",
  title =        "Adapting virtual machine techniques for seamless
                 aspect support",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "109--124",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1167473.1167483",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 10:47:35 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Current approaches to compiling aspect-oriented
                 programs are inefficient. This inefficiency has
                 negative effects on the productivity of the development
                 process and is especially prohibitive for dynamic
                 aspect deployment. In this work, we present how
                 well-known virtual machine techniques can be used with
                 only slight modifications to support fast aspect
                 deployment while retaining runtime performance. Our
                 implementation accelerates dynamic aspect deployment by
                 several orders of magnitude relative to mainstream
                 aspect-oriented environments. We also provide a
                 detailed comparison of alternative implementations of
                 execution environments with support for dynamic aspect
                 deployment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "aspect weaving; aspect-oriented programming; dynamic
                 deployment; envelope-based weaving; virtual machine
                 support",
}

@Article{Bockisch:2006:ECF,
  author =       "Christoph Bockisch and Sebastian Kanthak and Michael
                 Haupt and Matthew Arnold and Mira Mezini",
  title =        "Efficient control flow quantification",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "125--138",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 06:22:42 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "virtual machine",
}

@InProceedings{Bullers:2006:VMI,
  author =       "William I. {Bullers, Jr.} and Stephen Burd and
                 Alessandro F. Seazzu",
  title =        "Virtual machines --- an idea whose time has returned:
                 application to network, security, and database
                 courses",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:PST",
  pages =        "102--106",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1121341.1121375",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:13:55 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines provide a secure environment within
                 which students may install, configure, and experiment
                 with operating system, network, and database software.
                 This paper describes experiences teaching three
                 advanced courses in system and network administration,
                 information security and assurance, and database
                 administration using VMware workstation in a shared
                 student laboratory. The paper describes benefits and
                 challenges in course and lab configuration, security,
                 and administration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Carbone:2006:WSH,
  author =       "Janique Carbone",
  title =        "{Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V} resource kit",
  publisher =    pub-MICROSOFT,
  address =      pub-MICROSOFT:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-7356-2517-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7356-2517-4",
  LCCN =         "QA",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Casazza:2006:RSP,
  author =       "Jeffrey P. Casazza and Michael Greenfield and Kan
                 Shi",
  title =        "Redefining Server Performance Characterization for
                 Virtualization Benchmarking",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "243--251",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/v10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/7-benchmarking/1-abstract.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Chen:2006:LUO,
  author =       "Haibo Chen and Rong Chen and Fengzhe Zhang and Binyu
                 Zang and Pen-Chung Yew",
  title =        "Live updating operating systems using virtualization",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:VPS",
  pages =        "35--44",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1134760.1134767",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:43:14 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Many critical IT infrastructures require
                 non-disruptive operations. However, the operating
                 systems thereon are far from perfect that patches and
                 upgrades are frequently applied, in order to close
                 vulnerabilities, add new features and enhance
                 performance. To mitigate the loss of availability, such
                 operating systems need to provide features such as live
                 update through which patches and upgrades can be
                 applied without having to stop and reboot the operating
                 system. Unfortunately, most current live updating
                 approaches cannot be easily applied to existing
                 operating systems: some are tightly bound to specific
                 design approaches (e.g. object-oriented); others can
                 only be used under particular circumstances (e.g.
                 quiescence states).In this paper, we propose using
                 virtualization to provide the live update capability.
                 The proposed approach allows a broad range of patches
                 and upgrades to be applied at any time without the
                 requirement of a quiescence state. Moreover, such
                 approach shares good portability for its
                 OS-transparency and is suitable for inclusion in
                 general virtualization systems. We present a working
                 prototype, LUCOS, which supports live update capability
                 on Linux running on Xen virtual machine monitor. To
                 demonstrate the applicability of our approach, we use
                 real-life kernel patches from Linux kernel 2.6.10 to
                 Linux kernel 2.6.11, and apply some of those kernel
                 patches on the fly. Performance measurements show that
                 our implementation incurs negligible performance
                 overhead: a less than 1\% performance degradation
                 compared to a Xen-Linux. The time to apply a patch is
                 also very minimal.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:DQE,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Debian unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in das
                 Betriebssystem Debian Linux in der virtuellen Umgebung
                 Qemu unter Windows}. ({German}) [Debian under {Qemu}:
                 Introduction in the {Debian Linux} operating systems in
                 the {Qemu} virtual machine under {Windows}]",
  volume =       "17",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "159",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-116-3 (book), 3-86768-716-1 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-116-2 (book), 978-3-86768-716-4 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Debian GNU/LINUX 3.1; Windows XP; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:IDQ,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Internetkommunikation in Debian unter Qemu
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem Debian Linux in
                 Qemu und Vorstellung der wichtigsten
                 Internetprogramme}. ({German}) [{Internet}
                 Communication in {Debian} under {Qemu}: Introduction in
                 the {Debian Linux} operating system in {Qemu} and
                 creation of the most important Internet programs]",
  volume =       "18",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "109",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-117-1 (book), 3-86768-717-X (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-117-9 (book), 978-3-86768-717-1 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Internet; Computerunterst{\"u}tzte Kommunikation;
                 Debian GNU/LINUX 3.1; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:IKQa,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Internetkommunikation in Kubuntu unter Qemu
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem Kubuntu und
                 Vorstellung von Internetprogrammen in der virtuellen
                 Umgebung Qemu}. ({German}) [{Internet} Communication in
                 {Kubuntu} under {Qemu}: Introduction to the {Kubuntu}
                 operating system and creation of {Internet} programs in
                 the {Qemu} virtual machine]",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "107",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-105-8 (Buch), 3-86768-705-6 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-105-6 (Buch), 978-3-86768-705-8 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Internet; Computerunterst{\"u}tzte Kommunikation;
                 Kubuntu (Program); Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:IKQb,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Internetkommunikation in Kanotix unter Qemu
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem Kanotix und
                 Vorstellung von Internetprogrammen in der virtuellen
                 Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "34",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "114",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-133-3 (book), 3-86768-733-1 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-133-9 (book), 978-3-86768-733-1 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Internet; Computerunterst{\"u}tzte Kommunikation;
                 Kanotix; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:IKQc,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Internetkommunikation in Knoppix unter Qemu
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem Knoppix und
                 Vorstellung von Internetprogrammen in der virtuellen
                 Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "50",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "121",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-149-X (book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-149-0 (book)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Internet; Computerunterst{\"u}tzte Kommunikation;
                 Knoppix; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:IOQ,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Internetkommunikation mit OpenSUSE unter Qemu:
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem OpenSUSE Linux und
                 Vorstellung von Internetprogrammen in der virtuellen
                 Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "66",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "104",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-165-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-165-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:IOV,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Internetkommunikation in OpenSUSE unter VMware [Qemu]
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem OpenSUSE Linux und
                 Vorstellung von Internetprogrammen in der virtuellen
                 Umgebung VMware}",
  volume =       "66",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "117",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-165-1 (book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-165-0 (book)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Internet; Computerunterst{\"u}tzte Kommunikation; SuSE
                 LINUX 10.2 OSS; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:KLQa,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Knoppix Linux unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in das
                 Betriebssystem Knoppix Linux in der virtuellen Umgebung
                 Qemu unter Windows}",
  volume =       "49",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "142",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-148-1 (book), 3-86768-748-X (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-148-3 (book), 978-3-86768-748-5 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Knoppix; Windows XP; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:KLQb,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Kanotix Linux unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in das
                 Betriebssystem Kanotix Linux in der virtuellen Umgebung
                 Qemu unter Windows}",
  volume =       "33",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "156",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-132-5 (book), 3-86768-732-3 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-132-2 (book), 978-3-86768-732-4 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Kanotix; Windows XP; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:KQE,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Kubuntu unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in das
                 Betriebssystem Kubuntu Linux in der virtuellen Umgebung
                 Qemu}",
  volume =       "5",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "158",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-104-X (book), 3-86768-704-8 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-104-9 (book), 978-3-86768-704-1 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Kubuntu <Programm>; Windows XP; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:LDQ,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Lernprogramme in Debian unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in
                 das Betriebssystem Debian und Vorstellung von
                 Lernprogrammen in der virtuellen Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "19",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "141",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-118-X (book), 3-86768-718-8 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-118-6 (book), 978-3-86768-718-8 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Lernprogramm; Debian GNU/LINUX 3.1; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:LKQa,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Lernprogramme in Knoppix unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in
                 das Betriebssystem Knoppix und Vorstellung von
                 Lernprogrammen in der virtuellen Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "51",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "145",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-150-3 (book), 3-86768-750-1 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-150-6 (book), 978-3-86768-750-8 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Lernprogramm; Knoppix; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:LKQb,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Lernprogramme in Kanotix unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in
                 das Betriebssystem Kanotix und Vorstellung von
                 Lernprogrammen in der virtuellen Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "35",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "151",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-134-1 (book), 3-86768-734-X (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-134-6 (book), 978-3-86768-734-8 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Lernprogramm; Kanotix; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:LKQc,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Lernprogramme in Kubuntu unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in
                 das Betriebssystem Kubuntu und Vorstellung von
                 Lernprogrammen in der virtuellen Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "7",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "152",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-106-6 (book), 3-86768-706-4 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-106-3 (book), 978-3-86768-706-5 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Lernprogramm; Kubuntu <Programm>; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:LOL,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Lernprogramme mit OpenSUSE Linux unter Qemu:
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem, OpenSUSE Linux
                 und Vorstellung von Lernprogrammen in der virtuellen
                 Umgebung Quemu}",
  volume =       "63",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "147",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-166-X, 3-86768-766-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-166-7, 978-3-86768-766-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Auf dem Buchr{\"u}cken ``Lernsoftware in OpenSUSE
                 unter Qemu'' und Band 67.",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:OLQ,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{OpenSuSE Linux unter Qemu Einf{\"u}hrung in das
                 Betriebssystem OpenSUSE Linux in der virtuellen Umgebng
                 Qemu unter Windows}",
  volume =       "65",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "168",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-164-3 (book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-164-3 (book)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "SuSE LINUX 10.2 OSS; Windows XP; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:SKD,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Software f{\"u}r Kinder in Debian unter Qemu
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem Debian und
                 Vorstellung der Lern- und Spielesammlung Gcompris in
                 der virtuellen Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "20",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "113",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-119-8 (book), 3-86768-719-6 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-119-3 (book), 978-3-86768-719-5 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Kind; Lernprogramm; Debian GNU/LINUX 3.1; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:SKKa,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Software f{\"u}r Kinder in Kubuntu unter Qemu
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem Kubuntu und
                 Vorstellung der Lern- und Spielesammlung GCompris in
                 der virtuellen Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "8",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "108",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-107-4 (book), 3-86768-707-2 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-107-0 (book), 978-3-86768-707-2 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Kind; Lernprogramm; Kubuntu <Programm>; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:SKKb,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Software f{\"u}r Kinder in Kanotix unter Qemu
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem Kanotix und
                 Vorstellung der Lern- und Spielesammlung GCompris in
                 der virtuellen Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "36",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "113",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-135-X (book), 3-86768-735-8 (DVD)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-135-3 (book), 978-3-86768-735-5 (DVD)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Kind; Lernprogramm; Kanotix; Qemu",
}

@Book{Chryselius:2006:SKKc,
  author =       "Toralf Chryselius and Andrea Kuntz",
  title =        "{Software f{\"u}r Kinder in Knoppix unter Qemu
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in das Betriebssystem Knoppix und
                 Vorstellung der Lern- und Spielesammlung GCompris in
                 der virtuellen Umgebung Qemu}",
  volume =       "52",
  publisher =    "CVTD",
  address =      "Bergfelde bei Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "120",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-86768-151-1 (book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86768-151-3 (book)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger - Linux leicht
                 verst{\"a}ndlich; Schriftenreihe Grenzg{\"a}nger -
                 Linux leicht verst{\"a}ndlich",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Kind; Lernprogramm; Knoppix; Qemu",
}

@InProceedings{Chubb:2006:VUL,
  author =       "Peter Chubb",
  title =        "Virtualization and User-Level Drivers",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:2006:PGI",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 18:26:53 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ice.gelato.org/oct06/pres_pdf/gelato_ICE06oct_vm_chubb_unsw.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Intel IA-64; Itanium",
}

@Article{Chung:2006:TTMa,
  author =       "JaeWoong Chung and Chi Cao Minh and Austen McDonald
                 and Travis Skare and Hassan Chafi and Brian D.
                 Carlstrom and Christos Kozyrakis and Kunle Olukotun",
  title =        "Tradeoffs in transactional memory virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "371--381",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 27 06:18:30 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Chung:2006:TTMb,
  author =       "JaeWoong Chung and Chi Cao Minh and Austen McDonald
                 and Travis Skare and Hassan Chafi and Brian D.
                 Carlstrom and Christos Kozyrakis and Kunle Olukotun",
  title =        "Tradeoffs in transactional memory virtualization",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "371--381",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 27 06:18:30 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Chung:2006:TTMc,
  author =       "JaeWoong Chung and Chi Cao Minh and Austen McDonald
                 and Travis Skare and Hassan Chafi and Brian D.
                 Carlstrom and Christos Kozyrakis and Kunle Olukotun",
  title =        "Tradeoffs in transactional memory virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "371--381",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1168918.1168903",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 10:49:40 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "For transactional memory (TM) to achieve widespread
                 acceptance, transactions should not be limited to the
                 physical resources of any specific hardware
                 implementation. TM systems should guarantee correct
                 execution even when transactions exceed scheduling
                 quanta, overflow the capacity of hardware caches and
                 physical memory, or include more independent nesting
                 levels than what is supported in hardware. Existing
                 proposals for TM virtualization are either incomplete
                 or rely on complex hardware implementations, which are
                 an overkill if virtualization is invoked infrequently
                 in the common case. We present eXtended Transactional
                 Memory (XTM), the first TM virtualization system that
                 virtualizes all aspects of transactional execution
                 (time, space, and nesting depth). XTM is implemented in
                 software using virtual memory support. It operates at
                 page granularity, using private copies of overflowed
                 pages to buffer memory updates until the transaction
                 commits and snapshots of pages to detect interference
                 between transactions. We also describe two enhancements
                 to XTM that use limited hardware support to address key
                 performance bottlenecks. We compare XTM to
                 hardware-based virtualization using both real
                 applications and synthetic microbenchmarks. We show
                 that despite being software-based, XTM and its
                 enhancements are competitive with hardware-based
                 alternatives. Overall, we demonstrate that XTM provides
                 a complete, flexible, and low-cost mechanism for
                 practical TM virtualization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "chip multi-processor; OS support; transactional
                 memory; virtualization",
}

@Book{Craig:2006:VM,
  author =       "Iain D. Craig",
  title =        "Virtual machines",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 269",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-85233-969-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-85233-969-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 C73 2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 23 07:06:45 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "BCPL; JVM",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Crandall:2006:TSD,
  author =       "Jedidiah R. Crandall and Gary Wassermann and Daniela
                 A. S. de Oliveira and Zhendong Su and S. Felix Wu and
                 Frederic T. Chong",
  title =        "Temporal search: detecting hidden malware timebombs
                 with virtual machines",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "25--36",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 27 06:18:30 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Crosby:2006:VR,
  author =       "Simon Crosby and David Brown",
  title =        "The virtualization reality",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "34--41",
  month =        dec # "\slash " # jan,
  year =         "2006--2007",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1189276.1189289",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 11:14:33 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Are hypervisors the new foundation for system
                 software?",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
  keywords =     "hypervisor; virtual machine",
}

@Article{DeRosa:2006:RSD,
  author =       "Peter DeRosa and Kai Shen and Christopher Stewart and
                 Jonathan Pearson",
  title =        "Realism and simplicity: disk simulation for
                 instructional {OS} performance evaluation",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "308--312",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1124706.1121436",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Operating system laboratory assignments based on bare
                 hardware or detailed machine simulators can be
                 excessively challenging for many students. In the most
                 often used approach, students develop kernels on
                 virtual machines with a much simplified hardware
                 interface. Traditionally this simplification goes so
                 far as to make realistic performance measurement
                 impossible. We propose Vesper, an instructional disk
                 drive simulator with a high degree of performance
                 realism. Vesper retains simplicity while providing
                 timing statistics close to that of real disk drives.
                 The key to our approach is to provide hardware
                 abstractions that are simple but yet capable of
                 capturing device interactions with major performance
                 impacts. Vesper laboratory assignments allow students
                 to realistically explore the performance consequences
                 of various system designs without the cumbersome
                 aspects of the real hardware interface. This paper
                 describes the design and implementation of the Vesper
                 disk drive simulator. We evaluate the effectiveness of
                 Vesper-based laboratory assignments in terms of
                 operating system performance evaluation. Student
                 experience and feedback are also reported.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@InProceedings{DeRose:2006:EXI,
  author =       "C{\'e}sar {De Rose}",
  title =        "Evaluating {Xen IA-64} Security and Performance",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:2006:PGI",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 18:26:53 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ice.gelato.org/oct06/pres_pdf/gelato_ICE06oct_xeneval_derose_pucrs.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Intel IA-64; Itanium",
}

@Article{Dong:2006:EXI,
  author =       "Yaozu Dong and Shaofan Li and Asit Mallick and Jun
                 Nakajim and Kun Tian and Xuefei Xu and Fred Yang and
                 Wilfred Yu",
  title =        "Extending {Xen} with {Intel} Virtualization
                 Technology",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "193--203",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/v10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/3-xen/1-abstract.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Dong:2006:XIV,
  author =       "Yaozu Dong",
  title =        "{Xen} and {Intel} Virtualization Technology for
                 {IA-64}",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:2006:PGI",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 18:26:53 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ice.gelato.org/oct06/pres_pdf/gelato_ICE06oct_xenvt_dong_intel.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Intel IA-64; Itanium",
}

@Article{Dyer:2006:NPD,
  author =       "Robert Dyer and Harish Narayanappa and Hridesh Rajan",
  title =        "{Nu}: preserving design modularity in object code",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1218776.1218802",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:15:21 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "For a number of reasons, such as to generate object
                 code that is compliant with the existing virtual
                 machines (VM), current compilers for aspect-oriented
                 languages sacrifice design modularity when transforming
                 source to object code by losing textual locality and
                 intermingling concerns in the object code. Sacrificing
                 design modularity has significant costs, especially in
                 terms of the speed of incremental compilation. We
                 present an intermediate language design that preserves
                 aspect-oriented design modularity in Java byte code. We
                 briefly describe our extensions to the Sun Hotspot VM
                 to support the new intermediate language design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Book{ECMA-335-4,
  author =       "{ECMA}",
  title =        "{ECMA-335}: {Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)}",
  publisher =    pub-ECMA,
  address =      pub-ECMA:adr,
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "vii + 104 (Part I), viii + 191 (Part II), iv + 138
                 (Part III), ii + 20 (Part IV), i + 4 (Part V), ii + 57
                 (Part VI)",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 08 07:44:58 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Standard.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-335.pdf;
                 http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-335.zip;
                 http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-335.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ECMAnumber =   "ECMA-335",
  remark =       "Also ISO/IEC 23271-2006.",
}

@Article{England:2006:VME,
  author =       "Paul England and John Manferdelli",
  title =        "Virtual machines for enterprise desktop security",
  journal =      j-INFO-SEC-TECH-REP,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "193--202",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "ISTRFR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istr.2006.09.001",
  ISSN =         "1363-4127 (print), 1873-605X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1363-4127",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 8 07:58:36 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infosectechrep.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1363412706000501",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Info. Sec. Tech. Rep.",
  fjournal =     "Information Security Technical Report",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/information-security-technical-report",
}

@Article{Eugster:2006:UPJ,
  author =       "Patrick Eugster",
  title =        "Uniform proxies for {Java}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "139--152",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 06:22:42 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "virtual machine",
}

@Article{Fabian:2006:VE,
  author =       "Patrick Fabian and Julia Palmer and Justin Richardson
                 and Mic Bowman and Paul Brett and Rob Knauerhase and
                 Jeff Sedayao and John Vicente and Cheng-Chee Koh and
                 Sanjay Rungta",
  title =        "Virtualization in the Enterprise",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "227--242",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/v10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/6-enterprise/1-abstract.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Fraser:2006:PVC,
  author =       "Stephen Fraser",
  title =        "{Pro Visual C++\slash CLI} and the {.NET 2.0}
                 platform",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xli + 917",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-0109-0",
  ISBN =         "1-4302-0109-6, 1-59059-640-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4302-0109-0, 978-1-59059-640-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.C153 F73 2006eb",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:37 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "The expert's voice in .NET",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Visual C++; C (Computer program language);
                 Microsoft .NET",
}

@Article{Fu:2006:SMA,
  author =       "Song Fu and Cheng-Zhong Xu",
  title =        "Stochastic modeling and analysis of hybrid mobility in
                 reconfigurable distributed virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1442--1454",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 11 20:32:35 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Book{Geiselhart:2006:IZV,
  editor =       "Gregory Geiselhart and others",
  title =        "{IBM z\slash VM} and {Linux} on {IBM System z}:
                 virtualization cookbook for {Red Hat Enterprise Linux
                 4}",
  number =       "SG24-7272-00",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 218",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-9495-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-9495-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 I28 2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:11:12 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "September 2006.",
  subject =      "Linux; Operating systems (Computers); Computer
                 systems; IBM computers; Programming",
}

@Article{Gilbert:2006:IVG,
  author =       "Laura Gilbert and Jeff Tseng and Rhys Newman and Saeed
                 Iqbal and Ronald Pepper and Onur Celebioglu and Jenwei
                 Hsieh and Victor Mashayekhi and Mark Cobban",
  title =        "Implications of virtualization on {Grids} for high
                 energy physics applications",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "922--930",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 11 20:32:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Habib:2006:X,
  author =       "Irfan Habib",
  title =        "{Xen}",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2006",
  number =       "145",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 23 06:09:27 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/documentation.html;
                 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/xeno;
                 http://www.xensource.com/",
  abstract =     "Xen is a hypervisor virtual machine that runs multiple
                 open-source operating systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Linux journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Heiser:2006:VMM,
  author =       "Gernot Heiser and Volkmar Uhlig and Joshua LeVasseur",
  title =        "Are virtual-machine monitors microkernels done
                 right?",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "95--99",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1113361.1113363",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:38 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A paper by Hand et al. at the recent HotOS workshop
                 re-examined microkernels and contrasted them to
                 virtual-machine monitors (VMMs). It found that the two
                 kinds of systems share architectural commonalities but
                 also have a number of technical differences which the
                 paper examined. It concluded that VMMs are a special
                 case of microkernels, ``microkernels done right''. A
                 closer examination of that paper shows that it contains
                 a number of statements which are poorly justified or
                 even refuted by the literature. While we believe that
                 it is indeed timely to reexamine the merits and issues
                 of microkernels, such an examination needs to be based
                 on facts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Herrod:2006:FVT,
  author =       "Steve Herrod",
  title =        "The Future of Virtualization Technology",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "352--352",
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 21 15:00:05 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Book{Hogenson:2006:CCV,
  author =       "Gordon Hogenson",
  title =        "{C++\slash CLI}: the {Visual C++} language for
                 {.NET}",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xxxiv + 412",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-0282-0",
  ISBN =         "1-4302-0282-3, 1-59059-705-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4302-0282-0, 978-1-59059-705-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.C153 H59 2006eb",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:37 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "The Expert's voice in .NET",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "C++/CLI (Computer program language); Microsoft .NET",
}

@Article{Hu:2006:RST,
  author =       "Shiliang Hu and James E. Smith",
  title =        "Reducing Startup Time in Co-Designed Virtual
                 Machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "277--288",
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 21 15:00:05 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Huang:2006:PMA,
  author =       "Mark Huang and Andy Bavier and Larry Peterson",
  title =        "{PlanetFlow}: maintaining accountability for network
                 services",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "89--94",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1113361.1113376",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:38 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "PlanetFlow is a network auditing service that
                 maintains comprehensive, permanent accountability for
                 all traffic generated by PlanetLab services, in
                 accordance with common Internet practice and the terms
                 of the PlanetLab Acceptable Use Policy. PlanetFlow
                 audits the usage of PlanetLab network resources in
                 order to facilitate the resolution of complaints, limit
                 liability, and minimize problematic behavior.The
                 current implementation of PlanetFlow consists of a low
                 overhead flow classifier, an autonomously managed
                 distributed database, and a publicly accessible Web
                 interface. PlanetFlow currently processes up to 4 TB of
                 generated traffic per day, and incurs negligible CPU
                 and storage overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@InProceedings{Inoue:2006:VNP,
  author =       "Hiroaki Inoue and Akihisa Ikeno and Masaki Kondo and
                 Junji Sakai and Masato Edahiro",
  title =        "{VIRTUS}: a new processor virtualization architecture
                 for security-oriented next-generation mobile
                 terminals",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:AAI",
  pages =        "484--489",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1146909.1147038",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:06:32 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a new processor virtualization
                 architecture, VIRTUS, to provide a dedicated domain for
                 pre-installed applications and virtualized domains for
                 downloaded native applications. With it,
                 security-oriented next-generation mobile terminals can
                 provide any number of domains for native applications.
                 VIRTUS features three new technologies: VMM
                 asymmetrization, dynamic inter-domain communication and
                 virtualization-assist logic, and it is first in the
                 world to virtualize an ARM-based multiprocessor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{ISO:2006:III,
  author =       "{International Organization for Standardization}",
  title =        "{ISO\slash IEC 23271:2006}: Information technology:
                 {Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)} Partitions {I}
                 to {VI}",
  publisher =    pub-ISO,
  address =      pub-ISO:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  year =         "2006",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "International standard",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This second edition cancels and replaces the first
                 edition (ISO/IEC 23271:2003).",
  subject =      "Information technology; Standards; Programming
                 languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Book{ISO:2006:ITCa,
  author =       "{International Organization for Standardization}",
  title =        "{ISO\slash IEC TR 23272:2006}: Information technology:
                 {Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)}: technical
                 report on information derived from Partition {IV} {XML}
                 file",
  publisher =    pub-ISO,
  address =      pub-ISO:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Technical report",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC TR
                 23272:2003).",
  subject =      "Programming languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Book{ISO:2006:ITCb,
  author =       "{International Organization for Standardization }",
  title =        "{ISO\slash IEC TR 25438:2006}: Information technology:
                 {Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)}: technical
                 report: common generics",
  publisher =    pub-ISO,
  address =      pub-ISO:adr,
  year =         "2006",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Technical report",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "programming languages (electronic computers)",
}

@InProceedings{Jones:2006:ATP,
  author =       "Stephen T. Jones and Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau and
                 Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau",
  title =        "{Antfarm}: Tracking Processes in a Virtual Machine
                 Environment",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2006:PUA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 18 11:41:42 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix06/tech/jones.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jones:2006:GMB,
  author =       "Stephen T. Jones and Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau and
                 Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau",
  title =        "{Geiger}: monitoring the buffer cache in a virtual
                 machine environment",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "14--24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 27 06:18:30 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Joos:2006:OHE,
  author =       "Thomas Joos",
  title =        "{Das Online-Handbuch: enth{\"u}llt: Providerwahl,
                 E-Mail, eBay, Google, Skype, Chatten, Instant messaging
                 und vieles mehr; [auf der CD: Firefox 1.5, Thunderbird
                 1.5, OpenOffice 2.01, Oleco NetLCR, Netstumbler, VMWare
                 Player, WINRar und vieles mehr]}",
  publisher =    "Markt-+-Technik-Verl.",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, Germany",
  pages =        "905",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-8272-4076-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8272-4076-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:53 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  price =        "EUR 39.90 (DE)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Internet",
}

@Article{Jordan:2006:SJT,
  author =       "Mick Jordan and Laurent Dayn{\`e}s and Marcin Jarzab
                 and Ciar{\'a}n Bryce and Grzegorz Czajkowski",
  title =        "Scaling {J2EE} {\TM} application servers with the
                 {Multi-tasking Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "557--580",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.703",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 17 18:33:12 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "14 Feb 2006",
}

@MastersThesis{Kelly:2006:PMX,
  author =       "Ivan Kelly",
  title =        "Porting {MINIX} to {Xen}",
  type =         "Final year project",
  institution =  "University of Limerick",
  school =       "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Limerick",
  address =      "Limerick, Ireland",
  pages =        "vii + 45",
  day =          "8",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 24 09:09:23 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://minixonxen.skynet.ie/cgi-bin/trac.cgi/attachment/wiki/Report/Report.pdf?format=raw;
                 http://www.minix3.org/theses/kelly-xen.pdf",
  abstract =     "Virtualisation has received a lot of attention from
                 the I.T. media lately. Paravirtualisation in particular
                 has drawn a lot of attention due to its high
                 performance. Paravirtualised virtual machines run at
                 near native speeds. Operating systems must be modified
                 to run on paravirtualised platforms.\par

                 Developers starting out in the field of
                 paravirtualisation face a steep learning curve. This
                 project hopes to soften that curve, by supplying
                 developers with an insight into the porting of an
                 operating system to a paravirtualised platform. In this
                 case, the MINIX operating system is ported to the Xen
                 platform.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Liu:2006:HPV,
  author =       "Jiuxing Liu and Wei Huang and Bulent Abali and
                 Dhabaleswar K. Panda",
  title =        "High Performance {VMM}-Bypass {I/O} in Virtual
                 Machines",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2006:PUA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 18 11:41:42 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "virtual machine monitor (VMM)",
}

@Book{Marshall:2006:ASV,
  author =       "David (David W.) Marshall and Wade A. Reynolds and
                 Dave McCrory",
  title =        "Advanced server virtualization: {VMware} and
                 {Microsoft} platforms in the virtual data center",
  publisher =    pub-AUERBACH,
  address =      pub-AUERBACH:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 742",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-8493-3931-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8493-3931-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 M3646 2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:08:59 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0702/2006008008-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0610/2006008008.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; Operating systems (Computers); Virtual
                 computer systems",
}

@InProceedings{Menon:2006:ONV,
  author =       "Aravind Menon and Alan L. Cox and Willy Zwaenepoel",
  title =        "Optimizing Network Virtualization in {Xen}",
  crossref =     "USENIX:2006:PUA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 18 11:41:42 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix06/tech/menon.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mergen:2006:VHP,
  author =       "Mark F. Mergen and Volkmar Uhlig and Orran Krieger and
                 Jimi Xenidis",
  title =        "Virtualization for high-performance computing",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8--11",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1131322.1131328",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:43 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The specific demands of high-performance computing
                 (HPC) often mismatch the assumptions and algorithms
                 provided by legacy operating systems (OS) for common
                 workload mixes. While feature- and application-rich
                 OSes allow for flexible and low-cost hardware
                 configurations, rapid development, and flexible testing
                 and debugging, the mismatch comes at the cost of ---
                 oftentimes significant --- performance degradation for
                 HPC applications.The ubiquitous availability of
                 virtualization support in all relevant hardware
                 architectures enables new programming and execution
                 models for HPC applications without loosing the comfort
                 and support of existing OS and application
                 environments. In this paper we discuss the trends,
                 motivations, and issues in hardware virtualization with
                 emphasis on their value in HPC environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Moreno:2006:NV,
  author =       "Victor Moreno and Kumar Reddy",
  title =        "Network virtualization",
  publisher =    "Cisco Press",
  address =      "Indianapolis, IN, USA",
  pages =        "xx + 365",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-58705-248-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58705-248-4",
  LCCN =         "TK5105.875.E87 M65 2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:10:34 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0703/2005926713.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Extranets (Computer networks); Computer network
                 architectures; Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Muir:2006:POP,
  author =       "Steve Muir and Larry Peterson and Marc Fiuczynski and
                 Justin Cappos and John Hartman",
  title =        "Privileged operations in the {PlanetLab} virtualised
                 environment",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--88",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1113361.1113375",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:38 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualised systems have experienced a resurgence in
                 popularity in recent years, whether used to support
                 multiple OSes running on a user's desktop, provide
                 commercial application hosting facilities, or isolate a
                 large number of users from each other in global network
                 testbeds. We also see an increasing level of interest
                 in having entities within these virtualised systems
                 interact with each other, either as peers or as helpers
                 providing a service to clients.Very little work has
                 been previously conducted on how such interaction
                 between virtualised environments can take place. We
                 introduce Proper, a service running on the PlanetLab
                 system, that allows unprivileged entities to access
                 privileged operations in a safe, tightly controlled
                 manner.This paper describes our work designing and
                 implementing Proper, including a discussion of the
                 various architectural decisions made. We describe how
                 implementing such a system in a traditional UNIX
                 environment is non-trivial, and provide a number of
                 examples of how services running on PlanetLab actually
                 use Proper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Muller:2006:SVP,
  author =       "Al Muller and Andy Jones and David E. Williams and
                 Stephen Beaver and David A. Payne and Jeremy Pries and
                 David E. Hart",
  title =        "Scripting {VMware} Power Tools: Automating Virtual
                 Infrastructure Administration",
  publisher =    pub-SYNGRESS,
  address =      pub-SYNGRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 398",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-59749-059-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59749-059-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 S385 2006eb",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:53:01 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/1597490598/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Neiger:2006:IVT,
  author =       "Gil Neiger and Amy Santoni and Felix Leung and Dion
                 Rodgers and Rich Uhlig",
  title =        "{Intel Virtualization Technology}: Hardware Support
                 for Efficient Processor Virtualization",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "167--177",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/v10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/1-hardware/1-abstract.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Neumann:2006:IVT,
  author =       "Dean Neumann and Dileep Kulkarni and Aaron Kunze and
                 Gerald Rogers and Edwin Verplanke",
  title =        "{Intel Virtualization Technology} in Embedded and
                 Communications Infrastructure Applications",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/v10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/5-communications/1-abstract.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Oi:2006:IFH,
  author =       "Hitoshi Oi",
  title =        "Instruction folding in a hardware-translation based
                 {Java Virtual Machine}",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:PCC",
  pages =        "139--146",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1128022.1128041",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 20 06:49:31 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Bytecode hardware-translation improves the performance
                 of a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) with small hardware
                 resource and complexity overhead. Instruction folding
                 is a technique to further improve the performance of a
                 JVM by reducing the redundancy in the stack-based
                 instruction execution. However, the variable
                 instruction length of the Java bytecode makes the
                 folding logic complex. In this paper, we propose a
                 folding scheme with reduced hardware complexity and
                 evaluate its performance. For seven benchmark cases,
                 the proposed scheme folded 6.6\% to 37.1\% of the
                 bytecodes which correspond to 84.2\% to 102\% of the
                 PicoJava-II's performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pickett:2006:SSF,
  author =       "Christopher J. F. Pickett and Clark Verbrugge",
  title =        "{SableSpMT}: a software framework for analysing
                 speculative multithreading in {Java}",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--66",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1108768.1108809",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:15:12 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Speculative multithreading (SpMT) is a promising
                 optimisation technique for achieving faster execution
                 of sequential programs on multiprocessor hardware.
                 Analysis of and data acquisition from such systems is
                 however difficult and complex, and is typically limited
                 to a specific hardware design and simulation
                 environment. We have implemented a flexible,
                 software-based speculative multithreading architecture
                 within the context of a full-featured Java virtual
                 machine. We consider the entire Java language and
                 provide a complete set of support features for
                 speculative execution, including return value
                 prediction. Using our system we are able to generate
                 extensive dynamic analysis information, analyse the
                 effects of runtime feedback, and determine the impact
                 of incorporating static, offline information. Our
                 approach allows for accurate analysis of Java SpMT on
                 existing, commodity multiprocessor hardware, and
                 provides a vehicle for further experimentation with
                 speculative approaches and optimisations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@InProceedings{Quynh:2006:RTI,
  author =       "Nguyen Anh Quynh and Yoshiyasu Takefuji",
  title =        "A Real-time Integrity Monitor for {Xen} Virtual
                 Machine",
  crossref =     "IEEE:2006:PIC",
  pages =        "90--??",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS.2006.13",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:17:20 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "File-system integrity tools (FIT) are commonly
                 deployed to assist forensic investigation after
                 security incidents and as host-based intrusion
                 detections (HIDS) tool to detect unauthorized
                 file-system changes. Basically all the current
                 solutions employ the same tactic: the administrator
                 specifies a list of critical files and directories that
                 needs to be monitored, then uses the FIT to create a
                 base-line database that tracks general parameters about
                 these files. The FIT is then re-run periodically, and
                 if it detects the modifies of the filesystem against
                 the information stored in the database, the report on
                 the changed file is generated. However, this strategy
                 is far from perfect: the intrusion detection cannot be
                 done in real-time, which might render the whole scheme
                 useless if the attacker can somehow take over the
                 system with privileged access in the time between. The
                 administrator also has a lot of problems to keep the
                 database updating. Besides, he must do everything he
                 can to protect the database and the FIT itself from
                 compromising by the attacker, which is not an easy task
                 especially if the attacker gains local access.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ramachandran:2006:NCV,
  author =       "Mahendra Ramachandran and Ned Smith and Matthew Wood
                 and Sharad Garg and Jim Stanley and Eswar Eduri and
                 Rinat Rappoport and Arie Chobotaro and Carl Klotz and
                 Lori Janz",
  title =        "New Client Virtualization Usage Models Using {Intel
                 Virtualization Technology}",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "205--216",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/v10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/4-models/1-abstract.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{ReFerre:2006:VIS,
  editor =       "Massimo {Re Ferre'} and others",
  title =        "Virtualization on the {IBM System x3950 Server}",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 272",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-9709-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-9709-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 V578 2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:11:31 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "IBM redbooks; IBM eserver",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0706/2006284881.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The ``e'' in ``eserver'' is printed as the symbol for
                 electronic. June 2006.",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; IBM computers",
}

@Book{Robbins:2006:LGC,
  author =       "Stuart Robbins",
  title =        "Lessons in grid computing: the system is a mirror",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 363",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-471-79010-9 (cloth)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-79010-5 (cloth)",
  LCCN =         "HD30.2 .R627 2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:09:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0740/2006002910-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0740/2006002910-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip067/2006002910.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Information technology; Management; Business; Computer
                 networks; Management information systems; Industrial
                 management; Technological innovations; Decision
                 making",
  tableofcontents = "Prime theorem \\
                 Interfaces \\
                 Relationship management \\
                 Virtualization \\
                 Orchestration \\
                 Complexity \\
                 Distributed resources \\
                 Flash teams \\
                 Network as narrative form \\
                 Identity \\
                 Organizational architecture \\
                 (Theory of) resonant usability \\
                 Turbulence \\
                 Libraries \\
                 Abstraction \\
                 Insubordination as an asset \\
                 The consortium \\
                 The everysphere \\
                 Q narratives \\
                 Leaving flatland \\
                 We are the platform",
}

@Article{Rosenblum:2006:IVC,
  author =       "Mendel Rosenblum",
  title =        "Impact of virtualization on computer architecture and
                 operating systems",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1--1",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 27 06:18:30 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Seetharaman:2006:TOU,
  author =       "Swaminathan Seetharaman and Krishna Murthy",
  title =        "Test Optimization Using Software Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "66--69",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2006.143",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 0740-7459 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 3 12:17:28 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
}

@InProceedings{Smith:2006:SID,
  author =       "Matthew Smith and Michael Engel and Thomas Friese and
                 Bernd Freisleben and Gregory A. Koenig and William
                 Yurcik",
  title =        "Security Issues in On-Demand Grid and Cluster
                 Computing",
  crossref =     "Turner:2006:SIS",
  pages =        "24--??",
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:36:21 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, security issues in on-demand Grid and
                 cluster computing are analyzed, a corresponding threat
                 model is presented and the challenges with respect to
                 authentication, authorization, delegation and single
                 sign-on, secure communication, auditing, safety, and
                 confidentiality are discussed. Three different levels
                 of on-demand computing are identified, based on the
                 number of resource providers, solution producers and
                 users, and the trust relationships between them. It is
                 argued that the threats associated with the first two
                 levels can be handled by employing operating system
                 virtualization technologies based on Xen, whereas the
                 threats of the third level require the use of hardware
                 security modules proposed in the context of the Trusted
                 Computing Platform Alliance (TCPA). The presented
                 security mechanisms increase the resilience of the
                 service hosting environment against both malicious
                 attacks and erroneous code. Thus, our proposal paves
                 the way for large scale hosting of Grid or web services
                 in commercial scenarios.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Spivey:2006:VHH,
  author =       "Mark D. Spivey",
  title =        "Virtually hacking: hacking the virtual computer",
  publisher =    "Taylor and Francis",
  address =      "Boca Raton, FL, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-8493-7057-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8493-7057-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 S6755 2006",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:39 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0612/2006013484.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; Operating systems (Computers); Virtual
                 computer systems",
}

@Book{Sprang:2006:XVL,
  author =       "Henning Sprang",
  title =        "{Xen: Virtualisierung unter Linux}",
  publisher =    "Open Source Press",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, Germany",
  pages =        "350",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-937514-29-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-937514-29-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:41:07 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  price =        "ca. EUR 39.90, EUR 41.35 (AT)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Swaine:2006:VR,
  author =       "Michael Swaine",
  title =        "Is Virtualization Real?",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "18--19, 21--22",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 17 07:22:34 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools",
}

@Article{Tanenbaum:2006:CWM,
  author =       "Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Jorrit N. Herder and Herbert
                 Bos",
  title =        "Can We Make Operating Systems Reliable and Secure?",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "44--51",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2006.156",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 24 08:45:10 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Cover feature.",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2006/05/r5044-abs.html",
  abstract =     "Microkernels long discarded as unacceptable because of
                 their lower performance compared with monolithic
                 kernels might be making a comeback in operating systems
                 due to their potentially higher reliability, which many
                 researchers now regard as more important than
                 performance. Each of the four different attempts to
                 improve operating system reliability focuses on
                 preventing buggy device drivers from crashing the
                 system. In the Nooks approach, each driver is
                 individually hand wrapped in a software jacket to
                 carefully control its interactions with the rest of the
                 operating system, but it leaves all the drivers in the
                 kernel. The paravirtual machine approach takes this one
                 step further and moves the drivers to one or more
                 machines distinct from the main one, taking away even
                 more power from the drivers. Both of these approaches
                 are intended to improve the reliability of existing
                 (legacy) operating systems. In contrast, two other
                 approaches replace legacy operating systems with more
                 reliable and secure ones. The multiserver approach runs
                 each driver and operating system component in a
                 separate user process and allows them to communicate
                 using the microkernel's IPC mechanism. Finally,
                 Singularity, the most radical approach, uses a
                 type-safe language, a single address space, and formal
                 contracts to carefully limit what each module can do.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/computer;
                 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Travostino:2006:SLM,
  author =       "Franco Travostino and Paul Daspit and Leon Gommans and
                 Chetan Jog and Cees de Laat and Joe Mambretti and Inder
                 Monga and Bas van Oudenaarde and Satish Raghunath and
                 Phil Yonghui Wang",
  title =        "Seamless live migration of virtual machines over the
                 {MAN\slash WAN}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "901--907",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 11 13:08:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Uhlig:2006:F,
  author =       "Rich Uhlig",
  title =        "Forward: {Intel Virtualization Technology}: Taking
                 Virtualization Mainstream on {Intel} Architecture
                 Platforms",
  journal =      j-INTEL-TECH-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "v--vi",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1535/itj.1003",
  ISSN =         "1535-766X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 09:02:57 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://download.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/volume10issue02/vol10_iss03.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://developer.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/v10i3/foreword.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Vachon:2006:DBV,
  author =       "Travis Vachon",
  title =        "Dynamic balancing of virtual operating systems",
  journal =      "Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "309--310",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:23:59 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent improvements in computer hardware have made
                 possible the use of virtualization techniques. While
                 many of these techniques have focused on providing
                 virtualized programming language environments, recently
                 technology has emerged which aims to virtualize entire
                 operating system environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Vallee:2006:OTX,
  author =       "Geoffroy Vallee and Stephen L. Scott",
  title =        "{OSCAR} Testing with {Xen}",
  crossref =     "IEEE:2006:PIS",
  pages =        "43--?",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/HPCS.2006.31",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:57:08 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The development of new OSCAR packages and of new
                 releases is difficult because of the testing required
                 for the ever growing set of supported Linux
                 distributions. Each time, a new cluster has to be
                 setup, including the full installation of the head node
                 system. At the same time, some paravirtualization
                 software, like Xen, allows one to create a set of
                 virtual machines on a single physical machine.
                 Therefore, the use of Xen for cluster virtualization
                 and OSCAR testing may be interesting. This document
                 presents Xen-OSCAR, a framework based on Xen, which
                 aims at providing a solution to create a virtual OSCAR
                 cluster.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{vanDoorn:2006:HVT,
  author =       "Leendert van Doorn",
  title =        "Hardware virtualization trends",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:VPS",
  pages =        "45--45",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1134760.1134762",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:16:51 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As Intel is rolling out its Vanderpool processor
                 virtualization technology and AMD its Secure Virtual
                 Machine technology, we are only seeing the first wave
                 of processor virtualization assists. Over the next few
                 years the x86 space will change dramatically. We will
                 see the introduction of massive multi-core, 64-bit, 2
                 nd generation processor virtualization capabilities,
                 I/O isolation capabilities, and hardware security
                 assists.Both Intel and AMD are differentiating their
                 processors by providing enhancements that enable you to
                 run multiple virtual machines in such a way that the
                 guest is unaware that it is being virtualized.
                 Ironically, largely because these technologies have
                 been unavailable for so long, Linux and Windows are
                 going into a different direction: paravirtualization.
                 With paravirtualization the guest operating system
                 collaborates closely with the virtual machine monitor
                 through a set of well defined software interfaces. This
                 approach does not require any new hardware features at
                 all and has the potential of performing much better.
                 So, this raises an interesting dilemma: Some of the new
                 virtualization capabilities may already be obsolete
                 before they are brought to market.In this talk I will
                 discuss the new virtualization technologies that will
                 be introduced over the next few years, how they help
                 virtualization, what challenges they pose and how these
                 virtualization technologies will likely consolidate.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{VanHensbergen:2006:PRP,
  author =       "Eric {Van Hensbergen}",
  title =        "{P.R.O.S.E}.: partitioned reliable operating system
                 environment",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12--15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1131322.1131329",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:43 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This document re-evaluates the software stack in the
                 light of para-virtualization technology and hypervisor
                 support within next generation processors and operating
                 systems. We describe an infrastructure enabling the use
                 of logical partitions (LPARs) for the execution of
                 stand-alone applications along side traditional
                 operating systems. The design goal is to provide an
                 environment allowing normal users to execute, interact
                 and manage these custom kernels in much the same way
                 they would with typical applications. The development
                 environment is a set of modular component libraries
                 providing necessary system services, and a familiar
                 debug environment provided by exposing partition memory
                 and control interfaces to a ``controller'' partition.
                 We describe the implementation of our prototype using
                 the IBM research hypervisor along with the Linux kernel
                 and explore potential applications that could benefit
                 from this new environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Vaughan-Nichols:2006:NAV,
  author =       "Stephen J. Vaughan-Nichols",
  title =        "New Approach to Virtualization Is a Lightweight",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "12--14",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2006.393",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 4 17:16:21 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/co/2006/11/ry012.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Venstermans:2006:BVB,
  author =       "Kris Venstermans and Lieven Eeckhout and Koen {De
                 Bosschere}",
  title =        "64-bit versus 32-bit {Virtual Machines} for {Java}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--26",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.679",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 14 11:39:19 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  abstract =     "The Java language is popular because of its platform
                 independence, making it useful in a lot of technologies
                 ranging from embedded devices to high-performance
                 systems. The platform-independent property of Java,
                 which is visible at the Java bytecode level, is only
                 made possible thanks to the availability of a Virtual
                 Machine (VM), which needs to be designed specifically
                 for each underlying hardware platform. More
                 specifically, the same Java bytecode should run
                 properly on a 32-bit or a 64-bit VM. In this paper, we
                 compare the behavioral characteristics of 32-bit and
                 64-bit VMs using a large set of Java benchmarks. This
                 is done using the Jikes Research VM as well as the IBM
                 JDK 1.4.0 production VM on a PowerPC-based IBM machine.
                 By running the PowerPC machine in both 32-bit and
                 64-bit mode we are able to compare 32-bit and 64-bit
                 VMs. We conclude that the space an object takes in the
                 heap in 64-bit mode is 39.3\% larger on average than in
                 32-bit mode. We identify three reasons for this: (i)
                 the larger pointer size, (ii) the increased header and
                 (iii) the increased alignment. The minimally required
                 heap size is 51.1\% larger on average in 64-bit than in
                 32-bit mode. From our experimental setup using hardware
                 performance monitors, we observe that 64-bit computing
                 typically results in a significantly larger number of
                 data cache misses at all levels of the memory
                 hierarchy. In addition, we observe that when a
                 sufficiently large heap is available, the IBM JDK 1.4.0
                 VM is 1.7\% slower on average in 64-bit mode than in
                 32-bit mode.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "64-bit versus 32-bit computing; Java; performance
                 evaluation; PowerPC; Virtual Machine",
  onlinedate =   "15 Sep 2005",
}

@InProceedings{Wells:2006:HSS,
  author =       "Philip M. Wells and Koushik Chakraborty and Gurindar
                 S. Sohi",
  title =        "Hardware support for spin management in overcommitted
                 virtual machines",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:PPI",
  pages =        "124--133",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1152154.1152176",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:03:50 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Multiprocessor operating systems (OSs) pose several
                 unique and conflicting challenges to System Virtual
                 Machines (System VMs). For example, most existing
                 system VMs resort to gang scheduling a guest OS's
                 virtual processors (VCPUs) to avoid OS synchronization
                 overhead. However, gang scheduling is infeasible for
                 some application domains, and is inflexible in other
                 domains.In an overcommitted environment, an individual
                 guest OS has more VCPUs than available physical
                 processors (PCPUs), precluding the use of gang
                 scheduling. In such an environment, we demonstrate a
                 more than two-fold increase in runtime when
                 transparently virtualizing a chip-multiprocessor's
                 cores. To combat this problem, we propose a hardware
                 technique to detect several cases when a VCPU is not
                 performing useful work, and suggest preempting that
                 VCPU to run a different, more productive VCPU. Our
                 technique can dramatically reduce cycles wasted on OS
                 synchronization, without requiring any semantic
                 information from the software.We then present a case
                 study, typical of server consolidation, to demonstrate
                 the potential of more flexible scheduling policies
                 enabled by our technique. We propose one such policy
                 that logically partitions the CMP cores between guest
                 VMs. This policy increases throughput by 10\%--25\% for
                 consolidated server workloads due to improved cache
                 locality and core utilization, and substantially
                 improves performance isolation in private caches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Wills:2006:PVC,
  author =       "Dean C. Wills",
  title =        "{Pro Visual C++ 2005} for developers: featuring
                 {C++\slash CLI}",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xxxii + 379",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-59059-608-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59059-608-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.C153 W5526 2006",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:37 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Books for professionals by professionals",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2008295944.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Visual C++; C++ (Computer program language);
                 Microsoft .NET",
}

@TechReport{Wright:2006:IJV,
  author =       "Greg Wright and Mario Wolczko and Phil McGachey and
                 Erika Gunadi",
  title =        "Introspection of a {Java Virtual Machine} under
                 Simulation",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "TR-2006-159",
  institution =  "Sun Microsystems, Inc.",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA, USA",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 08:05:32 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://research.sun.com/techrep/2006/smli_tr-2006-159.pdf",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines are commonly used in
                 commercially-significant systems, for example, Sun
                 Microsystems' Java and Microsoft's .NET. The virtual
                 machine offers many advantages to the system designer
                 and administrator, but complicates the task of workload
                 characterization: it presents an extra abstraction
                 layer between the application and observed hardware
                 effects. Understanding the behavior of the virtual
                 machine is therefore important for all levels of the
                 system architecture.\par

                 We have constructed a tool which examines the state of
                 a Sun Java HotSpot virtual machine running inside
                 Virtutech's Simics execution-driven simulator. We can
                 obtain detailed information about the virtual machine
                 and application without disturbing the state of the
                 simulation. For data, we can answer such questions as:
                 Is a given address in the heap? If so, in which object?
                 Of what class? For code, we can map program counter
                 values back to Java methods and approximate Java source
                 line information. Our tool allows us to relate
                 individual events in the simulation, for example, a
                 cache miss, to the higher-level behavior of the
                 application and virtual machine.\par

                 In this report, we present the design of our tool,
                 including its capabilities and limitations, and
                 demonstrate its application on the simulation's cache
                 contents and cache misses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Yu:2006:FWV,
  author =       "Yang Yu and Fanglu Guo and Susanta Nanda and Lap-chung
                 Lam and Tzi-cker Chiueh",
  title =        "A feather-weight virtual machine for {Windows}
                 applications",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:VPS",
  pages =        "24--34",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1134760.1134766",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:42:37 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Many fault-tolerant and intrusion-tolerant systems
                 require the ability to execute unsafe programs in a
                 realistic environment without leaving permanent
                 damages. Virtual machine technology meets this
                 requirement perfectly because it provides an execution
                 environment that is both realistic and isolated. In
                 this paper, we introduce an OS level virtual machine
                 architecture for Windows applications called
                 Feather-weight Virtual Machine (FVM), under which
                 virtual machines share as many resources of the host
                 machine as possible while still isolated from one
                 another and from the host machine. The key technique
                 behind FVM is namespace virtualization, which isolates
                 virtual machines by renaming resources at the OS system
                 call interface. Through a copy-on-write scheme, FVM
                 allows multiple virtual machines to physically share
                 resources but logically isolate their resources from
                 each other. A main technical challenge in FVM is how to
                 achieve strong isolation among different virtual
                 machines and the host machine, due to numerous
                 namespaces and interprocess communication mechanisms on
                 Windows. Experimental results demonstrate that FVM is
                 more flexible and scalable, requires less system
                 resource, incurs lower start-up and run-time
                 performance overhead than existing hardware-level
                 virtual machine technologies, and thus makes a
                 compelling building block for security and
                 fault-tolerant applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Zhang:2006:SPV,
  author =       "Jianyong Zhang and Anand Sivasubramaniam and Qian Wang
                 and Alma Riska and Erik Riedel",
  title =        "Storage performance virtualization via throughput and
                 latency control",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "283--308",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 11:04:31 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tos/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J960",
}

@Article{Zhao:2006:DFS,
  author =       "Ming Zhao and Jian Zhang and Renato J. Figueiredo",
  title =        "Distributed File System Virtualization Techniques
                 Supporting On-Demand Virtual Machine Environments for
                 Grid Computing",
  journal =      "Cluster Computing",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--56",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-006-4896-x",
  ISSN =         "1386-7857",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:00:03 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a data management solution which
                 allows fast Virtual Machine (VM) instantiation and
                 efficient run-time execution to support VMs as
                 execution environments in Grid computing. It is based
                 on novel distributed file system virtualization
                 techniques and is unique in that: (1) it provides
                 on-demand cross-domain access to VM state for
                 unmodified VM monitors; (2) it enables private file
                 system channels for VM instantiation by secure
                 tunneling and session-key based authentication; (3) it
                 supports user-level and write-back disk caches,
                 per-application caching policies and middleware-driven
                 consistency models; and (4) it leverages
                 application-specific meta-data associated with files to
                 expedite data transfers. The paper reports on its
                 performance in wide-area setups using VMware-based VMs.
                 Results show that the solution delivers performance
                 over 30\ better than native NFS and with warm caches it
                 can bring the application-perceived overheads below
                 10\% compared to a local-disk setup. The solution also
                 allows a VM with 1.6 GB virtual disk and 320 MB virtual
                 memory to be cloned within 160 seconds for the first
                 clone and within 25 seconds for subsequent clones.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Zimmer:2006:VSV,
  author =       "Dennis Zimmer",
  title =        "{VMware Server and VMware Player: [Installation,
                 Anwendung und Konfiguration; Konzeption und
                 Einsatzm{\"o}glichkeiten; virtuelle Maschinen erstellen
                 und nutzen]}",
  publisher =    "Galileo Press",
  address =      "Bonn, Germany",
  pages =        "358",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-89842-822-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-89842-822-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:53 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  series =       "Galileo Computing",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "DVD-ROM u.d.T.: Zimmer, Dennis: VMware Server. -
                 Falsche ISBN im Buch und auf der DVD-ROM.",
}

@InProceedings{Zimmermann:2006:AHM,
  author =       "Alexander Zimmermann and Mesut G{\"u}nes and Martin
                 Wenig and Jan Ritzerfeld and Ulrich Meis",
  title =        "Architecture of the hybrid {MCG}-mesh testbed",
  crossref =     "ACM:2006:PIW",
  pages =        "88--89",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1160987.1161004",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:37:23 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The study of wireless and mobile networks is mainly
                 based on simulations. Although simulation environments
                 offer a convenient combination of flexibility and
                 controllability, their largest disadvantage is that the
                 results gained by using them are difficult to transfer
                 into reality. This is due to the complex environment of
                 mobile and wireless networks.In this paper we introduce
                 a hybrid testbed approach, which consists of real mesh
                 nodes and a virtualization environment. This
                 combination provides on the one hand a flexible
                 development environment for distributed network
                 protocols and applications, and on the other hand a
                 high degree in realism. Therefore, it allows the design
                 and conduction of large scale networks where the
                 results are easily transferred to the real world.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Zoppke:2006:VLE,
  author =       "Till Zoppke and Ra{\'u}l Rojas",
  title =        "The Virtual Life of {ENIAC}: Simulating the Operation
                 of the First Electronic Computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18--25",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2006.40",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 06:34:16 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Adamski:2007:SPE,
  author =       "Marcin Adamski and Michal Kulczewski and Krzysztof
                 Kurowski and Jarek Nabrzyski and Alastair Hume",
  title =        "Security and performance enhancements to {OGSA-DAI}
                 for {Grid} data virtualization",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "2171--2182",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1165",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 5 10:08:17 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                 Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "22 May 2007",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2007:VPS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{VMware} patches security flaws",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "2007",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(07)70089-2",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 16:59:44 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485807700892",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Arce:2007:GVM,
  author =       "Iv{\'a}n Arce",
  title =        "Ghost in the Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "68--71",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2007.83",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 2 17:50:45 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines and virtualization technologies
                 aren't new to the computing world---they've been used
                 for at least 40 years. Recently, the availability of
                 virtualization software for low-cost computer equipment
                 and the promise of both tangible reductions on total
                 cost of ownership and rapid return on investment on
                 virtualization projects have moved many organizations
                 to adopt it as a key component of their IT strategy. In
                 this installment of Attack Trends, I'll look at this
                 technology trend with an eye toward security and
                 analyze past and present advances in offensive security
                 tools and techniques",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security \& Privacy",
}

@Article{Armbruster:2007:RTJ,
  author =       "Austin Armbruster and Jason Baker and Antonio Cunei
                 and Chapman Flack and David Holmes and Filip Pizlo and
                 Edward Pla and Marek Prochazka and Jan Vitek",
  title =        "A real-time {Java} virtual machine with applications
                 in avionics",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:49",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1324969.1324974",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 12 15:21:48 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper reports on our experience with the
                 implementation of the Real-time Specification for Java
                 on the Ovm open source Java virtual machine. We
                 describe the architecture and main design decisions
                 involved in implementing real-time Java on Ovm. We
                 present the first use of Real-time Java in avionics in
                 the context of control software for a ScanEagle
                 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J840",
  keywords =     "avionics; memory management; Real-Time Java; virtual
                 machines",
}

@Article{Border:2007:DDM,
  author =       "Charles Border",
  title =        "The development and deployment of a multi-user, remote
                 access virtualization system for networking, security,
                 and system administration classes",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "576--580",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1227504.1227501",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:32 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We have combined four industry standard technologies
                 to create a flexible, modular and easily extensible
                 virtual server environment for both distance and local
                 students to use in our networking, security, and system
                 administration classes. By combining the remote access
                 technologies of Remote Desktop, the multi-user
                 capabilities of Microsoft Terminal Services, the
                 ability to share sessions of Remote Assistance, and the
                 ability to manipulate virtual machines and virtual
                 networks using VMware Workstation, the Remote
                 Laboratory Emulation System (RLES) allows students to
                 conduct labs very similar to our local labs from either
                 inside or outside our lab facility. While other people
                 have been experimenting with various combinations of
                 these technologies we have aggressively developed and
                 implemented this system and feel that it has become a
                 very important tool in our ability to cost-effectively
                 provide computing infrastructure for local and distant
                 students, and student and faculty research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Misc{Brunschen:2007:SSE,
  author =       "Christian Brunschen",
  title =        "{SMILemu}: The {SMIL} Emulator: Version 1.2",
  howpublished = "Web site",
  day =          "30",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 20 10:27:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "SMIL (Siffermaskinen i Lund = Number Machine in Lund)
                 was an early Swedish computer introduced in 1956, and
                 in operation until 1970, that was based on John von
                 Neumann's 1952 IAS machine that was designed from 1945
                 to 1951, and was operational until 1958.",
  URL =          "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAS_computer;
                 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMIL_%28computer%29;
                 http://video.ldc.lu.se/smil-50.htm;
                 http://www.smilemu.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  lastaccessed = "20 November 2012",
}

@Book{Buytaert:2007:BDS,
  editor =       "Kris Buytaert and others",
  title =        "Best damn server virtualization book period: including
                 {Vmware}, {Xen}, and {Microsoft Virtual Server}",
  publisher =    pub-SYNGRESS,
  address =      pub-SYNGRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xxviii + 931",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-59749-217-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59749-217-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C55 B475 2007",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:21:54 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Client/server computing",
}

@Article{Carpenter:2007:HVA,
  author =       "Matthew Carpenter and Tom Liston and Ed Skoudis",
  title =        "Hiding Virtualization from Attackers and Malware",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "62--65",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2007.63",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 2 17:50:44 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{Casey:2007:OIB,
  author =       "Kevin Casey and M. Anton Ertl and David Gregg",
  title =        "Optimizing indirect branch prediction accuracy in
                 virtual machine interpreters",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "37:1--37:36",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1286821.1286828",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 11 19:22:40 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/toplas/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "37",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
}

@Article{Chang:2007:VMS,
  author =       "Da-Wei Chang and Cheng-En Hsieh and Yan-Pai Chen and
                 Kwo-Cheng Chiu",
  title =        "Virtual machine support for zero-loss {Internet}
                 service recovery and upgrade",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "1349--1376",
  day =          "10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.808",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 17 18:33:16 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "12 Mar 2007",
}

@Article{Chen:2007:DGS,
  author =       "Haibo Chen and Jieyun Chen and Wenbo Mao and Fei Yan",
  title =        "{Daonity} --- Grid security from two levels of
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-INFO-SEC-TECH-REP,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "123--138",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "ISTRFR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istr.2007.05.005",
  ISSN =         "1363-4127 (print), 1873-605X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1363-4127",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 8 07:58:37 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infosectechrep.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1363412707000258",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Info. Sec. Tech. Rep.",
  fjournal =     "Information Security Technical Report",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/information-security-technical-report",
}

@Article{Ciabrini:2007:SVS,
  author =       "Damien Ciabrini",
  title =        "Stack virtualization for source level debugging",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "693--725",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.782",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 17 18:33:15 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "2 Nov 2006",
}

@Article{Contreras:2007:XPP,
  author =       "Gilberto Contreras and Margaret Martonosi and Jinzhang
                 Peng and Guei-Yuan Lueh and Roy Ju",
  title =        "The {XTREM} power and performance simulator for the
                 {Intel XScale} core: {Design} and experiences",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1210268.1210272",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 12 15:20:58 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Managing power concerns in microprocessors has become
                 a pressing research problem across the domains of
                 computer architecture, CAD, and compilers. As a result,
                 several parameterized cycle-level power simulators have
                 been introduced. While these simulators can be quite
                 useful for microarchitectural studies, their generality
                 limits how accurate they can be for any one chip
                 family. Furthermore, their hardware focus means that
                 they do not explicitly enable studying the interaction
                 of different software layers, such as Java applications
                 and their underlying runtime system software. This
                 paper describes and evaluates XTREM, a power-simulation
                 tool tailored for the Intel XScale microarchitecture.
                 In building XTREM, our goals were to develop a
                 microarchitecture simulator that, while still offering
                 size parameterizations for cache and other structures,
                 more accurately reflected a realistic processor
                 pipeline. We present a detailed set of validations
                 based on multimeter power measurements and hardware
                 performance counter sampling. XTREM exhibits an average
                 performance error of only 6.5\% and an even smaller
                 average power error: 4\%. The paper goes on to present
                 an application study enabled by the simulator. Namely,
                 we use XTREM to produce an energy consumption breakdown
                 for Java CDC and CLDC applications. Our simulator
                 measurements indicate that a large percentage of the
                 total energy consumption (up to 35\%) is devoted to the
                 virtual machine's support functions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J840",
  keywords =     "Intel XScale technology; Java; power measurements;
                 power modeling",
}

@TechReport{Cox:2007:REM,
  author =       "Russ Cox",
  title =        "Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "swtch.com",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 27 11:39:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/plan9.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Thompson:1968:PTR,Kernighan:1999:REL,Cox:2009:REM,Cox:2010:REM,Cox:2012:REM}",
  URL =          "http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Criswell:2007:SVA,
  author =       "John Criswell and Andrew Lenharth and Dinakar Dhurjati
                 and Vikram Adve",
  title =        "Secure virtual architecture: a safe execution
                 environment for commodity operating systems",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "351--366",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1294261.1294295",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:18:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an efficient and robust approach
                 to provide a safe execution environment for an entire
                 operating system, such as Linux, and all its
                 applications. The approach, which we call Secure
                 Virtual Architecture (SVA), defines a virtual,
                 low-level, typed instruction set suitable for executing
                 all code on a system, including kernel and application
                 code. SVA code is translated for execution by a virtual
                 machine transparently, offline or online. SVA aims to
                 enforce fine-grained (object level) memory safety,
                 control-flow integrity, type safety for a subset of
                 objects, and sound analysis. A virtual machine
                 implementing SVA achieves these goals by using a novel
                 approach that exploits properties of existing memory
                 pools in the kernel and by preserving the kernel's
                 explicit control over memory, including custom
                 allocators and explicit deallocation. Furthermore, the
                 safety properties can be encoded compactly as
                 extensions to the SVA type system, allowing the
                 (complex) safety checking compiler to be outside the
                 trusted computing base. SVA also defines a set of OS
                 interface operations that abstract all privileged
                 hardware instructions, allowing the virtual machine to
                 monitor all privileged operations and control the
                 physical resources on a given hardware platform. We
                 have ported the Linux kernel to SVA, treating it as a
                 new architecture, and made only minimal code changes
                 (less than 300 lines of code) to the
                 machine-independent parts of the kernel and device
                 drivers. SVA is able to prevent 4 out of 5 memory
                 safety exploits previously reported for the Linux
                 2.4.22 kernel for which exploit code is available, and
                 would prevent the fifth one simply by compiling an
                 additional kernel library.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "compiler; memory safety; operating systems; security;
                 type safety; typed assembly language; virtual machine",
}

@Book{Crosby:2007:VXI,
  editor =       "Simon Crosby and Juan R. Garcia and David E.
                 Williams",
  title =        "Virtualization with {Xen}: including {XenEnterprise},
                 {XenServer}, and {XenExpress}",
  publisher =    pub-SYNGRESS,
  address =      pub-SYNGRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xx + 364",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "0-08-055393-1 (electronic), 1-59749-167-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-08-055393-1 (electronic), 978-1-59749-167-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 V57 2007eb",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:22:13 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Virtual LANs; XEN3",
}

@Article{Du:2007:SSI,
  author =       "Wenliang Du and Zhouxuan Teng and Ronghua Wang",
  title =        "{SEED}: a suite of instructional laboratories for
                 computer {SEcurity EDucation}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "486--490",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1227504.1227474",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 16:57:32 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To provide students with hands-on exercises in
                 computer security education, we have developed a
                 laboratory environment (SEED) for computer security
                 education. It is based on VMware, Minix, and Linux, all
                 of which are free for educational uses. Based on this
                 environment, we have developed ten labs, covering a
                 wide range of security principles. We have used these
                 labs in our three courses in the last four years. This
                 paper presents our SEED lab environment, SEED labs, and
                 our evaluation results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Garfinkel:2007:WVC,
  author =       "Tal Garfinkel and Andrew Warfield",
  title =        "What Virtualization Can Do for Security",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 11:34:32 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/december-2007-volume-32-number-6/what-virtualization-can-do-security",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Goth:2007:VOT,
  author =       "Greg Goth",
  title =        "Virtualization: Old Technology Offers Huge New
                 Potential",
  journal =      j-IEEE-DISTRIB-SYST-ONLINE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1541-4922 (print), 1558-1683 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1541-4922",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 30 23:14:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeedistribsystonline.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/ds/2007/02/o2003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Distributed Systems Online",
}

@Book{Hammersley:2007:PVS,
  author =       "Eric Hammersley",
  title =        "{Professional VMware Server}",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 437",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "0-470-07988-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-07988-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 H344637 2007",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:21:39 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0741/2006033472-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0741/2006033472-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip072/2006033472.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; Operating systems (Computers); Virtual
                 computer systems",
}

@Article{Hand:2007:HVX,
  author =       "Steven Hand and Andrew Warfield and Keir Fraser",
  title =        "Hardware Virtualization with {Xen}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 11:34:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/february-2007-volume-32-number-1/hardware-virtualization-xen",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Hansen:2007:ETT,
  author =       "Jacob Gorm Hansen and Eske Christiansen and Eric Jul",
  title =        "Evil twins: two models for {TCB} reduction in {HPC}
                 clusters",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20--29",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1278901.1278906",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:17:50 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Traditional high performance computing systems require
                 extensive management and suffer from security and
                 configuration problems. This paper presents two
                 generations of a cluster-management system that aims at
                 making clusters as secure and self-managing as
                 possible. The goal of the system is minimality: All
                 nodes in a cluster are configured with a minimal
                 software base consisting of a virtual machine monitor
                 and a remote bootstrapping mechanism, and customers
                 then buy access using a simple pre-paid token scheme.
                 All necessary application software, including the
                 operating system, is provided by the customer as a full
                 virtual machine, and boot-strapped or migrated into the
                 cluster.\par

                 We have explored two different models for cluster
                 control. The first, a decentralized push model ('Evil
                 Man'$^1$ ), requires direct network access to cluster
                 nodes, each of which is running a truly minimal control
                 plane implementation consisting of only a few hundred
                 lines of C code. In the second, a centralized pull
                 model ('Evil Twin'), nodes may be running behind NATs
                 or firewalls, and are controlled by a centralized web
                 service. A specially developed cache invalidation
                 protocol is used for telling nodes when to reload their
                 workload description from the centralized service.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Heege:2007:ECC,
  author =       "Marcus Heege",
  title =        "Expert {C++\slash CLI}: {.NET} for {Visual C++}
                 programmers",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 330",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-59059-756-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59059-756-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.C153 H44 2007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:37 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "The expert's voice in .NET; Books for professionals by
                 professionals",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "C++/CLI (Computer program language); C++ (Computer
                 program language); Microsoft .NET",
}

@Article{Henzinger:2007:EMP,
  author =       "Thomas A. Henzinger and Christoph M. Kirsch",
  title =        "The embedded machine: {Predictable}, portable
                 real-time code",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "33:1--33:29",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1286821.1286824",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 11 19:22:40 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/toplas/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The Embedded Machine is a virtual machine that
                 mediates in real time the interaction between software
                 processes and physical processes. It separates the
                 compilation of embedded programs into two phases. The
                 first phase, the platform-independent compiler phase,
                 generates E code (code executed by the Embedded
                 Machine), which supervises the timing, not the
                 scheduling of, application tasks relative to external
                 events such as clock ticks and sensor interrupts. E
                 code is portable and, given an input behavior, exhibits
                 predictable (i.e., deterministic) timing and output
                 behavior. The second phase, the platform-dependent
                 compiler phase, checks the time safety of the E code,
                 that is, whether platform performance (determined by
                 the hardware) and platform utilization (determined by
                 the scheduler of the operating system) enable its
                 timely execution. We have used the Embedded Machine to
                 compile and execute high-performance control
                 applications written in Giotto, such as the flight
                 control system of an autonomous model helicopter.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "33",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
}

@Book{Juola:2007:PCO,
  author =       "Patrick Juola",
  title =        "Principles of computer organization and assembly
                 language: using the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  publisher =    "Pearson/Prentice Hall",
  address =      "Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA",
  pages =        "xv + 317",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "0-13-148683-7 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-148683-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C643 J96 2007",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:01:37 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip073/2006034154.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "computer organization; assembler language (computer
                 program language); Java Virtual Machine",
}

@MastersThesis{Karcher:2007:VDX,
  author =       "Ren{\'e} Karcher",
  title =        "{Virtualisierte DMZ auf Xen-Basis: OpenQRM und Xen}",
  type =         "Diplomarbeit",
  school =       "Fachhochschule f{\"u}r Oekonomie und Management",
  address =      "Essen, Germany",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "3-8366-6199-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8366-6199-7",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:43:19 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kim:2007:VPR,
  author =       "Hyesoon Kim and Jos{\'e} A. Joao and Onur Mutlu and
                 Chang Joo Lee and Yale N. Patt and Robert Cohn",
  title =        "{VPC} prediction: reducing the cost of indirect
                 branches via hardware-based dynamic devirtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "424--435",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1250662.1250715",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 17 11:48:43 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Indirect branches have become increasingly common in
                 modular programs written in modern object-oriented
                 languages and virtual machine based runtime systems.
                 Unfortunately, the prediction accuracy of indirect
                 branches has not improved as much as that of
                 conditional branches. Furthermore, previously proposed
                 indirect branch predictors usually require a
                 significant amount of extra hardware storage and
                 complexity, which makes them less attractive to
                 implement.\par

                 This paper proposes a new technique for handling
                 indirect branches, called Virtual Program Counter (VPC)
                 prediction. The key idea of VPC prediction is to treat
                 a single indirect branch as multiple virtual
                 conditional branches in hardware for prediction
                 purposes. Our technique predicts each of the virtual
                 conditional branches using the existing conditional
                 branch prediction hardware. Thus, no separate storage
                 structure is required for predicting indirect branch
                 targets.\par

                 Our evaluation shows that VPC prediction improves
                 average performance by 26.7\% compared to a
                 commonly-used branch target buffer based predictor on
                 12 indirect branch intensive applications. VPC
                 prediction achieves the performance improvement
                 provided by at least a 12KB (and usually a 192KB)
                 tagged target cache predictor on half of the examined
                 applications. We show that VPC prediction can be used
                 with any existing conditional branch prediction
                 mechanism and that the accuracy of VPC prediction
                 improves when a more accurate conditional branch
                 predictor is used.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  keywords =     "devirtualization; indirect branch prediction; virtual
                 functions",
}

@Article{Laadan:2007:DPV,
  author =       "Oren Laadan and Ricardo A. Baratto and Dan B. Phung
                 and Shaya Potter and Jason Nieh",
  title =        "{DejaView}: a personal virtual computer recorder",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "279--292",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1323293.1294289",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:18:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As users interact with the world and their peers
                 through their computers, it is becoming important to
                 archive and later search the information that they have
                 viewed. We present DejaView, a personal virtual
                 computer recorder that provides a complete record of a
                 desktop computing experience that a user can playback,
                 browse, search, and revive seamlessly. DejaView records
                 visual output, checkpoints corresponding application
                 and file system state, and captures displayed text with
                 contextual information to index the record. A user can
                 then browse and search the record for any visual
                 information that has been displayed on the desktop, and
                 revive and interact with the desktop computing state
                 corresponding to any point in the record. DejaView
                 combines display, operating system, and file system
                 virtualization to provide its functionality
                 transparently without any modifications to
                 applications, window systems, or operating system
                 kernels. We have implemented DejaView and evaluated its
                 performance on real-world desktop applications. Our
                 results demonstrate that DejaView can provide
                 continuous low-overhead recording without any user
                 noticeable performance degradation, and allows
                 browsing, search and playback of records fast enough
                 for interactive use.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "desktop search; virtualization",
}

@Article{Laureano:2007:PHB,
  author =       "M. Laureano and C. Maziero and E. Jamhour",
  title =        "Protecting host-based intrusion detectors through
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1275--1283",
  day =          "11",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 2 08:42:17 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
}

@Article{Muller:2007:VMS,
  author =       "Ren{\'e} M{\"u}ller and Gustavo Alonso and Donald
                 Kossmann",
  title =        "A virtual machine for sensor networks",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "145--158",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1272998.1273013",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:16:31 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Sensor networks are increasingly being deployed for a
                 wide variety of tasks. Today, in these networks, the
                 development, deployment, and maintenance of
                 applications are performed largely ad-hoc. Existing
                 platforms help somewhat but also introduce implicit
                 trade-offs. In one extreme, low-level programming
                 platforms and languages make programming cumbersome and
                 error-prone. In the other extreme, declarative
                 approaches greatly facilitate programming but restrict
                 what can be done. In both cases, additional limitations
                 include lack of support for concurrency, difficulties
                 in changing applications, and insufficient abstractions
                 from low-level details. This paper presents SwissQM, a
                 virtual machine designed to address all these
                 limitations. SwissQM offers a platform-independent
                 programming abstraction that is geared towards data
                 acquisition and in-network data processing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "efficient bytecode representation; query processing;
                 SwissQM; virtual machine; wireless sensor networks",
}

@Article{Nathuji:2007:VCP,
  author =       "Ripal Nathuji and Karsten Schwan",
  title =        "{VirtualPower}: coordinated power management in
                 virtualized enterprise systems",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "265--278",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1294261.1294287",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:18:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Power management has become increasingly necessary in
                 large-scale datacenters to address costs and
                 limitations in cooling or power delivery. This paper
                 explores how to integrate power management mechanisms
                 and policies with the virtualization technologies being
                 actively deployed in these environments. The goals of
                 the proposed VirtualPower approach to online power
                 management are (i) to support the isolated and
                 independent operation assumed by guest virtual machines
                 (VMs) running on virtualized platforms and (ii) to make
                 it possible to control and globally coordinate the
                 effects of the diverse power management policies
                 applied by these VMs to virtualized resources. To
                 attain these goals, VirtualPower extends to guest VMs
                 `soft' versions of the hardware power states for which
                 their policies are designed. The resulting technical
                 challenge is to appropriately map VM-level updates made
                 to soft power states to actual changes in the states or
                 in the allocation of underlying virtualized hardware.
                 An implementation of VirtualPower Management (VPM) for
                 the Xen hypervisor addresses this challenge by
                 provision of multiple system-level abstractions
                 including VPM states, channels, mechanisms, and rules.
                 Experimental evaluations on modern multicore platforms
                 highlight resulting improvements in online power
                 management capabilities, including minimization of
                 power consumption with little or no performance
                 penalties and the ability to throttle power consumption
                 while still meeting application requirements. Finally,
                 coordination of online methods for server consolidation
                 with VPM management techniques in heterogeneous server
                 systems is shown to provide up to 34\% improvements in
                 power consumption.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "power management; virtualization",
}

@Article{Padala:2007:ACV,
  author =       "Pradeep Padala and Kang G. Shin and Xiaoyun Zhu and
                 Mustafa Uysal and Zhikui Wang and Sharad Singhal and
                 Arif Merchant and Kenneth Salem",
  title =        "Adaptive control of virtualized resources in utility
                 computing environments",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "289--302",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1272998.1273026",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:16:31 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Data centers are often under-utilized due to
                 over-provisioning as well as time-varying resource
                 demands of typical enterprise applications. One
                 approach to increase resource utilization is to
                 consolidate applications in a shared infrastructure
                 using virtualization. Meeting application-level quality
                 of service (QoS) goals becomes a challenge in a
                 consolidated environment as application resource needs
                 differ. Furthermore, for multi-tier applications, the
                 amount of resources needed to achieve their QoS goals
                 might be different at each tier and may also depend on
                 availability of resources in other tiers. In this
                 paper, we develop an adaptive resource control system
                 that dynamically adjusts the resource shares to
                 individual tiers in order to meet application-level QoS
                 goals while achieving high resource utilization in the
                 data center. Our control system is developed using
                 classical control theory, and we used a black-box
                 system modeling approach to overcome the absence of
                 first principle models for complex enterprise
                 applications and systems. To evaluate our controllers,
                 we built a testbed simulating a virtual data center
                 using Xen virtual machines. We experimented with two
                 multi-tier applications in this virtual data center: a
                 two-tier implementation of RUBiS, an online auction
                 site, and a two-tier Java implementation of TPC-W. Our
                 results indicate that the proposed control system is
                 able to maintain high resource utilization and meets
                 QoS goals in spite of varying resource demands from the
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "application QoS; control theory; data center; resource
                 utilization; server consolidation; virtualization",
}

@TechReport{Padala:2007:PEV,
  author =       "Pradeep Padala and Xiaoyun Zhu and Zhikui Wang and
                 Sharad Singhal and Kang G. Shin",
  title =        "Performance Evaluation of Virtualization Technologies
                 for Server Consolidation",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "HPL-2007-59",
  institution =  "Enterprise Systems and Software Laboratory, HP
                 Laboratories",
  address =      "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
  day =          "11",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 15 15:09:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2007/HPL-2007-59.pdf",
  abstract =     "Server consolidation has become an integral part of IT
                 planning to reduce cost and improve efficiency in
                 today's enterprise data centers. The advent of
                 virtualization allows consolidation of multiple
                 applications into virtual containers hosted on a single
                 or multiple physical servers. However, this poses new
                 challenges, including choosing the right virtualization
                 technology and consolidation configuration for a
                 particular set of applications. In this paper, we
                 evaluate two representative virtualization
                 technologies, Xen and OpenVZ, in various
                 configurations. We consolidate one or more multi-tiered
                 systems onto one or two nodes and drive the system with
                 an auction workload called RUBiS. We compare both
                 technologies with a base system in terms of application
                 performance, resource consumption, scalability,
                 low-level system metrics like cache misses and
                 virtualization-specific metrics like Domain-0
                 consumption in Xen. Our experiments indicate that the
                 average response time can increase by over 400\% in Xen
                 and only a modest 100\% in OpenVZ as the number of
                 application instances grows from one to four. This
                 large discrepancy is caused by the higher
                 virtualization overhead in Xen, which is likely due to
                 higher L2 cache misses and misses per instruction. A
                 similar trend is observed in CPU consumptions of
                 virtual containers. We present an overhead analysis
                 with kernel-symbol-specific information generated by
                 Oprofile.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Payne:2007:LAS,
  author =       "Bryan D. Payne and Reiner Sailer and Ram{\'o}n
                 C{\'a}ceres and Ron Perez and Wenke Lee",
  title =        "A layered approach to simplified access control in
                 virtualized systems",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12--19",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1278901.1278905",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:17:50 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this work, we show how the abstraction layer
                 created by a hypervisor, or virtual machine monitor,
                 can be leveraged to reduce the complexity of mandatory
                 access control policies throughout the system. Policies
                 governing access control decisions in today's systems
                 are complex and monolithic. Achieving strong security
                 guarantees often means restricting usability across the
                 entire system, which is a primary reason why mandatory
                 access controls are rarely deployed. Our architecture
                 uses a hypervisor and multiple virtual machines to
                 decompose policies into multiple layers. This
                 simplifies the policies and their enforcement, while
                 minimizing the overall impact of security on the
                 system. We show that the overhead of decomposing system
                 policies into distinct policies for each layer can be
                 negligible. Our initial implementation confirms that
                 such layering leads to simpler security policies and
                 enforcement mechanisms as well as a more robust layered
                 trusted computing base. We hope that this work serves
                 to start a dialog regarding the use of mandatory access
                 controls within a hypervisor for both increasing
                 security and improving manageability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "information flow; layering; mandatory access control;
                 policy; security; virtualization",
}

@Article{Permandla:2007:TSP,
  author =       "Pratibha Permandla and Michael Roberson and
                 Chandrasekhar Boyapati",
  title =        "A type system for preventing data races and deadlocks
                 in the {Java Virtual Machine} language: 1",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "10--10",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1254766.1254768",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 10:57:50 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In previous work on SafeJava we presented a type
                 system extension to the Java source language that
                 statically prevents data races and deadlocks in
                 multithreaded programs. SafeJava is expressive enough
                 to support common programming patterns, its type
                 checking is fast and scalable, and it requires little
                 programming overhead. SafeJava thus offers a promising
                 approach for making multithreaded programs more
                 reliable. This paper presents a corresponding type
                 system extension for the Java virtual machine language
                 (JVML). We call the resulting language SafeJVML.
                 Well-typed SafeJVML programs are guaranteed to be free
                 of data races and deadlocks. Designing a corresponding
                 type system for JVML is important because most Java
                 code is shipped in the JVML format. Designing a
                 corresponding type system for JVML is nontrivial
                 because of important differences between Java and JVML.
                 In particular, the absence of block structure in JVML
                 programs and the fact that they do not use named local
                 variables the way Java programs do make the type
                 systems for Java and JVML significantly different. For
                 example, verifying absence of races and deadlocks in
                 JVML programs requires performing an alias analysis,
                 something that was not necessary for verifying absence
                 of races and deadlocks in Java programs. This paper
                 presents static and dynamic semantics for Safe JVML. It
                 also includes a proof that the SafeJVML type system is
                 sound and that it prevents data races and deadlocks. To
                 the best of our knowledge, this is the first type
                 system for JVML that statically ensures absence of
                 synchronization errors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "data races; deadlocks; ownership types; SafeJava",
}

@Article{Quetier:2007:SCF,
  author =       "Benjamin Qu{\'e}tier and Vincent Neri and Franck
                 Cappello",
  title =        "Scalability Comparison of Four Host Virtualization
                 Tools",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--98",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-006-9052-6",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 9 17:01:30 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1570-7873&volume=5&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=1570-7873&volume=5&issue=1&spage=83",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
  keywords =     "Key words; overhead evaluation; performance
                 comparison; scalability; virtual machines",
}

@Article{Ramamurthy:2007:PDE,
  author =       "Pratap Ramamurthy and Ramanathan Palaniappan",
  title =        "Performance-directed energy management using {{\em
                 BOS\/}}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--77",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1228291.1228307",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:15:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the major challenges in today's computing world
                 is energy management in portable devices and servers.
                 Power management is essential to increase battery life.
                 High end server systems use large clusters of machines
                 that consume enormous amount of power. Past research
                 has devised both software and hardware techniques to
                 memory energy management but has overlooked the
                 performance of applications in such environments. The
                 result is that some of these techniques slowed down an
                 application by 835\%. In this paper, we look at
                 software techniques for memory energy management
                 without compromising on performance. The paper
                 conceives of a new approach called BOS --- Ballooning
                 in the OS inspired from the VMware ESX server. The BOS
                 approach consists of a kernel daemon which continuously
                 monitors the accesses to memory chips and disk I/O.
                 Based on the profiled information, the BOS daemon
                 decides about powering down/up chips. Powering down is
                 emulated within the kernel using mechanisms such as
                 page migration and invisible buddy. Results indicate
                 that chips with more allocated pages may not always be
                 the most frequently accessed ones. A study has been
                 done analyzing the effect of decreased memory size on
                 disk activity and based on the study, a threshold based
                 policy is proposed which is found to settle in the
                 operating point for a simple application. A single page
                 migration incurs a cost of approximately 134$ \mu $ s
                 and is one of the bottlenecks in the BOS approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Roussos:2007:SVG,
  author =       "Kostadis Roussos",
  title =        "Storage virtualization gets smart",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "38--44",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1317394.1317404",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 11:17:39 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The days of overprovisioned, underutilized storage
                 resources might soon become a thing of the past.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
}

@Book{Rule:2007:HCC,
  author =       "David Rule",
  title =        "How to Cheat at Configuring {VMware ESX Server}",
  publisher =    pub-SYNGRESS,
  address =      pub-SYNGRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 372",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-59749-194-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59749-194-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 H69 2007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9781597491945",
  abstract =     "This book will detail the default and custom
                 installation of VMwares ESX server as well as basic and
                 advanced virtual machine configurations. It will then
                 walk the reader through post installation
                 configurations including installation and configuration
                 of VirtualCenter. From here, readers will learn to
                 efficiently create and deploy virtual machine
                 templates. Best practices for securing and backing up
                 your virtual environment are also provided. The book
                 concludes with a series of handy, time-saving command
                 and configuration for: bash shell keystrokes, Linux
                 commands, configuration files, common/proc files,
                 VMware ESX commands, and troubleshooting.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; Operating systems (Computers); Virtual
                 computer systems",
  tableofcontents = "Chapter 1: VirtualCenter Overview \\
                 Chapter 2: ESX Installation \\
                 Chapter 3: ESX Post Install Configuration \\
                 Chapter 4: Installing VirtualCenter -- Chapter 5:
                 VirtualCenter Configuration \\
                 Chapter 6: Creating a new virtual server \\
                 Chapter 7: Creating Virtual Machine Templates \\
                 Chapter 8: Deploying Virtual Machines from templates
                 \\
                 Chapter 9: Security Model \\
                 Chapter 10: Backup Process \\
                 Chapter 11: Best Practices \\
                 Chapter 12: Updating the ESX operating system. \\
                 Chapter 13: ESX Command and configuration Tips..",
}

@Article{Sedighi:2007:EV,
  author =       "Art Sedighi",
  title =        "Editorial: Virtualization",
  journal =      j-SCPE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "i--ii",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1895-1767",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 2 11:55:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.scpe.org/content/8/2.toc",
  URL =          "http://www.scpe.org/vols/vol08/no2/vol08no2editorial.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Sivakumar:2007:CCA,
  author =       "Nishant Sivakumar",
  title =        "{C++\slash CLI} in action",
  publisher =    pub-MANNING,
  address =      pub-MANNING:adr,
  pages =        "xxiii + 391",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-932394-81-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-932394-81-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.C153 S52 2007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:37 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "C++ (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Skapinetz:2007:VBT,
  author =       "Kevin Skapinetz",
  title =        "Virtualisation as a blackhat tool",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "2007",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "4--7",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(07)70092-2",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 16:59:44 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485807700922",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Soltesz:2007:CBO,
  author =       "Stephen Soltesz and Herbert P{\"o}tzl and Marc E.
                 Fiuczynski and Andy Bavier and Larry Peterson",
  title =        "Container-based operating system virtualization: a
                 scalable, high-performance alternative to hypervisors",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "275--287",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1272998.1273025",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:16:31 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Hypervisors, popularized by Xen and VMware, are
                 quickly becoming commodity. They are appropriate for
                 many usage scenarios, but there are scenarios that
                 require system virtualization with high degrees of both
                 isolation and efficiency. Examples include HPC
                 clusters, the Grid, hosting centers, and PlanetLab. We
                 present an alternative to hypervisors that is better
                 suited to such scenarios. The approach is a synthesis
                 of prior work on resource containers and security
                 containers applied to general-purpose, time-shared
                 operating systems. Examples of such container-based
                 systems include Solaris 10, Virtuozzo for Linux, and
                 Linux-VServer. As a representative instance of
                 container-based systems, this paper describes the
                 design and implementation of Linux-VServer. In
                 addition, it contrasts the architecture of
                 Linux-VServer with current generations of Xen, and
                 shows how Linux-VServer provides comparable support for
                 isolation and superior system efficiency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "alternative; container; hypervisor; Linux-VServer;
                 operating; system; virtualization; Xen",
}

@Book{Sprang:2007:XVL,
  editor =       "Henning Sprang",
  title =        "{Xen: Virtualisierung unter Linux}. ({German}) [{Xen}:
                 Virtualization under {Linux}]",
  publisher =    "Open Source Press",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, Germany",
  pages =        "350",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "3-937514-29-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-937514-29-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:05:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2809360",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Linux; Xen 3",
}

@Article{Srikrishnan:2007:SFA,
  author =       "J. Srikrishnan and S. Amann and G. Banzhaf and F. W.
                 Brice and R. Dugan and G. R. Frazier and G. P. Kuch and
                 J. Leopold",
  title =        "Sharing {FCP} adapters through virtualization",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1/2",
  pages =        "103--118",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 20:31:06 MST 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/511/srikrishnan.html",
  abstract =     "The IBM System z9e and its predecessors pioneered
                 server virtualization, including the sharing of data
                 storage subsystems among the virtual servers of a host
                 computer using the channel- sharing capabilities of
                 FICON channels in Fibre Channel (FC) fabrics. Now
                 industry-standard Small Computer System Interface
                 (SCSI) devices in storage area networks must be shared
                 among host computers using the Fibre Channel Protocol
                 (FCP), and this has been problematic with virtual
                 servers in a host computer. To apply the power of
                 server virtualization to this environment, the IBM
                 System z9 implements a new FC standard called N_Port
                 Identifier Virtualization (NPIV). IBM invented NPIV and
                 offered it as a standard to enable the sharing of host
                 adapters in IBM servers and FC fabrics. With NPIV, a
                 host FC adapter is shared in such a way that each
                 virtual adapter is assigned to a virtual server and is
                 separately identifiable within the fabric. Connectivity
                 and access privileges within the fabric are controlled
                 by identification of each virtual adapter and, hence,
                 the virtual server using each virtual adapter. This
                 paper describes the problem prior to the development of
                 NPIV, the concept of NPIV, and the first implementation
                 of this technique in the FCP channel of the IBM System
                 z9.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
  ordernumber =  "????",
}

@Article{Stanik:2007:NVR,
  author =       "John Stanik",
  title =        "News 2.0: Virtualization Reconsidered; The Power of
                 {PS3}; {Anti-P2P} Software Targets Universities",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10--10",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1242489.1242493",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 11:15:55 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Taking a second look at the news so you don't have
                 to",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
}

@Article{Stoess:2007:TEU,
  author =       "Jan Stoess",
  title =        "Towards effective user-controlled scheduling for
                 microkernel-based systems",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "59--68",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1278901.1278910",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:17:50 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With $ \mu $-kernel based systems becoming more and
                 more prevalent, the demand for extensible resource
                 management raises - and with it the demand for flexible
                 thread scheduling. In this paper, we investigate the
                 benefits and costs of a $ \mu $-kernel that exports
                 scheduling from the kernel to user level. A key idea of
                 our approach is to involve the user level whenever the
                 $ \mu $-kernel encounters a situation that is ambiguous
                 with respect to scheduling, and to permit the kernel to
                 resolve the ambiguity based on user decisions. A
                 further key aspect is that we rely on a generic,
                 protection domain neutral interface between kernel and
                 applications.\par

                 For evaluation, we have developed a hierarchical user
                 level scheduling architecture for the L4 $ \mu
                 $-kernel, and a virtualization environment running on
                 its top. Our environment supports Linux 2.6.9 guest
                 operating systems on IA-32 processors. Experiments
                 indicate an application overhead between 0 and 10
                 percent compared to a pure in-kernel scheduler
                 solution, but also demonstrate that our architecture
                 enables effective and accurate user-directed
                 scheduling.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Syropoulos:2007:PMV,
  author =       "Apostolos Syropoulos",
  title =        "{$ \Pi $} machines: virtual machines realizing graph
                 structured transition {P} systems",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "15--22",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341752.1341754",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 11:02:09 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "P systems is a model of computation inspired by the
                 way cells live and function. A typical P system
                 consists of nested compartments surrounded by porous
                 membranes, which contain data that are transformed by
                 transformation rules. P systems can be simulated by a
                 distributed computing system, where each compartment of
                 a given system is simulated by a (remote) process, each
                 running on a different node. By adopting a more
                 'liberal' membrane structure where compartments do not
                 necessarily form a tree-structure but a
                 graph-structure, we get a more general model of
                 computation, which we call graph structured P systems.
                 Any instance of the new model can be implemented by a
                 network of virtual machines, called $ \pi $ machines,
                 where each machine is able to implement the
                 functionality of any simple compartment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "distributed computing; graph structured P systems;
                 virtual machines",
}

@Article{Uhlig:2007:MKS,
  author =       "Volkmar Uhlig",
  title =        "The mechanics of in-kernel synchronization for a
                 scalable microkernel",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--58",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1278901.1278909",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:17:50 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Systems with minimal kernels address the problem of
                 ever-increasing system software complexity by strict
                 separation of resource permission management and
                 resource policies into different trust domains. Lately,
                 such system structure has found wide attention in the
                 research community and industry in the form of
                 hypervisors and virtual machines.\par

                 With an increasing number of processors, these systems
                 face a scalability problem. The separation eliminates
                 semantic information about the expected parallelism for
                 individual resources, such as memory pages or
                 processors. Hence, the kernel is unable to optimize its
                 synchronization primitives on a case-by-case basis---a
                 precondition for a scalable, yet well-performing
                 system.\par

                 In this paper we present an adaptive synchronization
                 scheme, one of the core building block for scalable
                 microkernels. Herewith, unprivileged components (like
                 virtual machines) can express the degree of concurrency
                 at the granularity of individual resources. The kernel
                 can safely adapt and optimize its internal
                 synchronization regime on a case-by-case basis as we
                 show exemplary for inter-process communication and the
                 memory management subsystem of an L4 microkernel.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Venstermans:2007:JOH,
  author =       "Kris Venstermans and Lieven Eeckhout and Koen {De
                 Bosschere}",
  title =        "{Java} object header elimination for reduced memory
                 consumption in 64-bit virtual machines",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1275937.1275941",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 11:41:20 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Memory performance is an important design issue for
                 contemporary computer systems given the huge
                 processor/memory speed gap. This paper proposes a
                 space-efficient Java object model for reducing the
                 memory consumption of 64-bit Java virtual machines. We
                 completely eliminate the object header through typed
                 virtual addressing (TVA) or implicit typing. TVA
                 encodes the object type in the object's virtual address
                 by allocating all objects of a given type in a
                 contiguous memory segment. This allows for removing the
                 type information as well as the status field from the
                 object header. Whenever type and status information is
                 needed, masking is applied to the object's virtual
                 address for obtaining an offset into type and status
                 information structures. Unlike previous work on
                 implicit typing, we apply TVA to a selected number of
                 frequently allocated object types, hence, the name
                 selective TVA (STVA); this limits the amount of memory
                 fragmentation. In addition to applying STVA, we also
                 compress the type information block (TIB) pointers for
                 all objects that do not fall under TVA. We implement
                 the space-efficient Java object model in the 64-bit
                 version of the Jikes RVM on an AIX IBM platform and
                 compare its performance against the traditionally used
                 Java object model using a multitude of Java benchmarks.
                 We conclude that the space-efficient Java object model
                 reduces memory consumption by on average 15\% (and up
                 to 45\% for some benchmarks). About one-half the
                 reduction comes from TIB pointer compression; the other
                 one-half comes from STVA. In terms of performance, the
                 space-efficient object model generally does not affect
                 performance; however, for some benchmarks we observe
                 statistically significant performance speedups, up to
                 20\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
  keywords =     "64-bit implementation; implicit typing; Java object
                 model; typed virtual addressing; Virtual machine",
}

@Book{Warnke:2007:QVC,
  author =       "Robert Warnke and Thomas Ritzau",
  title =        "{QEMU virtuelle Computer f{\"u}r viele
                 Betriebssysteme; QEMU Version 0.9.0}. ({German})
                 [{QEMU} virtual computer for many operating systems]",
  publisher =    "Books on Demand GmbH",
  address =      "Norderstedt",
  pages =        "292",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "3-8370-0876-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8370-0876-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://d-nb.info/986260371/04",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Qemu",
}

@Book{Williams:2007:VXI,
  author =       "David E. Williams and Juan R. Garcia",
  title =        "Virtualization with {Xen}: including {XenEnterprise},
                 {XenServer}, and {XenExpress}",
  publisher =    pub-SYNGRESS,
  address =      pub-SYNGRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xx + 364",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-59749-167-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59749-167-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 W55 2007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:05:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0745/2007278278-d.html",
  abstract =     "Complete Coverage of Xen, Including Version 3.2.
                 Virtualization with Xen is the first book to
                 demonstrate to readers how to install, administer, and
                 maintain a virtual infrastructure based on XenSources
                 latest release, Xen 3.2. It discusses best practices
                 for setting up a Xen environment correctly the first
                 time, maximizing the utilization of server assets while
                 taking advantage of the fastest and most secure
                 enterprise-grade paravirtualization architecture. It
                 covers both basic and advanced topics, such as planning
                 and installation, physical-to-virtual migrations,
                 virtual machine provisioning, resource management, and
                 monitoring and troubleshooting guests and Xen hosts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Virtual LANs; Xen 3",
}

@Article{Wires:2007:SFS,
  author =       "Jake Wires and Michael J. Feeley",
  title =        "Secure file system versioning at the block level",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "203--215",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1272996.1273018",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:16:31 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In typical file systems, valuable data is vulnerable
                 to being accidentally or maliciously deleted or
                 overwritten. Versioning file systems protect data from
                 accidents by transparently retaining old versions, but
                 do less well in protecting data from malicious attack.
                 These systems remain vulnerable to attackers who gain
                 unauthorized access to prune old file versions, who
                 bypass the file system to directly manipulate storage,
                 or who exploit bugs in any part of the operating
                 system.\par

                 This paper presents VDisk, a secure, block-level
                 versioning system that adds file-grain versioning to a
                 standard, unmodified file system. VDisk consists of a
                 set of untrusted user-mode tools and a trusted, secure
                 kernel that is implemented within an isolated Xen
                 virtual machine domain. The secure kernel is designed
                 to be simple and thus trustworthy. This kernel logs
                 file-system updates to a secure log, exports a
                 read-only view of the log to the rest of the system and
                 securely removes unwanted versions from the log. Secure
                 cleaning is implemented in a two-level manner. An
                 untrusted, user-mode cleaner selects log entries for
                 reclamation and submits cleaning requests to the
                 trusted VDisk kernel along with a proof that the
                 request satisfies the device's version-retention
                 policy. The secure kernel verifies the proof and
                 updates the log.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Zhang:2007:DIB,
  author =       "Guangyan Zhang and Jiwu Shu and Wei Xue and Weimin
                 Zheng",
  title =        "Design and Implementation of an Out-of-Band
                 Virtualization System for Large {SANs}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1654--1665",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2007.70765",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 4 15:03:42 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4358222",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Zhao:2007:UVM,
  author =       "Xin Zhao and Kevin Borders and Atul Prakash",
  title =        "Using a virtual machine to protect sensitive {Grid}
                 resources",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "1917--1935",
  day =          "25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1134",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 5 10:08:16 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                 Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "14 Nov 2006",
}

@Article{Berger:2008:TMS,
  author =       "Stefan Berger and Ram{\'o}n C{\'a}ceres and Dimitrios
                 Pendarakis and Reiner Sailer and Enriquillo Valdez and
                 Ronald Perez and Wayne Schildhauer and Deepa
                 Srinivasan",
  title =        "{TVDc}: managing security in the trusted virtual
                 datacenter",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "40--47",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341312.1341321",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:19:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization technology is becoming increasingly
                 common in datacenters, since it allows for collocation
                 of multiple workloads, consisting of operating systems,
                 middleware and applications, in different virtual
                 machines (VMs) on shared physical hardware platforms.
                 However, when coupled with the ease of VM migration,
                 this trend increases the potential surface for security
                 attacks. Further, the simplified management of VMs,
                 including creation, cloning and migration, makes it
                 imperative to monitor and guarantee the integrity of
                 software components running within VMs.\par

                 This paper presents the IBM Trusted Virtual Datacenter
                 (TVDc) technology developed to address the need for
                 strong isolation and integrity guarantees, thus
                 significantly enhancing security and systems management
                 capabilities, in virtualized environments. It signifies
                 the first effort to incorporate trusted computing
                 technologies directly into virtualization and systems
                 management software. We present and discuss various
                 components that constitute TVDc: the Trusted Platform
                 Module (TPM), the virtual TPM, the IBM hypervisor
                 security architecture (sHype) and the associated
                 systems management software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "integrity; isolation; mandatory access control;
                 security; virtual trusted platform module;
                 virtualization",
}

@Article{Bhargava:2008:ATD,
  author =       "Ravi Bhargava and Benjamin Serebrin and Francesco
                 Spadini and Srilatha Manne",
  title =        "Accelerating two-dimensional page walks for
                 virtualized systems",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26--35",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1346281.1346286",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:20:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Nested paging is a hardware solution for alleviating
                 the software memory management overhead imposed by
                 system virtualization. Nested paging complements
                 existing page walk hardware to form a two-dimensional
                 (2D) page walk, which reduces the need for hypervisor
                 intervention in guest page table management. However,
                 the extra dimension also increases the maximum number
                 of architecturally-required page table
                 references.\par

                 This paper presents an in-depth examination of the 2D
                 page table walk overhead and options for decreasing it.
                 These options include using the AMD Opteron processor's
                 page walk cache to exploit the strong reuse of page
                 entry references. For a mix of server and SPEC
                 benchmarks, the presented results show a 15\%-38\%
                 improvement in guest performance by extending the
                 existing page walk cache to also store the nested
                 dimension of the 2D page walk. Caching nested page
                 table translations and skipping multiple page entry
                 references produce an additional 3\%-7\%
                 improvement.\par

                 Much of the remaining 2D page walk overhead is due to
                 low-locality nested page entry references, which result
                 in additional memory hierarchy misses. By using large
                 pages, the hypervisor can eliminate many of these
                 long-latency accesses and further improve the guest
                 performance by 3\%-22\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "AMD; hypervisor; memory management; nested paging;
                 page walk caching; TLB; virtual machine monitor;
                 virtualization",
}

@Article{Bhattiprolu:2008:VSC,
  author =       "Sukadev Bhattiprolu and Eric W. Biederman and Serge
                 Hallyn and Daniel Lezcano",
  title =        "Virtual servers and checkpoint\slash restart in
                 mainstream {Linux}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "104--113",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1400097.1400109",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 6 16:54:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual private servers and application checkpoint and
                 restart are two advanced operating system features
                 which place different but related requirements on the
                 way kernel-provided resources are accessed by
                 userspace. In Linux, kernel resources, such as process
                 IDs and SYSV shared messages, have traditionally been
                 identified using global tables. Since 2005, these
                 tables have gradually been transformed into per-process
                 namespaces in order to support both resource
                 availability on application restart and virtual private
                 server functionality. Due to inherent differences in
                 the resources themselves, the semantics of namespace
                 cloning differ for many of the resources. This paper
                 describes the existing and proposed namespaces as well
                 as their uses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "checkpoint; mobility; reliability; restart; security;
                 survivability; virtualization",
}

@Article{Bonardi:2008:PEM,
  author =       "Alain Bonardi and J{\'e}rome Barth{\'e}lemy",
  title =        "The preservation, emulation, migration, and
                 virtualization of live electronics for performing arts:
                 an overview of musical and technical issues",
  journal =      j-JOCCH,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1367080.1367086",
  ISSN =         "1556-4673 (print), 1556-4711 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-4711",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 15 17:48:24 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jocch/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jocch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (JOCCH)",
}

@Article{Burcea:2008:PV,
  author =       "Ioana Burcea and Stephen Somogyi and Andreas Moshovos
                 and Babak Falsafi",
  title =        "Predictor virtualization",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "157--167",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1346281.1346301",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:20:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Many hardware optimizations rely on collecting
                 information about program behavior at runtime. This
                 information is stored in lookup tables. To be accurate
                 and effective, these optimizations usually require
                 large dedicated on-chip tables. Although technology
                 advances offer an increased amount of on-chip
                 resources, these resources are allocated to increase
                 the size of on-chip conventional cache
                 hierarchies.\par

                 This work proposes Predictor Virtualization, a
                 technique that uses the existing memory hierarchy to
                 emulate large predictor tables. We demonstrate the
                 benefits of this technique by virtualizing a
                 state-of-the-art data prefetcher. Full-system,
                 cycle-accurate simulations demonstrate that the
                 virtualized prefetcher preserves the performance
                 benefits of the original design, while reducing the
                 on-chip storage dedicated to the predictor table from
                 60KB down to less than one kilobyte.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "caches; memory hierarchy; metadata; predictor
                 virtualization",
}

@Article{Butrico:2008:SEE,
  author =       "Maria Butrico and Dilma {Da Silva} and Orran Krieger
                 and Michal Ostrowski and Bryan Rosenburg and Dan
                 Tsafrir and Eric {Van Hensbergen} and Robert W.
                 Wisniewski and Jimi Xenidis",
  title =        "Specialized execution environments",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--107",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341312.1341335",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:19:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization has become popular (again) as a means
                 of consolidating multiple operating systems (OSes) onto
                 a smaller set of hardware resources. The roles of OSes
                 in such environments have changed. Whereas normally an
                 OS provides balance between the demands of application
                 and hardware support, in the world of virtualization it
                 can be beneficial to split these roles. One OS may
                 support a particular application set and use other OSes
                 to interact with physical hardware. The hypervisor, or
                 virtualization layer, provides communication facilities
                 for the inter-OS communication needed to support such a
                 deployment model.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Carbone:2008:TV,
  author =       "Martim Carbone and Diego Zamboni and Wenke Lee",
  title =        "Taming Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--67",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2008.24",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 3 12:03:38 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{Chen:2008:OVBa,
  author =       "Xiaoxin Chen and Tal Garfinkel and E. Christopher
                 Lewis and Pratap Subrahmanyam and Carl A. Waldspurger
                 and Dan Boneh and Jeffrey Dwoskin and Dan R. K. Ports",
  title =        "{Overshadow}: a virtualization-based approach to
                 retrofitting protection in commodity operating
                 systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2--13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1346281.1346284",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 17 11:51:35 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Commodity operating systems entrusted with securing
                 sensitive data are remarkably large and complex, and
                 consequently, frequently prone to compromise. To
                 address this limitation, we introduce a
                 virtual-machine-based system called Overshadow that
                 protects the privacy and integrity of application data,
                 even in the event of a total OS compromise. Overshadow
                 presents an application with a normal view of its
                 resources, but the OS with an encrypted view. This
                 allows the operating system to carry out the complex
                 task of managing an application's resources, without
                 allowing it to read or modify them. Thus, Overshadow
                 offers a last line of defense for application
                 data.\par

                 Overshadow builds on multi-shadowing, a novel mechanism
                 that presents different views of 'physical' memory,
                 depending on the context performing the access. This
                 primitive offers an additional dimension of protection
                 beyond the hierarchical protection domains implemented
                 by traditional operating systems and processor
                 architectures.\par

                 We present the design and implementation of Overshadow
                 and show how its new protection semantics can be
                 integrated with existing systems. Our design has been
                 fully implemented and used to protect a wide range of
                 unmodified legacy applications running on an unmodified
                 Linux operating system. We evaluate the performance of
                 our implementation, demonstrating that this approach is
                 practical.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  keywords =     "cloaking; hypervisors; memory protection;
                 multi-shadowing; operating systems; virtual machine
                 monitors; VMM",
}

@Article{Chen:2008:OVBb,
  author =       "Xiaoxin Chen and Tal Garfinkel and E. Christopher
                 Lewis and Pratap Subrahmanyam and Carl A. Waldspurger
                 and Dan Boneh and Jeffrey Dwoskin and Dan R. K. Ports",
  title =        "{Overshadow}: a virtualization-based approach to
                 retrofitting protection in commodity operating
                 systems",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "2--13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1346281.1346284",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:20:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Commodity operating systems entrusted with securing
                 sensitive data are remarkably large and complex, and
                 consequently, frequently prone to compromise. To
                 address this limitation, we introduce a
                 virtual-machine-based system called Overshadow that
                 protects the privacy and integrity of application data,
                 even in the event of a total OS compromise. Overshadow
                 presents an application with a normal view of its
                 resources, but the OS with an encrypted view. This
                 allows the operating system to carry out the complex
                 task of managing an application's resources, without
                 allowing it to read or modify them. Thus, Overshadow
                 offers a last line of defense for application
                 data.\par

                 Overshadow builds on multi-shadowing, a novel mechanism
                 that presents different views of `physical' memory,
                 depending on the context performing the access. This
                 primitive offers an additional dimension of protection
                 beyond the hierarchical protection domains implemented
                 by traditional operating systems and processor
                 architectures.\par

                 We present the design and implementation of Overshadow
                 and show how its new protection semantics can be
                 integrated with existing systems. Our design has been
                 fully implemented and used to protect a wide range of
                 unmodified legacy applications running on an unmodified
                 Linux operating system. We evaluate the performance of
                 our implementation, demonstrating that this approach is
                 practical.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "cloaking; hypervisors; memory protection;
                 multi-shadowing; operating systems; virtual machine
                 monitors; VMM",
}

@Article{Chen:2008:OVBc,
  author =       "Xiaoxin Chen and Tal Garfinkel and E. Christopher
                 Lewis and Pratap Subrahmanyam and Carl A. Waldspurger
                 and Dan Boneh and Jeffrey Dwoskin and Dan R. K. Ports",
  title =        "{Overshadow}: a virtualization-based approach to
                 retrofitting protection in commodity operating
                 systems",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2--13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1346281.1346284",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 11:03:40 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Commodity operating systems entrusted with securing
                 sensitive data are remarkably large and complex, and
                 consequently, frequently prone to compromise. To
                 address this limitation, we introduce a
                 virtual-machine-based system called Overshadow that
                 protects the privacy and integrity of application data,
                 even in the event of a total OS compromise. Overshadow
                 presents an application with a normal view of its
                 resources, but the OS with an encrypted view. This
                 allows the operating system to carry out the complex
                 task of managing an application's resources, without
                 allowing it to read or modify them. Thus, Overshadow
                 offers a last line of defense for application
                 data.\par

                 Overshadow builds on multi-shadowing, a novel mechanism
                 that presents different views of 'physical' memory,
                 depending on the context performing the access. This
                 primitive offers an additional dimension of protection
                 beyond the hierarchical protection domains implemented
                 by traditional operating systems and processor
                 architectures.\par

                 We present the design and implementation of Overshadow
                 and show how its new protection semantics can be
                 integrated with existing systems. Our design has been
                 fully implemented and used to protect a wide range of
                 unmodified legacy applications running on an unmodified
                 Linux operating system. We evaluate the performance of
                 our implementation, demonstrating that this approach is
                 practical.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "cloaking; hypervisors; memory protection;
                 multi-shadowing; operating systems; virtual machine
                 monitors; VMM",
}

@Book{Chisnall:2008:DGX,
  author =       "David Chisnall",
  title =        "The Definitive Guide to the {Xen} Hypervisor",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xx + 286",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-13-234971-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 C427 2008",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 5 19:11:08 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Prentice Hall open source software development
                 series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "computer organization; parallel processing (electronic
                 computers); virtual computer systems; Xen (electronic
                 resource); Xen 3",
  tableofcontents = "I The Xen Virtual Machine / 1 \\
                 1 The State of Virtualization / 3 \\
                 1.1 What Is Virtualization? / 3 \\
                 1.1.1 CPU Virtualization / 4 \\
                 1.1.2 I/O Virtualization / 5 \\
                 1.2 Why Virtualize? / 7 \\
                 1.3 The First Virtual Machine / 8 \\
                 1.4 The Problem of x86 / 9 \\
                 1.5 Some Solutions / 9 \\
                 1.5.1 Binary Rewriting / 10 \\
                 1.5.2 Paravirtualization / 10 \\
                 1.5.3 Hardware-Assisted Virtualization / 13 \\
                 1.6 The Xen Philosophy / 15 \\
                 1.6.1 Separation of Policy and Mechanism / 15 \\
                 1.6.2 Less Is More / 15 \\
                 1.7 The Xen Architecture / 16 \\
                 1.7.1 The Hypervisor, the OS, and the Applications / 16
                 \\
                 1.7.2 The Rl6e of Domain 0 / 19 \\
                 1.7.3 Unprivileged Domains / 22 \\
                 1.7.4 HVM Domains / 22 \\
                 1.7.5 Xen Configurations / 23 \\
                 2 Exploring the Xen Virtual Architecture / 27 \\
                 2.1 Booting as a Paravirtualized Guest / 27 \\
                 2.2 Restricting Operations with Privilege Rings / 28
                 \\
                 2.3 Replacing Privileged Instructions with Hypercalls /
                 30 \\
                 2.4 Exploring the Xen Event Model / 33 \\
                 2.5 Communicating with Shared Memory / 34 \\
                 2.6 Split Device Driver Model / 35 \\
                 2.7 The VM Lifecycle / 37 \\
                 2.8 Exercise: The Simplest Xen Kernel / 38 \\
                 2.8.1 The Guest Entry Point / 40 \\
                 2.8.2 Putting It All Together / 43 \\
                 3 Understanding Shared Info Pages / 47 \\
                 3.1 Retrieving Boot Time Info / 47 \\
                 3.2 The Shared Info Page / 51 \\
                 3.3 Time Keeping in Xen / 53 \\
                 3.4 Exercise: Implementing gettimeofday() / 54 \\
                 4 Using Grant Tables / 59 \\
                 4.1 Sharing Memory / 59 \\
                 4.1.1 Mapping a Page Frame / 61 \\
                 4.1.2 Transferring Data between Domains / 63 \\
                 4.2 Device I/O Rings / 65 \\
                 4.3 Granting and Revoking Permissions / 66 \\
                 4.4 Exercise: Mapping a Granted Page / 69 \\
                 4.5 Exercise: Sharing Memory between VMs / 71 \\
                 5 Understanding Xen Memory Management / 75 \\
                 5.1 Managing Memory with x86 / 75 \\
                 5.2 Pseudo-Physical Memory Model / 78 \\
                 5.3 Segmenting on 32-bit x86 / 80 \\
                 5.4 Using Xen Memory Assists / 82 \\
                 5.5 Controlling Memory Usage with the Balloon Driver /
                 84 \\
                 5.6 Other Memory Operations / 86 \\
                 5.7 Updating the Page Tables / 89 \\
                 5.7.1 Creating a New VM Instance / 93 \\
                 5.7.2 Handling a Page Fault / 94 \\
                 5.7.3 Suspend, Resume, and Migration / 94 \\
                 5.8 Exercise: Mapping the Shared Info Page / 95 \\
                 II Device I/O / 97 \\
                 6 Understanding Device Drivers / 99 \\
                 6.1 The Split Driver Model / 100 \\
                 6.2 Moving Drivers out of Domain 0 / 102 \\
                 6.3 Understanding Shared Memory Ring Buffers / 103 \\
                 6.3.1 Examining the Xen Implementation / 105 \\
                 6.3.2 Ordering Operations with Memory Barriers / 107
                 \\
                 6.4 Connecting Devices with XenBus / 109 \\
                 6.5 Handling Notifications from Events / 111 \\
                 6.6 Configuring via the XenStore / 112 \\
                 6.7 Exercise: The Console Device / 112 \\
                 7 Using Event Channels / 119 \\
                 7.1 Events and Interrupts / 119 \\
                 7.2 Handling Traps / 120 \\
                 7.3 Event Types / 123 \\
                 7.4 Requesting Events / 124 \\
                 7.5 Binding an Event Channel to a VCPU / 127 \\
                 7.6 Operations on Bound Channels / 128 \\
                 7.7 Getting a Channel's Status / 129 \\
                 7.8 Masking Events / 130 \\
                 7.9 Events and Scheduling / 132 \\
                 7.10 Exercise: A Full Console Driver / 133 \\
                 8 Looking through the XenStore / 141 \\
                 8.1 The XenStore Interface / 141 \\
                 8.2 Navigating the XenStore / 142 \\
                 8.3 The XenStore Device / 145 \\
                 8.4 Reading and Writing a Key / 147 \\
                 8.4.1 The Userspace Way / 148 \\
                 8.4.2 From the Kernel / 150 \\
                 8.5 Other Operations / 158 \\
                 9 Supporting the Core Devices / 161 \\
                 9.1 The Virtual Block Device Driver / 161 \\
                 9.1.1 Setting Up the Block Device / 162 \\
                 9.1.2 Data Transfer / 165 \\
                 9.2 Using Xen Networking / 169 \\
                 9.2.1 The Virtual Network Interface Driver / 169 \\
                 9.2.2 Setting Up the Virtual Interface / 169 \\
                 9.2.3 Sending and Receiving / 170 \\
                 9.2.4 NetChannel2 / 174 \\
                 10 Other Xen Devices / 177 \\
                 10.1 CD Support / 177 \\
                 10.2 Virtual Frame Buffer / 178 \\
                 10.3 The TPM Driver / 183 \\
                 10.4 Native Hardware / 184 \\
                 10.4.1 PCI Support / 184 \\
                 10.4.2 USB Devices / 186 \\
                 10.5 Adding a New Device Type / 187 \\
                 10.5.1 Advertising the Device / 187 \\
                 10.5.2 Setting Up Ring Buffers / 188 \\
                 10.5.3 Difficulties / 189 \\
                 10.5.4 Accessing the Device / 191 \\
                 10.5.5 Designing the Back End / 191 \\
                 III Xen Internals / 195 \\
                 11 The Xen API / 197 \\
                 11.1 XM L-RPC / 198 \\
                 11.1.1 XML-RPC Data Types / 198 \\
                 11.1.2 Remote Procedure Calls / 199 \\
                 11.2 Exploring the Xen Interface Hierarchy / 200 \\
                 11.3 The Xen API Classes / 201 \\
                 11.3.1 The C Bindings / 203 \\
                 11.4 The Function of Xend / 206 \\
                 11.5 Xm Command Line / 208 \\
                 11.6 Xen CIM Providers / 209 \\
                 11.7 Exercise: Enumerating Running VMs / 210 \\
                 11.8 Sum m ary / 215 \\
                 12 Virtual Machine Scheduling / 217 \\
                 12.1 Overview of the Scheduler Interface / 218 \\
                 12.2 Historical Schedulers / 219 \\
                 12.2.1 SEDF / 221 \\
                 12.2.2 Credit Scheduler / 222 \\
                 12.3 Using the Scheduler API / 224 \\
                 12.3.1 Running a Scheduler / 225 \\
                 12.3.2 Domain 0 Interaction / 228 \\
                 12.4 Exercise: Adding a New Scheduler / 229 \\
                 12.5 Summary / 233 \\
                 13 HVM Support / 235 \\
                 13.1 Running Unmodified Operating Systems / 235 \\
                 13.2 Intel VT-x and AMD SVM / 237 \\
                 13.3 HVM Device Support / 239 \\
                 13.4 Hybrid Virtualization / 240 \\
                 13.5 Emulated BIOS / 244 \\
                 13.6 Device Models and Legacy I/O Emulation / 245 \\
                 13.7 Paravirtualized I/O / 246 \\
                 13.8 HVM Support in Xen / 248 \\
                 14 Future Directions / 253 \\
                 14.1 Real to Virtual, and Back Again / 253 \\
                 14.2 Emulation and Virtualization / 254 \\
                 14.3 Porting Efforts / 255 \\
                 14.4 The Desktop / 257 \\
                 14.5 Power Management / 259 \\
                 14.6 The Domain 0 Question / 261 \\
                 14.7 Stub Domains / 263 \\
                 14.8 New Devices / 264 \\
                 14.9 Unusual Architectures / 265 \\
                 14.10 The Big Picture / 267 \\
                 IV Appendix / 271 \\
                 PV Guest Porting Cheat Sheet / 273 \\
                 A.1 Domain Builder / 273 \\
                 A.2 Boot Environment / 274 \\
                 A.3 Setting Up the Virtual IDT / 274 \\
                 A.4 Page Table Management / 275 \\
                 A.5 Drivers / 276 \\
                 A.6 Domain 0 Responsibilities / 276 \\
                 A.7 Efficiency / 277 \\
                 A.8 Summary / 278",
}

@Article{Choi:2008:SHM,
  author =       "Yoonseo Choi and Hwansoo Han",
  title =        "Shared heap management for memory-limited {Java}
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1331331.1331337",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 12 15:22:00 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "One scarce resource in embedded systems is memory.
                 Multitasking makes the lack of memory problem even
                 worse. Most current embedded systems, which do not
                 provide virtual memory, simply divide physical memory
                 and evenly assign contiguous memory chunks to multiple
                 applications. Such simple memory management can
                 frequently cause the lack of available memory for some
                 applications, while others are not using the full
                 amount of assigned memory. To overcome inefficiency in
                 current memory management, we present an efficient heap
                 management scheme that allows multiple applications to
                 share heap space. To reduce overall heap memory usage,
                 applications adaptively acquire subheaps out of shared
                 pool of memory and release surplus subheaps to shared
                 pool. As a result, applications see noncontiguous
                 multiple subheaps as a heap in their address space. We
                 target Java applications to implement our heap-sharing
                 scheme in the KVM from Sun Microsystems. To protect
                 fragmented heap space with a limited number of regions
                 in memory protection unit (MPU), we maintain only a
                 limited number of subheaps. We experimentally evaluate
                 our heap management scheme with J2ME MIDP applications.
                 Our static and dynamic schemes reduce heap memory
                 usage, on average, by 30 and 27\%, respectively. For
                 both schemes, overheads are kept low. The execution
                 times in our schemes are increased only by 0.01\% for
                 static scheme and 0.35\% for dynamic scheme, on
                 average.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J840",
  keywords =     "dynamic memory management; garbage collection; heap
                 sharing; memory protection unit",
}

@Article{Conte:2008:NHA,
  author =       "Alberto Conte and Sylvaine Kerboeuf and Laurent
                 Thomas",
  title =        "Network-hosted avatar: {User}-terminal virtualization
                 in the network",
  journal =      j-BELL-LABS-TECH-J,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "117--126",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "BLTJFD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20307",
  ISSN =         "1089-7089 (print), 1538-7305 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1089-7089",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 26 17:31:41 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bstj2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Bell Labs Technical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1538-7305/issues/",
  onlinedate =   "18 Aug 2008",
}

@Article{Creeger:2008:CVR,
  author =       "Mache Creeger",
  title =        "{CTO} virtualization roundtable, part {II}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "43--49",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1409360.1409375",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 8 13:50:15 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "When it comes to virtualization platforms, experts say
                 focus first on the services to be delivered.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Creeger:2008:PCR,
  author =       "Mache Creeger",
  title =        "Practice: {CTO} roundtable on virtualization",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "47--53",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1400214.1400229",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 23 14:29:44 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization technology is hot again, but for the
                 right reasons?",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Manual{DELUG:2008:VKB,
  title =        "{Vmknoppix 2008 05 19: auf Knoppix basierende
                 Live-Distribution mit integrierten
                 Virtualisierungssystemen wie Xen, KVM, Virtualbox oder
                 Qemu}",
  organization = "{Deutsche Linux-User-Group}",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, Germany",
  year =         "2008",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:45:37 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "One CD-ROM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Deng:2008:CCV,
  author =       "Yi Deng and S. Masoud Sadjadi and Peter J. Clarke and
                 Vagelis Hristidis and Raju Rangaswami and Yingbo Wang",
  title =        "{CVM} --- a communication virtual machine",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1640--1662",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 7 07:27:04 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of systems and software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Drepper:2008:CV,
  author =       "Ulrich Drepper",
  title =        "The cost of virtualization",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "28--35",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1348583.1348591",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 11:18:20 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Software developers need to be aware of the
                 compromises they face when using virtualization
                 technology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
  keywords =     "virtual machines",
}

@Article{Faibish:2008:SVU,
  author =       "Sorin Faibish and Stephen Fridella and Peter Bixby and
                 Uday Gupta",
  title =        "Storage virtualization using a block-device file
                 system",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "119--126",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341312.1341340",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:19:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The design and organization of modern file systems has
                 been traditionally driven by practical considerations
                 related to the physical properties of computer disks
                 Storage virtualization makes such considerations
                 largely irrelevant, and file-system designs based on
                 them perform sub-optimally in a virtual storage
                 environment. One important example of this phenomenon
                 is the relationship between disk seek times and the
                 placement and organization of file system meta-data. In
                 this paper we show that traditional approaches to
                 organizing meta-data in file systems are closely
                 related to assumptions about the physical properties of
                 disks and that for this reason traditional file systems
                 fail to materialize the full benefits of storage
                 virtualization. We go on to propose a different file
                 system organization of data and meta-data designed to
                 exploit the power of virtualized storage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Flich:2008:LBD,
  author =       "J. Flich and J. Duato",
  title =        "Logic-Based Distributed Routing for {NoCs}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--16",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/L-CA.2007.16",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 21 05:49:19 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The design of scalable and reliable interconnection
                 networks for multicore chips (NoCs) introduces new
                 design constraints like power consumption, area, and
                 ultra low latencies. Although 2D meshes are usually
                 proposed for NoCs, heterogeneous cores, manufacturing
                 defects, hard failures, and chip virtualization may
                 lead to irregular topologies. In this context,
                 efficient routing becomes a challenge. Although
                 switches can be easily configured to support most
                 routing algorithms and topologies by using routing
                 tables, this solution does not scale in terms of
                 latency and area. We propose a new circuit that removes
                 the need for using routing tables. The new mechanism,
                 referred to as logic-based distributed routing (LBDR),
                 enables the implementation in NoCs of many routing
                 algorithms for most of the practical topologies we
                 might find in the near future in a multicore chip. From
                 an initial topology and routing algorithm, a set of
                 three bits per switch output port is computed. By using
                 a small logic block, LHDR mimics (demonstrated by
                 evaluation) the behavior of routing algorithms
                 implemented with routing tables. This result is
                 achieved both in regular and irregular topologies.
                 Therefore, LBDR removes the need for using routing
                 tables for distributed routing, thus enabling flexible,
                 fast and power-efficient routing in NoCs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "chip virtualization; circuit reliability; Circuit
                 topology; Delay; Energy consumption; heterogeneous
                 cores; interconnection network reliability;
                 interconnections; logic circuits; logic-based
                 distributed routing; Manufacturing; manufacturing
                 defects; Multi-core/single-chip multiprocessors;
                 Multicore processing; Multiprocessor interconnection
                 networks; network routing; network topology; Network
                 topology; Network-on-a-chip; network-on-chip; networks
                 for multicore chips; NoC; On-chip interconnection
                 networks; Routing; Switches",
}

@Article{Flich:2008:PNV,
  author =       "J. Flich and S. Rodrigo and J. Duato and T. S{\o}dring
                 and {\AA}. G. Solheim and T. Skeie and O. Lysne",
  title =        "On the Potential of {NoC} Virtualization for Multicore
                 Chips",
  journal =      j-SCPE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "165--177",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1895-1767",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 2 11:55:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.scpe.org/content/9/3.toc",
  URL =          "http://www.scpe.org/vols/vol09/no3/SCPE_9_3_02.pdf;
                 http://www.scpe.org/vols/vol09/no3/SCPE_9_3_02.zip",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fong:2008:DVS,
  author =       "Liana Fong and Ma{\l}gorzata Steinder",
  title =        "Duality of virtualization: simplification and
                 complexity",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "96--97",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341312.1341330",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:19:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In recent years, virtualization has gained much in
                 visibility and importance in the information technology
                 (IT) industry. Many analyst reports, including IDC [1]
                 and EMA [2], indicated ever increasing number of
                 companies deployed virtualization to their production
                 environments. There is also tremendous momentum from
                 industrial vendors in creating new virtualization
                 enablers along with their management functions. Some
                 vendors engage in activities of standardizing common
                 abstractions for various virtual entities at different
                 virtualization layers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Franklin:2008:RDV,
  author =       "Jason Franklin and Mark Luk and Jonathan M. McCune and
                 Arvind Seshadri and Adrian Perrig and Leendert van
                 Doorn",
  title =        "Remote detection of virtual machine monitors with
                 fuzzy benchmarking",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "83--92",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1368506.1368518",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:21:09 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the remote detection of virtual machine
                 monitors (VMMs) across the Internet, and devise fuzzy
                 benchmarking as an approach that can successfully
                 detect the presence or absence of a VMM on a remote
                 system. Fuzzy benchmarking works by making timing
                 measurements of the execution time of particular code
                 sequences executing on the remote system. The fuzziness
                 comes from heuristics which we employ to learn
                 characteristics of the remote system's hardware and VMM
                 configuration. Our techniques are successful despite
                 uncertainty about the remote machine's hardware
                 configuration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Gaspar:2008:RVC,
  author =       "Alessio Gaspar and Sarah Langevin and William Armitage
                 and R. Sekar and T. Daniels",
  title =        "The role of virtualization in computing education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "131--132",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1352322.1352181",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 15:44:10 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of SIGCSE 08.",
  abstract =     "Over the past years, many problems related to the
                 system administration of laboratories for undergraduate
                 system-oriented courses have found elegant solutions in
                 the deployment of virtualization suites. This
                 technological advance enabled these courses to switch
                 from a mostly descriptive content to learning
                 activities which engage students in hands-on,
                 authentic, problem-based learning. Since this type of
                 activity requires students to be administrators of
                 their own virtual machines (VM) or even virtual
                 networks, the experience gained is intrinsically
                 authentic. The potential impact on student learning, as
                 compared to simulation or lecture only based setups is
                 worth investigating for laboratories in operating
                 systems, networking, computer security, system
                 administration, etc. We propose to review the
                 increasingly important role that virtualization is
                 playing in computing education from 2 perspectives; (1)
                 Classrooms' system administration and technological
                 advances which support the development of new
                 pedagogies (2) Pedagogical advances which instructors
                 can now implement thanks to these technologies and
                 their impact on students learning from either
                 quantitative or qualitative perspectives The presenters
                 will share their experience leading the Xen Worlds,
                 V-NetLab and SOFTICE projects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Goldweber:2008:VEE,
  author =       "Michael Goldweber and Renzo Davoli",
  title =        "{VDE}: an emulation environment for supporting
                 computer networking courses",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "138--142",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1597849.1384310",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 15:44:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of ITiCSE '08.",
  abstract =     "Emulators have long been a valuable tool in teaching.
                 Particularly in the OS course, emulators have allowed
                 students to experiment meaningfully with different
                 machine architectures. Furthermore, many such tools run
                 in user-mode, allowing students to operate as system
                 administrators without the concomitant security risks.
                 Virtual Distributed Ethernet (VDE) is a system which
                 emulates, in user-mode, all aspects of an internet,
                 including switches, routers, communication lines, etc,
                 in a completely realistic manner, consistent with the
                 operation of such artifacts in the real world. VDE's
                 can be implemented on a single computer, spread over
                 several machines on the same LAN or scattered across
                 the Internet. A VDE can interoperate with both real
                 systems (via standard virtual interface/connectivity
                 tools) and several virtual machine environments,
                 support encryption, and actually run fast enough to
                 support real applications. Furthermore, a VDE can
                 interface/interoperate with real networks. VDN's have
                 proven highly effective in supporting both
                 undergraduate and graduate networking courses, and a
                 wide range of student experiments and projects.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Book{Haletky:2008:VES,
  author =       "Edward Haletky",
  title =        "{VMware ESX} server in the enterprise: planning and
                 securing virtualization servers",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 551",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-13-230207-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-230207-4 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 H35 2008",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:12:27 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip083/2007044443.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Security measures; VMware;
                 Operating systems (Computers)",
  tableofcontents = "System considerations \\
                 Version comparison \\
                 Installation \\
                 Auditing, monitoring, and securing \\
                 Storage with ESX \\
                 Effects on operations \\
                 Networking \\
                 Configuring ESX from a host connection \\
                 Configuring ESX from virtual center or host \\
                 Virtual machines \\
                 Dynamic resource load balancing \\
                 Disaster recovery and backup \\
                 The future of virtualization \\
                 Appendix A: Security script \\
                 Appendix B: ESX version 3 text installation \\
                 Appendix C: ESX version 3 graphical installation.",
}

@Article{Hay:2008:FEV,
  author =       "Brian Hay and Kara Nance",
  title =        "Forensics examination of volatile system data using
                 virtual introspection",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "74--82",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1368506.1368517",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:21:09 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "While static examination of computer systems is an
                 important part of many digital forensics
                 investigations, there are often important system
                 properties present only in volatile memory that cannot
                 be effectively recovered using static analysis
                 techniques, such as offline hard disk acquisition and
                 analysis. An alternative approach, involving the live
                 analysis of target systems to uncover this volatile
                 data, presents significant risks and challenges to
                 forensic investigators as observation techniques are
                 generally intrusive and can affect the system being
                 observed. This paper provides a discussion of live
                 digital forensics analysis through virtual
                 introspection and presents a suite of virtual
                 introspection tools developed for Xen (VIX tools). The
                 VIX tools suite can be used for unobtrusive digital
                 forensic examination of volatile system data in virtual
                 machines, and addresses a key research area identified
                 in the virtualization in digital forensics research
                 agenda [22].",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "digital forensics; virtual introspection; virtual
                 machine monitor; VIX",
}

@MastersThesis{Hinkelmann:2008:EKM,
  author =       "Matthias Hinkelmann",
  title =        "{Evaluation von KVM als m{\"o}glichen Ersatz f{\"u}r
                 XEN (MI08)}",
  type =         "{Bachelor} Thesis",
  school =       "Hochschule",
  address =      "Stuttgart, Germany",
  pages =        "85",
  year =         "2008",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:51:28 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Hogenson:2008:FCC,
  author =       "Gordon Hogenson",
  title =        "Foundations of {C++\slash CLI}: the {Visual C++}
                 Language for {.NET 3.5}",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  year =         "2008",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-1024-5",
  ISBN =         "1-4302-1024-9, 1-4302-1023-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4302-1024-5, 978-1-4302-1023-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.C153 H54 2008eb",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:37 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "C++ (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Hu:2008:SVO,
  author =       "Wenjin Hu and Todd Deshane and Jeanna Matthews",
  title =        "{Solaris} Virtualization Options",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 11:34:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/october-2008-volume-33-number-5/solaris-virtualization-options",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Book{Hudson:2008:FU,
  author =       "Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson",
  title =        "{Fedora 7} unleashed",
  publisher =    pub-SAMS,
  address =      pub-SAMS:adr,
  pages =        "xxix + 903",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-672-32942-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-672-32942-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 H794 2008",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:21:54 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0723/2007030725.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Linux; Operating systems (Computers)",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Part I. Installation and configuration \\
                 Installing Fedora \\
                 Fedora quick start \\
                 Working with GNOME \\
                 Command line quickstart \\
                 Part II. Desktop Fedora \\
                 On the Internet \\
                 Productivity applications \\
                 Multimedia \\
                 Printing with Fedora \\
                 Games \\
                 Part III. System administration \\
                 Managing users \\
                 Automating tasks \\
                 System-monitoring tools \\
                 Backing up \\
                 Networking \\
                 Remote access with SSH \\
                 Xen \\
                 Part IV. Fedors as a server \\
                 Apache web server management \\
                 Administering database services \\
                 File and print \\
                 Remote file serving with FTP \\
                 Handling electronic mail \\
                 Setting up a proxy server \\
                 Managing DNS \\
                 LDAP \\
                 Part V. Programming Linux \\
                 Using Perl \\
                 Working with Python \\
                 Writing PHP scripts \\
                 C/C++ programming tools for Fedora \\
                 Mono \\
                 Part VI. Fedora housekeeping \\
                 Securing your machines \\
                 Performance tuning \\
                 Command Line masterclass \\
                 Writing and executing a shell script \\
                 Advanced software management \\
                 Managing the file software \\
                 Kernel and module management \\
                 Part VII. Appendix \\
                 A. The history of the Red Hat and Fedora \\
                 B. Installation resources \\
                 C. Fedora and Linux Internet resources",
}

@Article{Hulaas:2008:PTL,
  author =       "Jarle Hulaas and Walter Binder",
  title =        "Program transformations for light-weight {CPU}
                 accounting and control in the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-HIGHER-ORDER-SYMB-COMPUT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "119--146",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "LSCOEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10990-008-9026-4",
  ISSN =         "1388-3690 (print), 2212-0793 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1388-3690",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 9 12:34:46 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1388-3690&volume=21&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/higherordersymbcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=1388-3690&volume=21&issue=1&spage=119",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation",
  keywords =     "Bytecode engineering; Java; Program transformations;
                 Resource management",
}

@Article{Inoue:2008:PVS,
  author =       "Hiroaki Inoue and Junji Sakai and Masato Edahiro",
  title =        "Processor virtualization for secure mobile terminals",
  journal =      j-TODAES,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "48:1--48:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "ATASFO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1367045.1367057",
  ISSN =         "1084-4309 (print), 1557-7309 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-4309",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 5 18:41:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/todaes/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/todaes.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a processor virtualization architecture,
                 VIRTUS, to provide a dedicated domain for preinstalled
                 applications and virtualized domains for downloaded
                 native applications. With it, security-oriented
                 next-generation mobile terminals can provide any number
                 of domains for native applications. VIRTUS features
                 three new technologies, namely, VMM asymmetrization,
                 dynamic interdomain communication (IDC), and
                 virtualization-assist logic, and it is first in the
                 world to virtualize an ARM-based multiprocessor.
                 Evaluations have shown that VMM asymmetrization results
                 in significantly less performance degradation and LOC
                 increase than do other VMMs. Further, dynamic IDC
                 overhead is low enough, and virtualization-assist logic
                 can be implemented in a sufficiently small area.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "48",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic
                 Systems (TODAES)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J776",
  keywords =     "multiprocessor; processor virtualization",
}

@Article{Jansen:2008:SVC,
  author =       "Sam Jansen and Anthony McGregor",
  title =        "Static virtualization of {C} source code",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "397--416",
  day =          "10",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.836",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 17 09:55:28 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "Jun 28 2007 3:31AM",
}

@Article{Karger:2008:VVM,
  author =       "Paul A. Karger and David R. Safford",
  title =        "Virtualization: {I/O} for Virtual Machine Monitors:
                 Security and Performance Issues",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "16--23",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2008.119",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 2 10:02:21 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{King:2008:GEI,
  author =       "Samuel T. King and Sean W. Smith",
  title =        "{Guest Editors}' Introduction: Virtualization and
                 Security: Back to the Future",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "15--15",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2008.136",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 2 10:02:21 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Book{Kissell:2008:TCV,
  author =       "Joe Kissell",
  title =        "Take control of {VMware Fusion 2}",
  publisher =    pub-ORA-MEDIA,
  address =      pub-ORA-MEDIA:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "1-933671-49-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-933671-49-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 K57 2008",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 13 10:18:21 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 prodorbis.library.yale.edu:7090/voyager",
  series =       "Take control",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows (Computer file); VMware; Macintosh
                 (Computer); Operating systems (Computers)",
}

@Article{Kong:2008:PTD,
  author =       "Jiantao Kong and Karsten Schwan and Min Lee and
                 Mustaque Ahamad",
  title =        "{Protectit}: trusted distributed services operating on
                 sensitive data",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "137--147",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1357010.1352608",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:21:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Protecting shared sensitive information is a key
                 requirement for today's distributed applications. Our
                 research uses virtualization technologies to create and
                 maintain trusted data paths across distributed
                 machines, for the services being run and their
                 information exchanges. For trusted data paths, runtime
                 protection methods control what data is visible to
                 which distributed services operating on it, guided by
                 online monitoring that determines the levels of trust
                 inherent in the paths' machines, services, and service
                 actions. This paper presents a key functional element
                 of trusted data paths, which is the ProtectIT
                 interception mechanism for controlling the data
                 exchanges between the different virtual machines
                 running trusted services. ProtectIT can be applied to
                 any communication and/or I/O performed by virtual
                 machines, and because ProtectIT does not require
                 application, middleware, or operating system
                 modifications, it can be used to construct trusted data
                 paths without the knowledge or consent of such
                 entities. Further, since ProtectIT operates in virtual
                 machines isolated from those used by applications, it
                 is not subject to the attacks faced by services exposed
                 to the open Internet. ProtectIT's functionality
                 consists of dynamic protection rules represented as
                 data filters applied to virtual machines'
                 communications. Examples presented in this paper
                 include email services for which ProtectIT's filters
                 control data visibility to mail servers and clients,
                 and unsecured virtual machine communications morphed
                 into secure ones via ProtectIT-based message
                 interception.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "data protection; traffic interception; trusted data
                 path",
}

@Article{Liu:2008:PBH,
  author =       "Tiancheng Liu and Ying Li and Andrew Schofield and
                 Matt Hogstrom and Kewei Sun and Ying Chen",
  title =        "Partition-based heap memory management in an
                 application server",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "98--98",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341312.1341331",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:19:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Heap is an important shared resource in Java virtual
                 machine. A problem with memory management in one
                 component can affect the whole system and even result
                 in crashing the virtual machine. In this paper, we
                 propose a partition-based approach to manage heap in an
                 application server. In our approach, the shared heap is
                 divided into logical partitions, in which instances of
                 application components and server components are
                 allocated separately.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "application server; Java; memory management;
                 reliability",
}

@Article{Loveland:2008:LVO,
  author =       "Scott Loveland and Eli M. Dow and Frank LeFevre and
                 Duane Beyer and Philip F. Chan",
  title =        "Leveraging virtualization to optimize
                 high-availability system configurations",
  journal =      j-IBM-SYS-J,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "591--604",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "IBMSA7",
  ISSN =         "0018-8670",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 26 15:54:41 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/474/loveland.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Systems Journal",
}

@Book{Lowe:2008:VID,
  author =       "William J. Lowe",
  title =        "{VMware} infrastructure 3 for dummies",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 335",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-470-27793-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-27793-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; Operating systems (Computers); Virtual
                 computer systems",
}

@Book{Marcy:2008:DRP,
  author =       "Herv{\'e} Marcy",
  title =        "{Disaster-Recovery Programm mit Xen auf Linux Servern
                 [Elektronische Ressource]: Design und Implementierung
                 eines DRP f{\"u}r Xen-virtualisierte Linux-Server im
                 Falle eines kompletten Ausfalls eines Rechenzentrums}",
  publisher =    "Verlag Dr. M{\"u}ller",
  address =      "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "3-639-09099-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-639-09099-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:47:46 2010",
  bibsource =    "Archivserver der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.vdm-verlag.de",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Matthews:2008:RXH,
  editor =       "Jeanna Matthews and Eli M. Dow and Todd Deshane and
                 Wenjin Hu and Jeremy Bongio and Patrick F. Wilbur and
                 Brendan Johnson",
  title =        "Running {Xen}: a hands-on guide to the art of
                 virtualization",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xxxiii + 586",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-13-207467-2, 0-13-234966-3 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-207467-4, 978-0-13-234966-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 R86 2008",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:12:09 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip087/2007052439.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Xen (Electronic resource); Virtual computer systems;
                 Computer organization; Parallel processing (Electronic
                 computers)",
  tableofcontents = "Chapter 1: Xen-Background and Virtualization Basics
                 \\
                 Chapter 2: A Quick Tour with the Xen LiveCD \\
                 Chapter 3: The Xen Hypervisor \\
                 Chapter 4: Hardware Requirements and Installation of
                 Xen Domain0 \\
                 Chapter 5: Using Prebuilt Guest Images \\
                 Chapter 6: Managing Unprivileged Domains \\
                 Chapter 7: Populating Guest Images \\
                 Chapter 8: Storing Guest Images \\
                 Chapter 9: Device Virtualization and Management \\
                 Chapter 10: Network Configuration \\
                 Chapter 11: Securing a Xen System \\
                 Chapter 12: Managing Guest Resources \\
                 Chapter 13: Guest Save, Restore and Live Migration \\
                 Chapter 14: An Overview of Xen Enterprise Management
                 Tools \\
                 Appendix A: Resources \\
                 Appendix B: The xm Command \\
                 Appendix C: The xend Configuration Options \\
                 Appendix D: Guest Configuration Options \\
                 Appendix E: Xen Performance Evaluation Index",
}

@Book{McCain:2008:MVI,
  author =       "Chris McCain",
  title =        "Mastering {VMware Infrastructure 3}",
  publisher =    "Wiley Technology Publishing",
  address =      "Indianapolis, IN, USA",
  pages =        "xxi + 554",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-470-18313-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-18313-7 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 M37483 2008",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0805/2007045713-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0805/2007045713-t.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0829/2007045713-b.html",
  abstract =     "This title offers a strong design component followed
                 by an in-depth looks at the day-to-day tasks that make
                 virtualization a key technology for any enterprise.
                 Topics include creating and managing virtual networks,
                 creating and managing storage devices, migrating and
                 importing virtual machines, and protecting data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; operating systems (computers); virtual
                 computer systems",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introducing VMware Infrastructure 3. \\
                 2. Installing and Planning ESX Server. \\
                 3. Creating and Managing Virtual Networks. \\
                 4. Creating and Managing Storage Devices. \\
                 5. Installing and Configuring VirtualCenter 2.0. \\
                 6. Creating and Managing Virtual Machines. \\
                 7. Migrating and Importing Virtual Machines. \\
                 8. Configuring and Managing Virtual Infrastructure
                 Access Controls. \\
                 9. Managing and Monitoring Resource Access. \\
                 10. High Availability and Business Continuity. \\
                 11. Monitoring Virtual Infrastructure Performance. \\
                 12. Securing A Virtual Infrastructure. \\
                 13. Virtual infrastructure 3 best practices",
}

@Article{McDermott:2008:REX,
  author =       "J. McDermott and J. Kirby and B. Montrose and T.
                 Johnson and M. Kang",
  title =        "Re-engineering {Xen} internals for higher-assurance
                 security",
  journal =      j-INFO-SEC-TECH-REP,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--24",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "ISTRFR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istr.2008.01.001",
  ISSN =         "1363-4127 (print), 1873-605X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1363-4127",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 8 07:58:38 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infosectechrep.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1363412708000022",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Info. Sec. Tech. Rep.",
  fjournal =     "Information Security Technical Report",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/information-security-technical-report",
}

@Article{Meyer:2008:PVD,
  author =       "Dut h T. Meyer and Gitika Aggarwal and Brendan Cully
                 and Geoffrey Lefebvre and Michael J. Feeley and Norman
                 C. Hutchinson and Andrew Warfield",
  title =        "{Parallax}: virtual disks for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "41--54",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1357010.1352598",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:21:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Parallax is a distributed storage system that uses
                 virtualization to provide storage facilities
                 specifically for virtual environments. The system
                 employs a novel architecture in which storage features
                 that have traditionally been implemented directly on
                 high-end storage arrays and switches are relocated into
                 a federation of storage VMs, sharing the same physical
                 hosts as the VMs that they serve. This architecture
                 retains the single administrative domain and OS
                 agnosticism achieved by array- and switch-based
                 approaches, while lowering the bar on hardware
                 requirements and facilitating the development of new
                 features. Parallax offers a comprehensive set of
                 storage features including frequent, low-overhead
                 snapshot of virtual disks, the `gold-mastering' of
                 template images, and the ability to use local disks as
                 a persistent cache to dampen burst demand on networked
                 storage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "network storage; snapshot; virtualization",
}

@Book{Morimoto:2008:WSH,
  author =       "Rand Morimoto and Jeff Guillet",
  title =        "{Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V} unleashed",
  publisher =    pub-SAMS,
  address =      pub-SAMS:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 459",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-672-33028-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-672-33028-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 M656 2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Includes coverage of System Center Virtual Machine
                 Manager 2008",
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows server Hyper-V; Virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@Article{Nance:2008:VMI,
  author =       "Kara Nance and Matt Bishop and Brian Hay",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Introspection: Observation or
                 Interference?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "32--37",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2008.134",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 2 10:02:21 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{Oi:2008:LVA,
  author =       "Hitoshi Oi",
  title =        "Local variable access behavior of a
                 hardware-translation based {Java} virtual machine",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2059--2068",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 7 07:27:04 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of systems and software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Book{Parziale:2008:ZVL,
  editor =       "Lydia Parziale and others",
  title =        "{z\slash VM} and {Linux} on {IBM System z}: the
                 virtualization cookbook for {RHEL 5.2}",
  number =       "SG24-7492-00",
  publisher =    pub-IBM,
  address =      pub-IBM:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 250",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-3181-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-3181-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 Z867 2008",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:12:53 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  URL =          "http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/?fpi=0738431818",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "z/VM; Linux; Operating systems (Computers)",
}

@Article{Pelleg:2008:VBD,
  author =       "Dan Pelleg and Muli Ben-Yehuda and Rick Harper and
                 Lisa Spainhower and Tokunbo Adeshiyan",
  title =        "{Vigilant}: out-of-band detection of failures in
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--31",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341312.1341319",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:19:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "What do our computer systems do all day? How do we
                 make sure they continue doing it when failures occur?
                 Traditional approaches to answering these questions
                 often involve in-band monitoring agents. However
                 in-band agents suffer from several drawbacks: they need
                 to be written or customized for every workload
                 (operating system and possibly also application), they
                 comprise potential security liabilities, and are
                 themselves affected by adverse conditions in the
                 monitored systems.\par

                 Virtualization technology makes it possible to
                 encapsulate an entire operating system or application
                 instance within a virtual object that can then be
                 easily monitored and manipulated without any knowledge
                 of the contents or behavior of that object. This can be
                 done out-of-band, using general purpose agents that do
                 not reside inside the object, and hence are not
                 affected by the behavior of the object.\par

                 This paper describes Vigilant, a novel way of
                 monitoring virtual machines for problems. Vigilant
                 requires no specialized agents inside a virtual object
                 it is monitoring. Instead, it uses the hypervisor to
                 directly monitor the resource requests and utilization
                 of an object. Machine learning methods are then used to
                 analyze the readings. Our experimental results show
                 that problems can be detected out-of-band with high
                 accuracy. Using Vigilant we demonstrate that
                 out-of-band monitoring using virtualization and machine
                 learning can accurately identify faults in the guest
                 OS, while avoiding the many pitfalls associated with
                 in-band monitoring.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Perez:2008:VHB,
  author =       "Ronald Perez and Leendert van Doorn and Reiner
                 Sailer",
  title =        "Virtualization and Hardware-Based Security",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "24--31",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2008.135",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 2 10:02:21 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{Prokopski:2008:APC,
  author =       "Gregory B. Prokopski and Clark Verbrugge",
  title =        "Analyzing the performance of code-copying virtual
                 machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "403--422",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1449955.1449796",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 22 09:57:37 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Many popular programming languages use
                 interpreter-based execution for portability, supporting
                 dynamic or reflective properties, and ease of
                 implementation. {\em Code-copying\/} is an optimization
                 technique for interpreters that reduces the performance
                 gap between interpretation and {\em JIT\/} compilation,
                 offering significant speedups over direct-threading
                 interpretation. Due to varying language features and
                 virtual machine design, however, not all languages
                 benefit from codecopying to the same extent. We
                 consider here properties of interpreted languages, and
                 in particular bytecode and virtual machine construction
                 that enhance or reduce the impact of code-copying. We
                 implemented code-copying and compared performance with
                 the original direct-threading virtual machines for
                 three languages, Java (SableVM), OCaml, and Ruby
                 (Yarv), examining performance on three different
                 architectures, ia32 (Pentium 4), x86\_64 (AMD64) and
                 PowerPC (G5). Best speedups are achieved on ia32 by
                 OCaml (maximum 4.88 times, 2.81 times on average),
                 where a small and simple bytecode design facilitates
                 improvements to branch prediction brought by
                 code-copying. Yarv only slightly improves over
                 direct-threading; large working sizes of bytecodes, and
                 a relatively small fraction of time spent in the actual
                 interpreter loop both limit the application of
                 codecopying and its overall net effect. We are able to
                 show that simple ahead of time analysis of VM and
                 execution properties can help determine the suitability
                 of code-copying for a particular VM before an
                 implementation of code-copying is even attempted.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "branch prediction; code-copying; compiler
                 optimization; dynamic analysis; performance; virtual
                 machines",
}

@Book{Radonic:2008:XAK,
  author =       "Andrej Radonic and Thomas Halinka and Frank Meyer",
  title =        "{XEN 3.2: aufsetzen, konfigurieren, betreiben}",
  publisher =    "Franzis-Verlag",
  address =      "Poing, Germany",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "499",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "3-7723-7247-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-7723-7247-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:22:13 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Franzis Professional Series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rixner:2008:NVB,
  author =       "Scot Rixner",
  title =        "Network virtualization: breaking the performance
                 barrier",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--ff",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1348583.1348592",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 11:18:20 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Shared I/O in virtualization platforms has come a long
                 way, but performance concerns remain.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
  keywords =     "virtual machines",
}

@Article{Russell:2008:VTF,
  author =       "Rusty Russell",
  title =        "{{\tt virtio}}: towards a de-facto standard for
                 virtual {I/O} devices",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "95--103",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1400097.1400108",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 6 16:54:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The Linux Kernel currently supports at least 8
                 distinct virtualization systems: Xen, KVM, VMware's
                 VMI, IBM's System p, IBM's System z, User Mode Linux,
                 lguest and IBM's legacy iSeries. It seems likely that
                 more such systems will appear, and until recently each
                 of these had its own block, network, console and other
                 drivers with varying features and
                 optimizations.\par

                 The attempt to address this is virtio: a series of
                 efficient, well-maintained Linux drivers which can be
                 adapted for various different hypervisor
                 implementations using a shim layer. This includes a
                 simple extensible feature mechanism for each driver. We
                 also provide an obvious ring buffer transport
                 implementation called vring, which is currently used by
                 KVM and lguest. This has the subtle effect of providing
                 a path of least resistance for any new hypervisors:
                 supporting this efficient transport mechanism will
                 immediately reduce the amount of work which needs to be
                 done. Finally, we provide an implementation which
                 presents the vring transport and device configuration
                 as a PCI device: this means guest operating systems
                 merely need a new PCI driver, and hypervisors need only
                 add vring support to the virtual devices they implement
                 (currently only KVM does this).\par

                 This paper will describe the virtio API layer as
                 implemented in Linux, then the vring implementation,
                 and finally its embodiment in a PCI device for simple
                 adoption on otherwise fully-virtualized guests. We'll
                 wrap up with some of the preliminary work to integrate
                 this I/O mechanism deeper into the Linux host kernel.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "I/O; KVM; lguest; Linux; ring buffer; virtio;
                 virtio_pci; virtualization; vring",
}

@MastersThesis{Seecker:2008:EGS,
  author =       "Robert Seecker",
  title =        "{Erstellung einer geh{\"a}rteten Systemarchitecktur
                 mit der Virtualisierungsl{\"o}sung Xen zur
                 Konsolidierung von Kundenserversystemen in einem
                 Rechenzentrum}",
  type =         "{Bachelor} Thesis",
  school =       "Fachhochschule",
  address =      "Stralsund, Germany",
  pages =        "vii + 86",
  year =         "2008",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:41:23 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Seeling:2008:L,
  author =       "Patrick Seeling",
  title =        "Labs@Home",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--77",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1473195.1473225",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 15:44:17 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this publication, we introduce the Labs@Home
                 framework, which enables students to conduct laboratory
                 elements of courses on their personal computing
                 equipment. A major benefit of this approach is that
                 students are able to progress through assignments at a
                 time and pace of their choice, before submitting the
                 results to the instructor for review. The introduced
                 framework is based on capturing differences between
                 versions of the virtual machines and exchanging these
                 between instructor and students. We are currently
                 implementing several parts of the framework and expect
                 to evaluate its implementation in the near future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Shi:2008:VMS,
  author =       "Yunhe Shi and Kevin Casey and M. Anton Ertl and David
                 Gregg",
  title =        "Virtual machine showdown: {Stack} versus registers",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1328195.1328197",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 16 11:41:35 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines (VMs) enable the distribution of
                 programs in an architecture-neutral format, which can
                 easily be interpreted or compiled. A long-running
                 question in the design of VMs is whether a stack
                 architecture or register architecture can be
                 implemented more efficiently with an interpreter. We
                 extend existing work on comparing virtual stack and
                 virtual register architectures in three ways. First,
                 our translation from stack to register code and
                 optimization are much more sophisticated. The result is
                 that we eliminate an average of more than 46\% of
                 executed VM instructions, with the bytecode size of the
                 register machine being only 26\% larger than that of
                 the corresponding stack one. Second, we present a fully
                 functional virtual-register implementation of the Java
                 virtual machine (JVM), which supports Intel, AMD64,
                 PowerPC and Alpha processors. This register VM supports
                 inline-threaded, direct-threaded, token-threaded, and
                 switch dispatch. Third, we present experimental results
                 on a range of additional optimizations such as register
                 allocation and elimination of redundant heap loads. On
                 the AMD64 architecture the register machine using
                 switch dispatch achieves an average speedup of 1.48
                 over the corresponding stack machine. Even using the
                 more efficient inline-threaded dispatch, the register
                 VM achieves a speedup of 1.15 over the equivalent
                 stack-based VM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
  keywords =     "interpreter; register architecture; stack
                 architecture; virtual machine",
}

@Article{Steinder:2008:SVA,
  author =       "Ma{\l}gorzata Steinder and Ian Whalley and David
                 Chess",
  title =        "Server virtualization in autonomic management of
                 heterogeneous workloads",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "94--95",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341312.1341329",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:19:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Server virtualization opens up a range of new
                 possibilities for autonomic datacenter management,
                 through the availability of new automation mechanisms
                 that can be exploited to control and monitor tasks
                 running within virtual machines. This facilitates more
                 powerful and flexible autonomic controls, through
                 management software that maintains the system in a
                 desired state in the face of changing workload and
                 demand. This paper explores in particular the use of
                 server virtualization technology in the autonomic
                 management of data centers running a heterogeneous mix
                 of workloads. We present a system that manages
                 heterogeneous workloads to their performance goals and
                 demonstrate its effectiveness via real-system
                 experiments and simulation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Subramaniam:2008:PST,
  author =       "Venkat Subramaniam",
  title =        "Programming {Scala}: tackle multicore complexity on
                 the {JVM}",
  publisher =    "Pragmatic Bookshelf",
  address =      "Raleigh, NC, USA",
  pages =        "x + 221",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "1-934356-31-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-934356-31-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 S83 2008",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:00:30 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Scala (Computer program language); Java virtual
                 machine; Java (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Ta-Shma:2008:VMT,
  author =       "Paula Ta-Shma and Guy Laden and Muli Ben-Yehuda and
                 Michael Factor",
  title =        "Virtual machine time travel using continuous data
                 protection and checkpointing",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "127--134",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1341312.1341341",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:19:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine (VM) time travel enables reverting a
                 virtual machine's state, both transient and persistent,
                 to past points in time. This capability can be used to
                 improve virtual machine availability, to enable
                 forensics on past VM states, and to recover from
                 operator errors. We present an approach to virtual
                 machine time travel which combines Continuous Data
                 Protection (CDP) storage support with
                 live-migration-based virtual machine checkpointing. In
                 particular, we present a novel approach for CDP which
                 enables efficient reverts of the storage state to past
                 points in time and makes it possible to undo a revert,
                 and this is achieved using a simple branched-temporal
                 data structure. We also present a design and
                 implementation of a simple live-migration-based
                 checkpointing mechanism in Xen.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Thomas:2008:DHF,
  author =       "Ga{\"e}l Thomas and Nicolas Geoffray and Charles
                 Cl{\'e}ment and Bertil Folliot",
  title =        "Designing highly flexible virtual machines: the
                 {JnJVM} experience",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "1643--1675",
  day =          "??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.887",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 17 09:55:32 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "Jun 6 2008 6:18AM",
}

@Book{Thorns:2008:VBK,
  editor =       "Fabian Thorns",
  title =        "{Das Virtualisierungs-Buch: [Konzepte, Techniken und
                 L{\"o}sungen: VMware, MS, Parallels, Xen u.v.a.]}",
  publisher =    "Computer- und Literatur-Verlag",
  address =      "B{\"o}blingen, Germany",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "799",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "3-936546-56-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-936546-56-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:39:30 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Varman:2008:SVP,
  author =       "Peter Varman and Jun Wang",
  title =        "Storage and {I/O} virtualization, performance, energy,
                 evaluation and dependability {(SPEED08)}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1453775.1453777",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 23 14:23:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Vaughan-Nichols:2008:VSS,
  author =       "Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols",
  title =        "Virtualization Sparks Security Concerns",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "13--15",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2008.312",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 12 18:24:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Book{vonHagen:2008:PXV,
  author =       "William von Hagen",
  title =        "Professional {Xen} virtualization",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xxiii + 405",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-470-13811-4 (paperback), 0-470-28918-X
                 (electronic)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-13811-3 (paperback), 978-0-470-28918-1
                 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 V665 2008",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:12:19 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0806/2007049359-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0806/2007049359-t.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0809/2007049359-b.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Open source software",
  xxpages =      "xxiii + 408",
}

@Article{Wang:2008:PEV,
  author =       "Lizhe Wang and Marcel Kunze and Jie Tao",
  title =        "Performance evaluation of virtual machine-based {Grid}
                 workflow system",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "1759--1771",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1328",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 5 10:08:27 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                 Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "6 Jun 2008",
}

@Article{Wang:2008:VBA,
  author =       "Xiaoying Wang and Zhihui Du and Yinong Chen and Sanli
                 Li",
  title =        "Virtualization-based autonomic resource management for
                 multi-tier {Web} applications in shared data center",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1591--1608",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 7 07:27:04 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of systems and software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Book{Warnke:2008:QVC,
  author =       "Robert Warnke and Thomas Ritzau",
  title =        "{QEMU: virtuelle Computer f{\"u}r viele
                 Betriebssysteme; QEMU Version 0.9.1}",
  publisher =    "Books on Demand GmbH",
  address =      "Norderstedt, Germany",
  pages =        "300",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "3-8370-0876-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8370-0876-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:07:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://d-nb.info/986260371/04",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Qemu",
}

@Article{Wegiel:2008:MCV,
  author =       "Michal Wegiel and Chandra Krintz",
  title =        "The {Mapping Collector}: virtual memory support for
                 generational, parallel, and concurrent compaction",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "91--102",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1353535.1346294",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:20:12 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Parallel and concurrent garbage collectors are
                 increasingly employed by managed runtime environments
                 (MREs) to maintain scalability, as multi-core
                 architectures and multi-threaded applications become
                 pervasive. Moreover, state-of-the-art MREs commonly
                 implement compaction to eliminate heap fragmentation
                 and enable fast linear object allocation.\par

                 Our empirical analysis of object demographics reveals
                 that unreachable objects in the heap tend to form
                 clusters large enough to be effectively managed at the
                 granularity of virtual memory pages. Even though
                 processes can manipulate the mapping of the virtual
                 address space through the standard operating system
                 (OS) interface on most platforms, extant
                 parallel/concurrent compactors do not do so to exploit
                 this clustering behavior and instead achieve compaction
                 by performing, relatively expensive, object moving and
                 pointer adjustment.\par

                 We introduce the Mapping Collector (MC), which
                 leverages virtual memory operations to reclaim and
                 consolidate free space without moving objects and
                 updating pointers. MC is a nearly-single-phase
                 compactor that is simpler and more efficient than
                 previously reported compactors that comprise two to
                 four phases. Through effective MRE-OS coordination, MC
                 maintains the simplicity of a non-moving collector
                 while providing efficient parallel and concurrent
                 compaction.\par

                 We implement both stop-the-world and concurrent MC in a
                 generational garbage collection framework within the
                 open-source HotSpot Java Virtual Machine. Our
                 experimental evaluation using a multiprocessor
                 indicates that MC significantly increases throughput
                 and scalability as well as reduces pause times,
                 relative to state-of-the-art, parallel and concurrent
                 compactors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "compaction; concurrent; parallel; virtual memory",
}

@Article{Weinhold:2008:VBV,
  author =       "Carsten Weinhold and Hermann H{\"a}rtig",
  title =        "{VPFS}: building a virtual private file system with a
                 small trusted computing base",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "81--93",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1352592.1352602",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 20 17:21:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper we present the lessons we learned when
                 developing VPFS, a virtual private file system that is
                 based on both a small amount of trusted storage and an
                 untrusted legacy file system residing on the same
                 machine. VPFS' purpose is to provide secure and
                 reliable storage to highly sensitive applications
                 running on top of a microkernel, which may concurrently
                 execute untrusted software. The confidentiality and
                 integrity guarantees of VPFS do not only apply to file
                 contents, but also to all meta data including integrity
                 of the directory structure.\par

                 We explored design alternatives that allow us to
                 securely reuse untrusted infrastructure and thereby
                 minimize the complexity that a file-system
                 implementation adds to the trusted computing base. VPFS
                 is split into two isolated components. A small trusted
                 component implements all security-critical
                 functionality, whereas the untrusted part reuses an
                 existing file-system implementation provided by a
                 virtualized legacy operating system that can be
                 untrusted. In our VPFS prototype, alternative
                 configurations of the trusted component comprise only
                 between 4,000 and 4,600 lines of code, which is at
                 least an order of magnitude smaller than existing
                 commodity file-system stacks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "legacy reuse; secure file system; virtualization",
}

@Article{Adeshiyan:2009:UVH,
  author =       "T. Adeshiyan and C. R. Attanasio and E. M. Farr and R.
                 E. Harper and D. Pelleg and C. Schulz and L. F.
                 Spainhower and P. Ta-Shma and L. A. Tomek",
  title =        "Using virtualization for high availability and
                 disaster recovery",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 1 17:44:14 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/",
  URL =          "http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/abstracts/rd/534/adeshiyan.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
}

@Article{Anderson:2009:XWL,
  author =       "Benjamin R. Anderson and Amy K. Joines and Thomas E.
                 Daniels",
  title =        "{Xen} worlds: leveraging virtualization in distance
                 education",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "293--297",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1595496.1562967",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 15:44:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of ITiCSE '09.",
  abstract =     "The Xen Worlds project at Iowa State University was
                 designed to provide a virtualized lab environment for
                 the Information Assurance program. The large number of
                 off-campus students, and a desire for high levels of
                 security, drove many of the requirements for the Xen
                 Worlds environment. Some of the requirements
                 established for the project were: The environment
                 needed to be equally accessible and easy to use for
                 both on- and off-campus students. It needed to be
                 isolated from the outside world and other students. The
                 system had to be equally usable for students with
                 limited computing and network resources. Costs had to
                 be kept to a minimum. The Xen Worlds environment has
                 now been used to support several courses at both the
                 undergraduate and graduate level. This virtual
                 environment was equally accessible to on- and
                 off-campus students on a 24/7 basis and supported
                 numerous assignments in support of established
                 curriculum requirements. Finally, surveys of students
                 who used the Xen Worlds environment show that students
                 have a favorable view of the project and view it as a
                 useful and convenient learning tool.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Book{Aprea:2009:HVS,
  author =       "Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois Apr{\'e}a",
  title =        "{Hyper-V} et {SC Virtual Machine Manager}: technologie
                 de virtualisation sous {Windows Server 2008 R2}.
                 ({French}). [{Hyper-V} and {SC Virtual Machine
                 Manager}: virtualization technology under {Windows
                 Server 2008 R2}]",
  publisher =    "{\'E}ditions ENI",
  address =      "Saint Herblain, France",
  pages =        "537",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "2-7460-5061-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-2-7460-5061-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Expert IT",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
  subject =      "Virtualisation. Virtual systems. Microsoft Windows
                 Server 2008 (computer operating system)",
}

@Article{Baldwin:2009:PSS,
  author =       "Adrian Baldwin and Chris Dalton and Simon Shiu and
                 Krzysztof Kostienko and Qasim Rajpoot",
  title =        "Providing secure services for a virtual
                 infrastructure",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--51",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1496909.1496919",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 22 17:21:31 MST 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization brings exibility to the data center and
                 enables separations allowing for better security
                 properties. For these security properties to be fully
                 utilized, virtual machines need to be able to connect
                 to secure services such as networking and storage. This
                 paper addresses the problems associated with managing
                 the cryptographic keys upon which such services rely by
                 ensuring that keys remain within the trusted computing
                 base. Here we describe a general architecture for
                 managing keys tied to the underlying virtualized
                 systems, with a specific example given for secure
                 storage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "key management; storage; TCG; virtualization",
}

@Book{Becker:2009:VIA,
  author =       "Dirk Becker",
  title =        "{VirtualBox Installation, Anwendung, Praxis}.
                 ({German}) [{VirtualBox} Installation, Use, and
                 Practice]",
  publisher =    "Galileo Press",
  address =      "Bonn, Germany",
  pages =        "321",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "3-8362-1374-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8362-1374-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:33 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Galileo computing",
  URL =          "http://d-nb.info/993523552/04;
                 http://www.galileocomputing.de",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Von den Grundlagen bis zum praktischen Einsatz;
                 Troubleshooting, Migration und Kommandozeile; f{\"u}r
                 Ein- und Umsteiger geeignet; ab Version 3",
  subject =      "VirtualBox",
}

@Article{Bertels:2009:EMM,
  author =       "Peter Bertels and Wim Heirman and Erik D'Hollander and
                 Dirk Stroobandt",
  title =        "Efficient memory management for hardware accelerated
                 {Java Virtual Machines}",
  journal =      j-TODAES,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "48:1--48:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "ATASFO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1562514.1562516",
  ISSN =         "1084-4309 (print), 1557-7309 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-4309",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 27 14:38:55 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/todaes/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/todaes.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Application-specific hardware accelerators can
                 significantly improve a system's performance. In a
                 Java-based system, we then have to consider a hybrid
                 architecture that consists of a Java Virtual Machine
                 running on a general-purpose processor connected to the
                 hardware accelerator. In such a hybrid architecture,
                 data communication between the accelerator and the
                 general-purpose processor can incur a significant cost,
                 which may even annihilate the original performance
                 improvement of adding the accelerator. A careful layout
                 of the data in the memory structure is therefore of
                 major importance to maintain the acceleration
                 performance benefits.\par

                 This article addresses the reduction of the
                 communication cost in a distributed shared memory
                 consisting of the main memory of the processor and the
                 accelerator's local memory, which are unified in the
                 Java heap. Since memory access times are highly
                 nonuniform, a suitable allocation of objects in either
                 main memory or the accelerator's local memory can
                 significantly reduce the communication cost. We propose
                 several techniques for finding the optimal location for
                 each Java object's data, either statically through
                 profiling or dynamically at runtime. We show how we can
                 reduce communication cost by up to 86\% for the SPECjvm
                 and DaCapo benchmarks. We also show that the best
                 strategy is application dependent and also depends on
                 the relative cost of remote versus local accesses. For
                 a relative cost higher than 10, a self-learning dynamic
                 approach often results in the best performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "48",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic
                 Systems (TODAES)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J776",
  keywords =     "Dynamic memory management; hardware acceleration; Java
                 Virtual Machine",
}

@Article{Bratanov:2009:VMW,
  author =       "Stanislav Bratanov and Roman Belenov and Nikita
                 Manovich",
  title =        "Virtual machines: a whole new world for performance
                 analysis",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "46--55",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1531793.1531802",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 23 19:43:22 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article addresses a problem of performance
                 monitoring inside virtual machines (VMs). It advocates
                 focused monitoring of particular virtualized programs,
                 explains the need for and the importance of such an
                 approach to performance monitoring in virtualized
                 execution environments, and emphasizes its benefits for
                 virtual machine manufacturers, virtual machine users
                 (mostly, software developers) and hardware (processor)
                 manufacturers. The article defines the problem of in-VM
                 performance monitoring as the ability to employ modern
                 methods and hardware performance monitoring
                 capabilities inside virtual machines to an extent
                 comparable with what is being done in real
                 environments. Unfortunately, there are numerous reasons
                 preventing us from achieving such an ambitious goal,
                 one of those reasons being the lack of support from
                 virtualization engines; that is why a novel method of
                 'cooperative' performance data collection is disclosed.
                 The method implies collection of performance data at
                 physical hardware and simultaneous tracking of software
                 states inside a virtual machine. Each statistically
                 visible execution point of the virtualized software may
                 then be associated with information on real hardware
                 events. The method effectively enables time-based
                 sampling of virtualized workloads combined with
                 hardware event counting, is applicable to unmodified,
                 commercially available virtual machines, and has
                 competitive precision and overhead. The practical
                 significance and value of the method are further
                 illustrated by studying a parallel workload and
                 uncovering virtualization-specific performance issues
                 of multithreaded programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "hardware performance event counters; virtual
                 machines",
}

@Book{Cerling:2009:MMV,
  author =       "Tim Cerling and Jeff Buller and Chuck Enstall and
                 Richard Ruiz",
  title =        "Mastering {Microsoft} virtualization",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "576 (est.)",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-470-44958-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-44958-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 M36 2009",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:12:35 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows server Hyper-V; Virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@TechReport{Cox:2009:REM,
  author =       "Russ Cox",
  title =        "Regular Expression Matching: the Virtual Machine
                 Approach",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "swtch.com",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 27 11:39:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/plan9.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Thompson:1968:PTR,Kernighan:1999:REL,Cox:2007:REM,Cox:2010:REM,Cox:2012:REM}",
  URL =          "http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp2.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Creeger:2009:CRV,
  author =       "Mache Creeger",
  title =        "{CTO} roundtable: Virtualization: Part One",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--35",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1508211.1508219",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 24 11:19:58 MST 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "CTOs from key players in the virtualization market
                 examine current trends in virtualization and how IT
                 managers can make the most effective use of it.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
}

@Article{Dalton:2009:TVP,
  author =       "Chris I. Dalton and David Plaquin and Wolfgang Weidner
                 and Dirk Kuhlmann and Boris Balacheff and Richard
                 Brown",
  title =        "Trusted virtual platforms: a key enabler for converged
                 client devices",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--43",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1496909.1496918",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 22 17:21:31 MST 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper introduces our work around combining
                 machine virtualization technology with Trusted
                 Computing Group technology. We first describe our
                 architecture for reducing and containing the privileged
                 code of the Xen Hypervisor. Secondly we describe our
                 Trusted Virtual Platform architecture. This is aimed at
                 supporting the strong enforcement of integrity and
                 security policy controls over a virtual entity where a
                 virtual entity can be either a full guest operating
                 system or virtual appliance running on a virtualized
                 platform. The architecture includes a
                 virtualization-specific integrity measurement and
                 reporting framework. This is designed to reflect all
                 the dependencies of the virtual environment of a guest
                 operating system. The work is a core enabling component
                 of our research around converged devices -- client
                 platforms such as notebooks or desktop PCs that can
                 safely host multiple virtual operating systems and
                 virtual appliances concurrently and report accurately
                 on the trustworthiness of the individually executing
                 entities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "open trusted computing; TCG; TPM; trusted
                 virtualization",
}

@Article{Desai:2009:AIC,
  author =       "Aniruddha Desai and Jugdutt Singh",
  title =        "Architecture Independent Characterization of Embedded
                 {Java} Workloads",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--32",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/L-CA.2009.7",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents architecture independent
                 characterization of embedded Java workloads based on
                 the industry standard GrinderBench benchmark which
                 includes different classes of real world embedded Java
                 applications. This work is based on a custom built
                 embedded Java Virtual Machine (JVM) simulator
                 specifically designed for embedded JVM modeling and
                 embodies domain specific details such as thread
                 scheduling, algorithms used for native CLDC APIs and
                 runtime data structures optimized for use in embedded
                 systems. The results presented include dynamic
                 execution characteristics, dynamic bytecode instruction
                 mix, application and API workload distribution, Object
                 allocation statistics, instruction-set coverage, memory
                 usage statistics and method code and stack frame
                 characteristics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Desai, A (Reprint Author), La Trobe Univ, Bundoora,
                 Vic 3086, Australia. Desai, Aniruddha; Singh, Jugdutt,
                 La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.",
  author-email = "desai@ieee.org",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "V17GC",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "Embedded Systems; Java; Java bytecode; Workload
                 Characterization",
  number-of-cited-references = "8",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  times-cited =  "0",
  unique-id =    "Desai:2009:AIC",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Dowty:2009:GVV,
  author =       "Micah Dowty and Jeremy Sugerman",
  title =        "{GPU} virtualization on {VMware}'s hosted {I/O}
                 architecture",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "73--82",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1618525.1618534",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 22 12:51:49 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Modern graphics co-processors (GPUs) can produce high
                 fidelity images several orders of magnitude faster than
                 general purpose CPUs, and this performance expectation
                 is rapidly becoming ubiquitous in personal computers.
                 Despite this, GPU virtualization is a nascent field of
                 research. This paper introduces a taxonomy of
                 strategies for GPU virtualization and describes in
                 detail the specific GPU virtualization architecture
                 developed for VMware's hosted products (VMware
                 Workstation and VMware Fusion).\par

                 We analyze the performance of our GPU virtualization
                 with a combination of applications and microbenchmarks.
                 We also compare against software rendering, the GPU
                 virtualization in Parallels Desktop 3.0, and the native
                 GPU. We find that taking advantage of hardware
                 acceleration significantly closes the gap between pure
                 emulation and native, but that different
                 implementations and host graphics stacks show distinct
                 variation. The microbenchmarks show that our
                 architecture amplifies the overheads in the traditional
                 graphics API bottlenecks: draw calls, downloading
                 buffers, and batch sizes.\par

                 Our virtual GPU architecture runs modern
                 graphics-intensive games and applications at
                 interactive frame rates while preserving virtual
                 machine portability. The applications we tested achieve
                 from 86\% to 12\% of native rates and 43 to 18 frames
                 per second with VMware Fusion 2.0.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "GPU; I/O virtualization; virtual device",
}

@Article{Fagen:2009:VEN,
  author =       "Wade A. Fagen and Jo{\~a}o W. Cangussu and Ram Dantu",
  title =        "A virtual environment for network testing",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "184--214",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:43:25 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108480450800026X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Book{Fischer:2009:XUH,
  author =       "Marcus Fischer",
  title =        "{Xen das umfassende Handbuch}. ({German}) [{Xen}, the
                 Complete Handbook]",
  publisher =    "Galileo Press",
  address =      "Bonn, Germany",
  pages =        "547",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "3-8362-1118-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8362-1118-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:05:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Galileo computing",
  URL =          "http://d-nb.info/986059226/04;
                 http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3015256;
                 http://www.galileocomputing.de/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Inkl. {KVM}; von den Grundlagen bis zur
                 Administration; Backup, Troubleshooting, Migration; mit
                 Konfigurationsbeispielen und Befehlsreferenz; inkl.
                 Xen-Live-{CD}",
  subject =      "XEN3",
}

@Book{Fraser:2009:PVC,
  author =       "Stephen Fraser",
  title =        "{Pro Visual C++\slash CLI} and the {.NET 3.5}
                 Platform",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xxx + 1048",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "1-4302-1053-2 (paperback), 1-4302-1054-0
                 (electronic)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4302-1053-5 (paperback), 978-1-4302-1054-2
                 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.C153 F735 2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:04:37 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Expert's voice in .NET",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The C++/CLI language -- .NET framework development in
                 C++/CLI -- Unsafe/unmanaged C++/CLI",
  subject =      "C++/CLI (Computer program language); Microsoft .NET;
                 Microsoft .NET",
}

@Article{Galvin:2009:PATb,
  author =       "Peter Baer Galvin",
  title =        "{Pete}'s All Things {Sun}: The {Sun} Virtualization
                 Guide",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 11:34:39 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/april-2009-volume-34-number-2/petes-all-things-sun-sun-virtualization-guide",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Galvin:2009:PATe,
  author =       "Peter Baer Galvin",
  title =        "{Pete}'s All Things {Sun}: {VMware vSphere 4} vs.
                 {Microsoft Hyper-V R2}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "58--67",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 11:34:41 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/october-2009-volume-34-number-5/petes-all-things-sun-vmware-vsphere-4-vs",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Gupta:2009:DE,
  author =       "Diwaker Gupta and Sangmin Lee and Michael Vrable and
                 Stefan Savage and Alex C. Snoeren and George Varghese
                 and Geoffrey M. Voelker and Amin Vahdat",
  title =        "Difference Engine",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24--31",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 11:34:39 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/april-2009-volume-34-number-2/difference-engine",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
  keywords =     "virtual machine",
}

@Book{Haletky:2009:VVV,
  author =       "Edward Haletky",
  title =        "{VMware vSphere} and virtual infrastructure security:
                 securing the virtual environment",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "xxx + 521",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-13-715800-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-715800-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 H36 2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware vSphere; Virtual computer systems; Security
                 measures; Cloud computing; Computer security",
}

@Article{Hines:2009:PCL,
  author =       "Michael R. Hines and Umesh Deshpande and Kartik
                 Gopalan",
  title =        "Post-copy live migration of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14--26",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1618525.1618528",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 22 12:51:49 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We present the design, implementation, and evaluation
                 of post-copy based live migration for virtual machines
                 (VMs) across a Gigabit LAN. Post-copy migration defers
                 the transfer of a VM's memory contents until after its
                 processor state has been sent to the target host. This
                 deferral is in contrast to the traditional pre-copy
                 approach, which first copies the memory state over
                 multiple iterations followed by a final transfer of the
                 processor state. The post-copy strategy can provide a
                 'win-win' by reducing total migration time while
                 maintaining the liveness of the VM during migration. We
                 compare post-copy extensively against the traditional
                 pre-copy approach on the Xen Hypervisor. Using a range
                 of VM workloads we show that post-copy improves several
                 metrics including pages transferred, total migration
                 time, and network overhead. We facilitate the use of
                 post-copy with adaptive prepaging techniques to
                 minimize the number of page faults across the network.
                 We propose different prepaging strategies and
                 quantitatively compare their effectiveness in reducing
                 network-bound page faults. Finally, we eliminate the
                 transfer of free memory pages in both pre-copy and
                 post-copy through a dynamic self-ballooning (DSB)
                 mechanism. DSB periodically reclaims free pages from a
                 VM and significantly speeds up migration with
                 negligible performance impact on VM workload.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "operating systems; post-copy; process migration;
                 virtual machines; Xen",
}

@Book{Ilgenfritz:2009:VCP,
  author =       "Merle Ilgenfritz and John Ilgenfritz and John Powell
                 and Steven Baca",
  title =        "{VMware} certified professional test prep",
  publisher =    pub-CRC,
  address =      pub-CRC:adr,
  pages =        "xxi + 867",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "1-4200-6599-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4200-6599-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.3 .I56 2009eb",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.engnetbase.com/ejournals/books/book\%5Fsummary/summary.asp?id=7409",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; Electronic data processing personnel;
                 Certification; Virtual computer systems; Examinations;
                 Study guides",
}

@Book{Joos:2009:MWS,
  author =       "Thomas Joos",
  title =        "{Microsoft Windows Server 2008 --- das Handbuch}.
                 (German) {Microsoft Windows Server 2008 --- the
                 Handbook}",
  publisher =    "Microsoft Press",
  address =      "Unterschlei{\ss}heim",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "1356",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "3-86645-130-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86645-130-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3161715",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Insider-Wissen - praxisnah und kompetent;
                 ber{\"u}cksichtigt Hyper-V. ({German}) [Insider
                 knowledge: covers Hyper-V]",
  subject =      "Windows Server 2008; Microsoft Windows server;
                 Operating systems (Computers); Windows Server 2008",
}

@Article{Kagawa:2009:WWB,
  author =       "Koji Kagawa",
  title =        "{WAPPEN}: a {Web}-based application framework for
                 programming and its {\tt bison\slash flex} plug-in",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "383--383",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1595496.1563025",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 15:44:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of ITiCSE '09.",
  abstract =     "This poster presents an Eclipse RCP-based application
                 framework named Wappen for learning programming, and
                 especially, its plugin for Bison and Flex. In courses
                 such as compiler construction and programming
                 languages, learners have to use multiple languages.
                 Time and effort spent by learners on installation and
                 configuration of programming environments are not
                 negligible. Wappen provides an infrastructure on which
                 teachers can arrange simple Web-based programming
                 environments for various programming languages by
                 writing plug-ins. Wappen for Oolong has been
                 successfully used in our compiler construction lab,
                 where Oolong is an assembly language for the Java
                 Virtual Machine. This poster introduces Wappen for
                 Bison/Flex that tries to help learners avoid pitfalls
                 of Bison/Flex in some respects. It is planned to be put
                 into practical use in our compiler construction lab
                 this year.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Book{Kappel:2009:MVH,
  author =       "Jason Kappel and Toby J. Velte and Anthony T. Velte",
  title =        "{Microsoft} virtualization with {Hyper-V}",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 430",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-07-161403-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-161403-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 K37 2009",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:12:44 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows server Hyper-V; Virtual computer
                 systems; Systems migration",
  tableofcontents = "Virtualization overview \\
                 Planning and installation \\
                 Configuring Hyper-V components \\
                 Planning and designing Systems Center Virtual Machine
                 Manager 2008 \\
                 Installing and configuring Systems Center Virtual
                 Machine Manager 2008 \\
                 Configuring Systems Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008
                 \\
                 Creating and managing virtual machines \\
                 Managing your virtual machines \\
                 Backing up, restoring, and disaster recovery for your
                 virtual machines \\
                 Monitoring your virtual solution \\
                 Hyper-V security \\
                 Virtual desktop infrastructure \\
                 Third-party visualization tools for Hyper-V \\
                 Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V command-line reference",
}

@Book{Kelbley:2009:WSH,
  author =       "John Kelbley and Mike Sterling and Allen Stewart",
  title =        "{Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V}: insiders guide to
                 {Microsoft}'s {Hypervisor}",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 361",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-470-50398-X (electronic), 0-470-44096-1
                 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-50398-0 (electronic), 978-0-470-44096-4
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 K45 2009eb",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=31993",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Title from title screen.",
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows Server Hyper-V; virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@Book{Khnaser:2009:VVC,
  author =       "Elias N. Khnaser",
  title =        "{VCP: VMware Certified Professional}",
  publisher =    pub-QUE,
  address =      pub-QUE:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 316",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-7897-3805-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7897-3805-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.3 .K495 2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Includes CD-ROM.",
  series =       "Exam cram",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; electronic data processing personnel;
                 certification; virtual computer systems; examinations;
                 study guides",
}

@Article{Kroeker:2009:EV,
  author =       "Kirk L. Kroeker",
  title =        "The evolution of virtualization",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "18--20",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1467247.1467253",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 09:20:24 MST 2009",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is moving out of the data center and
                 making inroads with mobile computing, security, and
                 software delivery.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Book{Larisch:2009:PMH,
  author =       "Dirk Larisch",
  title =        "{Praxisbuch Microsoft Hyper-V: Installation,
                 Konfiguration und Systemverwaltung von Hyper-V f{\"u}r
                 Windows Server 2008 und Hyper-V Server}. ({German})
                 [{Microsoft Hyper-V} Practice Book: Installation,
                 Configuration, and Systems Management of {Hyper-V} for
                 {Windows Server 2008} and {Hyper-V Server}]",
  publisher =    pub-CARL-HANSER,
  address =      pub-CARL-HANSER:adr,
  pages =        "500",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "3-446-41687-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-446-41687-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3200334",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Hyper-V",
}

@Book{Larson:2009:WSHa,
  author =       "Robert Larson and Janique Carbone",
  title =        "{Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V} resource kit",
  publisher =    pub-MICROSOFT,
  address =      pub-MICROSOFT:adr,
  pages =        "xxxv + 744",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-7356-2517-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7356-2517-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 L37 2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/9780735625174",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows server Hyper-V; Virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@Book{Larson:2009:WSHb,
  author =       "Robert Larson and Janique Carbone",
  title =        "{Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V --- die technische
                 Referenz: [Insiderinformationen und n{\"u}tzliche Tools
                 direkt von der Quelle]}: [{Windows Server 2008
                 Hyper-V}: the technical reference --- insider
                 information and useful tools --- direct from the
                 source]",
  publisher =    "Microsoft Press",
  address =      "Unterschlei{\ss}heim, Germany",
  pages =        "xxviii + 739",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "3-86645-926-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86645-926-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Hyper-V",
}

@Book{Lowe:2009:MVV,
  author =       "Scott Lowe",
  title =        "Mastering {VMware vSphere 4}",
  publisher =    pub-SYBEX,
  address =      pub-SYBEX:adr,
  pages =        "xxi + 673",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-470-48138-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-48138-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 L67 2009",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 1 14:40:07 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "Sybex serious skills",
  abstract =     "Update to the bestselling book on VMWare
                 Infrastructure. This update to the bestselling book on
                 VMWare Infrastructure 3, Mastering VMware TBD will
                 prove to be indispensible to anyone using the
                 market-leading virtualization software. As part of the
                 highly acclaimed Mastering series from Sybex, this
                 guide offers a comprehensive look at VMware technology,
                 how to implement it, and how to make the most of what
                 it offers. Shows how VMware Infrastructure saves on
                 hardware costs while maximizing capacity. Demonstrates
                 how to work with virtual machines, reducing a company's
                 carbon footprint within its data center. Helps maximize
                 the technology. Reinforces understanding of VMware
                 Infrastructure through real-world examples. Now that
                 virtualization is a key cost-saving strategy, Mastering
                 VMware is the strategic guide you need to maximize the
                 opportunities",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; Virtual computer systems",
}

@Book{Marshall:2009:VEE,
  author =       "David (David W.) Marshall and Stephen S. Beaver and
                 Jason W. McCarty",
  title =        "{VMware ESX} essentials in the virtual data center",
  publisher =    pub-CRC,
  address =      pub-CRC:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 237",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "1-4200-7027-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4200-7027-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 M3647 2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware; operating systems (computers); virtual
                 computer systems",
}

@Article{Mattsson:2009:RSV,
  author =       "Ulf Mattsson",
  title =        "Real security for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "2009",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "15--17",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(09)70041-8",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 17:00:03 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485809700418",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Menon:2009:TSA,
  author =       "Aravind Menon and Simon Schubert and Willy
                 Zwaenepoel",
  title =        "{TwinDrivers}: semi-automatic derivation of fast and
                 safe hypervisor network drivers from guest {OS}
                 drivers",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "301--312",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2528521.1508279",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 4 07:47:19 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In a virtualized environment, device drivers are often
                 run inside a virtual machine (VM) rather than in the
                 hypervisor, for reasons of safety and reduction in
                 software engineering effort. Unfortunately, this
                 approach results in poor performance for I/O-intensive
                 devices such as network cards. The alternative approach
                 of running device drivers directly in the hypervisor
                 yields better performance, but results in the loss of
                 safety guarantees for the hypervisor and incurs
                 additional software engineering costs. In this paper we
                 present TwinDrivers, a framework which allows us to
                 semi-automatically create safe and efficient hypervisor
                 drivers from guest OS drivers. The hypervisor driver
                 runs directly in the hypervisor, but its data resides
                 completely in the driver VM address space. A Software
                 Virtual Memory mechanism allows the driver to access
                 its VM data efficiently from the hypervisor running in
                 any guest context, and also protects the hypervisor
                 from invalid memory accesses from the driver. An upcall
                 mechanism allows the hypervisor to largely reuse the
                 driver support infrastructure present in the VM. The
                 TwinDriver system thus combines most of the performance
                 benefits of hypervisor-based driver approaches with the
                 safety and software engineering benefits of VM-based
                 driver approaches. Using the TwinDrivers hypervisor
                 driver, we are able to improve the guest domain
                 networking throughput in Xen by a factor of 2.4 for
                 transmit workloads, and 2.1 for receive workloads, both
                 in CPU-scaled units, and achieve close to 64-67 of
                 native Linux throughput.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS 2009 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Mlynski:2009:IIP,
  author =       "Maciej Mlynski",
  title =        "The influence of the {IBM pSeries} servers
                 virtualization mechanism on dynamic resource allocation
                 in {AIX 5L}",
  journal =      j-SCPE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "189--199",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1895-1767",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 2 11:55:11 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.scpe.org/content/10/2.toc",
  URL =          "http://www.scpe.org/vols/vol10/no2/SCPE_10_2_05.pdf;
                 http://www.scpe.org/vols/vol10/no2/SCPE_10_2_05.zip",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Morimoto:2009:WSH,
  author =       "Rand Morimoto and Jeff Guillet",
  title =        "{Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V} unleashed",
  publisher =    pub-SAMS,
  address =      pub-SAMS:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 459",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-7686-8567-2, 0-672-33028-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7686-8567-1, 978-0-672-33028-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 M656 2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/9780768685671",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows server Hyper-V; Virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@Article{Ortin:2009:EVM,
  author =       "Francisco Ortin and Jose Manuel Redondo and J.
                 Baltasar Garc{\'\i}a Perez-Schofield",
  title =        "Efficient virtual machine support of runtime
                 structural reflection",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "836--860",
  day =          "15",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 1 18:39:29 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
}

@Book{Picht:2009:XKI,
  author =       "Hans-Joachim Picht and Sebastian Ott",
  title =        "{Xen Kochbuch: intelligente
                 Virtualisierungsl{\"o}sungen mit XEN 3}",
  publisher =    pub-ORA,
  address =      pub-ORA:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 461",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "3-89721-729-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-89721-729-4",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:37:34 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  price =        "EUR 44.90",
  URL =          "http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/572426836.PDF",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Ruest:2009:VBG,
  author =       "Danielle Ruest and Nelson Ruest",
  title =        "Virtualization: a beginner's guide",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xx + 442",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-07-161401-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-161401-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 R88 2009",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:13:02 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Network professional's library",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Schocken:2009:VMA,
  author =       "Shimon Schocken",
  title =        "Virtual machines: abstraction and implementation",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "203--207",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1595496.1562943",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 15:44:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of ITiCSE '09.",
  abstract =     "Various forms of virtualization play key roles in the
                 construction and usage of diverse system artifacts
                 ranging from modern compilers to hardware migration to
                 mobile computing. Virtualization is also a powerful
                 concept on cognitive grounds, requiring considerable
                 abstraction skills and modeling abilities. We present a
                 methodology, a software tool, and a set of
                 instructional resources designed to expose students to
                 virtual machines, focusing on both abstraction and
                 implementation issues. An early version of our
                 methodology appeared in a book form [4] in which we
                 describe how to build a complete computer system ---
                 hardware and software --- in one semester. Recently
                 we've re-written our VM emulation software and
                 consolidated all our VM materials into a web site that
                 supports a stand-alone module on virtual machines [5].
                 This module can be plugged into many system-oriented CS
                 courses. All the resources that we present are freely
                 available in open source and are presently used
                 successfully in several universities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Silva:2009:UVI,
  author =       "L. M. Silva and J. Alonso and J. Torres",
  title =        "Using Virtualization to Improve Software
                 Rejuvenation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1525--1538",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2009.119",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 4 11:37:44 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5184821",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Book{Spinellis:2009:BA,
  editor =       "Diomidis Spinellis and Georgios Gousios",
  title =        "Beautiful architecture",
  publisher =    pub-ORA-MEDIA,
  address =      pub-ORA-MEDIA:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 404",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-596-15578-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-596-15578-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.754 .B43 2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:05:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/9780596155780",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "What is architecture / by John Klein and David Weiss
                 \\
                 A tale of two systems: a modern-day software fable / by
                 Pete Goodliffe \\
                 Architecting for scale / by Jim Waldo \\
                 Making memories / by Michael Nygard \\
                 Resource-oriented architectures: being ``in the web'' /
                 by Brian Sletten \\
                 Data grows up: the architecture of the Facebook
                 platform / by Dave Fetterman \\
                 Xen and the beauty of virtualization / by Derek Murray
                 and Keir Fraser \\
                 Guardian: a fault-tolerant operating system environment
                 / by Greg Lehey \\
                 JPC: an X86 PC emulator in pure Java / by Rhys Newman
                 and Christopher Dennis \\
                 The strength of metacircular virtual machines: JIKES
                 RVM / by Ian Rogers and Dave Grove \\
                 GNU EMACS: creeping featurism is a strength / by Jim
                 Blandy \\
                 When the bazaar sets out to build cathedrals / by Till
                 Adam and Mirko Boehm \\
                 Software architecture: object-oriented versus
                 functional / by Bertrand Meyer \\
                 Reading the classics / by Panagiotis Louridas.",
  subject =      "computer software; development; software engineering;
                 computer architecture; software architecture",
}

@Article{Sridevi:2009:NAE,
  author =       "R. Sridevi and A. Damodaram and S. V. L. Narasimham",
  title =        "A novel architecture for enhanced security through
                 virtualisation and spoofing",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "2009",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "12--16",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(09)70100-X",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 17:00:08 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135348580970100X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Book{Stagner:2009:PHV,
  author =       "Harley Stagner and Jon Rolfe and Greg Shields",
  title =        "Pro {Hyper-V}",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 425",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "1-4302-1908-4, 1-4302-1909-2 (electronic)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4302-1908-8, 978-1-4302-1909-5 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 S83 2009",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:13:11 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Expert's voice in virtualization",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows server Hyper-V; Virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@Article{Tickoo:2009:MVM,
  author =       "Omesh Tickoo and Ravi Iyer and Ramesh Illikkal and Don
                 Newell",
  title =        "Modeling virtual machine performance: challenges and
                 approaches",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "55--60",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1710115.1710126",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 25 07:34:40 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Data centers are increasingly employing virtualization
                 and consolidation as a means to support a large number
                 of disparate applications running simultaneously on
                 server platforms. However, server platforms are still
                 being designed and evaluated based on performance
                 modeling of a single highly parallel application or a
                 set of homogeneous work-loads running simultaneously.
                 Since most future datacenters are expected to employ
                 server virtualization, this paper takes a look at the
                 challenges of modeling virtual machine (VM) performance
                 on a datacenter server. Based on vConsolidate (a server
                 virtualization benchmark) and latest multi-core
                 servers, we show that the VM modeling challenge
                 requires addressing three key problems: (a) modeling
                 the contention of visible resources (cores, memory
                 capacity, I/O devices, etc), (b) modeling the
                 contention of invisible resources (shared
                 microarchitecture resources, shared cache, shared
                 memory bandwidth, etc) and (c) modeling overheads of
                 virtual machine monitor (or hypervisor) implementation.
                 We take a first step to addressing this problem by
                 describing a VM performance modeling approach and
                 performing a detailed case study based on the
                 vConsolidate benchmark. We conclude by outlining
                 outstanding problems for future work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
  keywords =     "CMP; consolidation; measurement; modeling; performance
                 analysis; servers; virtualization",
}

@MastersThesis{vanderKouwe:2009:PQV,
  author =       "Erik van der Kouwe",
  title =        "Porting the {QEMU} Virtualization Software to {MINIX
                 3}",
  type =         "{Master}'s thesis",
  school =       "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "????",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2009",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 24 08:59:21 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.few.vu.nl/%7Evdkouwe/doc/msc-thesis-cs-presentation-erik-van-der-kouwe.pdf;
                 http://www.minix3.org/theses/kouwe-qemu.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wein:2009:VGT,
  author =       "Joel Wein and Kirill Kourtchikov and Yan Cheng and Ron
                 Gutierez and Roman Khmelichek and Matthew Topol and
                 Chris Sherman",
  title =        "Virtualized games for teaching about distributed
                 systems",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "246--250",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1539024.1508955",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 15:44:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of SIGCSE '09.",
  abstract =     "Complex distributed systems are increasingly important
                 in modern computer science, yet many undergraduate
                 curricula do not give students the opportunity to
                 develop the skill sets necessary to grapple with the
                 complexity of such systems. We have developed and
                 integrated into an undergraduate elective course on
                 parallel and distributed computing a teaching tool that
                 may help students develop these skill sets. The tool
                 uses virtualization to ease the burden of resourcing
                 and configuring complex systems for student study, and
                 creates varied ``firefighting'' gaming scenarios in
                 which students compete to keep the system up and
                 running in the presence of multiple issues. Preliminary
                 experience indicates that (1) students find the tool
                 engaging and (2) it is a manageable way in which to
                 give students a novel perspective on interaction with
                 complex distributed systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Wells:2009:DHN,
  author =       "Philip M. Wells and Koushik Chakraborty and Gurindar
                 S. Sohi",
  title =        "Dynamic heterogeneity and the need for multicore
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--14",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1531793.1531797",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 23 19:43:22 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As the computing industry enters the multicore era,
                 exponential growth in the number of transistors on a
                 chip continues to present challenges and opportunities
                 for computer architects and system designers. We
                 examine one emerging issue in particular: that of
                 dynamic heterogeneity, which can arise, even among
                 physically homogeneous cores, from changing
                 reliability, power, or thermal conditions, different
                 cache and TLB contents, or changing resource
                 configurations. This heterogeneity results in a
                 constantly varying pool of hardware resources, which
                 greatly complicates software's traditional task of
                 assigning computation to cores. In part to address
                 dynamic heterogeneity, we argue that hardware should
                 take a more active role in the management of its
                 computation resources. We propose hardware techniques
                 to virtualize the cores of a multicore processor,
                 allowing hardware to flexibly reassign the virtual
                 processors that are exposed, even to a single operating
                 system, to any subset of the physical cores. We show
                 that multicore virtualization operates with minimal
                 overhead, and that it enables several novel resource
                 management applications for improving both performance
                 and reliability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Williams:2009:STD,
  author =       "Daniel Williams and Wei Hu and Jack W. Davidson and
                 Jason D. Hiser and John C. Knight and Anh
                 Nguyen-Tuong",
  title =        "Security through Diversity: Leveraging Virtual Machine
                 Technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--33",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2009.18",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 2 10:02:21 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{Wood:2009:MBE,
  author =       "Timothy Wood and Gabriel Tarasuk-Levin and Prashant
                 Shenoy and Peter Desnoyers and Emmanuel Cecchet and
                 Mark D. Corner",
  title =        "Memory buddies: exploiting page sharing for smart
                 colocation in virtualized data centers",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--36",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1618525.1618529",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 22 12:51:49 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Many data center virtualization solutions, such as
                 VMware ESX, employ content-based page sharing to
                 consolidate the resources of multiple servers. Page
                 sharing identifies virtual machine memory pages with
                 identical content and consolidates them into a single
                 shared page. This technique, implemented at the host
                 level, applies only between VMs placed on a given
                 physical host. In a multiserver data center,
                 opportunities for sharing may be lost because the VMs
                 holding identical pages are resident on different
                 hosts. In order to obtain the full benefit of
                 content-based page sharing it is necessary to place
                 virtual machines such that VMs with similar memory
                 content are located on the same hosts.\par

                 In this paper we present Memory Buddies, a memory
                 sharing aware placement system for virtual machines.
                 This system includes a memory fingerprinting system to
                 efficiently determine the sharing potential among a set
                 of VMs, and compute more efficient placements. In
                 addition it makes use of live migration to optimize VM
                 placement as workloads change. We have implemented a
                 prototype Memory Buddies system with VMware ESX Server
                 and present experimental results on our testbed, as
                 well as an analysis of an extensive memory trace study.
                 Evaluation of our prototype using a mix of enterprise
                 and e-commerce applications demonstrates an increase of
                 data center capacity (i.e. number of VMs supported) of
                 17\%, while imposing low overhead and scaling to as
                 many as a thousand servers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "consolidation; page sharing; virtualization",
}

@Article{Wood:2009:SBB,
  author =       "Timothy Wood and Prashant Shenoy and Arun
                 Venkataramani and Mazin Yousif",
  title =        "{Sandpiper}: {Black}-box and gray-box resource
                 management for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "2923--2938",
  day =          "3",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 2 08:42:35 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
}

@Article{Yermolovich:2009:ODL,
  author =       "Alexander Yermolovich and Christian Wimmer and Michael
                 Franz",
  title =        "Optimization of dynamic languages using hierarchical
                 layering of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "79--88",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1640134.1640147",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 31 22:04:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Creating an interpreter is a simple and fast way to
                 implement a dynamic programming language. With this
                 ease also come major drawbacks. Interpreters are
                 significantly slower than compiled machine code because
                 they have a high dispatch overhead and cannot perform
                 optimizations. To overcome these limitations,
                 interpreters are commonly combined with just-in-time
                 compilers to improve the overall performance. However,
                 this means that a just-in-time compiler has to be
                 implemented for each language.\par

                 We explore the approach of taking an interpreter of a
                 dynamic language and running it on top of an optimizing
                 trace-based virtual machine, i.e., we run a {\em guest
                 VM\/} on top of a {\em host VM}. The host VM uses trace
                 recording to observe the guest VM executing the
                 application program. Each recorded trace represents a
                 sequence of guest VM bytecodes corresponding to a given
                 execution path through the application program. The
                 host VM optimizes and compiles these traces to machine
                 code, thus eliminating the need for a custom
                 just-in-time compiler for the guest VM. The guest VM
                 only needs to provide basic information about its
                 interpreter loop to the host VM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "actionscript; dynamic languages; hierarchical virtual
                 machines; Lua; trace compilation",
}

@Article{Zhao:2009:DMB,
  author =       "Weiming Zhao and Zhenlin Wang and Yingwei Luo",
  title =        "Dynamic memory balancing for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "37--47",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1618525.1618530",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 22 12:51:49 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization essentially enables multiple operating
                 systems and applications to run on one physical
                 computer by multiplexing hardware resources. A key
                 motivation for applying virtualization is to improve
                 hardware resource utilization while maintaining
                 reasonable quality of service. However, such a goal
                 cannot be achieved without efficient resource
                 management. Though most physical resources, such as
                 processor cores and I/O devices, are shared among
                 virtual machines using time slicing and can be
                 scheduled flexibly based on priority, allocating an
                 appropriate amount of main memory to virtual machines
                 is more challenging. Different applications have
                 different memory requirements. Even a single
                 application shows varied working set sizes during its
                 execution. An optimal memory management strategy under
                 a virtualized environment thus needs to dynamically
                 adjust memory allocation for each virtual machine,
                 which further requires a prediction model that
                 forecasts its host physical memory needs on the fly.
                 This paper introduces MEmory Balancer (MEB) which
                 dynamically monitors the memory usage of each virtual
                 machine, accurately predicts its memory needs, and
                 periodically reallocates host memory. MEB uses two
                 effective memory predictors which, respectively,
                 estimate the amount of memory available for reclaiming
                 without a notable performance drop, and additional
                 memory required for reducing the virtual machine paging
                 penalty. Our experimental results show that our
                 prediction schemes yield high accuracy and low
                 overhead. Furthermore, the overall system throughput
                 can be significantly improved with MEB.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
  keywords =     "LRU histogram; memory balancing; virtual machine",
}

@Article{Agesen:2010:EXV,
  author =       "Ole Agesen and Alex Garthwaite and Jeffrey Sheldon and
                 Pratap Subrahmanyam",
  title =        "The evolution of an x86 virtual machine monitor",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--18",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899930",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Barr:2010:VMV,
  author =       "Ken Barr and Prashanth Bungale and Stephen Deasy and
                 Viktor Gyuris and Perry Hung and Craig Newell and
                 Harvey Tuch and Bruno Zoppis",
  title =        "The {VMware} mobile virtualization platform: is that a
                 hypervisor in your pocket?",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "124--135",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899945",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Basak:2010:VNS,
  author =       "Debashis Basak and Rohit Toshniwal and Serge Maskalik
                 and Allwyn Sequeira",
  title =        "Virtualizing networking and security in the cloud",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "86--94",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899939",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Berl:2010:NVE,
  author =       "Andreas Berl and Nicholas Race and Johnathan Ishmael
                 and Hermann de Meer",
  title =        "Network virtualization in energy-efficient office
                 environments",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "2856--2868",
  day =          "15",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 2 08:42:41 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
}

@Article{Bledsoe:2010:VLO,
  author =       "Greg Bledsoe",
  title =        "Virtualization the {Linux\slash OSS} way",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2010",
  number =       "198",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 23 11:41:56 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux-journal.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Book{Boddenberg:2010:WSR,
  author =       "Ulrich B. Boddenberg",
  title =        "{Windows Server 2008 R2 das umfassende Handbuch}.
                 ({German}) [Windows Server 2008 {R2}: the Complete
                 Handbook]",
  publisher =    "Galileo Press",
  address =      "Bonn, Germany",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "1410",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "3-8362-1528-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8362-1528-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Galileo computing",
  URL =          "http://www.galileocomputing.de/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Konzeption, Installation und Konfiguration;
                 Anwendungsszenarien und praxisrelevante L{\"o}sungen;
                 inkl. Active Directory, Zertifikatdienste, Windows
                 7-Integration; inkl. Hyper-V Boddenberg",
  subject =      "Windows Server 2008",
}

@Article{Boutcher:2010:DVM,
  author =       "David Boutcher and Abhishek Chandra",
  title =        "Does virtualization make disk scheduling pass{\'e}?",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--24",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1740390.1740396",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 17 14:10:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We examine whether traditional disk I/O scheduling
                 still provides benefits in a layered system consisting
                 of virtualized operating systems and underlying virtual
                 machine monitor. We demonstrate that choosing the
                 appropriate scheduling algorithm in guest operating
                 systems provides performance benefits, while scheduling
                 in the virtual machine monitor has no measurable
                 advantage. We propose future areas for investigation,
                 including schedulers optimized for running in a virtual
                 machine, for running in a virtual machine monitor, and
                 layered schedulers optimizing both application level
                 access and the underlying storage technology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Campanoni:2010:HFP,
  author =       "Simone Campanoni and Giovanni Agosta and Stefano
                 Crespi Reghizzi and Andrea Di Biagio",
  title =        "A highly flexible, parallel virtual machine: design
                 and experience of {ILDJIT}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "177--207",
  day =          "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.950",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 17 10:16:22 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0038-0644;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "Jan 14 2010 4:49AM",
}

@Article{Chafi:2010:LVH,
  author =       "Hassan Chafi and Zach DeVito and Adriaan Moors and
                 Tiark Rompf and Arvind K. Sujeeth and Pat Hanrahan and
                 Martin Odersky and Kunle Olukotun",
  title =        "Language virtualization for heterogeneous parallel
                 computing",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "835--847",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1932682.1869527",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 26 15:13:46 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Chow:2010:MSR,
  author =       "Jim Chow and Dominic Lucchetti and Tal Garfinkel and
                 Geoffrey Lefebvre and Ryan Gardner and Joshua Mason and
                 Sam Small and Peter M. Chen",
  title =        "Multi-stage replay with {Crosscut}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "13--24",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1837854.1736002",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 17:55:01 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Deterministic record-replay has many useful
                 applications, ranging from fault tolerance and
                 forensics to reproducing and diagnosing bugs. When
                 choosing a record-replay solution, the system
                 administrator must choose a priori how comprehensively
                 to record the execution and at what abstraction level
                 to record it. Unfortunately, these choices may not
                 match well with how the recording is eventually used. A
                 recording may contain too little information to support
                 the end use of replay, or it may contain more sensitive
                 information than is allowed to be shown to the end user
                 of replay. Similarly, fixing the abstraction level at
                 the time of recording often leads to a semantic
                 mismatch with the end use of replay.\par

                 This paper describes how to remedy these problems by
                 adding customizable replay stages to create
                 special-purpose logs for the end users of replay. Our
                 system, called Crosscut, allows replay logs to be
                 'sliced' along time and abstraction boundaries. Using
                 this approach, users can create slices that include
                 only the processes, applications, or components of
                 interest, excluding parts that handle sensitive data.
                 Users can also retarget the abstraction level of the
                 replay log to higher-level platforms, such as Perl or
                 Valgrind. Execution can then be augmented with
                 additional analysis code at replay time, without
                 disturbing the replayed components in the slice.
                 Crosscut thus uses replay itself to transform logs into
                 a more efficient, secure, and usable form for
                 replay-based applications.\par

                 Our current Crosscut prototype builds on VMware
                 Workstation's record-replay capabilities, and supports
                 a variety of different replay environments. We show how
                 Crosscut can create slices of only the parts of the
                 computation of interest and thereby avoid leaking
                 sensitive information, and we show how to retarget the
                 abstraction level of the log to enable more convenient
                 use during replay debugging.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "design; experimentation; performance; replay;
                 security; virtual machines",
}

@Article{Chowdhury:2010:SNV,
  author =       "N. M. Mosharaf Kabir Chowdhury and Raouf Boutaba",
  title =        "A survey of network virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "862--876",
  day =          "8",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 2 08:42:37 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
}

@Article{Cohen:2010:VS,
  author =       "Fred Cohen",
  title =        "The Virtualization Solution",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "60--63",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2010.108",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 26 15:44:06 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{Courbot:2010:EBD,
  author =       "Alexandre Courbot and Gilles Grimaud and Jean-Jacques
                 Vandewalle",
  title =        "Efficient off-board deployment and customization of
                 virtual machine-based embedded systems",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 15 18:41:02 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J840",
}

@TechReport{Cox:2010:REM,
  author =       "Russ Cox",
  title =        "Regular Expression Matching in the Wild",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "swtch.com",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2010",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 27 11:39:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/plan9.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Thompson:1968:PTR,Kernighan:1999:REL,Cox:2007:REM,Cox:2009:REM,Cox:2012:REM}",
  URL =          "http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp3.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Creeger:2010:MEA,
  author =       "Mache Creeger",
  title =        "Moving to the Edge: An {ACM CTO} Roundtable on Network
                 Virtualization",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "20",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 2 17:56:54 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
}

@Article{Creeger:2010:MEC,
  author =       "Mache Creeger",
  title =        "Moving to the edge: a {CTO} roundtable on network
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "55--62",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1787234.1787251",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 3 19:19:03 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Leading experts debate how virtualization and clouds
                 impact network service architectures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Dhiman:2010:VSE,
  author =       "Gaurav Dhiman and Giacomo Marchetti and Tajana
                 Rosing",
  title =        "{vGreen}: a System for Energy-Efficient Management of
                 Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-TODAES,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "ATASFO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1870109.1870115",
  ISSN =         "1084-4309 (print), 1557-7309 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-4309",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 9 11:12:21 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/todaes/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/todaes.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we present vGreen, a multitiered
                 software system for energy-efficient virtual machine
                 management in a clustered virtualized environment. The
                 system leverages the use of novel hierarchical metrics
                 that work across the different abstractions in a
                 virtualized environment to capture power and
                 performance characteristics of both the virtual and
                 physical machines. These characteristics are then used
                 to implement policies for scheduling and power
                 management of virtual machines across the cluster.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J776",
}

@Article{Ejarque:2010:ESV,
  author =       "Jorge Ejarque and Marc de Palol and {\'I}{\~n}igo
                 Goiri and Ferran Juli{\`a} and Jordi Guitart and Rosa
                 M. Badia and Jordi Torres",
  title =        "Exploiting semantics and virtualization for
                 {SLA}-driven resource allocation in service providers",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "541--572",
  day =          "10",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1468",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 5 10:08:42 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Prac\-tice and
                 Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "15 Sep 2009",
}

@Article{Flouris:2010:EBL,
  author =       "Michail D. Flouris and Renaud Lachaize and
                 Konstantinos Chasapis and Angelos Bilas",
  title =        "Extensible block-level storage virtualization in
                 cluster-based systems",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "800--824",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 1 16:27:29 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Fu:2010:FAR,
  author =       "Song Fu",
  title =        "Failure-aware resource management for
                 high-availability computing clusters with distributed
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "384--393",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 1 16:27:28 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Misc{Green:2010:SUS,
  author =       "David Green",
  title =        "The {Sydney University SILLIAC}",
  howpublished = "Web site",
  day =          "14",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2010",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 20 11:17:49 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "The SILLIAC was the first computer installed at Sydney
                 University, and was operational from 1956 to 1968. The
                 Web site links to the SILLIAC Emulator, a C program for
                 Microsoft Windows.",
  URL =          "http://members.iinet.net.au/~dgreen/silliac.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The SILLIAC was based on von Neumann's IAS machine.",
}

@Article{Gupta:2010:DEH,
  author =       "Diwaker Gupta and Sangmin Lee and Michael Vrable and
                 Stefan Savage and Alex C. Snoeren and George Varghese
                 and Geoffrey M. Voelker and Amin Vahdat",
  title =        "Difference engine: harnessing memory redundancy in
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "85--93",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1831407.1831429",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 1 21:13:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine monitors (VMMs) are a popular platform
                 for Internet hosting centers and cloud-based compute
                 services. By multiplexing hardware resources among
                 virtual machines (VMs) running commodity operating
                 systems, VMMs decrease both the capital outlay and
                 management overhead of hosting centers. Appropriate
                 placement and migration policies can take advantage of
                 statistical multiplexing to effectively utilize
                 available processors. However, main memory is not
                 amenable to such multiplexing and is often the primary
                 bottleneck in achieving higher degrees of
                 consolidation.\par

                 Previous efforts have shown that content-based page
                 sharing provides modest decreases in the memory
                 footprint of VMs running similar operating systems and
                 applications. Our studies show that significant
                 additional gains can be had by leveraging both subpage
                 level sharing (through page patching) and incore memory
                 compression. We build {\em Difference Engine}, an
                 extension to the Xen VMM, to support each of these---in
                 addition to standard copy-on-write full-page
                 sharing---and demonstrate substantial savings across
                 VMs running disparate workloads (up to 65\%). In
                 head-to-head memory-savings comparisons, Difference
                 Engine outperforms VMware ESX server by a factor
                 1.6--2.5 for heterogeneous workloads. In all cases, the
                 performance overhead of Difference Engine is less than
                 7\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Haase:2010:SDV,
  author =       "Jan Haase and Andreas Hofmann and Klaus Waldschmidt",
  title =        "A Self Distributing Virtual Machine for Adaptive
                 Multicore Environments",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--37",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 1 16:06:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0885-7458&volume=38&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0885-7458&volume=38&issue=1&spage=19",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Article{Hahn:2010:UVL,
  author =       "Dongwoon Hahn and Ginnah Lee and Brenton Walker and
                 Matt Beecher and Padma Mundur",
  title =        "Using virtualization and live migration in a scalable
                 mobile wireless testbed",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "21--25",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1925019.1925024",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 12 17:27:21 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Hansen:2010:SVM,
  author =       "Jacob Gorm Hansen and Eric Jul",
  title =        "Scalable virtual machine storage using local disks",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "71--79",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899936",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Herrod:2010:SRD,
  author =       "Stephen Alan Herrod",
  title =        "Systems research and development at {VMware}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899949",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Hess:2010:PVS,
  author =       "Kenneth Hess and Amy Newman",
  title =        "Practical Virtualization Solutions: Virtualization
                 from the Trenches",
  publisher =    "Prentice Hall\slash Pearson Education",
  address =      "Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA",
  pages =        "xxiii + 304",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-13-714297-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-714297-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 H47 2010",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 21 14:38:30 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Negus software solutions series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Management",
  tableofcontents = "Virtualization basics and techology choices: To
                 virtualize or not to virtualize \\
                 Comparing virtualization technologies \\
                 VMware server \\
                 VMware ESXi \\
                 Citrix XenServer \\
                 Microsoft virtual PC \\
                 Microsoft Hyper-V \\
                 VirtualBox \\
                 Applying virtualization: Server virtualization in
                 action \\
                 Desktop virtualization in action \\
                 Network and storage virtualization in action \\
                 Building the virtual infrastructure : hardware's role
                 in virtualization: Form-factor choices and their
                 implications \\
                 Choosing a vendor \\
                 Beyond the box \\
                 From development to production : managing the virtual
                 infrastructure: Laying the foundation : the planning
                 stage \\
                 Deployment \\
                 Postproduction : wrapping it up \\
                 Virtual machine installation",
}

@Article{Hoang:2010:CAN,
  author =       "Giang Hoang and Chang Bae and John Lange and Lide
                 Zhang and Peter Dinda and Russ Joseph",
  title =        "A Case for Alternative Nested Paging Models for
                 Virtualized Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--20",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/L-CA.2010.6",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Address translation often emerges as a critical
                 performance bottleneck for virtualized systems and has
                 recently been the impetus for hardware paging
                 mechanisms. These mechanisms apply similar translation
                 models for both guest and host address translations. We
                 make an important observation that the model employed
                 to translate from guest physical addresses (GPAs) to
                 host physical addresses (HPAs) is in fact orthogonal to
                 the model used to translate guest virtual addresses
                 (GVAs) to GPAs. Changing this model requires VMM
                 cooperation, but has no implications for guest OS
                 compatibility. As an example, we consider a hashed page
                 table approach for GPA -> HPA translation. Nested
                 paging, widely considered the most promising approach,
                 uses unhashed multi-level forward page tables for both
                 GVA -> GPA and GPA -> HPA translations, resulting in a
                 potential O(n(2)) page walk cost on a TLB miss, for
                 n-level page tables. In contrast, the hashed page table
                 approach results in an expected O(n) cost. Our
                 simulation results show that when a hashed page table
                 is used in the nested level, the performance of the
                 memory system is not worse, and sometimes even better
                 than a nested forward-mapped page table due to reduced
                 page walks and cache pressure. This showcases the
                 potential for alternative paging mechanisms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Hoang, GA (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ,
                 Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Hoang, Giang; Bae, Chang;
                 Lange, John; Dinda, Peter; Joseph, Russ, Northwestern
                 Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Zhang, Lide, Univ
                 Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "731BP",
  eissn =        "1556-6064",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "Computer Architecture; Nested Paging; Virtual Memory;
                 Virtualization",
  number-of-cited-references = "11",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  researcherid-numbers = "Joseph, Russell/B-7230-2009 Dinda,
                 Peter/B-7142-2009",
  times-cited =  "5",
  unique-id =    "Hoang:2010:CAN",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Jin:2010:GTF,
  author =       "Hai Jin and Guofu Xiang and Deqing Zou and Feng Zhao
                 and Min Li and Chen Yu",
  title =        "A guest-transparent file integrity monitoring method
                 in virtualization environment",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "256--266",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 21:50:41 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122110000180",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
}

@Article{Jo:2010:TFT,
  author =       "Heeseung Jo and Hwanju Kim and Jae-Wan Jang and
                 Joonwon Lee and Seungryoul Maeng",
  title =        "Transparent Fault Tolerance of Device Drivers for
                 Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1466--1479",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2010.61",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 3 11:52:33 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5432158",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Book{Kelbley:2010:WSR,
  author =       "John Kelbley and Mike Sterling",
  title =        "{Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V}: insiders guide to
                 {Microsoft}'s {Hypervisor}",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-470-62700-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-62700-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 K453 2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:06:20 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Get the inside scoop on Hyper-V for Windows Server
                 2008 R2. Virtualization is a top priority for thousands
                 of companies all over the world. Written by an author
                 team that is part of the Windows virtualization group
                 at Microsoft, Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V will walk
                 you through Hyper-V essentials so you can get you up to
                 speed and down to business with Hyper-V. Now fully
                 updated for Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V, you will
                 find additional content on new features and
                 capabilities such as Live Migration and support for 64
                 Logical Processors (LP). Teaches how to manage virtual
                 machines with the latest System Center tools such as
                 Virtual Machine Manager 2008 R2, Data Protection
                 Manager 2010, and Operations Manager 2007 R2. Covers
                 all of the new functionalities of Windows Server 2008
                 R2 Hyper-V, including Live Migration, 64 LP support,
                 Processor Compatibility Mode, enhanced processor
                 functionality support, hot-add and remove of storage,
                 TCP Offload support, and VM Queue support. Demonstrates
                 key scenarios for Hyper-V, including server
                 consolidation, testing and development, Business
                 Continuity and Disaster Recovery, and Dynamic IT.
                 Provides step-by-step instructions and examples. This
                 insiders guide will help you get the most out of your
                 hardware and reduce cost with Windows Server 2008 R2
                 Hyper-V.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft Windows server Hyper-V; Virtual computer
                 systems",
}

@Article{Keller:2010:NVC,
  author =       "Eric Keller and Jakub Szefer and Jennifer Rexford and
                 Ruby B. Lee",
  title =        "{NoHype}: virtualized cloud infrastructure without the
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "350--361",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1815961.1816010",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 6 14:11:46 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Cloud computing is a disruptive trend that is changing
                 the way we use computers. The key underlying technology
                 in cloud infrastructures is virtualization -- so much
                 so that many consider virtualization to be one of the
                 key features rather than simply an implementation
                 detail. Unfortunately, the use of virtualization is the
                 source of a significant security concern. Because
                 multiple virtual machines run on the same server and
                 since the virtualization layer plays a considerable
                 role in the operation of a virtual machine, a malicious
                 party has the opportunity to attack the virtualization
                 layer. A successful attack would give the malicious
                 party control over the all-powerful virtualization
                 layer, potentially compromising the confidentiality and
                 integrity of the software and data of any virtual
                 machine. In this paper we propose removing the
                 virtualization layer, while retaining the key features
                 enabled by virtualization. Our NoHype architecture,
                 named to indicate the removal of the hypervisor,
                 addresses each of the key roles of the virtualization
                 layer: arbitrating access to CPU, memory, and I/O
                 devices, acting as a network device (e.g., Ethernet
                 switch), and managing the starting and stopping of
                 guest virtual machines. Additionally, we show that our
                 NoHype architecture may indeed be 'no hype' since
                 nearly all of the needed features to realize the NoHype
                 architecture are currently available as hardware
                 extensions to processors and I/O devices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  keywords =     "cloud computing; hypervisor; many-core; multi-core;
                 security; system architecture; virtualization",
}

@Article{Kotsovinos:2010:VBC,
  author =       "Evangelos Kotsovinos",
  title =        "Virtualization: Blessing or Curse?",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "40",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1874534.1889916",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 9 11:55:45 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
}

@Article{Krieger:2010:EMC,
  author =       "Orran Krieger and Phil McGachey and Arkady Kanevsky",
  title =        "Enabling a marketplace of clouds: {VMware}'s {vCloud}
                 director",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "103--114",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899942",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Laverick:2010:VVI,
  author =       "Mike Laverick",
  title =        "{VMware vSphere 4} implementation",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xxviii + 659",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-07-166452-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-166452-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 L39 2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware vSphere; Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Liu:2010:VMF,
  author =       "Qian Liu and Chuliang Weng and Minglu Li and Yuan
                 Luo",
  title =        "An In-{VM} Measuring Framework for Increasing Virtual
                 Machine Security in Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "56--62",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2010.143",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 15:02:36 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{Matthews:2010:WPO,
  author =       "Jeanna Neefe Matthews",
  title =        "Workshop proceedings and other publications in {\em
                 {Operating System Review\/}}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1740390.1740391",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 17 14:10:48 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In the last few years, Operating System Review has
                 published the full proceedings or best papers of
                 workshops on a variety of operating systems related
                 topics including storage, gossip-based networking, I/O
                 virtualization and more. Most recently, we have been
                 highlighting the nine workshops co-located with SOSP09.
                 If you are organizing a systems related workshop, we
                 would like to encourage you to consider publishing a
                 summary of the event and a collection of its best
                 papers in OSR. This gives the full SIGOPS community an
                 opportunity to taste the work being done in its many
                 focused sub-communities and gives workshop authors a
                 good venue for publishing their work.\par

                 For new workshops, it can be great way to spread the
                 word to potential attendees. For more established
                 workshops, OSR can help you develop a regular
                 publication strategy based on factors such as how often
                 the workshop occurs, how many total papers/pages of
                 material are produced, the number of attendees, the
                 acceptance rate for papers, etc. In some cases, OSR
                 itself may be able to publish the entire proceedings
                 for your workshop and if not, we can help you explore
                 alternatives for publishing all the papers including
                 working with ACM to have the full proceedings placed in
                 the ACM digital library.\par

                 There are some advantages to discussing publication in
                 OSR before the call for participation is released.
                 Specifically, ACM is working on some new policies
                 regarding the collection of permission or copyright
                 forms for workshop papers. If the call for
                 participation specifically mentions that papers will be
                 published in OSR, then it may be possible to avoid
                 collecting permission or copyright forms.\par

                 In addition to workshop papers, we would like to remind
                 everyone of the opportunity to publish other types of
                 work in OSR. OSR regularly publishes special topics
                 issues that are not organized around a particular
                 workshop or event. Most recently, in April 2009,
                 Mohamed Zahran and Kim Hazelwood put together a great
                 issue on the interaction of operating systems and
                 multicore chips. Organizing a special topics issue is a
                 chance to focus the community{\~A}{\={}{\^A}}$ 3 / 4
                 ${\^A}'s attention on a particular topic of interest
                 and assemble a single body of work exploring the topic
                 in more depth. Individual submissions on a wide variety
                 of operating system related topics are also accepted.
                 Papers are reviewed by our individual submission
                 committee, which is chaired by John Chandy (University
                 of Connecticut). We would especially like to encourage
                 polemics that explore points of disagreement in the
                 community, results of repeated research, memorials or
                 historical accounts, novel approaches to systems
                 education, works-in-progress and 'the case for' papers.
                 The review cycle for individual submissions is
                 currently around 2 months and if accepted, publication
                 is scheduled in the next issue of OSR.\par

                 We also regularly publish issues focused on systems
                 work in industry. Recently, there has been one such
                 issue per year --- 'Systems Work at Microsoft Research'
                 organized by Mike Schroeder in 2007, 'Systems Work at
                 IBM Research' organized by Dilma Da Silva and Robert
                 Wisniewski in 2008 and 'Computer Systems Research at HP
                 Labs' organized by Jay Wylie and Jeff Mogul in 2009.
                 This year, David Belson and Erik Nygren from Akamai are
                 organizing a collection of papers in the July issue and
                 Steve Herrod, Ben Verghese, Julia Austin, Orran Krieger
                 and Sharon Weber from VMware are organizing an issue in
                 December. Michael Kaminsky, and Scott Hahn are
                 organizing an issue on the systems work at Intel for
                 2011. We welcome suggestions for other industrial
                 issues. We thank everyone who has contributed to OSR!
                 We look forward to your submissions, suggestions for
                 special topics issues, comments, and continued help in
                 developing OSR into a great resource for the SIGOPS
                 community.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{McDougall:2010:VPP,
  author =       "Richard McDougall and Jennifer Anderson",
  title =        "Virtualization performance: perspectives and
                 challenges ahead",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "40--56",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899933",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Namjoshi:2010:NOP,
  author =       "Manjiri A. Namjoshi and Prasad A. Kulkarni",
  title =        "Novel online profiling for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "133--144",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1735997.1736016",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 17:55:01 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Application {\em profiling\/} is a popular technique
                 to improve program performance based on its behavior.
                 {\em Offline\/} profiling, although beneficial for
                 several applications, fails in cases where prior
                 program runs may not be feasible, or if changes in
                 input cause the profile to not match the behavior of
                 the actual program run. Managed languages, like Java
                 and C\\#, provide a unique opportunity to overcome the
                 drawbacks of offline profiling by generating the
                 profile information online during the current program
                 run. Indeed, online profiling is extensively used in
                 current VMs, especially during selective compilation to
                 improve program {\em startup\/} performance, as well as
                 during other feedback-directed optimizations.\par

                 In this paper we illustrate the drawbacks of the
                 current {\em reactive\/} mechanism of online profiling
                 during selective compilation. Current VM profiling
                 mechanisms are slow -- thereby delaying associated
                 transformations, and estimate future behavior based on
                 the program's immediate past -- leading to potential
                 misspeculation that limit the benefits of compilation.
                 We show that these drawbacks produce an average
                 performance loss of over 14.5\% on our set of benchmark
                 programs, over an {\em ideal offline\/} approach that
                 accurately compiles the hot methods early. We then
                 propose and evaluate the potential of a novel strategy
                 to achieve similar performance benefits with an online
                 profiling approach. Our new online profiling strategy
                 uses early determination of loop iteration bounds to
                 predict future method hotness. We explore and present
                 promising results on the potential, feasibility, and
                 other issues involved for the successful implementation
                 of this approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "java; online profiling; virtual machines",
}

@Book{Nemeth:2010:ULS,
  author =       "Evi Nemeth and Garth Snyder and Trent R. Hein and Ben
                 Whaley",
  title =        "{UNIX} and {Linux} System Administration Handbook",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  edition =      "Fourth",
  pages =        "xlvii + 1279",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-13-148005-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-148005-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.O63 N45 2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 27 11:07:42 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Revised edition of \cite{Nemeth:2001:USA}.",
  subject =      "Operating systems (Computers); UNIX (Computer file);
                 Linux",
  tableofcontents = "Where to start \\
                 Scripting and the shell \\
                 Booting and shutting down \\
                 Access control and rootly powers \\
                 Controlling processes \\
                 The filesystem \\
                 Adding new users \\
                 Storage \\
                 Periodic processes \\
                 Backups \\
                 Syslog and log files \\
                 Software installation and management \\
                 Drivers and the kernal \\
                 TCP/IP networking \\
                 Routing \\
                 Network hardware \\
                 DNS: The domain name system \\
                 The network file system \\
                 Sharing system files \\
                 Electronic mail \\
                 Network management and debugging \\
                 Security \\
                 Web hosting \\
                 Virtualization \\
                 The X window system \\
                 Printing \\
                 Data center basics \\
                 Green IT \\
                 Performance analysis \\
                 Cooperating with windows \\
                 Serial devices and terminals \\
                 Management, policy, and politics",
}

@InProceedings{Ristenpart:2010:WGR,
  author =       "Thomas Ristenpart and Scott Yilek",
  title =        "When good randomness goes bad: Virtual machine reset
                 vulnerabilities and hedging deployed cryptography",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:2010:NDS",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 09 16:01:46 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/prng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ndss/10/pdf/15.pdf;
                 http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ndss/10/proceedings.shtml",
  abstract =     "Random number generators (RNGs) are consistently a
                 weak link in the secure use of cryptography. Routine
                 cryptographic operations such as encryption and signing
                 can fail spectacularly given predictable or repeated
                 randomness, even when using good long-lived key
                 material. This has proved problematic in prior settings
                 when RNG implementation bugs, poor design, or
                 low-entropy sources have resulted in predictable
                 randomness. We investigate a new way in which RNGs fail
                 due to reuse of virtual machine (VM) snapshots. We
                 exhibit such VM reset vulnerabilities in widely-used
                 TLS clients and servers: the attacker takes advantage
                 of (or forces) snapshot replay to compromise sessions
                 or even expose a server's DSA signing key. Our next
                 contribution is a backwards-compatible framework for
                 hedging routine cryptographic operations against bad
                 randomness, thereby mitigating the damage due to
                 randomness failures. We apply our framework to the
                 OpenSSL library and experimentally confirm that it has
                 little overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pagecount =    "18",
  remark =       "Cite in \cite[reference 65]{Schneier:2015:SWC}.",
}

@Article{Scales:2010:DPS,
  author =       "Daniel J. Scales and Mike Nelson and Ganesh
                 Venkitachalam",
  title =        "The design of a practical system for fault-tolerant
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "30--39",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899932",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Schmidt:2010:VSB,
  author =       "Ren{\'e} W. Schmidt and Steffen Grarup",
  title =        "{vApp}: a standards-based container for cloud
                 providers",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "115--123",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899943",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Sciampacone:2010:EMS,
  author =       "R. A. Sciampacone and V. Sundaresan and D. Maier and
                 T. Gray-Donald",
  title =        "Exploitation of multicore systems in a {Java} virtual
                 machine",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1:1--1:11",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2010.2057911",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 20 14:29:19 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
}

@Article{Scott:2010:SLV,
  author =       "Stephen L. Scott and Geoffroy Vall{\'e}e and Thomas
                 Naughton and Anand Tikotekar and Christian Engelmann
                 and Hong Ong",
  title =        "System-level virtualization research at {Oak Ridge
                 National Laboratory}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "304--307",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 11 13:08:16 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Seely:2010:BVD,
  author =       "Andrew Seely",
  title =        "Building a Virtual {DNS} Appliance Using {Solaris 10},
                 {BIND}, and {VMware}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--34",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 10:42:09 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/june-2010-volume-35-number-3/building-virtual-dns-appliance-using-solaris-10-bind",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Simons:2010:VHP,
  author =       "Joshua E. Simons and Jeffrey Buell",
  title =        "Virtualizing high performance computing",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "136--145",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899946",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Soror:2010:AVM,
  author =       "Ahmed A. Soror and Umar Farooq Minhas and Ashraf
                 Aboulnaga and Kenneth Salem and Peter Kokosielis and
                 Sunil Kamath",
  title =        "Automatic virtual machine configuration for database
                 workloads",
  journal =      j-TODS,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "ATDSD3",
  ISSN =         "0362-5915 (print), 1557-4644 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-5915",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 15 12:22:52 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tods/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tods.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Database Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J777",
}

@Article{Soundararajan:2010:CBS,
  author =       "Vijayaraghavan Soundararajan and Kinshuk Govil",
  title =        "Challenges in building scalable virtualized datacenter
                 management",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "95--102",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899941",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Takemura:2010:BXP,
  author =       "Chris Takemura and Luke S. (Luke Seidel) Crawford",
  title =        "The book of {Xen}: a practical guide for the system
                 administrator",
  publisher =    pub-NO-STARCH,
  address =      pub-NO-STARCH:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 281",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "1-59327-186-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59327-186-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 C83 2009",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 16 10:34:11 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/?fpi=9781593271862",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Xen (electronic resource); virtual computer systems;
                 computer organization; parallel processing (electronic
                 computers)",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword / Paul Vixie \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Xen : a high-level overview \\
                 Getting started \\
                 Provisioning DomUs \\
                 Storage with Xen \\
                 Networking \\
                 DomU Management : tools and frontends \\
                 Hosting untrusted users under Xen : lessons from the
                 trenches \\
                 Beyond Linux : using Xen with other Unix-like OSs \\
                 Xen migration \\
                 Profiling and benchmarking under Xen \\
                 Citrix XenServer : Xen for the enterprise \\
                 HVM : beyond paravirtualization \\
                 Xen and Windows \\
                 Tips \\
                 Troubleshooting \\
                 Appendix A : xm reference \\
                 Appendix B : The structure of the Xen config file",
}

@Article{Thiruvathukal:2010:VCS,
  author =       "George K. Thiruvathukal and Konrad Hinsen and
                 Konstantin Laufer and Joe Kaylor",
  title =        "Virtualization for Computational Scientists",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "52--61",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "CSENFA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2010.92",
  ISSN =         "1521-9615 (print), 1558-366X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1521-9615",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 27 16:37:11 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computscieng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing in Science and Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5992",
}

@Book{Troy:2010:VC,
  author =       "Ryan Troy and Matthew Helmke",
  title =        "{VMware} cookbook",
  publisher =    pub-ORA-MEDIA,
  address =      pub-ORA-MEDIA:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 280",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-596-15725-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-596-15725-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 T76 2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 09:03:07 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Covers ESX and ESXi.",
  subject =      "VMware; Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Vaghani:2010:VMF,
  author =       "Satyam B. Vaghani",
  title =        "Virtual machine file system",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "57--70",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899935",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Book{Victor:2010:OSS,
  editor =       "Jeff Victor and Jeff Savit and Gary Combs and Simon
                 Hayler and Bob Netherton",
  title =        "{Oracle Solaris 10} system virtualization essentials",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "384 (est.)",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-13-708188-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-708188-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 O73 2010",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 9 14:55:54 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Solaris (Computer file); Virtual computer systems",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction to virtualization \\
                 Hard partitioning : dynamic domains \\
                 Oracle VM Server for SPARC \\
                 Oracle Solaris 10 as an x86 guest \\
                 Oracle VM virtualbox \\
                 Oracle Solaris containers \\
                 Choosing a virtualization technology \\
                 Applying virtualization \\
                 Virtualization management \\
                 History of virtualization and architectural evolution",
}

@Article{Waldspurger:2010:VEM,
  author =       "Carl Waldspurger",
  title =        "A {VM} 'Engine' that makes a difference: technical
                 perspective",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "84--84",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1831407.1831428",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 1 21:13:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@TechReport{Wang:2010:HLA,
  author =       "Zhi Wang and Xuxian Jiang",
  title =        "{HyperSafe}: a Lightweight Approach to Provide
                 Lifetime Hypervisor Control-Flow Integrity",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State
                 University",
  address =      "Raleigh, NC, USA",
  pages =        "16",
  year =         "2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 08:40:02 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/jiang/pubs/OAKLAND10.pdf",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is being widely adopted in today's
                 computing systems. Its unique security advantages in
                 isolating and introspecting commodity OSes as virtual
                 machines (VMs) have enabled a wide spectrum of
                 applications. However, a common, fundamental assumption
                 is the presence of a trustworthy hypervisor.
                 Unfortunately, the large code base of commodity
                 hypervisors and recent successful hypervisor attacks
                 (e.g., VM escape) seriously question the validity of
                 this assumption. In this paper, we present HyperSafe, a
                 lightweight approach that endows existing Type-I
                 bare-metal hypervisors with a unique self-protection
                 capability to provide lifetime controlflow integrity.
                 Specifically, we propose two key techniques. The first
                 one non-bypassable memory lockdown reliably protects
                 the hypervisor's code and static data from being
                 compromised even in the presence of exploitable memory
                 corruption bugs (e.g., buffer overflows), therefore
                 successfully providing hypervisor code integrity. The
                 second one restricted pointer indexing introduces one
                 layer of indirection to convert the control data into
                 pointer indexes. These pointer indexes are restricted
                 such that the corresponding call/return targets
                 strictly follow the hypervisor control flow graph,
                 hence expanding protection to control-flow integrity.
                 We have built a prototype and used it to protect two
                 open-source Type-I hypervisors: BitVisor and Xen. The
                 experimental results with synthetic hypervisor exploits
                 and benchmarking programs show HyperSafe can reliably
                 enable the hypervisor self-protection and provide the
                 integrity guarantee with a small performance
                 overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weber:2010:EVM,
  author =       "Michael Weber",
  title =        "An embeddable virtual machine for state space
                 generation",
  journal =      j-INT-J-SOFTW-TOOLS-TECHNOL-TRANSFER,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "97--111",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1433-2779 (print), 1433-2787 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1433-2779",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 11 07:13:37 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1433-2779&volume=12&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sttt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=1433-2779&volume=12&issue=2&spage=97",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal on Software Tools for Technology
                 Transfer: STTT",
}

@Article{Ye:2010:EES,
  author =       "Lei Ye and Gen Lu and Sushanth Kumar and Chris Gniady
                 and John H. Hartman",
  title =        "Energy-efficient storage in virtual machine
                 environments",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "75--84",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1735997.1736009",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 8 17:55:01 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Current trends in increasing storage capacity and
                 virtualization of resources combined with the need for
                 energy efficiency put a challenging task in front of
                 system designers. Previous studies have suggested many
                 approaches to reduce hard disk energy dissipation in
                 native OS environments; however, those mechanisms do
                 not perform well in virtual machine environments
                 because a virtual machine (VM) and the virtual machine
                 monitor (VMM) that runs it have different semantic
                 contexts. This paper explores the disk I/O activities
                 between VMM and VMs using trace driven simulation to
                 understand the I/O behavior of the VM system.
                 Subsequently, this paper proposes three mechanisms to
                 address the isolation between VMM and VMs, and increase
                 the burstiness of hard disk accesses to increase energy
                 efficiency of a hard disk. Compared to standard
                 shutdown mechanisms, with eight VMs the proposed
                 mechanisms reduce disk spin-ups, increase the disk
                 sleep time, and reduce energy consumption by 14.8\%
                 with only 0.5\% increase in execution time. We
                 implemented the proposed mechanisms in Xen and
                 validated our simulation results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  keywords =     "energy management; storage system; virtual machine",
}

@Article{Zhou:2010:VN,
  author =       "Shudong Zhou",
  title =        "Virtual networking",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "80--85",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899938",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:02:07 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@InProceedings{Appuswamy:2011:FMF,
  author =       "Raja Appuswamy and David C. van Moolenbroek and Andrew
                 S. Tanenbaum",
  editor =       "Andr{\'e} Brinkmann and David Pease",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Conference on Mass
                 Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST '11), 23--27 May
                 2011, Denver, CO, USA}",
  title =        "Flexible, Modular File Volume Virtualization in
                 {Loris}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "1--14",
  year =         "2011",
  DOI =          "????",
  ISBN =         "1-4577-0428-5, 1-4577-0427-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4577-0428-4, 978-1-4577-0427-7",
  LCCN =         "TK7895.M4",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 24 08:14:23 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5910685;
                 http://www.minix3.org/docs/loris/MSST2011.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pagecount =    "14",
}

@Article{Armstrong:2011:PIC,
  author =       "Django Armstrong and Karim Djemame",
  title =        "Performance Issues in Clouds: an Evaluation of Virtual
                 Image Propagation and {I/O} Paravirtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "836--849",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxr011",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 1 18:54:12 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/6.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/6/836.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "February 18, 2011",
}

@Article{Azmandian:2011:VMM,
  author =       "Fatemeh Azmandian and Micha Moffie and Malak
                 Alshawabkeh and Jennifer Dy and Javed Aslam and David
                 Kaeli",
  title =        "Virtual machine monitor-based lightweight intrusion
                 detection",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--53",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007183.2007189",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 18 16:13:32 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Bacon:2011:VAH,
  author =       "David F. Bacon",
  title =        "Virtualization in the age of heterogeneous machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952684",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Baride:2011:CBS,
  author =       "Srikanth Baride and Kamlesh Dutta",
  title =        "A cloud based software testing paradigm for mobile
                 applications",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1--4",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1968587.1968601",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:16:02 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The testing of applications for mobile computing
                 devices is cumbersome due to the bounded computational
                 resources that these devices have and diversity in
                 mobile environments. There are many different types of
                 emulators that have been proposed and used nowadays for
                 this purpose. But these emulators typically cannot
                 emulate: actual network speed and availability, actual
                 device specific content-rendering speed, memory
                 limitation, cache size, CPU speed, and stack size.
                 These emulators are designed for specific platforms,
                 which lack testing of applications on heterogeneous
                 mobile platforms. Cloud Computing has a potential to
                 overcome these challenges by taking up contemporary
                 progress in parallel and distributed systems,
                 virtualization, and software services. Cloud computing
                 empowers us to have adaptable and on-demand network
                 access to a common group of configurable computing
                 resources. In this article, we introduce a cloudbased
                 model that provides solutions to aforesaid challenges.
                 Our model sets up a mobile environment, actual device
                 and platform on the cloud resources for a given system
                 configuration. It also provides software testing
                 services to execute numerous tests automatically
                 according to a given application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Cecchet:2011:DVD,
  author =       "Emmanuel Cecchet and Rahul Singh and Upendra Sharma
                 and Prashant Shenoy",
  title =        "{Dolly}: virtualization-driven database provisioning
                 for the cloud",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "51--62",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952691",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Deng:2011:CDE,
  author =       "Yuhui Deng and Brandon Pung",
  title =        "Conserving disk energy in virtual machine based
                 environments by amplifying bursts",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "91",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--21",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 6 19:14:13 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0010-485X&volume=91&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0010-485X&volume=91&issue=1&spage=3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Do:2011:CAS,
  author =       "Tien Van Do",
  title =        "Comparison of Allocation Schemes for Virtual Machines
                 in Energy-Aware Server Farms",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1790--1797",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxr007",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 28 10:35:35 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/11.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "February 13, 2011",
}

@Article{Dobre:2011:VBA,
  author =       "Ciprian Dobre and Florin Pop and Valentin Cristea and
                 Ovidiu-Marian Achim",
  title =        "A Virtualization-based Approach to Dependable Service
                 Computing",
  journal =      j-SCPE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "337--350",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1895-1767",
  ISSN-L =       "1895-1767",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 10 09:03:33 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.scpe.org/index.php/scpe/issue/view/96",
  URL =          "http://www.scpe.org/index.php/scpe/article/view/728",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Special Issue: Selected Papers From the 2nd Workshop
                 on Software Services.",
}

@InProceedings{Dolan-Gavitt:2011:VNS,
  author =       "Brendan Dolan-Gavitt and Tim Leek and Michael Zhivich
                 and Jonathon Giffin and Wenke Lee",
  booktitle =    "{2011 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy}",
  title =        "Virtuoso: Narrowing the Semantic Gap in Virtual
                 Machine Introspection",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  month =        may,
  year =         "2011",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2011.11",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 7 14:53:55 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Introspection has featured prominently in many recent
                 security solutions, such as virtual machine-based
                 intrusion detection, forensic memory analysis, and
                 low-artifact malware analysis. Widespread adoption of
                 these approaches, however, has been hampered by the
                 semantic gap: in order to extract meaningful
                 information about the current state of a virtual
                 machine, detailed knowledge of the guest operating
                 system's inner workings is required. In this paper, we
                 present a novel approach for automatically creating
                 introspection tools for security applications with
                 minimal human effort. By analyzing dynamic traces of
                 small, in-guest programs that compute the desired
                 introspection information, we can produce new programs
                 that retrieve the same information from outside the
                 guest virtual machine. We demonstrate the efficacy of
                 our techniques by automatically generating 17 programs
                 that retrieve security information across 3 different
                 operating systems, and show that their functionality is
                 unaffected by the compromise of the guest system. Our
                 technique allows introspection tools to be effortlessly
                 generated for multiple platforms, and enables the
                 development of rich introspection-based security
                 applications",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Du:2011:PPV,
  author =       "Jiaqing Du and Nipun Sehrawat and Willy Zwaenepoel",
  title =        "Performance profiling of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "3--14",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952686",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@InProceedings{Fagin:2011:IPE,
  author =       "Barry S. Fagin and Dale J. Skrien",
  editor =       "Thomas J. Cortina",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 42nd ACM Technical Symposium on
                 Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 11)}",
  title =        "{IASSim}: a Programmable Emulator for the {Princeton
                 IAS\slash von Neumann Machine}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "359--364",
  year =         "2011",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1953163.1953271",
  ISBN =         "1-4503-0500-8 (print)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4503-0500-6 (print)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 16 16:38:13 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Fagin:2012:DSG} for an analysis and
                 debugging of von Neumann's computer programs.",
  URL =          "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1953163;
                 http://www.cs.colby.edu/djskrien/IASSim/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  lastaccessed = "17 November 2012",
}

@Article{Ferrell:2011:DRV,
  author =       "Robert G. Ferrell",
  title =        "{{\tt /dev/random}}: Virtualization: a Dark Proverb",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 10:42:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/october-2011-volume-36-number-5/devrandom-virtualization-dark-proverb",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Galvin:2011:PATa,
  author =       "Peter Baer Galvin",
  title =        "{Pete}'s All Things {Sun}: Comparing {Solaris} to
                 {RedHat Enterprise} and {AIX} --- Virtualization
                 Features",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 10:42:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/february-2011-volume-36-number-1/petes-all-things-sun-comparing-solaris-redhat",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Greamo:2011:SVM,
  author =       "Chris Greamo and Anup Ghosh",
  title =        "Sandboxing and Virtualization: Modern Tools for
                 Combating Malware",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "79--82",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2011.36",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 1 22:34:08 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
}

@Article{Jang:2011:ERC,
  author =       "Jae-Wan Jang and Myeongjae Jeon and Hyo-Sil Kim and
                 Heeseung Jo and Jin-Soo Kim and Seungryoul Maeng",
  title =        "Energy Reduction in Consolidated Servers through
                 Memory-Aware Virtual Machine Scheduling",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "552--564",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2010.82",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 29 10:26:18 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Jin:2011:OLM,
  author =       "Hai Jin and Wei Gao and Song Wu and Xuanhua Shi and
                 Xiaoxin Wu and Fan Zhou",
  title =        "Optimizing the live migration of virtual machine by
                 {CPU} scheduling",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1088--1096",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:43:59 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804510001116",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Kim:2011:PAP,
  author =       "Kyong Hoon Kim and Anton Beloglazov and Rajkumar
                 Buyya",
  title =        "Power-aware provisioning of virtual machines for
                 real-time {Cloud} services",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "1491--1505",
  day =          "10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1712",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 5 10:08:58 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "22 Mar 2011",
}

@Article{Kim:2011:XEC,
  author =       "Hwanju Kim and Heeseung Jo and Joonwon Lee",
  title =        "{XHive}: Efficient Cooperative Caching for Virtual
                 Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--119",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2010.83",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 29 10:26:18 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Kotsovinos:2011:VBC,
  author =       "Evangelos Kotsovinos",
  title =        "Virtualization: blessing or curse?",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--65",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1866739.1866754",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 23 17:45:01 MST 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Kourai:2011:FCP,
  author =       "Kenichi Kourai",
  title =        "Fast and correct performance recovery of operating
                 systems using a virtual machine monitor",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "99--110",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952696",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Kousiouris:2011:ESW,
  author =       "George Kousiouris and Tommaso Cucinotta and Theodora
                 Varvarigou",
  title =        "The effects of scheduling, workload type and
                 consolidation scenarios on virtual machine performance
                 and their prediction through optimized artificial
                 neural networks",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "84",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1270--1291",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 21 10:22:32 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Lagar-Cavilla:2011:SVM,
  author =       "H. Andr{\'e}s Lagar-Cavilla and Joseph A. Whitney and
                 Roy Bryant and Philip Patchin and Michael Brudno and
                 Eyal de Lara and Stephen M. Rumble and M.
                 Satyanarayanan and Adin Scannell",
  title =        "{SnowFlock}: Virtual Machine Cloning as a First-Class
                 Cloud Primitive",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:45",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1925109.1925111",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 28 16:17:43 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tocs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A basic building block of cloud computing is
                 virtualization. Virtual machines (VMs) encapsulate a
                 user's computing environment and efficiently isolate it
                 from that of other users. VMs, however, are large
                 entities, and no clear APIs exist yet to provide users
                 with programatic, fine-grained control on short time
                 scales. We present SnowFlock, a paradigm and system for
                 cloud computing that introduces VM cloning as a
                 first-class cloud abstraction. VM cloning exploits the
                 well-understood and effective semantics of UNIX fork.
                 We demonstrate multiple usage models of VM cloning:
                 users can incorporate the primitive in their code, can
                 wrap around existing toolchains via scripting, can
                 encapsulate the API within a parallel programming
                 framework, or can use it to load-balance and self-scale
                 clustered servers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J774",
}

@Article{Lange:2011:MOV,
  author =       "John R. Lange and Kevin Pedretti and Peter Dinda and
                 Patrick G. Bridges and Chang Bae and Philip Soltero and
                 Alexander Merritt",
  title =        "Minimal-overhead virtualization of a large scale
                 supercomputer",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "169--180",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952705",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Lange:2011:SSV,
  author =       "John R. Lange and Peter Dinda",
  title =        "{SymCall}: symbiotic virtualization through
                 {VMM}-to-guest upcalls",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "193--204",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952707",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Le:2011:EMO,
  author =       "Duy Le and Haining Wang",
  title =        "An Effective Memory Optimization for Virtual
                 Machine-Based Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1705--1713",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2011.37",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 7 09:02:09 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@InProceedings{Le:2011:REC,
  author =       "Kien Le and Ricardo Bianchini and Jingru Zhang and
                 Yogesh Jaluria and Jiandong Meng and Thu D. Nguyen",
  title =        "Reducing electricity cost through virtual machine
                 placement in high performance computing clouds",
  crossref =     "Lathrop:2011:SPI",
  pages =        "22:1--22:12",
  year =         "2011",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2063384.2063413",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 16 11:05:47 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/supercomputing2011.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
}

@Article{Liu:2011:LVM,
  author =       "Haikun Liu and Hai Jin and Xiaofei Liao and Chen Yu
                 and Cheng-Zhong Xu",
  title =        "Live Virtual Machine Migration via Asynchronous
                 Replication and State Synchronization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1986--1999",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2011.86",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 6 08:10:45 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Lombardi:2011:SVC,
  author =       "Flavio Lombardi and Roberto Di Pietro",
  title =        "Secure virtualization for cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1113--1122",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:43:59 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804510001062",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Book{Lowe:2011:MVV,
  author =       "Scott Lowe",
  title =        "Mastering {VMware vSphere5}",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xxv + 742",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-470-89080-0 (paperback), 1-118-18010-0 (ebk.),
                 1-118-18011-9 (ebk.), 1-118-18012-7 (ebk.)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-89080-6 (paperback), 978-1-118-18010-5
                 (e-book), 978-1-118-18011-2 (e-book), 978-1-118-18012-9
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 L685 2011",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 16 12:12:02 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Serious skills",
  abstract =     "Offers a comprehensive look at VMware technology, how
                 to implement it, and how to make the most of what it
                 offers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware vSphere; Virtual computer systems;
                 Virtualisierung.; VMware vSphere (Computer software);
                 Computer operating systems.; Virtualisierung.",
}

@Article{McKinley:2011:HPC,
  author =       "Kathryn S. McKinley",
  title =        "How's the parallel computing revolution going?",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "123--124",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2038037.1941571",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 14:04:45 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "PPoPP '11 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Two trends changed the computing landscape over the
                 past decade: (1) hardware vendors started delivering
                 chip multiprocessors (CMPs) instead of uniprocessors,
                 and (2) software developers increasingly chose managed
                 languages instead of native languages. Unfortunately,
                 the former change is disrupting the virtuous-cycle
                 between performance improvements and software
                 innovation. Establishing a new parallel performance
                 virtuous cycle for managed languages will require
                 scalable applications executing on scalable Virtual
                 Machine (VM) services, since the VM schedules,
                 monitors, compiles, optimizes, garbage collects, and
                 executes together with the application. This talk
                 describes current progress, opportunities, and
                 challenges for scalable VM services. The parallel
                 computing revolution urgently needs more innovations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{McMillan:2011:SVM,
  author =       "William W. McMillan",
  title =        "The soul of the virtual machine",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SPECTRUM,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "44--59",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "IEESAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2011.5910448",
  ISSN =         "0018-9235 (print), 1939-9340 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9235",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 17 18:54:05 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeespectrum2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Spectrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6",
  keywords =     "Ersatz machine code; Java; Java compiler; Java virtual
                 machines; Operating systems; program compilers; Program
                 processors; Programming; virtual machines; Virtual
                 machining; Virtual prototyping",
}

@Article{Nikolaev:2011:PXF,
  author =       "Ruslan Nikolaev and Godmar Back",
  title =        "{Perfctr-Xen}: a framework for performance counter
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "15--26",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952687",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Park:2011:FSE,
  author =       "Eunbyung Park and Bernhard Egger and Jaejin Lee",
  title =        "Fast and space-efficient virtual machine
                 checkpointing",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "75--86",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952694",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Parri:2011:RCPa,
  author =       "Jonathan Parri and Daniel Shapiro and Miodrag Bolic
                 and Voicu Groza",
  title =        "Returning Control to the Programmer: {SIMD} Intrinsics
                 for Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-QUEUE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "AQCUAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1943176.1945954",
  ISSN =         "1542-7730 (print), 1542-7749 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1542-7730",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 4 13:24:32 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/queue.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Queue: Tomorrow's Computing Today",
}

@Article{Parri:2011:RCPb,
  author =       "Jonathan Parri and Daniel Shapiro and Miodrag Bolic
                 and Voicu Groza",
  title =        "Returning control to the programmer: {SIMD} intrinsics
                 for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--43",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1924421.1924437",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 24 13:48:13 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Payer:2011:FGU,
  author =       "Mathias Payer and Thomas R. Gross",
  title =        "Fine-grained user-space security through
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "157--168",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952703",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Revelle:2011:HVM,
  author =       "Don Revelle",
  title =        "Hypervisors and Virtual Machines: Implementation
                 Insights on the x86 Architecture",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "17--22",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 10:42:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/october-2011-volume-36-number-5/hypervisors-and-virtual-machines-implementation",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Sewe:2011:CCS,
  author =       "Andreas Sewe and Mira Mezini and Aibek Sarimbekov and
                 Walter Binder",
  title =        "Da capo con {Scala}: design and analysis of a {Scala}
                 benchmark suite for the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "657--676",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2076021.2048118",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 15 07:46:53 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "OOPSLA '11 conference proceedings.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{So-In:2011:VAU,
  author =       "Chakchai So-In and Raj Jain and Subharthi Paul and
                 Jianli Pan",
  title =        "Virtualization architecture using the {ID\slash
                 Locator} split concept for {Future Wireless Networks
                 (FWNs)}",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "415--430",
  day =          "1",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 2 08:42:43 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/j/jain-raj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
}

@Book{Subramaniam:2011:PCJ,
  author =       "Venkat Subramaniam",
  title =        "Programming concurrency on the {JVM}: mastering
                 synchronization, {STM}, and actors",
  publisher =    "Pragmatic Bookshelf",
  address =      "Dallas, TX",
  pages =        "xvii + 270",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "1-934356-76-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-934356-76-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 S8467 2011",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 08:35:54 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "The pragmatic programmers",
  abstract =     "Stop dreading concurrency and start reaping the pure
                 power of modern multicore hardware. Learn how to avoid
                 shared mutable state and how to write safe, elegant,
                 explicit synchronization-free programs in Java or other
                 JVM languages, including Clojure, JRuby, Groovy, or
                 Scala. This book is the first to show you the three
                 prominent concurrency styles: the synchronization model
                 of the JDK, Software Transactional Memory (STM), and
                 actor-based concurrency. You'll learn the benefits of
                 each of these models, when and how to use them, and
                 what their limitations are so you can compare and
                 choose what works best for your applications. Learning
                 to program using concurrency is critical to creating
                 faster, more responsive applications, and now you can
                 leverage the Java platform to bring these applications
                 to high-octane life.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language); Java virtual
                 machine; Parallel processing (Electronic computers);
                 Computer multitasking; Computer programming; Systems
                 programming (Computer science)",
  tableofcontents = "The power and perils of concurrency \\
                 Strategies for concurrency \\
                 Modern Java/JDK concurrency \\
                 Software transactional memory \\
                 Actor-based concurrency",
}

@Article{Svard:2011:EDC,
  author =       "Petter Sv{\"a}rd and Benoit Hudzia and Johan Tordsson
                 and Erik Elmroth",
  title =        "Evaluation of delta compression techniques for
                 efficient live migration of large virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "111--120",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952698",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Taft:2011:EPP,
  author =       "S. Tucker Taft",
  title =        "Experimenting with {ParaSail}: parallel specification
                 and implementation language",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11--12",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2070336.2070344",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 6 11:01:24 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigada.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This tutorial provides an opportunity to experiment
                 with a new language designed to support the safe,
                 secure, and productive development of parallel
                 programs. ParaSail is a new language with pervasive
                 parallelism coupled with extensive compile-time
                 checking of annotations in the form of assertions,
                 preconditions, postconditions, etc. ParaSail does all
                 checking at compile time, and eliminates race
                 conditions, null dereferences, uninitialized data
                 access, numeric overflow, out of bounds indexing, etc.
                 as well as statically checking the truth of all
                 user-written assertions. After a short introduction to
                 the language, attendees will receive a prototype
                 ParaSail compiler and an accompanying ParaSail Virtual
                 Machine interpreter for writing and testing ParaSail
                 programs. The tutorial/workshop will finish with a
                 group discussion and feedback on the experience of
                 using this new language.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
}

@Article{vanCleeff:2011:IAM,
  author =       "Andr{\'e} van Cleeff and Wolter Pieters and Roel
                 Wieringa and Frits van Tiel",
  title =        "Integrated assessment and mitigation of physical and
                 digital security threats: Case studies on
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-INFO-SEC-TECH-REP,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "142--149",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "ISTRFR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istr.2011.08.003",
  ISSN =         "1363-4127 (print), 1873-605X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1363-4127",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 8 07:58:42 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infosectechrep.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1363412711000483",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Info. Sec. Tech. Rep.",
  fjournal =     "Information Security Technical Report",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/information-security-technical-report",
}

@Article{Wagner:2011:SJV,
  author =       "Gregor Wagner and Andreas Gal and Michael Franz",
  title =        "``Slimming'' a {Java} virtual machine by way of cold
                 code removal and optimistic partial program loading",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1037--1053",
  day =          "1",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 21 10:31:56 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
}

@Article{Wang:2011:RVM,
  author =       "Kun Wang and Jia Rao and Cheng-Zhong Xu",
  title =        "Rethink the virtual machine template",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "39--50",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952690",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Wang:2011:SHS,
  author =       "Xiaolin Wang and Jiarui Zang and Zhenlin Wang and
                 Yingwei Luo and Xiaoming Li",
  title =        "Selective hardware\slash software memory
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "217--226",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952710",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Ward:2011:KRC,
  author =       "Bob Ward",
  title =        "{Kuck} Receives {Computer Pioneer Award}; {VMware}'s
                 {Greene} and {Rosenblum} Win {Computer Entrepreneur
                 Award}; Dozens of New {CSDP} and {CSDA} Holders Named",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "89--91",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2011.182",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 18 09:39:04 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
}

@Article{Wei:2011:LPV,
  author =       "Xiaohui Wei and Hongliang Li and Qingnan Guo and Na
                 Jiang and Liang Hu",
  title =        "{LimeVI}: A platform for virtual cluster live
                 migration over {WAN}",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-SYST-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CSSEEI",
  ISSN =         "0267-6192",
  ISSN-L =       "0267-6192",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 3 12:04:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsystscieng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Computer Systems Science and
                 Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.crlpublishing.co.uk/csse",
}

@Article{Wood:2011:CDP,
  author =       "Timothy Wood and K. K. Ramakrishnan and Prashant
                 Shenoy and Jacobus van der Merwe",
  title =        "{CloudNet}: dynamic pooling of cloud resources by live
                 {WAN} migration of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "121--132",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952699",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Xia:2011:VWB,
  author =       "Lei Xia and Sanjay Kumar and Xue Yang and Praveen
                 Gopalakrishnan and York Liu and Sebastian Schoenberg
                 and Xingang Guo",
  title =        "Virtual {WiFi}: bring virtualization from wired to
                 wireless",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "181--192",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2007477.1952706",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 16 10:02:34 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Xiao:2011:HLM,
  author =       "Jing Xiao and Min Zhu",
  title =        "{HyperMonitor}: A lightweight multi-platform monitor
                 based on hardware virtualization",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-SYST-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CSSEEI",
  ISSN =         "0267-6192",
  ISSN-L =       "0267-6192",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 3 12:04:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsystscieng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Computer Systems Science and
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Zhu:2011:OPV,
  author =       "Jun Zhu and Zhefu Jiang and Zhen Xiao and Xiaoming
                 Li",
  title =        "Optimizing the Performance of Virtual Machine
                 Synchronization for Fault Tolerance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1718--1729",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2010.224",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 6 07:52:27 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5629326",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Abd-El-Malek:2012:FSV,
  author =       "Michael Abd-El-Malek and Matthew Wachs and James Cipar
                 and Karan Sanghi and Gregory R. Ganger and Garth A.
                 Gibson and Michael K. Reiter",
  title =        "File system virtual appliances: {Portable} file system
                 implementations",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2339118.2339120",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:17:35 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tos/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "File system virtual appliances (FSVAs) address the
                 portability headaches that plague file system (FS)
                 developers. By packaging their FS implementation in a
                 virtual machine (VM), separate from the VM that runs
                 user applications, they can avoid the need to port the
                 file system to each operating system (OS) and OS
                 version. A small FS-agnostic proxy, maintained by the
                 core OS developers, connects the FSVA to whatever OS
                 the user chooses. This article describes an FSVA design
                 that maintains FS semantics for unmodified FS
                 implementations and provides desired OS and
                 virtualization features, such as a unified buffer cache
                 and VM migration. Evaluation of prototype FSVA
                 implementations in Linux and NetBSD, using Xen as the
                 virtual machine manager (VMM), demonstrates that the
                 FSVA architecture is efficient, FS-agnostic, and able
                 to insulate file system implementations from OS
                 differences that would otherwise require explicit
                 porting.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J960",
}

@Article{Aguiar:2012:CTF,
  author =       "Alexandra Aguiar and Fabiano Hessel",
  title =        "Current techniques and future trends in embedded
                 system's virtualization",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "917--944",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.1156",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 17:14:11 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "29 Jan 2012",
}

@Article{Ahn:2012:RHA,
  author =       "Jeongseob Ahn and Seongwook Jin and Jaehyuk Huh",
  title =        "Revisiting hardware-assisted page walks for
                 virtualized systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "476--487",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2366231.2337214",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:21:07 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ISCA '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Recent improvements in architectural supports for
                 virtualization have extended traditional hardware page
                 walkers to traverse nested page tables. However,
                 current two-dimensional (2D) page walkers have been
                 designed under the assumption that the usage patterns
                 of guest and nested page tables are similar. In this
                 paper, we revisit the architectural supports for nested
                 page table walks to incorporate the unique
                 characteristics of memory management by hypervisors.
                 Unlike page tables in native systems, nested page table
                 sizes do not impose significant overheads on the
                 overall memory usage. Based on this observation, we
                 propose to use flat nested page tables to reduce
                 unnecessary memory references for nested walks. A
                 competing mechanism to HW 2D page walkers is shadow
                 paging, which duplicates guest page tables but provides
                 direct translations from guest virtual to system
                 physical addresses. However, shadow paging has been
                 suffering from the overheads of synchronization between
                 guest and shadow page tables. The second mechanism we
                 propose is a speculative shadow paging mechanism,
                 called speculative inverted shadow paging, which is
                 backed by non-speculative flat nested page tables. The
                 speculative mechanism provides a direct translation
                 with a single memory reference for common cases, and
                 eliminates the page table synchronization overheads. We
                 evaluate the proposed schemes with the real Xen
                 hypervisor running on a full system simulator. The flat
                 page tables improve a state-of-the-art 2D page walker
                 with a page walk cache and nested TLB by 7\%. The
                 speculative shadow paging improves the same 2D page
                 walker by 14\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Anderson:2012:MAN,
  author =       "Paul Anderson and Shahriar Bijani and Alexandros
                 Vichos",
  title =        "Multi-agent Negotiation of Virtual Machine Migration
                 Using the Lightweight Coordination Calculus",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7327",
  pages =        "124--133",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30947-2_16",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:20:08 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012e.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30947-2_16/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30947-2",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-30947-2",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Bairavasundaram:2012:RRS,
  author =       "Lakshmi N. Bairavasundaram and Gokul Soundararajan and
                 Vipul Mathur and Kaladhar Voruganti and Kiran
                 Srinivasan",
  title =        "Responding rapidly to service level violations using
                 virtual appliances",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "32--40",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2421648.2421654",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 22 19:22:21 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the key goals in the data center today is
                 providing storage services with service-level
                 objectives (SLOs) for performance metrics such as
                 latency and throughput. Meeting such SLOs is
                 challenging due to the dynamism observed in these
                 environments. In this position paper, we propose
                 dynamic instantiation of virtual appliances, that is,
                 virtual machines with storage functionality, as a
                 mechanism to meet storage SLOs efficiently. In order
                 for dynamic instantiation to be realistic for rapidly
                 changing environments, it should be automated.
                 Therefore, an important goal of this paper is to show
                 that such automation is feasible. We do so through a
                 caching case study. Specifically, we build the
                 automation framework for dynamically instantiating
                 virtual caching appliances. This framework identifies
                 sets of interfering workloads that can benefit from
                 caching, determines the cache-size requirements of
                 workloads, non-disruptively migrates the application to
                 use the cache, and warms the cache to quickly return to
                 acceptable service levels. We show through an
                 experiment that this approach addresses SLO violations
                 while using resources efficiently.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Begnum:2012:SCO,
  author =       "Kyrre Begnum",
  title =        "Simplified cloud-oriented virtual machine management
                 with {MLN}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "251--266",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 26 07:41:46 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=61&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0920-8542&volume=61&issue=2&spage=251",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Beloglazov:2012:OOD,
  author =       "Anton Beloglazov and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "Optimal online deterministic algorithms and adaptive
                 heuristics for energy and performance efficient dynamic
                 consolidation of virtual machines in {Cloud} data
                 centers",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "1397--1420",
  day =          "10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1867",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 5 07:44:52 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "7 Oct 2011",
}

@Article{Bruening:2012:TDI,
  author =       "Derek Bruening and Qin Zhao and Saman Amarasinghe",
  title =        "Transparent dynamic instrumentation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "133--144",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151043",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Process virtualization provides a virtual execution
                 environment within which an unmodified application can
                 be monitored and controlled while it executes. The
                 provided layer of control can be used for purposes
                 ranging from sandboxing to compatibility to profiling.
                 The additional operations required for this layer are
                 performed clandestinely alongside regular program
                 execution. Software dynamic instrumentation is one
                 method for implementing process virtualization which
                 dynamically instruments an application such that the
                 application's code and the inserted code are
                 interleaved together. DynamoRIO is a process
                 virtualization system implemented using software code
                 cache techniques that allows users to build customized
                 dynamic instrumentation tools. There are many
                 challenges to building such a runtime system. One major
                 obstacle is transparency. In order to support executing
                 arbitrary applications, DynamoRIO must be fully
                 transparent so that an application cannot distinguish
                 between running inside the virtual environment and
                 native execution. In addition, any desired extra
                 operations for a particular tool must avoid interfering
                 with the behavior of the application. Transparency has
                 historically been provided on an ad-hoc basis, as a
                 reaction to observed problems in target applications.
                 This paper identifies a necessary set of transparency
                 requirements for running mainstream Windows and Linux
                 applications. We discuss possible solutions to each
                 transparency issue, evaluate tradeoffs between
                 different choices, and identify cases where maintaining
                 transparency is not practically solvable. We believe
                 this will provide a guideline for better design and
                 implementation of transparent dynamic instrumentation,
                 as well as other similar process virtualization systems
                 using software code caches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Bugnion:2012:BVX,
  author =       "Edouard Bugnion and Scott Devine and Mendel Rosenblum
                 and Jeremy Sugerman and Edward Y. Wang",
  title =        "Bringing Virtualization to the x86 Architecture with
                 the Original {VMware} Workstation",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12:1--12:51",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2382553.2382554",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 29 19:34:49 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tocs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article describes the historical context,
                 technical challenges, and main implementation
                 techniques used by VMware Workstation to bring
                 virtualization to the x86 architecture in 1999.
                 Although virtual machine monitors (VMMs) had been
                 around for decades, they were traditionally designed as
                 part of monolithic, single-vendor architectures with
                 explicit support for virtualization. In contrast, the
                 x86 architecture lacked virtualization support, and the
                 industry around it had disaggregated into an ecosystem,
                 with different vendors controlling the computers, CPUs,
                 peripherals, operating systems, and applications, none
                 of them asking for virtualization. We chose to build
                 our solution independently of these vendors. As a
                 result, VMware Workstation had to deal with new
                 challenges associated with (i) the lack of
                 virtualization support in the x86 architecture, (ii)
                 the daunting complexity of the architecture itself,
                 (iii) the need to support a broad combination of
                 peripherals, and (iv) the need to offer a simple user
                 experience within existing environments. These new
                 challenges led us to a novel combination of well-known
                 virtualization techniques, techniques from other
                 domains, and new techniques. VMware Workstation
                 combined a hosted architecture with a VMM. The hosted
                 architecture enabled a simple user experience and
                 offered broad hardware compatibility. Rather than
                 exposing I/O diversity to the virtual machines, VMware
                 Workstation also relied on software emulation of I/O
                 devices. The VMM combined a trap-and-emulate direct
                 execution engine with a system-level dynamic binary
                 translator to efficiently virtualize the x86
                 architecture and support most commodity operating
                 systems. By relying on x86 hardware segmentation as a
                 protection mechanism, the binary translator could
                 execute translated code at near hardware speeds. The
                 binary translator also relied on partial evaluation and
                 adaptive retranslation to reduce the overall overheads
                 of virtualization. Written with the benefit of
                 hindsight, this article shares the key lessons we
                 learned from building the original system and from its
                 later evolution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J774",
}

@Article{Cao:2012:EEA,
  author =       "Jian Cao and Yihua Wu and Minglu Li",
  title =        "Energy Efficient Allocation of Virtual Machines in
                 Cloud Computing Environments Based on Demand Forecast",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7296",
  pages =        "137--151",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30767-6_12",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:19:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012d.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30767-6_12/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30767-6",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-30767-6",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Cao:2012:YYP,
  author =       "Ting Cao and Stephen M. Blackburn and Tiejun Gao and
                 Kathryn S. McKinley",
  title =        "The yin and yang of power and performance for
                 asymmetric hardware and managed software",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "225--236",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2366231.2337185",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:21:07 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ISCA '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "On the hardware side, asymmetric multicore processors
                 present software with the challenge and opportunity of
                 optimizing in two dimensions: performance and power.
                 Asymmetric multicore processors (AMP) combine
                 general-purpose big (fast, high power) cores and small
                 (slow, low power) cores to meet power constraints.
                 Realizing their energy efficiency opportunity requires
                 workloads with differentiated performance and power
                 characteristics. On the software side, managed
                 workloads written in languages such as C\#, Java,
                 JavaScript, and PHP are ubiquitous. Managed languages
                 abstract over hardware using Virtual Machine (VM)
                 services (garbage collection, interpretation, and/or
                 just-in-time compilation) that together impose
                 substantial energy and performance costs, ranging from
                 10\% to over 80\%. We show that these services manifest
                 a differentiated performance and power workload. To
                 differing degrees, they are parallel, asynchronous,
                 communicate infrequently, and are not on the
                 application?s critical path. We identify a synergy
                 between AMP and VM services that we exploit to attack
                 the 40\% average energy overhead due to VM services.
                 Using measurements and very conservative models, we
                 show that adding small cores tailored for VM services
                 should deliver, at least, improvements in performance
                 of 13\%, energy of 7\%, and performance per energy of
                 22\%. The yin of VM services is overhead, but it meets
                 the yang of small cores on an AMP. The yin of AMP is
                 exposed hardware complexity, but it meets the yang of
                 abstraction in managed languages. VM services fulfill
                 the AMP requirement for an asynchronous, non-critical,
                 differentiated, parallel, and ubiquitous workload to
                 deliver energy efficiency. Generalizing this approach
                 beyond system software to applications will require
                 substantially more software and hardware investment,
                 but these results show the potential energy efficiency
                 gains are significant.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Carbone:2012:SRM,
  author =       "Martim Carbone and Matthew Conover and Bruce Montague
                 and Wenke Lee",
  title =        "Secure and Robust Monitoring of Virtual Machines
                 through Guest-Assisted Introspection",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7462",
  pages =        "22--41",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33338-5_2",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:23:06 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-33338-5_2/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33338-5",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-33338-5",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Celesti:2012:VMP,
  author =       "Antonio Celesti and Maria Fazio and Massimo Villari
                 and Antonio Puliafito",
  title =        "Virtual machine provisioning through satellite
                 communications in federated {Cloud} environments",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "85--93",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.05.021",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 07:52:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11001038",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Chakraborty:2012:SOV,
  author =       "Koushik Chakraborty and Philip M. Wells and Gurindar
                 S. Sohi",
  title =        "Supporting Overcommitted Virtual Machines through
                 Hardware Spin Detection",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "353--366",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2011.143",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 01 14:47:13 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Chen:2012:FGP,
  author =       "Jianhai Chen and Dawei Huang and Bei Wang",
  title =        "A Fine-Grained Performance-Based Decision Model for
                 Virtualization Application Solution",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7144",
  pages =        "180--195",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32627-1_13",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:25:01 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012b.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-32627-1_13/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32627-1",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-32627-1",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Cheng:2012:VBP,
  author =       "Yueqiang Cheng and Xuhua Ding",
  title =        "Virtualization Based Password Protection against
                 Malware in Untrusted Operating Systems",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7344",
  pages =        "201--218",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30921-2_12",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:20:31 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012e.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30921-2_12/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30921-2",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-30921-2",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Cheriton:2012:HAS,
  author =       "David Cheriton and Amin Firoozshahian and Alex
                 Solomatnikov and John P. Stevenson and Omid Azizi",
  title =        "{HICAMP}: architectural support for efficient
                 concurrency-safe shared structured data access",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "287--300",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2189750.2151007",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 17:06:46 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ASPLOS '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Programming language and operating system support for
                 efficient concurrency-safe access to shared data is a
                 key concern for the effective use of multi-core
                 processors. Most research has focused on the software
                 model of multiple threads accessing this data within a
                 single shared address space. However, many real
                 applications are actually structured as multiple
                 separate processes for fault isolation and simplified
                 synchronization. In this paper, we describe the HICAMP
                 architecture and its innovative memory system, which
                 supports efficient concurrency safe access to
                 structured shared data without incurring the overhead
                 of inter-process communication. The HICAMP architecture
                 also provides support for programming language and OS
                 structures such as threads, iterators, read-only access
                 and atomic update. In addition to demonstrating that
                 HICAMP is beneficial for multi-process structured
                 applications, our evaluation shows that the same
                 mechanisms provide substantial benefits for other
                 areas, including sparse matrix computations and
                 virtualization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Chevalier-Boisvert:2012:BSH,
  author =       "Maxime Chevalier-Boisvert and Erick Lavoie and Marc
                 Feeley and Bruno Dufour",
  title =        "Bootstrapping a self-hosted research virtual machine
                 for {JavaScript}: an experience report",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "61--72",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2168696.2047858",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 20 17:34:09 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "JavaScript is one of the most widely used dynamic
                 languages. The performance of existing JavaScript VMs,
                 however, is lower than that of VMs for static
                 languages. There is a need for a research VM to easily
                 explore new implementation approaches. This paper
                 presents the Tachyon JavaScript VM which was designed
                 to be flexible and to allow experimenting with new
                 approaches for the execution of JavaScript. The Tachyon
                 VM is itself implemented in JavaScript and currently
                 supports a subset of the full language that is
                 sufficient to bootstrap itself. The paper discusses the
                 architecture of the system and in particular the
                 bootstrapping of a self-hosted VM. Preliminary
                 performance results indicate that our VM, with few
                 optimizations, can already execute code faster than a
                 commercial JavaScript interpreter on some benchmarks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DSL '11 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Chowdhury:2012:VVN,
  author =       "Mosharaf Chowdhury and Muntasir Raihan Rahman and
                 Raouf Boutaba",
  title =        "{ViNEYard}: virtual network embedding algorithms with
                 coordinated node and link mapping",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "206--219",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2011.2159308",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 9 17:46:48 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Network virtualization allows multiple heterogeneous
                 virtual networks (VNs) to coexist on a shared
                 infrastructure. Efficient mapping of virtual nodes and
                 virtual links of a VN request onto substrate network
                 resources, also known as the VN embedding problem, is
                 the first step toward enabling such multiplicity. Since
                 this problem is known to be -hard, previous research
                 focused on designing heuristic-based algorithms that
                 had clear separation between the node mapping and the
                 link mapping phases. In this paper, we present
                 ViNEYard--a collection of VN embedding algorithms that
                 leverage better coordination between the two phases. We
                 formulate the VN embedding problem as a mixed integer
                 program through substrate network augmentation.We then
                 relax the integer constraints to obtain a linear
                 program and devise two online VN embedding algorithms
                 D-ViNE and R-ViNE using deterministic and randomized
                 rounding techniques, respectively. We also present a
                 generalized window-based VN embedding algorithm (WiNE)
                 to evaluate the effect of lookahead on VN embedding.
                 Our simulation experiments on a large mix of VN
                 requests show that the proposed algorithms increase the
                 acceptance ratio and the revenue while decreasing the
                 cost incurred by the substrate network in the long
                 run.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Chrobot:2012:DMV,
  author =       "Arkadiusz Chrobot and Maciej Lasota and Grzegorz
                 {\L}ukawski and Krzysztof Sapiecha",
  title =        "Distributed Memory Virtualization with the Use of
                 {SDDSfL}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7204",
  pages =        "141--150",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31500-8_15",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:26:14 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012c.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-31500-8_15/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31500-8",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-31500-8",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@TechReport{Cox:2012:REM,
  author =       "Russ Cox",
  title =        "Regular Expression Matching with a Trigram Index, or
                 {How Google Code} Search worked",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "swtch.com",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 27 11:39:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/plan9.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Thompson:1968:PTR,Kernighan:1999:REL,Cox:2007:REM,Cox:2009:REM,Cox:2010:REM}",
  URL =          "http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp4.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dall:2012:DIE,
  author =       "Christoffer Dall and Jeremy Andrus and Alexander Van't
                 Hof and Oren Laadan and Jason Nieh",
  title =        "The Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Cells: a
                 Virtual {Smartphone} Architecture",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2324876.2324877",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 20 16:33:58 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tocs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Smartphones are increasingly ubiquitous, and many
                 users carry multiple phones to accommodate work,
                 personal, and geographic mobility needs. We present
                 Cells, a virtualization architecture for enabling
                 multiple virtual smartphones to run simultaneously on
                 the same physical cellphone in an isolated, secure
                 manner. Cells introduces a usage model of having one
                 foreground virtual phone and multiple background
                 virtual phones. This model enables a new device
                 namespace mechanism and novel device proxies that
                 integrate with lightweight operating system
                 virtualization to multiplex phone hardware across
                 multiple virtual phones while providing native hardware
                 device performance. Cells virtual phone features
                 include fully accelerated 3D graphics, complete power
                 management features, and full telephony functionality
                 with separately assignable telephone numbers and caller
                 ID support. We have implemented a prototype of Cells
                 that supports multiple Android virtual phones on the
                 same phone. Our performance results demonstrate that
                 Cells imposes only modest runtime and memory overhead,
                 works seamlessly across multiple hardware devices
                 including Google Nexus 1 and Nexus S phones, and
                 transparently runs Android applications at native speed
                 without any modifications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J774",
}

@Article{Danielsson:2012:OSU,
  author =       "Nils Anders Danielsson",
  title =        "Operational semantics using the partiality monad",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "127--138",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2398856.2364546",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 16:40:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The operational semantics of a partial, functional
                 language is often given as a relation rather than as a
                 function. The latter approach is arguably more natural:
                 if the language is functional, why not take advantage
                 of this when defining the semantics? One can
                 immediately see that a functional semantics is
                 deterministic and, in a constructive setting,
                 computable. This paper shows how one can use the
                 coinductive partiality monad to define big-step or
                 small-step operational semantics for lambda-calculi and
                 virtual machines as total, computable functions (total
                 definitional interpreters). To demonstrate that the
                 resulting semantics are useful type soundness and
                 compiler correctness results are also proved. The
                 results have been implemented and checked using Agda, a
                 dependently typed programming language and proof
                 assistant.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ICFP '12 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Deb:2012:HSC,
  author =       "Abhishek Deb and Josep Maria Codina and Antonio
                 Gonzalez",
  title =        "A {HW\slash SW} Co-designed Programmable Functional
                 Unit",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--12",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/L-CA.2011.23",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we propose a novel programmable
                 functional unit (PFU) to accelerate general purpose
                 application execution on a modern out-of-order x86
                 processor. Code is transformed and instructions are
                 generated that run on the PFU using a co-designed
                 virtual machine (Cd-VM). Results presented in this
                 paper show that this HW/SW co-designed approach
                 produces average speedups in performance of 29\% in
                 SPECFP and 19\% in SPECINT, and up-to 55\%, over modern
                 out-of-order processor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Deb, A (Reprint Author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, C
                 Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona, Spain. Deb, Abhishek;
                 Gonzalez, Antonio, Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona,
                 Spain. Maria Codina, Josep; Gonzalez, Antonio, Intel
                 Res Labs Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.",
  author-email = "abhishek@ac.upc.edu josep.m.codina@intel.com
                 antonio@intel.com",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "953VM",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "Computer architecture; hardware-software codesign;
                 Hardware/software interfaces; hw/sw co-designed;
                 Interface states; Load modeling; Micro-architecture
                 implementation considerations; Microarchitecture;
                 Processor Architectures; programmable functional unit;
                 Programmable functional units; Registers; virtual
                 machine",
  number-of-cited-references = "13",
  ORCID-numbers = "Gonzalez, Antonio/0000-0002-0009-0996",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  researcherid-numbers = "Gonzalez, Antonio/I-2961-2014",
  times-cited =  "0",
  unique-id =    "Deb:2012:HSC",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Dong:2012:HPN,
  author =       "Yaozu Dong and Xiaowei Yang and Jianhui Li and
                 Guangdeng Liao and Kun Tian and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "High performance network virtualization with
                 {SR-IOV}",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1471--1480",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2012.01.020",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 12 12:11:36 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731512000329",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Dong:2012:RAE,
  author =       "Yaozu Dong and Yu Chen and Zhenhao Pan and Jinquan Dai
                 and Yunhong Jiang",
  title =        "{ReNIC}: Architectural extension to {SR-IOV} {I/O}
                 virtualization for efficient replication",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "40:1--40:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2086696.2086719",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 21 07:49:49 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is gaining popularity in cloud
                 computing and has become the key enabling technology in
                 cloud infrastructure. By replicating the virtual server
                 state to multiple independent platforms, virtualization
                 improves the reliability and availability of cloud
                 systems. Unfortunately, existing Virtual Machine (VM)
                 replication solutions were designed only for software
                 virtualized I/O, which suffers from large performance
                 and scalability overheads. Although hardware-assisted
                 I/O virtualization (such as SR-IOV) can achieve close
                 to native performance and very good scalability, they
                 cannot be properly replicated across different physical
                 machines due to architectural limitations (such as lack
                 of efficient device state read/write, buffering
                 outbound packets, etc.) .",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "40",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Fagin:2012:DSG,
  author =       "Barry Fagin and Dale Skrien",
  title =        "Debugging on the Shoulders of Giants: {von Neumann}'s
                 Programs 65 Years Later",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "59--68",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2012.69",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 14 18:24:24 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Fagin:2011:IPE} for a description of the
                 emulator on which von Neumann's programs were run and
                 debugged.",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.colby.edu/djskrien/IASSim/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
  lastaccessed = "17 November 2012",
  remark =       "From page 59: ``The evidence suggests that at least a
                 few of the programs, which appeared in both IAS
                 technical reports and later in \booktitle{John von
                 Neumann: Collected Works}, were never directly executed
                 on the machine as written. Allowing for typographical
                 errors, at least a few of them contain nontrivial bugs.
                 Our emulator validated corrected versions of all the
                 programs in the original IAS reports, producing the
                 expected results.''",
}

@Article{Feng:2012:IDU,
  author =       "Zhenqian Feng and Bing Bai and Baokang Zhao and Jinshu
                 Su",
  title =        "{ICTree}: discovering the underlying connections of
                 your rental virtual machines in the public clouds",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-SYST-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CSSEEI",
  ISSN =         "0267-6192",
  ISSN-L =       "0267-6192",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 3 12:04:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsystscieng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Computer Systems Science and
                 Engineering",
}

@Article{Gerofi:2012:ETT,
  author =       "Balazs Gerofi and Yutaka Ishikawa",
  title =        "Enhancing {TCP} throughput of highly available virtual
                 machines via speculative communication",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "87--96",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151038",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Checkpoint-recovery based virtual machine (VM)
                 replication is an attractive technique for
                 accommodating VM installations with high-availability.
                 It provides seamless failover for the entire software
                 stack executed in the VM regardless the application or
                 the underlying operating system (OS), it runs on
                 commodity hardware, and it is inherently capable of
                 dealing with shared memory non-determinism of symmetric
                 multiprocessing (SMP) configurations. There have been
                 several studies aiming at alleviating the overhead of
                 replication, however, due to consistency requirements,
                 network performance of the basic replication mechanism
                 remains extremely poor., In this paper we revisit the
                 replication protocol and extend it with speculative
                 communication. Speculative communication silently
                 acknowledges TCP packets of the VM, enabling the
                 guest's TCP stack to progress with transmission without
                 exposing the messages to the clients before the
                 corresponding execution state is checkpointed to the
                 backup host. Furthermore, we propose replication aware
                 congestion control, an extension to the guest's TCP
                 stack that aggressively fills up the VMM's replication
                 buffer so that speculative packets can be backed up and
                 released earlier to the clients. We observe up to an
                 order of magnitude improvement in bulk data transfer
                 with speculative communication, and close to native VM
                 network performance when replication awareness is
                 enabled in the guest OS. We provide results of micro-,
                 as well as application-level benchmarks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Ghosh:2012:RAA,
  author =       "Sudeep Ghosh and Jason Hiser and Jack W. Davidson",
  title =        "Replacement attacks against {VM}-protected
                 applications",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "203--214",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151051",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Process-level virtualization is increasingly being
                 used to enhance the security of software applications
                 from reverse engineering and unauthorized modification
                 (called software protection). Process-level virtual
                 machines (PVMs) can safeguard the application code at
                 run time and hamper the adversary's ability to launch
                 dynamic attacks on the application. This dynamic
                 protection, combined with its flexibility, ease in
                 handling legacy systems and low performance overhead,
                 has made process-level virtualization a popular
                 approach for providing software protection. While there
                 has been much research on using process-level
                 virtualization to provide such protection, there has
                 been less research on attacks against PVM-protected
                 software. In this paper, we describe an attack on
                 applications protected using process-level
                 virtualization, called a replacement attack. In a
                 replacement attack, the adversary replaces the
                 protecting PVM with an attack VM thereby rendering the
                 application vulnerable to analysis and modification. We
                 present a general description of the replacement attack
                 methodology and two attack implementations against a
                 protected application using freely available tools. The
                 generality and simplicity of replacement attacks
                 demonstrates that there is a strong need to develop
                 techniques that meld applications more tightly to the
                 protecting PVM to prevent such attacks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Ghumre:2012:ENC,
  author =       "Pooja Ghumre and Junwei Li and Mukil Kesavan and Ada
                 Gavrilovska and Karsten Schwan",
  title =        "Evaluating the need for complexity in energy-aware
                 management for cloud platforms",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--27",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2425248.2425254",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:58:20 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In order to curtail the continuous increase in power
                 consumption of modern datacenters, researchers are
                 responding with sophisticated energy-aware workload
                 management methods. This increases the complexity and
                 cost of the management operation, and may lead to
                 increases in failure rates. The goal of this paper is
                 to illustrate that there exists considerable diversity
                 in the effectiveness of different, potentially
                 'smarter' workload management methods depending on the
                 target metric or the characteristics of the workload
                 being managed. We conduct experiments on a datacenter
                 prototype platform, virtualized with the VMware vSphere
                 software, and using representative cloud applications
                 --- a distributed key-value store and a map-reduce
                 computation. We observe that, on our testbed, different
                 workload placement decisions may be quite effective for
                 some metrics, but may lead to only marginal impact on
                 others. In particular, we are considering the impact on
                 energy-related metrics, such as power or temperature,
                 as corresponding energy-aware management methods
                 typically come with greater complexity due to fact that
                 they must consider the complex energy consumption
                 trends of various components in the cloud
                 infrastructure. We show that for certain applications,
                 such costs can be avoided, as different management
                 policies and placement decisions have marginal impact
                 on the target metric. The objective is to understand
                 whether for certain classes of applications, and/or
                 application configurations, it is necessary to incur,
                 or if it is benefitial to avoid, the use of complex
                 management methods.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Gordon:2012:EBM,
  author =       "Abel Gordon and Nadav Amit and Nadav Har'El and Muli
                 Ben-Yehuda and Alex Landau and Assaf Schuster and Dan
                 Tsafrir",
  title =        "{ELI}: bare-metal performance for {I/O}
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "411--422",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2189750.2151020",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 17:06:46 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ASPLOS '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Direct device assignment enhances the performance of
                 guest virtual machines by allowing them to communicate
                 with I/O devices without host involvement. But even
                 with device assignment, guests are still unable to
                 approach bare-metal performance, because the host
                 intercepts all interrupts, including those interrupts
                 generated by assigned devices to signal to guests the
                 completion of their I/O requests. The host involvement
                 induces multiple unwarranted guest/host context
                 switches, which significantly hamper the performance of
                 I/O intensive workloads. To solve this problem, we
                 present ELI (ExitLess Interrupts), a software-only
                 approach for handling interrupts within guest virtual
                 machines directly and securely. By removing the host
                 from the interrupt handling path, ELI manages to
                 improve the throughput and latency of unmodified,
                 untrusted guests by 1.3x-1.6x, allowing them to reach
                 97\%-100\% of bare-metal performance even for the most
                 demanding I/O-intensive workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Huang:2012:PEN,
  author =       "Shu Huang and Ilia Baldine",
  title =        "Performance Evaluation of {10GE NICs} with {SR-IOV}
                 Support: {I/O} Virtualization and Network Stack
                 Optimizations",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7201",
  pages =        "197--205",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28540-0_14",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:26:10 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012c.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-28540-0_14/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28540-0",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-28540-0",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Huang:2012:VAJ,
  author =       "Ting-Chang Huang and Da-Wei Chang",
  title =        "{VM} aware journaling: improving journaling file
                 system performance in virtualization environments",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "303--330",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.1069",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 4 09:38:34 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "30 Mar 2011",
}

@Article{Hudic:2012:PCC,
  author =       "Aleksandar Hudic and Edgar Weippl",
  title =        "Private Cloud Computing: Consolidation,
                 Virtualization, and Service-Oriented Infrastructure",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "629--629",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 23 09:46:28 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404812000612",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Jamthagen:2012:TRD,
  author =       "Christopher J{\"a}mthagen and Martin Hell and Ben
                 Smeets",
  title =        "A Technique for Remote Detection of Certain Virtual
                 Machine Monitors",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7222",
  pages =        "129--137",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32298-3_9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:17:56 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012c.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-32298-3_9/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32298-3",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-32298-3",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Jarraya:2012:FVS,
  author =       "Yosr Jarraya and Arash Eghtesadi",
  title =        "Formal Verification of Security Preservation for
                 Migrating Virtual Machines in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7596",
  pages =        "111--125",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33536-5_12",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:25:31 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-33536-5_12/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33536-5",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-33536-5",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Jeyarani:2012:DIA,
  author =       "R. Jeyarani and N. Nagaveni and R. Vasanth Ram",
  title =        "Design and implementation of adaptive power-aware
                 virtual machine provisioner ({APA--VMP}) using swarm
                 intelligence",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "811--821",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.06.002",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 07:52:21 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11001130",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Jiang:2012:UNG,
  author =       "Haitao Jiang and Yun Xu and Yin Liao and Guojie Jin
                 and Guoliang Chen",
  title =        "{UKCF}: a New Graphics Driver Cross-Platform
                 Translation Framework for Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7513",
  pages =        "156--163",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35606-3_18",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:24:06 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012i.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-35606-3_18/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35606-3",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-35606-3",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Klein:2012:RVM,
  author =       "Casey Klein and Matthew Flatt and Robert Bruce
                 Findler",
  title =        "The {Racket} virtual machine and randomized testing",
  journal =      j-HIGHER-ORDER-SYMB-COMPUT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2--4",
  pages =        "209--253",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LSCOEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10990-013-9091-1",
  ISSN =         "1388-3690 (print), 1573-0557 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 8 13:59:27 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/higherordersymbcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/accesspage/article/10.1007/s10990-013-9091-1;
                 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10990-013-9091-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10990",
  keywords =     "MzScheme; Racket virtual machine and bytecode
                 verifier; VLISP project",
}

@Article{Koksal:2012:CC,
  author =       "Ali Sinan K{\"o}ksal and Viktor Kuncak and Philippe
                 Suter",
  title =        "Constraints as control",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "151--164",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2103621.2103675",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 15 18:16:55 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We present an extension of Scala that supports
                 constraint programming over bounded and unbounded
                 domains. The resulting language, Kaplan, provides the
                 benefits of constraint programming while preserving the
                 existing features of Scala. Kaplan integrates
                 constraint and imperative programming by using
                 constraints as an advanced control structure; the
                 developers use the monadic 'for' construct to iterate
                 over the solutions of constraints or branch on the
                 existence of a solution. The constructs we introduce
                 have simple semantics that can be understood as
                 explicit enumeration of values, but are implemented
                 more efficiently using symbolic reasoning. Kaplan
                 programs can manipulate constraints at run-time, with
                 the combined benefits of type-safe syntax trees and
                 first-class functions. The language of constraints is a
                 functional subset of Scala, supporting arbitrary
                 recursive function definitions over algebraic data
                 types, sets, maps, and integers. Our implementation
                 runs on a platform combining a constraint solver with a
                 standard virtual machine. For constraint solving we use
                 an algorithm that handles recursive function
                 definitions through fair function unrolling and builds
                 upon the state-of-the art SMT solver Z3. We evaluate
                 Kaplan on examples ranging from enumeration of data
                 structures to execution of declarative specifications.
                 We found Kaplan promising because it is expressive,
                 supporting a range of problem domains, while enabling
                 full-speed execution of programs that do not rely on
                 constraint programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "POPL '12 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kounga:2012:ESP,
  author =       "Gina Kounga and Liqun Chen",
  title =        "Enforcing Sticky Policies with {TPM} and
                 Virtualization",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7222",
  pages =        "32--47",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32298-3_3",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:17:56 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012c.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-32298-3_3/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32298-3",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-32298-3",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Kundu:2012:MVA,
  author =       "Sajib Kundu and Raju Rangaswami and Ajay Gulati and
                 Ming Zhao and Kaushik Dutta",
  title =        "Modeling virtualized applications using machine
                 learning techniques",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "3--14",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151028",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "With the growing adoption of virtualized datacenters
                 and cloud hosting services, the allocation and sizing
                 of resources such as CPU, memory, and I/O bandwidth for
                 virtual machines (VMs) is becoming increasingly
                 important. Accurate performance modeling of an
                 application would help users in better VM sizing, thus
                 reducing costs. It can also benefit cloud service
                 providers who can offer a new charging model based on
                 the VMs' performance instead of their configured sizes.
                 In this paper, we present techniques to model the
                 performance of a VM-hosted application as a function of
                 the resources allocated to the VM and the resource
                 contention it experiences. To address this
                 multi-dimensional modeling problem, we propose and
                 refine the use of two machine learning techniques:
                 artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector
                 machine (SVM). We evaluate these modeling techniques
                 using five virtualized applications from the RUBiS and
                 Filebench suite of benchmarks and demonstrate that
                 their median and 90th percentile prediction errors are
                 within 4.36\% and 29.17\% respectively. These results
                 are substantially better than regression based
                 approaches as well as direct applications of machine
                 learning techniques without our refinements. We also
                 present a simple and effective approach to VM sizing
                 and empirically demonstrate that it can deliver optimal
                 results for 65\% of the sizing problems that we studied
                 and produces close-to-optimal sizes for the remaining
                 35\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Laden:2012:ADF,
  author =       "Guy Laden and Roie Melamed and Ymir Vigfusson",
  title =        "Adaptive and dynamic funnel replication in clouds",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "40--46",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2146382.2146390",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 17 19:19:11 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider the problem of strongly consistent
                 replication in a multi data center cloud setting. This
                 environment is characterized by high latency
                 communication between data centers, significant
                 fluctuations in the performance of seemingly identical
                 virtual machines (VMs) and temporary disconnects of
                 data centers from the rest of the cloud. In this paper
                 we introduce the adaptive and dynamic Funnel
                 Replication (FR) protocol that is designed to achieve
                 high throughout and low latency for reads, to
                 accommodate arbitrary latency/throughput tradeoffs for
                 writes, to maximize performance in the face of VM
                 performance variations and to provide high availability
                 for read requests in the presence of network
                 partitions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Li:2012:CVS,
  author =       "Jianxin Li and Bo Li and Tianyu Wo and Chunming Hu and
                 Jinpeng Huai and Lu Liu and K. P. Lam",
  title =        "{CyberGuarder}: a virtualization security assurance
                 architecture for green cloud computing",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "379--390",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.04.012",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 07:52:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1100063X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Li:2012:GCV,
  author =       "Guodong Li and Peng Li and Geof Sawaya and Ganesh
                 Gopalakrishnan and Indradeep Ghosh and Sreeranga P.
                 Rajan",
  title =        "{GKLEE}: concolic verification and test generation for
                 {GPUs}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "215--224",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2370036.2145844",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 12 12:11:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "PPOPP '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Programs written for GPUs often contain correctness
                 errors such as races, deadlocks, or may compute the
                 wrong result. Existing debugging tools often miss these
                 errors because of their limited input-space and
                 execution-space exploration. Existing tools based on
                 conservative static analysis or conservative modeling
                 of SIMD concurrency generate false alarms resulting in
                 wasted bug-hunting. They also often do not target
                 performance bugs (non-coalesced memory accesses, memory
                 bank conflicts, and divergent warps). We provide a new
                 framework called GKLEE that can analyze C++ GPU
                 programs, locating the aforesaid correctness and
                 performance bugs. For these programs, GKLEE can also
                 automatically generate tests that provide high
                 coverage. These tests serve as concrete witnesses for
                 every reported bug. They can also be used for
                 downstream debugging, for example to test the kernel on
                 the actual hardware. We describe the architecture of
                 GKLEE, its symbolic virtual machine model, and describe
                 previously unknown bugs and performance issues that it
                 detected on commercial SDK kernels. We describe GKLEE's
                 test-case reduction heuristics, and the resulting
                 scalability improvement for a given coverage target.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Li:2012:SRS,
  author =       "Chunxiao Li and Niraj K. Jha and Anand Raghunathan",
  title =        "Secure reconfiguration of software-defined radio",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2146417.2146427",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 2 17:42:24 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Software-defined radio (SDR) implements a radio system
                 in software that executes on a programmable processor.
                 The components of SDR, such as the filters, amplifiers,
                 and modulators, can be easily reconfigured to adapt to
                 the operating environment and user preferences.
                 However, the flexibility of radio reconfiguration
                 brings along the serious security concern of malicious
                 modification of software in the SDR system, leading to
                 radio malfunction and interference with other users'
                 communications. Both the SDR device and the network
                 need to be protected from such malicious radio
                 reconfiguration. In this article, a new architecture
                 targeted at protecting SDR devices from malicious
                 reconfiguration is proposed. The architecture is based
                 on robust separation of the radio operation environment
                 and user application environment, through the use of
                 virtualization. A new radio middleware layer is
                 designed to securely intercept all attempts to
                 reconfigure the radio, and a security policy monitor
                 checks the target configuration against security
                 policies that represent the interests of various
                 parties. Even if the operating system in the user
                 application environment is compromised, the proposed
                 architecture can ensure secure reconfiguration in the
                 radio operation environment. We have prototyped the
                 proposed secure SDR architecture using VMware and the
                 GNU Radio toolkit and demonstrate that overheads
                 incurred by the architecture are small and tolerable.
                 Therefore, we believe that the proposed solution could
                 be applied to address secure SDR reconfiguration in
                 both general-purpose and embedded computing systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J840",
}

@Article{Li:2012:VMP,
  author =       "Wubin Li and Johan Tordsson and Erik Elmroth",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Placement for Predictable and
                 Time-Constrained Peak Loads",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7150",
  pages =        "120--134",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28675-9_9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:25:07 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012b.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-28675-9_9/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28675-9",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-28675-9",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Liao:2012:TGC,
  author =       "Xiaofei Liao and Hai Jin and Haikun Liu",
  title =        "Towards a green cluster through dynamic remapping of
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "469--477",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.04.013",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 07:52:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11000641",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Lin:2012:OVM,
  author =       "Qian Lin and Zhengwei Qi and Jiewei Wu and Yaozu Dong
                 and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "Optimizing virtual machines using hybrid
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "85",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2593--2603",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2012.05.093",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 20 17:08:56 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121212001677",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Lin:2012:UKT,
  author =       "Yi Lin and Stephen M. Blackburn and Daniel Frampton",
  title =        "Unpicking the knot: teasing apart {VM}\slash
                 application interdependencies",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "181--190",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151048",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Flexible and efficient runtime design requires an
                 understanding of the dependencies among the components
                 internal to the runtime and those between the
                 application and the runtime. These dependencies are
                 frequently unclear. This problem exists in all runtime
                 design, and is most vivid in a metacircular runtime ---
                 one that is implemented in terms of itself.
                 Metacircularity blurs boundaries between application
                 and runtime implementation, making it harder to
                 understand and make guarantees about overall system
                 behavior, affecting isolation, security, and resource
                 management, as well as reducing opportunities for
                 optimization. Our goal is to shed new light on VM
                 interdependencies, helping all VM designers understand
                 these dependencies and thereby engineer better
                 runtimes. We explore these issues in the context of a
                 high-performance Java-in-Java virtual machine. Our
                 approach is to identify and instrument transition
                 points into and within the runtime, which allows us to
                 establish a dynamic execution context. Our
                 contributions are: (1) implementing and measuring a
                 system that dynamically maintains execution context
                 with very low overhead, (2) demonstrating that such a
                 framework can be used to improve the software
                 engineering of an existing runtime, and (3) analyzing
                 the behavior and runtime characteristics of our runtime
                 across a wide range of benchmarks. Our solution
                 provides clarity about execution state and allowable
                 transitions, making it easier to develop, debug, and
                 understand managed runtimes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Lipner:2012:LVS,
  author =       "Steve Lipner and Trent Jaeger and Mary Ellen Zurko",
  title =        "Lessons from {VAX\slash SVS} for High-Assurance {VM}
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "26--35",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2012.87",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 10 18:29:51 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security and Privacy",
  keywords =     "secure virtual system (SVS); virtual machine (VM)",
}

@Article{Liu:2012:PBA,
  author =       "Zhanghui Liu and Xiaoli Wang",
  title =        "A {PSO}-Based Algorithm for Load Balancing in Virtual
                 Machines of Cloud Computing Environment",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7331",
  pages =        "142--147",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30976-2_17",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:20:13 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012e.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30976-2_17/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30976-2",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-30976-2",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Luo:2012:PNV,
  author =       "Juan Luo and Lei Chen and Shan Fu and Renfa Li",
  title =        "Parallel Network Virtualization Resource Management
                 System",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7419",
  pages =        "69--77",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33050-6_8",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:22:10 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012g.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-33050-6_8/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33050-6",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-33050-6",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Lv:2012:VCV,
  author =       "Hui Lv and Yaozu Dong and Jiangang Duan and Kevin
                 Tian",
  title =        "Virtualization challenges: a view from server
                 consolidation perspective",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "15--26",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151030",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Server consolidation, by running multiple virtual
                 machines on top of a single platform with
                 virtualization, provides an efficient solution to
                 parallelism and utilization of modern multi-core
                 processors system. However, the performance and
                 scalability of server consolidation solution on modern
                 massive advanced server is not well addressed. In this
                 paper, we conduct a comprehensive study of Xen
                 performance and scalability characterization running
                 SPECvirt_sc2010, and identify that large memory and
                 cache footprint, due to the unnecessary high frequent
                 context switch, introduce additional challenges to the
                 system performance and scalability. We propose two
                 optimizations (dynamically-allocable tasklets and
                 context-switch rate controller) to improve the
                 performance. The results show the improved memory and
                 cache efficiency with a reduction of the overall CPI,
                 resulting in an improvement of server consolidation
                 capability by 15\% in SPECvirt_sc2010. In the meantime,
                 our optimization achieves an up to 50\% acceleration of
                 service response, which greatly improves the QoS of Xen
                 virtualization solution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Ma:2012:DTD,
  author =       "Zhiqiang Ma and Zhonghua Sheng and Lin Gu and Liufei
                 Wen and Gong Zhang",
  title =        "{DVM}: towards a datacenter-scale virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "39--50",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151032",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "As cloud-based computation becomes increasingly
                 important, providing a general computational interface
                 to support datacenter-scale programming has become an
                 imperative research agenda. Many cloud systems use
                 existing virtual machine monitor (VMM) technologies,
                 such as Xen, VMware, and Windows Hypervisor, to
                 multiplex a physical host into multiple virtual hosts
                 and isolate computation on the shared cluster platform.
                 However, traditional multiplexing VMMs do not scale
                 beyond one single physical host, and it alone cannot
                 provide the programming interface and cluster-wide
                 computation that a datacenter system requires. We
                 design a new instruction set architecture, DISA, to
                 unify myriads of compute nodes to form a big virtual
                 machine called DVM, and present programmers the view of
                 a single computer where thousands of tasks run
                 concurrently in a large, unified, and snapshotted
                 memory space. The DVM provides a simple yet scalable
                 programming model and mitigates the scalability
                 bottleneck of traditional distributed shared memory
                 systems. Along with an efficient execution engine, the
                 capacity of a DVM can scale up to support large
                 clusters. We have implemented and tested DVM on three
                 platforms, and our evaluation shows that DVM has
                 excellent performance in terms of execution time and
                 speedup. On one physical host, the system overhead of
                 DVM is comparable to that of traditional VMMs. On 16
                 physical hosts, the DVM runs 10 times faster than
                 MapReduce/Hadoop and X10. On 256 EC2 instances, DVM
                 shows linear speedup on a parallelizable workload.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Marr:2012:IUM,
  author =       "Stefan Marr and Theo D'Hondt",
  title =        "Identifying a Unifying Mechanism for the
                 Implementation of Concurrency Abstractions on
                 Multi-language Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7304",
  pages =        "171--186",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30561-0_13",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:19:39 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012e.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30561-0_13/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30561-0",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-30561-0",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Matsuhashi:2012:TVF,
  author =       "Yohei Matsuhashi and Takahiro Shinagawa and Yoshiaki
                 Ishii and Nobuyuki Hirooka and Kazuhiko Kato",
  title =        "Transparent {VPN} failure recovery with
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--84",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.05.020",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 07:52:12 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11001026",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Mayer:2012:URM,
  author =       "C. Mayer and F. Baitinger and S. Amann and G. McAfee
                 and A. Nunez Mencias",
  title =        "{Unified Resource Manager} virtualization management",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "18:1--18:9",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2011.2180750",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 13 09:44:32 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmjrd.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
}

@Article{Min:2012:VVM,
  author =       "Changwoo Min and Inhyeok Kim and Taehyoung Kim and
                 Young Ik Eom",
  title =        "{VMMB}: Virtual Machine Memory Balancing for
                 Unmodified Operating Systems",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "69--84",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 26 06:22:41 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1570-7873&volume=10&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=1570-7873&volume=10&issue=1&spage=69",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Mirzaei:2012:TAA,
  author =       "Nariman Mirzaei and Sam Malek and Corina S.
                 P{\u{a}}s{\u{a}}reanu and Naeem Esfahani and Riyadh
                 Mahmood",
  title =        "Testing {Android} apps through symbolic execution",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1--5",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2382756.2382798",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:16:18 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "There is a growing need for automated testing
                 techniques aimed at Android apps. A critical challenge
                 is the systematic generation of test cases. One method
                 of systematically generating test cases for Java
                 programs is symbolic execution. But applying symbolic
                 execution tools, such as Symbolic Pathfinder (SPF), to
                 generate test cases for Android apps is challenged by
                 the fact that Android apps run on the Dalvik Virtual
                 Machine (DVM) instead of JVM. In addition, Android apps
                 are event driven and susceptible to path-divergence due
                 to their reliance on an application development
                 framework. This paper provides an overview of a
                 two-pronged approach to alleviate these issues. First,
                 we have developed a model of Android libraries in Java
                 Pathfinder (JPF) to enable execution of Android apps in
                 a way that addresses the issues of incompatibility with
                 JVM and path-divergence. Second, we have leveraged
                 program analysis techniques to correlate events with
                 their handlers for automatically generating
                 Android-specific drivers that simulate all valid
                 events.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Nguyen:2012:BAS,
  author =       "Dinh Khoa Nguyen and Francesco Lelli and Mike P.
                 Papazoglou and Willem-Jan {Van den Heuvel}",
  title =        "Blueprinting Approach in Support of Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "322--346",
  day =          "21",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4010322",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:50:47 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/4/1/322",
  abstract =     "Current cloud service offerings, i.e.,
                 Software-as-a-service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-service
                 (PaaS) and Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) offerings
                 are often provided as monolithic, one-size-fits-all
                 solutions and give little or no room for customization.
                 This limits the ability of Service-based Application
                 (SBA) developers to configure and syndicate offerings
                 from multiple SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS providers to address
                 their application requirements. Furthermore, combining
                 different independent cloud services necessitates a
                 uniform description format that facilitates the design,
                 customization, and composition. Cloud Blueprinting is a
                 novel approach that allows SBA developers to easily
                 design, configure and deploy virtual SBA payloads on
                 virtual machines and resource pools on the cloud. We
                 propose the Blueprint concept as a uniform abstract
                 description for cloud service offerings that may cross
                 different cloud computing layers, i.e., SaaS, PaaS and
                 IaaS. To support developers with the SBA design and
                 development in the cloud, this paper introduces a
                 formal Blueprint Template for unambiguously describing
                 a blueprint, as well as a Blueprint Lifecycle that
                 guides developers through the manipulation, composition
                 and deployment of different blueprints for an SBA.
                 Finally, the empirical evaluation of the blueprinting
                 approach within an EC's FP7 project is reported and an
                 associated blueprint prototype implementation is
                 presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Recent Advances in Web Services.",
}

@Article{Nhan:2012:MDA,
  author =       "Tam Le Nhan and Gerson Suny{\'e} and Jean-Marc
                 J{\'e}z{\'e}quel",
  title =        "A Model-Driven Approach for Virtual Machine Image
                 Provisioning in Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7592",
  pages =        "107--121",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33427-6_8",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:25:26 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-33427-6_8/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33427-6",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-33427-6",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Nieh:2012:CBR,
  author =       "Jason Nieh",
  title =        "Challenges in building a real, large private cloud",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151026",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Virtualization and internal cloud are often touted as
                 the solution to many challenging problems, from
                 resource underutilization to data-center optimization
                 and carbon emission reduction. However, the hidden
                 costs of cloud-scale virtualization, largely stemming
                 from the complex and difficult system administration
                 challenges it poses, are often overlooked. Reaping the
                 fruits of internal Infrastructure as a Service cloud
                 requires the enterprise to navigate scalability
                 limitations, revamp traditional operational practices,
                 manage performance, and achieve unprecedented
                 cross-silo collaboration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Oliveira:2012:SMC,
  author =       "Frederico Alvares de {Oliveira, Jr.} and Thomas
                 Ledoux",
  title =        "Self-management of cloud applications and
                 infrastructure for energy optimization",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10--18",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2331576.2331579",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 13 12:36:08 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As a direct consequence of the increasing popularity
                 of Cloud Computing solutions, data centers are
                 amazingly growing and hence have to urgently face with
                 the energy consumption issue. Available solutions rely
                 on Cloud Computing models and virtualization techniques
                 to scale up/down application based on their performance
                 metrics. Although those proposals can reduce the energy
                 footprint of applications and by transitivity of cloud
                 infrastructures, they do not consider the internal
                 characteristics of applications to finely define a
                 trade-off between applications Quality of Service and
                 energy footprint. In this paper, we propose a
                 self-adaptation approach that considers both
                 application internals and system to reduce the energy
                 footprint in cloud infrastructure. Each application and
                 the infrastructure are equipped with their own control
                 loop, which allows them to autonomously optimize their
                 executions. Simulations show that the approach may lead
                 to appreciable energy savings without interfering on
                 application provider revenues.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Ost:2012:EAT,
  author =       "Luciano Ost and Sameer Varyani and Leandro Soares
                 Indrusiak and Marcelo Mandelli and Gabriel Marchesan
                 Almeida and Eduardo Wachter and Fernando Moraes and
                 Gilles Sassatelli",
  title =        "Enabling Adaptive Techniques in Heterogeneous {MPSoCs}
                 Based on Virtualization",
  journal =      j-TRETS,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2362374.2362381",
  ISSN =         "1936-7406 (print), 1936-7414 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1936-7406",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 6 18:07:44 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/trets.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article explores the use of virtualization to
                 enable mechanisms like task migration and dynamic
                 mapping in heterogeneous MPSoCs, thereby targeting the
                 design of systems capable of adapt their behavior to
                 time-changing workloads. Because tasks may have to be
                 mapped to target processors with different instruction
                 set architectures, we propose the use of Low Level
                 Virtual Machine (LLVM) to postcompile the tasks at
                 runtime depending on their target processor. A novel
                 dynamic mapping heuristic is also proposed, aiming to
                 exploit the advantages of specialized processors while
                 taking into account the overheads imposed by
                 virtualization. Extensive experimental work at
                 different levels of abstraction---FPGA prototype, RTL
                 and system-level simulation---is presented to evaluate
                 the proposed techniques.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and
                 Systems (TRETS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J1151",
}

@Article{Pan:2012:CLM,
  author =       "Zhenhao Pan and Yaozu Dong and Yu Chen and Lei Zhang
                 and Zhijiao Zhang",
  title =        "{CompSC}: live migration with pass-through devices",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "109--120",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151040",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Live migration is one of the most important features
                 of virtualization technology. With regard to recent
                 virtualization techniques, performance of network I/O
                 is critical. Current network I/O virtualization (e.g.
                 Para-virtualized I/O, VMDq) has a significant
                 performance gap with native network I/O. Pass-through
                 network devices have near native performance, however,
                 they have thus far prevented live migration. No
                 existing methods solve the problem of live migration
                 with pass-through devices perfectly. In this paper, we
                 propose CompSC: a solution of hardware state migration
                 that will enable the live migration support of
                 pass-through devices. We go on to apply CompSC to
                 SR-IOV network interface controllers. We discuss the
                 attributes of different hardware states in pass-through
                 devices and migrate them with corresponding techniques.
                 Our experiments show that CompSC enables live migration
                 on an Intel 82599 VF with a throughput 282.66\% higher
                 than para-virtualized devices. In addition, service
                 downtime during live migration is 42.9\% less than
                 para-virtualized devices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Papadimitriou:2012:TLS,
  author =       "Panagiotis Papadimitriou and Ines Houidi and Wajdi
                 Louati and Djamal Zeghlache and Christoph Werle",
  title =        "Towards Large-Scale Network Virtualization",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7277",
  pages =        "13--25",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30630-3_2",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:19:03 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012d.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30630-3_2/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30630-3",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-30630-3",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Patel:2012:PIF,
  author =       "Naresh M. Patel",
  title =        "Performance implications of flash and storage class
                 memories",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2318857.2254758",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:06:39 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The storage industry has seen incredible growth in
                 data storage needs by both consumers and enterprises.
                 Long-term technology trends mean that the data deluge
                 will continue well into the future. These trends
                 include the big-data trend (driven by data mining
                 analytics, high-bandwidth needs, and large content
                 repositories), server virtualization, cloud storage,
                 and Flash. We will cover how Flash and storage class
                 memories (SCM) interact with some of these major trends
                 from a performance perspective.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Pavlou:2012:DBD,
  author =       "Demos Pavlou and Enric Gibert and Fernando Latorre and
                 Antonio Gonzalez",
  title =        "{DDGacc}: boosting dynamic {DDG}-based binary
                 optimizations through specialized hardware support",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "159--168",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151046",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Dynamic Binary Translators (DBT) and Dynamic Binary
                 Optimization (DBO) by software are used widely for
                 several reasons including performance, design
                 simplification and virtualization. However, the
                 software layer in such systems introduces
                 non-negligible overheads which affect performance and
                 user experience. Hence, reducing DBT/DBO overheads is
                 of paramount importance. In addition, reduced overheads
                 have interesting collateral effects in the rest of the
                 software layer, such as allowing optimizations to be
                 applied earlier. A cost-effective solution to this
                 problem is to provide hardware support to speed up the
                 primitives of the software layer, paying special
                 attention to automate DBT/DBO mechanisms and leave the
                 heuristics to the software, which is more flexible. In
                 this work, we have characterized the overheads of a DBO
                 system using DynamoRIO implementing several basic
                 optimizations. We have seen that the computation of the
                 Data Dependence Graph (DDG) accounts for 5\%-10\% of
                 the execution time. For this reason, we propose to add
                 hardware support for this task in the form of a new
                 functional unit, called DDGacc, which is integrated in
                 a conventional pipeline processor and is operated
                 through new ISA instructions. Our evaluation shows that
                 DDGacc reduces the cost of computing the DDG by 32x,
                 which reduces overall execution time by 5\%-10\% on
                 average and up to 18\% for applications where the DBO
                 optimizes large code footprints.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Petrides:2012:HPD,
  author =       "Panayiotis Petrides and George Nicolaides and Pedro
                 Trancoso",
  title =        "{HPC} Performance Domains on Multi-core Processors
                 with Virtualization",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7179",
  pages =        "123--134",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28293-5_11",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:25:42 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012b.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-28293-5_11/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28293-5",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-28293-5",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Porter:2012:RLT,
  author =       "Donald E. Porter and Silas Boyd-Wickizer and Jon
                 Howell and Reuben Olinsky and Galen C. Hunt",
  title =        "Rethinking the library {OS} from the top down",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "291--304",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2248487.1950399",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 7 08:15:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper revisits an old approach to operating
                 system construction, the library OS, in a new context.
                 The idea of the library OS is that the personality of
                 the OS on which an application depends runs in the
                 address space of the application. A small, fixed set of
                 abstractions connects the library OS to the host OS
                 kernel, offering the promise of better system security
                 and more rapid independent evolution of OS components.
                 We describe a working prototype of a Windows 7 library
                 OS that runs the latest releases of major applications
                 such as Microsoft Excel, PowerPoint, and Internet
                 Explorer. We demonstrate that desktop sharing across
                 independent, securely isolated, library OS instances
                 can be achieved through the pragmatic reuse of
                 net-working protocols. Each instance has significantly
                 lower overhead than a full VM bundled with an
                 application: a typical application adds just 16MB of
                 working set and 64MB of disk footprint. We contribute a
                 new ABI below the library OS that enables application
                 mobility. We also show that our library OS can address
                 many of the current uses of hardware virtual machines
                 at a fraction of the overheads. This paper describes
                 the first working prototype of a full commercial OS
                 redesigned as a library OS capable of running
                 significant applications. Our experience shows that the
                 long-promised benefits of the library OS approach
                 better protection of system integrity and rapid system
                 evolution are readily obtainable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '12 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Rajagopalan:2012:SDT,
  author =       "Shriram Rajagopalan and Brendan Cully and Ryan
                 O'Connor and Andrew Warfield",
  title =        "{SecondSite}: disaster tolerance as a service",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "97--108",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151039",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the design and implementation of
                 SecondSite, a cloud-based service for disaster
                 tolerance. SecondSite extends the Remus
                 virtualization-based high availability system by
                 allowing groups of virtual machines to be replicated
                 across data centers over wide-area Internet links. The
                 goal of the system is to commodify the property of
                 availability, exposing it as a simple tick box when
                 configuring a new virtual machine. To achieve this in
                 the wide area, we have had to tackle the related issues
                 of replication traffic bandwidth, reliable failure
                 detection across geographic regions and traffic
                 redirection over a wide-area network without
                 compromising on transparency and consistency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Ramakrishnan:2012:EIV,
  author =       "Lavanya Ramakrishnan and R. Shane Canon and Krishna
                 Muriki and Iwona Sakrejda and Nicholas J. Wright",
  title =        "Evaluating Interconnect and Virtualization Performance
                 for High Performance Computing",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--60",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2381056.2381071",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 9 11:06:40 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Scientists are increasingly considering cloud
                 computing platforms to satisfy their computational
                 needs. Previous work has shown that virtualized cloud
                 environments can have significant performance impact.
                 However there is still a limited understanding of the
                 nature of overheads and the type of applications that
                 might do well in these environments. In this paper we
                 detail benchmarking results that characterize the
                 virtualization overhead and its impact on performance.
                 We also examine the performance of various interconnect
                 technologies with a view to understanding the
                 performance impacts of various choices. Our results
                 show that virtualization can have a significant impact
                 upon performance, with at least a 60\% performance
                 penalty. We also show that less capable interconnect
                 technologies can have a significant impact upon
                 performance of typical HPC applications. We also
                 evaluate the performance of the Amazon Cluster compute
                 instance and show that it performs approximately
                 equivalently to a 10G Ethernet cluster at low core
                 counts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Robertson:2012:SVL,
  author =       "Brian Robertson",
  title =        "Security: virtualisation's last frontier",
  journal =      j-NETWORK-SECURITY,
  volume =       "2012",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12--15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "NTSCF5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-4858(12)70026-0",
  ISSN =         "1353-4858 (print), 1872-9371 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1353-4858",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 4 17:00:41 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/network-security.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353485812700260",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Network Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/network-security",
}

@Article{Ruan:2012:MVM,
  author =       "Li Ruan and Huixiang Wang and Limin Xiao and Mingfa
                 Zhu and Feibo Li",
  title =        "Memory Virtualization for {MIPS} Processor Based Cloud
                 Server",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7296",
  pages =        "54--63",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30767-6_5",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:19:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012d.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30767-6_5/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30767-6",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-30767-6",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Ryckbosch:2012:VSM,
  author =       "Frederick Ryckbosch and Stijn Polfliet and Lieven
                 Eeckhout",
  title =        "{VSim}: Simulating multi-server setups at near native
                 hardware speed",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "52:1--52:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2086696.2086731",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 21 07:49:49 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Simulating contemporary computer systems is a
                 challenging endeavor, especially when it comes to
                 simulating high-end setups involving multiple servers.
                 The simulation environment needs to run complete
                 software stacks, including operating systems,
                 middleware, and application software, and it needs to
                 simulate network and disk activity next to CPU
                 performance. In addition, it needs the ability to scale
                 out to a large number of server nodes while attaining
                 good accuracy and reasonable simulation speeds. This
                 paper presents VSim, a novel simulation methodology for
                 multi-server systems. VSim leverages virtualization
                 technology for simulating a target system on a host
                 system. VSim controls CPU, network and disk performance
                 on the host, and it gives the illusion to the software
                 stack to run on a target system through time
                 dilation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "52",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Sartor:2012:EMT,
  author =       "Jennfer B. Sartor and Lieven Eeckhout",
  title =        "Exploring multi-threaded {Java} application
                 performance on multicore hardware",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "281--296",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2398857.2384638",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 16:40:23 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "While there have been many studies of how to schedule
                 applications to take advantage of increasing numbers of
                 cores in modern-day multicore processors, few have
                 focused on multi-threaded managed language applications
                 which are prevalent from the embedded to the server
                 domain. Managed languages complicate performance
                 studies because they have additional virtual machine
                 threads that collect garbage and dynamically compile,
                 closely interacting with application threads. Further
                 complexity is introduced as modern multicore machines
                 have multiple sockets and dynamic frequency scaling
                 options, broadening opportunities to reduce both power
                 and running time. In this paper, we explore the
                 performance of Java applications, studying how best to
                 map application and virtual machine (JVM) threads to a
                 multicore, multi-socket environment. We explore both
                 the cost of separating JVM threads from application
                 threads, and the opportunity to speed up or slow down
                 the clock frequency of isolated threads. We perform
                 experiments with the multi-threaded DaCapo benchmarks
                 and pseudojbb2005 running on the Jikes Research Virtual
                 Machine, on a dual-socket, 8-core Intel Nehalem machine
                 to reveal several novel, and sometimes
                 counter-intuitive, findings. We believe these insights
                 are a first but important step towards understanding
                 and optimizing managed language performance on modern
                 hardware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '12 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Shan:2012:FIA,
  author =       "Zhiyong Shan and Xin Wang and Tzi-cker Chiueh and
                 Xiaofeng Meng",
  title =        "Facilitating inter-application interactions for
                 {OS}-level virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "75--86",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151036",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "OS-level virtualization generates a minimal start-up
                 and run-time overhead on the host OS and thus suits
                 applications that require both good isolation and high
                 efficiency. However, multiple-member applications
                 required for forming a system may need to occasionally
                 communicate across this isolation barrier to cooperate
                 with each other while they are separated in different
                 VMs to isolate intrusion or fault. Such application
                 scenarios are often critical to enterprise-class
                 servers, HPC clusters and intrusion/fault-tolerant
                 systems, etc. We make the first effort to support the
                 inter-application interactions in an OS-level
                 virtualization system without causing a significant
                 compromise on VM isolation. We identify all interactive
                 operations that impact inter-application interactions,
                 including inter-process communications, application
                 invocations, resource name transfers and application
                 dependencies. We propose Shuttle, a novel approach for
                 facilitating inter-application interactions within and
                 across OS-level virtual machines. Our results
                 demonstrate that Shuttle can correctly address all
                 necessary inter-application interactions while
                 providing good isolation capability to all sample
                 applications on different versions of Windows OS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Sharifi:2012:PED,
  author =       "Mohsen Sharifi and Hadi Salimi and Mahsa Najafzadeh",
  title =        "Power-efficient distributed scheduling of virtual
                 machines using workload-aware consolidation
                 techniques",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "46--66",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 26 07:41:32 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=61&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0920-8542&volume=61&issue=1&spage=46",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Shi:2012:TSW,
  author =       "Xuanhua Shi and Hai Jin and Hongbo Jiang and Xiaodong
                 Pan and Dachuan Huang and Bo Yu",
  title =        "Toward scalable {Web} systems on multicore clusters:
                 making use of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--45",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-011-0623-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 26 07:41:32 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=61&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0920-8542&volume=61&issue=1&spage=27",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Shi:2012:VGA,
  author =       "Lin Shi and Hao Chen and Jianhua Sun and Kenli Li",
  title =        "{vCUDA}: {GPU}-Accelerated High-Performance Computing
                 in Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "804--816",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2011.112",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 27 08:32:31 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/super.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Shuo:2012:PKR,
  author =       "Tian Shuo and He Yeping and Ding Baozeng",
  title =        "Prevent Kernel Return-Oriented Programming Attacks
                 Using Hardware Virtualization",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7232",
  pages =        "289--300",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29101-2_20",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:18:09 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012c.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-29101-2_20/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29101-2",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-29101-2",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Simao:2012:CER,
  author =       "Jos{\'e} Sim{\~a}o and Tiago Garrochinho and Lu{\'\i}s
                 Veiga",
  title =        "A checkpointing-enabled and resource-aware {Java
                 Virtual Machine} for efficient and robust {e-Science}
                 applications in grid environments",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "1421--1442",
  day =          "10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1879",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 5 07:44:52 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "21 Dec 2011",
}

@Article{Stoess:2012:LVM,
  author =       "Jan Stoess and Udo Steinberg and Volkmar Uhlig and
                 Jens Kehne and Jonathan Appavoo and Amos Waterland",
  title =        "A lightweight virtual machine monitor for {Blue
                 Gene/P}",
  journal =      j-IJHPCA,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "95--109",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "IHPCFL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342011434815",
  ISSN =         "1094-3420 (print), 1741-2846 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3420",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 8 11:31:13 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://hpc.sagepub.com/content/26/2.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ijsa.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://hpc.sagepub.com/content/26/2/95.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of High Performance Computing
                 Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://hpc.sagepub.com/content/by/year",
  onlinedate =   "March 27, 2012",
}

@Article{Szefer:2012:ASH,
  author =       "Jakub Szefer and Ruby B. Lee",
  title =        "Architectural support for hypervisor-secure
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "437--450",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2189750.2151022",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 17:06:46 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ASPLOS '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Virtualization has become a standard part of many
                 computer systems. A key part of virtualization is the
                 all-powerful hypervisor which manages the physical
                 platform and can access all of its resources, including
                 memory assigned to the guest virtual machines (VMs).
                 Continuing releases of bug reports and exploits in the
                 virtualization software show that defending the
                 hypervisor against attacks is very difficult. In this
                 work, we present hypervisor-secure virtualization --- a
                 new research direction with the goal of protecting the
                 guest VMs from an untrusted hypervisor. We also present
                 the HyperWall architecture which achieves
                 hypervisor-secure virtualization, using hardware to
                 provide the protections. HyperWall allows a hypervisor
                 to freely manage the memory, processor cores and other
                 resources of a platform. Yet once VMs are created, our
                 new Confidentiality and Integrity Protection (CIP)
                 tables protect the memory of the guest VMs from
                 accesses by the hypervisor or by DMA, depending on the
                 customer's specification. If a hypervisor does become
                 compromised, e.g. by an attack from a malicious VM, it
                 cannot be used in turn to attack other VMs. The
                 protections are enabled through minimal modifications
                 to the microprocessor and memory management units.
                 Whereas much of the previous work concentrates on
                 protecting the hypervisor from attacks by guest VMs, we
                 tackle the problem of protecting the guest VMs from the
                 hypervisor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Tavakoli:2012:FSC,
  author =       "Zahra Tavakoli and Sebastian Meier and Alexander
                 Vensmer",
  title =        "A Framework for Security Context Migration in a
                 Firewall Secured Virtual Machine Environment",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7479",
  pages =        "41--51",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32808-4_5",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:23:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-32808-4_5/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32808-4",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-32808-4",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Tordsson:2012:CBM,
  author =       "Johan Tordsson and Rub{\'e}n S. Montero and Rafael
                 Moreno-Vozmediano and Ignacio M. Llorente",
  title =        "Cloud brokering mechanisms for optimized placement of
                 virtual machines across multiple providers",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "358--367",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.07.003",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 07:52:16 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11001373",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Tuch:2012:BSV,
  author =       "Harvey Tuch and Cyprien Laplace and Kenneth C. Barr
                 and Bi Wu",
  title =        "Block storage virtualization with commodity secure
                 digital cards",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "191--202",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151050",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Smartphones, tablets and other mobile platforms
                 typically accommodate bulk data storage with low-cost,
                 FAT-formatted Secure Digital cards. When one uses a
                 mobile device to run a full-system virtual machine
                 (VM), there can be a mismatch between (1) the VM's I/O
                 mixture, security and reliability requirements and (2)
                 the properties of the storage media available for VM
                 block storage and checkpoint images. To resolve this
                 mismatch, this paper presents a new VM disk image
                 format called the Logging Block Store (LBS). After
                 motivating the need for a new format, LBS is described
                 in detail with experimental results demonstrating its
                 efficacy. As a result of this work, recommendations are
                 made for future optimizations throughout the stack that
                 may simplify and improve the performance of storage
                 virtualization systems on mobile platforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Tupakula:2012:DSB,
  author =       "Udaya Kiran Tupakula and Vijay Varadharajan",
  title =        "Dynamic State-Based Security Architecture for
                 Detecting Security Attacks in Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "397--409",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxr084",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 27 18:19:58 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/4.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/comp2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/4/397.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "September 21, 2011",
}

@Article{Vicente:2012:ECS,
  author =       "Elder Vicente and Rivalino Matias and L{\'u}cio Borges
                 and Autran Mac{\^e}do",
  title =        "Evaluation of compound system calls in the {Linux}
                 kernel",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--63",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2146382.2146394",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 17 19:19:11 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The overhead caused by system calls in many
                 applications has motivated research works focusing on
                 reducing their execution costs. In this work we
                 implement different types of compound system calls, and
                 evaluate them taking into account their execution time
                 in a multicore computer. The experimental plan is
                 conducted for both physical and virtual machine
                 environments. The execution time dataset obtained
                 through experiments statistically controlled is
                 analysed and we show that all proposed compound calls
                 present statistically significant performance gains
                 when compared to their conventional counterparts, for
                 both physical and virtual machine environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Voith:2012:QSP,
  author =       "Thomas Voith and Karsten Oberle and Manuel Stein",
  title =        "Quality of service provisioning for distributed data
                 center inter-connectivity enabled by network
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "554--562",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.03.011",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 07:52:18 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11000392",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Wagelaar:2012:TSC,
  author =       "Dennis Wagelaar and Ludovico Iovino and Davide {Di
                 Ruscio} and Alfonso Pierantonio",
  title =        "Translational Semantics of a Co-evolution Specific
                 Language with the {EMF} Transformation Virtual
                 Machine",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "7307",
  pages =        "192--207",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30476-7_13",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 19 15:19:43 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs2012e.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30476-7_13/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30476-7",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-30476-7",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@Article{Waldspurger:2012:V,
  author =       "Carl Waldspurger and Mendel Rosenblum",
  title =        "{I/O} virtualization",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--73",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2063176.2063194",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 5 12:17:32 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Wentzlaff:2012:CFG,
  author =       "David Wentzlaff and Christopher J. Jackson and Patrick
                 Griffin and Anant Agarwal",
  title =        "Configurable fine-grain protection for multicore
                 processor virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "464--475",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2366231.2337213",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:21:07 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ISCA '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Multicore architectures, with their abundant on-chip
                 resources, are effectively collections of
                 systems-on-a-chip. The protection system for these
                 architectures must support multiple concurrently
                 executing operating systems (OSes) with different
                 needs, and manage and protect the hardware's novel
                 communication mechanisms and hardware features.
                 Traditional protection systems are insufficient; they
                 protect supervisor from user code, but typically do not
                 protect one system from another, and only support fixed
                 assignment of resources to protection levels. In this
                 paper, we propose an alternative to traditional
                 protection systems which we call configurable
                 fine-grain protection (CFP). CFP enables the dynamic
                 assignment of in-core resources to protection levels.
                 We investigate how CFP enables different system
                 software stacks to utilize the same configurable
                 protection hardware, and how differing OSes can execute
                 at the same time on a multicore processor with CFP. As
                 illustration, we describe an implementation of CFP in a
                 commercial multicore, the TILE64 processor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Yan:2012:VCH,
  author =       "Lok-Kwong Yan and Manjukumar Jayachandra and Mu Zhang
                 and Heng Yin",
  title =        "{V2E}: combining hardware virtualization and software
                 emulation for transparent and extensible malware
                 analysis",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "227--238",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2365864.2151053",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 6 10:01:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '12 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "A transparent and extensible malware analysis platform
                 is essential for defeating malware. This platform
                 should be transparent so malware cannot easily detect
                 and bypass it. It should also be extensible to provide
                 strong support for heavyweight instrumentation and
                 analysis efficiency. However, no existing platform can
                 meet both requirements. Leveraging hardware
                 virtualization technology, analysis platforms like
                 Ether can achieve good transparency, but its
                 instrumentation support and analysis efficiency is
                 poor. In contrast, software emulation provides strong
                 support for code instrumentation and good analysis
                 efficiency by using dynamic binary translation.
                 However, analysis platforms based on software emulation
                 can be easily detected by malware and thus is poor in
                 transparency. To achieve both transparency and
                 extensibility, we propose a new analysis platform that
                 combines hardware virtualization and software
                 emulation. The essence is precise heterogeneous replay:
                 the malware execution is recorded via hardware
                 virtualization and then replayed in software. Our
                 design ensures the execution replay is precise.
                 Moreover, with page-level recording granularity, the
                 platform can easily adjust to analyze various forms of
                 malware (a process, a kernel module, or a shared
                 library). We implemented a prototype called V2E and
                 demonstrated its capability and efficiency by
                 conducting an extensive evaluation with both synthetic
                 samples and 14 realworld emulation-resistant malware
                 samples.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Zou:2012:CDA,
  author =       "Tao Zou and Ronan {Le Bras} and Marcos {Vaz Salles}
                 and Alan Demers and Johannes Gehrke",
  title =        "{ClouDiA}: a deployment advisor for public clouds",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "121--132",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 13 05:56:14 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "An increasing number of distributed data-driven
                 applications are moving into shared public clouds. By
                 sharing resources and operating at scale, public clouds
                 promise higher utilization and lower costs than private
                 clusters. To achieve high utilization, however, cloud
                 providers inevitably allocate virtual machine instances
                 noncontiguously, i.e., instances of a given application
                 may end up in physically distant machines in the cloud.
                 This allocation strategy can lead to large differences
                 in average latency between instances. For a large class
                 of applications, this difference can result in
                 significant performance degradation, unless care is
                 taken in how application components are mapped to
                 instances. In this paper, we propose ClouDiA, a general
                 deployment advisor that selects application node
                 deployments minimizing either (i) the largest latency
                 between application nodes, or (ii) the longest critical
                 path among all application nodes. ClouDiA employs
                 mixed-integer programming and constraint programming
                 techniques to efficiently search the space of possible
                 mappings of application nodes to instances. Through
                 experiments with synthetic and real applications in
                 Amazon EC2, we show that our techniques yield a 15\% to
                 55\% reduction in time-to-solution or service response
                 time, without any need for modifying application
                 code.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
}

@Book{Ament:2013:ATG,
  author =       "John Ament",
  title =        "{Arquillian} Testing Guide: get familiarized with the
                 {Arquillian} framework and its capabilities to carry
                 out integration and functional testing on a {Java}
                 virtual machine",
  publisher =    "Packt Publishing",
  address =      "Birmingham, UK",
  pages =        "v + 224",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "1-78216-070-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-78216-070-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J3",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 08:31:46 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://proquest.tech.safaribooksonline.de/9781782160700",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bai:2013:HPI,
  author =       "Yuebin Bai and Yao Ma and Cheng Luo and Duo Lv and
                 Yuanfeng Peng",
  title =        "A high performance inter-domain communication approach
                 for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "367--376",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2012.08.054",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 5 09:05:59 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121212002476",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Bartholomy:2013:NMT,
  author =       "E. Bartholomy and G. Greenlee and M. Sylvia",
  title =        "The need to move toward virtualized and more resilient
                 disaster-recovery architectures",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1:1--1:10",
  month =        sep # "--" # oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2013.2258759",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 15 16:52:44 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmjrd.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
}

@Article{Beloglazov:2013:MOH,
  author =       "Anton Beloglazov and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "Managing Overloaded Hosts for Dynamic Consolidation of
                 Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers under Quality of
                 Service Constraints",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1366--1379",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2012.240",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 21 08:51:27 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Bolz:2013:SSC,
  author =       "Carl Friedrich Bolz and Lukas Diekmann and Laurence
                 Tratt",
  title =        "Storage strategies for collections in dynamically
                 typed languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "167--182",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2544173.2509531",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 09:19:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/python.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "OOPSLA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Dynamically typed language implementations often use
                 more memory and execute slower than their statically
                 typed cousins, in part because operations on
                 collections of elements are unoptimised. This paper
                 describes storage strategies, which dynamically
                 optimise collections whose elements are instances of
                 the same primitive type. We implement storage
                 strategies in the PyPy virtual machine, giving a
                 performance increase of 18\% on wide-ranging benchmarks
                 of real Python programs. We show that storage
                 strategies are simple to implement, needing only
                 1500LoC in PyPy, and have applicability to a wide range
                 of virtual machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Bond:2013:OCC,
  author =       "Michael D. Bond and Milind Kulkarni and Man Cao and
                 Minjia Zhang and Meisam Fathi Salmi and Swarnendu
                 Biswas and Aritra Sengupta and Jipeng Huang",
  title =        "{OCTET}: capturing and controlling cross-thread
                 dependences efficiently",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "693--712",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2544173.2509519",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 09:19:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "OOPSLA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Parallel programming is essential for reaping the
                 benefits of parallel hardware, but it is notoriously
                 difficult to develop and debug reliable, scalable
                 software systems. One key challenge is that modern
                 languages and systems provide poor support for ensuring
                 concurrency correctness properties --- atomicity,
                 sequential consistency, and multithreaded determinism
                 --- because all existing approaches are impractical.
                 Dynamic, software-based approaches slow programs by up
                 to an order of magnitude because capturing and
                 controlling cross-thread dependences (i.e., conflicting
                 accesses to shared memory) requires synchronization at
                 virtually every access to potentially shared memory.
                 This paper introduces a new software-based concurrency
                 control mechanism called OCTET that soundly captures
                 cross-thread dependences and can be used to build
                 dynamic analyses for concurrency correctness. OCTET
                 achieves low overheads by tracking the locality state
                 of each potentially shared object. Non-conflicting
                 accesses conform to the locality state and require no
                 synchronization; only conflicting accesses require a
                 state change and heavyweight synchronization. This
                 optimistic tradeoff leads to significant efficiency
                 gains in capturing cross-thread dependences: a
                 prototype implementation of OCTET in a high-performance
                 Java virtual machine slows real-world concurrent
                 programs by only 26\% on average. A dependence
                 recorder, suitable for record {\&} replay, built on top
                 of OCTET adds an additional 5\% overhead on average.
                 These results suggest that OCTET can provide a
                 foundation for developing low-overhead analyses that
                 check and enforce concurrency correctness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Botero:2013:GNN,
  author =       "Juan Felipe Botero and Xavier Hesselbach",
  title =        "Greener networking in a network virtualization
                 environment",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2021--2039",
  day =          "19",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 1 19:17:12 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128613001151",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
}

@Article{Bu:2013:CSC,
  author =       "Xiangping Bu and Jia Rao and Cheng-Zhong Xu",
  title =        "Coordinated Self-Configuration of Virtual Machines and
                 Appliances Using a Model-Free Learning Approach",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "681--690",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2012.174",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 1 08:02:21 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Book{Cardoso:2013:MSC,
  author =       "Edvaldo Alessandro Cardoso",
  title =        "{Microsoft System Center} Virtual Machine Manager 2012
                 Cookbook",
  publisher =    "Packt Publishing, Limited",
  address =      "Birmingham, UK",
  pages =        "iii + 326",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "1-84968-632-7 (paperback), 1-84968-633-5 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-84968-632-7 (paperback), 978-1-84968-633-4
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.774.M55",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 08:21:30 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://proquest.tech.safaribooksonline.de/9781849686327",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft System center configuration manager;
                 Microsoft Windows server; Microsoft system center
                 configuration manager; Microsoft Windows server;
                 Operating systems (Computers); Information technology;
                 Management; COMPUTERS; Operating Systems; Windows
                 Server and NT; Management; Operating systems
                 (Computers)",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Chapter 1: VMM 2012 Architecture \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Understanding each component for a real-world
                 implementation \\
                 Designing the VMM server, database, and console \\
                 Planning for high availability \\
                 Specifying the correct system requirements for a
                 real-world scenario \\
                 Licensing the System Center \\
                 Troubleshooting VMM and supporting technologies \\
                 Chapter 2: Installing SCVMM 2012 \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Creating service accounts \\
                 Deploying a Microsoft SQL Server for VMM implementation
                 \\
                 Installing VMM dependencies \\
                 Configuring distributed key management \\
                 Installing a VMM management server \\
                 Installing the VMM console \\
                 Connecting to a VMM management server by using the VMM
                 console \\
                 Creating a Run As account's credentials in VMM \\
                 Configuring ports and protocols on the host firewall
                 for each SCVMM component \\
                 Chapter 3: Installing the VMM Management Server \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Installing a highly available VMM management server \\
                 Installing a VMM management server on an additional
                 node of a cluster \\
                 Connecting to a highly available VMM management server
                 by using the VMM \\
                 console \\
                 Deploying a highly available library server on a file
                 server cluster \\
                 Uninstalling a highly available VMM management server
                 \\
                 Chapter 4: Configuring Fabric Resources in VMM \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Creating host groups \\
                 Setting up a VMM library \\
                 Networking \\
                 configuring logical networks in VMM \\
                 Networking \\
                 VM network and gateways with VMM \\
                 Networking \\
                 configuring ports and switches with VMM \\
                 Configuring storage with VMM \\
                 Provisioning a physical computer as a Hyper-V host \\
                 Bare Metal host deployment \\
                 Adding and managing Hyper-V hosts and host clusters
                 with VMM \\
                 Chapter 5: Deploying Virtual Machines and Services \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Creating private clouds \\
                 Creating hardware, guest OS, application, and SQL
                 profiles \\
                 Creating user roles in VMM \\
                 Creating and deploying virtual machines \\
                 Creating virtual machine templates \\
                 Creating and deploying service templates \\
                 Rapidly provisioning a virtual machine by using SAN
                 Copy \\
                 Chapter 6: Upgrading from SCVMM 2008 R2 SP1 \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Reviewing the upgrade options \\
                 Checking the VMM system requirements and preparing for
                 the upgrade \\
                 Upgrading to VMM 2012 SP1 \\
                 Reassociating hosts after upgrading \\
                 Updating the VMM agents \\
                 Performing other post-upgrade tasks \\
                 Chapter 7: Scripting in Virtual Machine Manager \\
                 Introduction \\
                 VMM PowerShell overview \\
                 Finding the command to automate tasks in VMM \\
                 Creating a script from VMM wizards \\
                 Storing and running scripts in VMM \\
                 VMM sample scripts \\
                 Chapter 8: Managing VMware ESXi and Citrix XenServer
                 Hosts \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Adding a VMware vCenter Server to VMM \\
                 Adding VMware ESX hosts or host clusters to VMM \\
                 Configuring network settings on a VMware ESX host \\
                 Configuring host BMC settings \\
                 Importing VMware templates \\
                 Converting VMware virtual machines to Hyper-V",
}

@Article{Chang:2013:ADA,
  author =       "Jian Chang and Krishna K. Venkatasubramanian and
                 Andrew G. West and Insup Lee",
  title =        "Analyzing and defending against {Web}-based malware",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49:1--49:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2501654.2501663",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 17:21:41 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Web-based malware is a growing threat to today's
                 Internet security. Attacks of this type are prevalent
                 and lead to serious security consequences. Millions of
                 malicious URLs are used as distribution channels to
                 propagate malware all over the Web. After being
                 infected, victim systems fall in the control of
                 attackers, who can utilize them for various cyber
                 crimes such as stealing credentials, spamming, and
                 distributed denial-of-service attacks. Moreover, it has
                 been observed that traditional security technologies
                 such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems have
                 only limited capability to mitigate this new problem.
                 In this article, we survey the state-of-the-art
                 research regarding the analysis of-and defense
                 against-Web-based malware attacks. First, we study the
                 attack model, the root cause, and the vulnerabilities
                 that enable these attacks. Second, we analyze the
                 status quo of the Web-based malware problem. Third,
                 three categories of defense mechanisms are discussed in
                 detail: (1) building honeypots with virtual machines or
                 signature-based detection system to discover existing
                 threats; (2) using code analysis and testing techniques
                 to identify the vulnerabilities of Web applications;
                 and (3) constructing reputation-based blacklists or
                 smart sandbox systems to protect end-users from
                 attacks. We show that these three categories of
                 approaches form an extensive solution space to the
                 Web-based malware problem. Finally, we compare the
                 surveyed approaches and discuss possible future
                 research directions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "49",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Chang:2013:IVP,
  author =       "Xiaotao Chang and Hubertus Franke and Yi Ge and Tao
                 Liu and Kun Wang and Jimi Xenidis and Fei Chen and Yu
                 Zhang",
  title =        "Improving virtualization in the presence of software
                 managed translation lookaside buffers",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "120--129",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2508148.2485933",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 06:58:55 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ICSA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Virtualization has become an important technology that
                 is used across many platforms, particularly servers, to
                 increase utilization, multi-tenancy and security.
                 Virtualization introduces additional overhead that
                 often relates to memory management, interrupt handling
                 and hypervisor mode switching. Among those, memory
                 management and translation lookaside buffer (TLB)
                 management have been shown to have a significant impact
                 on the performance of systems. Two principal mechanisms
                 for TLB management exist in today's systems, namely
                 software and hardware managed TLBs. In this paper, we
                 analyze and quantify the overhead of a pure software
                 virtualization that is implemented over a software
                 managed TLB. We then describe our design of hardware
                 extensions to support virtualization in systems with
                 software managed TLBs to remove the most dominant
                 overheads. These extensions were implemented in the
                 Power embedded A2 core, which is used in the PowerEN
                 and in the Blue Gene/Q processors. They were used to
                 implement a KVM port. We evaluate each of these
                 hardware extensions to determine their overall
                 contributions to performance and efficiency.
                 Collectively these extensions demonstrate an average
                 improvement of 232\% over a pure software
                 implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Chen:2013:FRS,
  author =       "Hao Chen and Lin Shi and Jianhua Sun and Kenli Li and
                 Ligang He",
  title =        "A Fast {RPC} System for Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1267--1276",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2012.199",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 21 08:51:27 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Chen:2013:TVR,
  author =       "Chen Chen and Petros Maniatis and Adrian Perrig and
                 Amit Vasudevan and Vyas Sekar",
  title =        "Towards verifiable resource accounting for outsourced
                 computation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "167--178",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451546",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Outsourced computation services should ideally only
                 charge customers for the resources used by their
                 applications. Unfortunately, no verifiable basis for
                 service providers and customers to reconcile resource
                 accounting exists today. This leads to undesirable
                 outcomes for both providers and consumers-providers
                 cannot prove to customers that they really devoted the
                 resources charged, and customers cannot verify that
                 their invoice maps to their actual usage. As a result,
                 many practical and theoretical attacks exist, aimed at
                 charging customers for resources that their
                 applications did not consume. Moreover, providers
                 cannot charge consumers precisely, which causes them to
                 bear the cost of unaccounted resources or pass these
                 costs inefficiently to their customers. We introduce
                 ALIBI, a first step toward a vision for verifiable
                 resource accounting. ALIBI places a minimal, trusted
                 reference monitor underneath the service provider's
                 software platform. This monitor observes resource
                 allocation to customers' guest virtual machines and
                 reports those observations to customers, for verifiable
                 reconciliation. In this paper, we show that ALIBI
                 efficiently and verifiably tracks guests' memory use
                 and CPU-cycle consumption.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Cheng:2013:DVB,
  author =       "Yueqiang Cheng and Xuhua Ding and Robert H. Deng",
  title =        "{DriverGuard}: Virtualization-Based Fine-Grained
                 Protection on {I/O} Flows",
  journal =      j-TISSEC,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ATISBQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2505123",
  ISSN =         "1094-9224 (print), 1557-7406 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-9224",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 23 17:04:07 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tissec.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Most commodity peripheral devices and their drivers
                 are geared to achieve high performance with security
                 functions being opted out. The absence of strong
                 security measures invites attacks on the I/O data and
                 consequently posts threats to those services feeding on
                 them, such as fingerprint-based biometric
                 authentication. In this article, we present a generic
                 solution called DriverGuard, which dynamically protects
                 the secrecy of I/O flows such that the I/O data are not
                 exposed to the malicious kernel. Our design leverages a
                 composite of cryptographic and virtualization
                 techniques to achieve fine-grained protection without
                 using any extra devices and modifications on user
                 applications. We implement the DriverGuard prototype on
                 Xen by adding around 1.7K SLOC. DriverGuard is
                 lightweight as it only needs to protect around 2\% of
                 the driver code's execution. We measure the performance
                 and evaluate the security of DriverGuard with three
                 input devices (keyboard, fingerprint reader and camera)
                 and three output devices (printer, graphic card, and
                 sound card). The experiment results show that
                 DriverGuard induces negligible overhead to the
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Information and System Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J789",
}

@Article{Chiang:2013:IBM,
  author =       "Jui-Hao Chiang and Han-Lin Li and Tzi-cker Chiueh",
  title =        "Introspection-based memory de-duplication and
                 migration",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "51--62",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451525",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Memory virtualization abstracts a physical machine's
                 memory resource and presents to the virtual machines
                 running on it a piece of physical memory that could be
                 shared, compressed and moved. To optimize the memory
                 resource utilization by fully leveraging the
                 flexibility afforded by memory virtualization, it is
                 essential that the hypervisor have some sense of how
                 the guest VMs use their allocated physical memory. One
                 way to do this is virtual machine introspection (VMI),
                 which interprets byte values in a guest memory space
                 into semantically meaningful data structures. However,
                 identifying a guest VM's memory usage information such
                 as free memory pool is non-trivial. This paper
                 describes a bootstrapping VM introspection technique
                 that could accurately extract free memory pool
                 information from multiple versions of Windows and Linux
                 without kernel version-specific hard-coding, how to
                 apply this technique to improve the efficiency of
                 memory de-duplication and memory state migration, and
                 the resulting improvement in memory de-duplication
                 speed, gain in additional memory pages de-duplicated,
                 and reduction in traffic loads associated with memory
                 state migration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Cui:2013:VMV,
  author =       "Lei Cui and Jianxin Li and Bo Li and Jinpeng Huai and
                 Chunming Hu and Tianyu Wo and Hussain Al-Aqrabi and Lu
                 Liu",
  title =        "{VMScatter}: migrate virtual machines to many hosts",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "63--72",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451528",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Live virtual machine migration is a technique often
                 used to migrate an entire OS with running applications
                 in a non-disruptive fashion. Prior works concerned with
                 one-to-one live migration with many techniques have
                 been proposed such as pre-copy, post-copy and
                 log/replay. In contrast, we propose VMScatter, a
                 one-to-many migration method to migrate virtual
                 machines from one to many other hosts simultaneously.
                 First, by merging the identical pages within or across
                 virtual machines, VMScatter multicasts only a single
                 copy of these pages to associated target hosts for
                 avoiding redundant transmission. This is impactful
                 practically when the same OS and similar applications
                 running in the virtual machines where there are plenty
                 of identical pages. Second, we introduce a novel
                 grouping algorithm to decide the placement of virtual
                 machines, distinguished from the previous schedule
                 algorithms which focus on the workload for load balance
                 or power saving, we also focus on network traffic,
                 which is a critical metric in data-intensive data
                 centers. Third, we schedule the multicast sequence of
                 packets to reduce the network overhead introduced by
                 joining or quitting the multicast groups of target
                 hosts. Compared to traditional live migration technique
                 in QEMU/KVM, VMScatter reduces 74.2\% of the total
                 transferred data, 69.1\% of the total migration time
                 and achieves the network traffic reduction from 50.1\%
                 to 70.3\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Dai:2013:LVM,
  author =       "Yuehua Dai and Yong Qi and Jianbao Ren and Yi Shi and
                 Xiaoguang Wang and Xuan Yu",
  title =        "A lightweight {VMM} on many core for high performance
                 computing",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "111--120",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451535",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Traditional Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) virtualizes
                 some devices and instructions, which induces
                 performance overhead to guest operating systems.
                 Furthermore, the virtualization contributes a large
                 amount of codes to VMM, which makes a VMM prone to bugs
                 and vulnerabilities. On the other hand, in cloud
                 computing, cloud service provider configures virtual
                 machines based on requirements which are specified by
                 customers in advance. As resources in a multi-core
                 server increase to more than adequate in the future,
                 virtualization is not necessary although it provides
                 convenience for cloud computing. Based on the above
                 observations, this paper presents an alternative way
                 for constructing a VMM: configuring a booting interface
                 instead of virtualization technology. A lightweight
                 virtual machine monitor --- OSV is proposed based on
                 this idea. OSV can host multiple full functional Linux
                 kernels with little performance overhead. There are
                 only 6 hyper-calls in OSV. The Linux running on top of
                 OSV is intercepted only for the inter-processor
                 interrupts. The resource isolation is implemented with
                 hardware-assist virtualization. The resource sharing is
                 controlled by distributed protocols embedded in current
                 operating systems. We implement a prototype of OSV on
                 AMD Opteron processor based 32-core servers with SVM
                 and cache-coherent NUMA architectures. OSV can host up
                 to 8 Linux kernels on the server with less than 10
                 lines of code modifications to Linux kernel. OSV has
                 about 8000 lines of code which can be easily tuned and
                 debugged. The experiment results show that OSV VMM has
                 23.7\% performance improvement compared with Xen VMM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Elmore:2013:TDV,
  author =       "Aaron J. Elmore and Carlo Curino and Divyakant Agrawal
                 and Amr {El Abbadi}",
  title =        "Towards database virtualization for database as a
                 service",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1194--1195",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 13 05:56:54 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "Advances in operating system and storage-level
                 virtualization technologies have enabled the effective
                 consolidation of heterogeneous applications in a shared
                 cloud infrastructure. Novel research challenges arising
                 from this new shared environment include load
                 balancing, workload estimation, resource isolation,
                 machine replication, live migration, and an emergent
                 need of automation to handle large scale operations
                 with minimal manual intervention. Given that databases
                 are at the core of most applications that are deployed
                 in the cloud, database management systems (DBMSs)
                 represent a very important technology component that
                 needs to be virtualized in order to realize the
                 benefits of virtualization from autonomic management of
                 data-intensive applications in large scale
                 data-centers. The goal of this tutorial is to survey
                 the techniques used in providing elasticity in virtual
                 machine systems, shared storage systems, and survey
                 database research on multitenant architectures and
                 elasticity primitives. This foundation of core Database
                 as a Service advances, together with a primer of
                 important related topics in OS and storage-level
                 virtualization, are central for anyone that wants to
                 operate in this area of research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
}

@Article{Esposito:2013:SES,
  author =       "Flavio Esposito and Ibrahim Matta and Vatche
                 Ishakian",
  title =        "Slice embedding solutions for distributed service
                 architectures",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2522968.2522974",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 18:27:34 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Network virtualization provides a novel approach to
                 running multiple concurrent virtual networks over a
                 common physical network infrastructure. From a research
                 perspective, this enables the networking community to
                 concurrently experiment with new Internet architectures
                 and protocols. From a market perspective, on the other
                 hand, this paradigm is appealing as it enables
                 infrastructure service providers to experiment with new
                 business models that range from leasing virtual slices
                 of their infrastructure to hosting multiple concurrent
                 network services. In this article, we present the slice
                 embedding problem and recent developments in the area.
                 A slice is a set of virtual instances spanning a set of
                 physical resources. The embedding problem consists of
                 three main tasks: (1) resource discovery, which
                 involves monitoring the state of the physical
                 resources, (2) virtual network mapping, which involves
                 matching users' requests with the available resources,
                 and (3) allocation, which involves assigning the
                 resources that match the users' requests. We also
                 outline how these three tasks are tightly coupled, and
                 how there exists a wide spectrum of solutions that
                 either solve a particular task or jointly solve
                 multiple tasks along with the interactions among them.
                 To dissect the space of solutions, we introduce three
                 main classification criteria, namely: (1) the type of
                 constraints imposed by the user, (2) the type of
                 dynamics considered in the embedding process, and (3)
                 the allocation strategy adopted. Finally, we conclude
                 with a few interesting research directions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Fabbro:2013:LAS,
  author =       "Andrew Fabbro",
  title =        "{Linux} on {Azure} --- a strange place to find a
                 penguin",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2013",
  number =       "226",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 27 05:38:05 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux-journal.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "On the heels of Amazon and Google, Microsoft has
                 jumped into the Infrastructure-as-a-Service world,
                 offering cloud-based Linux virtual machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Fang:2013:VOV,
  author =       "Weiwei Fang and Xiangmin Liang and Shengxin Li and
                 Luca Chiaraviglio and Naixue Xiong",
  title =        "{VMPlanner}: {Optimizing} virtual machine placement
                 and traffic flow routing to reduce network power costs
                 in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "179--196",
  day =          "16",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2012.09.008",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 12 07:12:41 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128612003301",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286",
}

@Article{Froberg:2013:BRP,
  author =       "Scott Froberg",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Private cloud computing:
                 consolidation, virtualization, and service-oriented
                 infrastructure}} by Stephen R. Smoot, Nam K. Tan}",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--35",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2439976.2439994",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:16:24 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Fu:2013:BSG,
  author =       "Yangchun Fu and Zhiqiang Lin",
  title =        "Bridging the Semantic Gap in Virtual Machine
                 Introspection via Online Kernel Data Redirection",
  journal =      j-TISSEC,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ATISBQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2505124",
  ISSN =         "1094-9224 (print), 1557-7406 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-9224",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 23 17:04:07 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tissec.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "It is generally believed to be a tedious,
                 time-consuming, and error-prone process to develop a
                 virtual machine introspection (VMI) tool because of the
                 semantic gap. Recent advance shows that the
                 semantic-gap can be largely narrowed by reusing the
                 executed code from a trusted OS kernel. However, the
                 limitation for such an approach is that it only reuses
                 the exercised code through a training process, which
                 suffers the code coverage issues. Thus, in this
                 article, we present Vmst, a new technique that can
                 seamlessly bridge the semantic gap and automatically
                 generate the VMI tools. The key idea is that, through
                 system wide instruction monitoring, Vmst automatically
                 identifies the introspection related data from a
                 secure-VM and online redirects these data accesses to
                 the kernel memory of a product-VM, without any
                 training. Vmst offers a number of new features and
                 capabilities. Particularly, it enables an in-VM
                 inspection program (e.g., ps) to automatically become
                 an out-of-VM introspection program. We have tested Vmst
                 with over 25 commonly used utilities on top of a number
                 of different OS kernels including Linux and Microsoft
                 Windows. The experimental results show that our
                 technique is general (largely OS-independent), and it
                 introduces 9.3X overhead for Linux utilities and 19.6X
                 overhead for Windows utilities on average for the
                 introspected program compared to the native in-VM
                 execution without data redirection.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Information and System Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J789",
}

@Article{Fu:2013:EUD,
  author =       "Yangchun Fu and Zhiqiang Lin",
  title =        "{EXTERIOR}: using a dual-{VM} based external shell for
                 guest-{OS} introspection, configuration, and recovery",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "97--110",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451534",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "This paper presents EXTERIOR, a dual-VM architecture
                 based external shell that can be used for trusted,
                 timely out-of-VM management of guest-OS such as
                 introspection, configuration, and recovery. Inspired by
                 recent advances in virtual machine introspection (VMI),
                 EXTERIOR leverages an isolated, secure virtual machine
                 (SVM) to introspect the kernel state of a guest virtual
                 machine (GVM). However, it goes far beyond the
                 read-only capability of the traditional VMI, and can
                 perform automatic, fine-grained guest-OS writable
                 operations. The key idea of EXTERIOR is to use a
                 dual-VM architecture in which a SVM runs a kernel
                 identical to that of the GVM to create the necessary
                 environment for a running process (e.g., rmmod, kill),
                 and dynamically and transparently redirect and update
                 the memory state at the VMM layer from SVM to GVM,
                 thereby achieving the same effect in terms of kernel
                 state updates of running the same trusted in-VM program
                 inside the shell of GVM. A proof-of-concept EXTERIOR
                 has been implemented. The experimental results show
                 that EXTERIOR can be used for a timely administration
                 of guest-OS, including introspection and
                 (re)configuration of the guest-OS state and timely
                 response of kernel malware intrusions, without any user
                 account in the guest-OS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Fu:2013:SGW,
  author =       "Fangwen Fu and Ulas C. Kozat",
  title =        "Stochastic game for wireless network virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "84--97",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2012.2190419",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 13 11:32:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a new framework for wireless network
                 virtualization. In this framework, service providers
                 (SPs) and the network operator (NO) are decoupled from
                 each other: The NO is solely responsible for spectrum
                 management, and SPs are responsible for
                 quality-of-service (QoS) management for their own
                 users. SPs compete for the shared wireless resources to
                 satisfy their distinct service objectives and
                 constraints. We model the dynamic interactions among
                 SPs and the NO as a stochastic game. SPs bid for the
                 resources via dynamically announcing their value
                 functions. The game is regulated by the NO through: (1)
                 sum-utility optimization under rate region constraints;
                 (2) enforcement of Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG)
                 mechanism for pricing the instantaneous rate
                 consumption; and (3) declaration of conjectured prices
                 for future resource consumption. We prove that there
                 exists one Nash equilibrium in the conjectural prices
                 that is efficient, i.e., the sum-utility is maximized.
                 Thus, the NO has the incentive to compute the
                 equilibrium point and feedback to SPs. Given the
                 conjectural prices and the VCG mechanism, we also show
                 that SPs must reveal their truthful value functions at
                 each step to maximize their long-term utilities. As
                 another major contribution, we develop an online
                 learning algorithm that allows the SPs to update the
                 value functions and the NO to update the conjectural
                 prices iteratively. Thus, the proposed framework can
                 deal with unknown dynamics in traffic characteristics
                 and channel conditions. We present simulation results
                 to show the convergence to the Nash equilibrium prices
                 under various dynamic traffic and channel conditions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Fukushima:2013:MDR,
  author =       "Masaki Fukushima and Kohei Sugiyama and Teruyuki
                 Hasegawa and Toru Hasegawa and Akihiro Nakao",
  title =        "Minimum disclosure routing for network virtualization
                 and its experimental evaluation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1839--1851",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2013.2238950",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 7 19:18:34 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Although the virtual collocation of service providers
                 (SPs) on top of infrastructure providers (InPs) via
                 network virtualization brings various benefits, we
                 posit that operational confidentiality has not been
                 considered in this network model. We extend and apply
                 the Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) protocol to
                 solving Minimum Disclosure Routing (MDR), namely,
                 enabling an SP to route packets without disclosing
                 routing information to InPs. We implement the proposed
                 MDR protocol and evaluate its performance via
                 experiments by comparing it against the prediction
                 based on our analytical performance model. Our study
                 reveals that MDR can be securely achieved with marginal
                 latency overhead with regard to the convergence time in
                 well-engineered nonsecure routing algorithms. Our study
                 sheds light on the path for network virtualization to
                 be used to resolve the challenges for the ISPs of
                 today.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Gamage:2013:PRO,
  author =       "Sahan Gamage and Ramana Rao Kompella and Dongyan Xu
                 and Ardalan Kangarlou",
  title =        "Protocol Responsibility Offloading to Improve {TCP}
                 Throughput in Virtualized Environments",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7:1--7:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2491463",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 28 17:03:36 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tocs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is a key technology that powers cloud
                 computing platforms such as Amazon EC2. Virtual machine
                 (VM) consolidation, where multiple VMs share a physical
                 host, has seen rapid adoption in practice, with
                 increasingly large numbers of VMs per machine and per
                 CPU core. Our investigations, however, suggest that the
                 increasing degree of VM consolidation has serious
                 negative effects on the VMs' TCP performance. As
                 multiple VMs share a given CPU, the scheduling
                 latencies, which can be in the order of tens of
                 milliseconds, substantially increase the typically
                 submillisecond round-trip times (RTTs) for TCP
                 connections in a datacenter, causing significant
                 degradation in throughput. In this article, we propose
                 a lightweight solution, called vPRO, that (a) offloads
                 the VM's TCP congestion control function to the driver
                 domain to improve TCP transmit performance; and (b)
                 offloads TCP acknowledgment functionality to the driver
                 domain to improve the TCP receive performance. Our
                 evaluation of a vPRO prototype on Xen suggests that
                 vPRO substantially improves TCP receive and transmit
                 throughputs with minimal per-packet CPU overhead. We
                 further show that the higher TCP throughput leads to
                 improvement in application-level performance, via
                 experiments with Apache Olio, a Web 2.0 cloud
                 application, and Intel MPI benchmark.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J774",
}

@Article{Ganegedara:2013:CPA,
  author =       "Thilan Ganegedara and Viktor Prasanna",
  title =        "A comprehensive performance analysis of virtual
                 routers on {FPGA}",
  journal =      j-TRETS,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2492187",
  ISSN =         "1936-7406 (print), 1936-7414 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1936-7406",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 08:09:43 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/trets.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Network virtualization has gained much popularity with
                 the advent of datacenter networking. The hardware
                 aspect of network virtualization, router
                 virtualization, allows network service providers to
                 consolidate network hardware, reducing equipment cost
                 and management overhead. Several approaches have been
                 proposed to achieve router virtualization to support
                 several virtual networks on a single hardware platform.
                 However, their performance has not been analyzed
                 quantitatively to understand the benefits of each
                 approach. In this work, we perform a comprehensive
                 analysis of performance of these approaches on Field
                 Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with respect to memory
                 consumption, throughput, and power consumption.
                 Generalized versions of virtualization approaches are
                 evaluated based on post place-and-route results on a
                 state-of-the-art FPGA. Grouping of routing tables is
                 proposed as a novel approach to improve scalability
                 (i.e., the number of virtual networks hosted on a
                 single chip) of virtual routers on FPGA with respect to
                 memory requirement. Further, we employ floor-planning
                 techniques to efficiently utilize chip resources and
                 achieve high performance for virtualized, pipelined
                 architectures, resulting in 1.6$ \times $ speedup on
                 the average compared with the non-floor-planned
                 approach. The results indicate that the proposed
                 solution is able to support 100+ and 50 virtual routers
                 per chip in the near-best and near-worst case
                 scenarios, while operating at 20+ Gbps rates.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and
                 Systems (TRETS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J1151",
}

@Article{Gao:2013:MOA,
  author =       "Yongqiang Gao and Haibing Guan and Zhengwei Qi and
                 Yang Hou and Liang Liu",
  title =        "A multi-objective ant colony system algorithm for
                 virtual machine placement in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-COMP-SYS-SCI,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1230--1242",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JCSSBM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2013.02.004",
  ISSN =         "0022-0000 (print), 1090-2724 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0022-0000",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 29 15:27:23 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcompsyssci.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022000013000627",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computer and System Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00220000",
}

@Article{Gerofi:2013:UMC,
  author =       "Balazs Gerofi and Zoltan Vass and Yutaka Ishikawa",
  title =        "Utilizing memory content similarity for improving the
                 performance of highly available virtual machines",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1085--1095",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2012.06.008",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 4 10:31:17 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X12001446",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Gu:2013:VIV,
  author =       "Dujuan Gu and Xiaohan Liu and Gang Qin and Shuangjian
                 Yan and Ze luo and Baoping Yan",
  title =        "{VNET6}: {IPv6} virtual network for the collaboration
                 between applications and networks",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1579--1588",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:44:44 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804513000490",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Hofmann:2013:ISA,
  author =       "Owen S. Hofmann and Sangman Kim and Alan M. Dunn and
                 Michael Z. Lee and Emmett Witchel",
  title =        "{InkTag}: secure applications on an untrusted
                 operating system",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "265--278",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2490301.2451146",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 4 07:40:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "InkTag is a virtualization-based architecture that
                 gives strong safety guarantees to high-assurance
                 processes even in the presence of a malicious operating
                 system. InkTag advances the state of the art in
                 untrusted operating systems in both the design of its
                 hypervisor and in the ability to run useful
                 applications without trusting the operating system. We
                 introduce paraverification, a technique that simplifies
                 the InkTag hypervisor by forcing the untrusted
                 operating system to participate in its own
                 verification. Attribute-based access control allows
                 trusted applications to create decentralized access
                 control policies. InkTag is also the first system of
                 its kind to ensure consistency between secure data and
                 metadata, ensuring recoverability in the face of system
                 crashes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '13 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Hovestadt:2013:AOC,
  author =       "Matthias Hovestadt and Odej Kao and Andreas Kliem and
                 Daniel Warneke",
  title =        "Adaptive Online Compression in Clouds --- Making
                 Informed Decisions in Virtual Machine Environments",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "167--186",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-013-9249-4",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 22 11:03:44 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1570-7873&volume=11&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/datacompression.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-013-9249-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Hsu:2013:IDB,
  author =       "Chun-Chen Hsu and Pangfeng Liu and Jan-Jan Wu and
                 Pen-Chung Yew and Ding-Yong Hong and Wei-Chung Hsu and
                 Chien-Min Wang",
  title =        "Improving dynamic binary optimization through
                 early-exit guided code region formation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "23--32",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451519",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Most dynamic binary translators (DBT) and optimizers
                 (DBO) target binary traces, i.e. frequently executed
                 paths, as code regions to be translated and optimized.
                 Code region formation is the most important first step
                 in all DBTs and DBOs. The quality of the dynamically
                 formed code regions determines the extent and the types
                 of optimization opportunities that can be exposed to
                 DBTs and DBOs, and thus, determines the ultimate
                 quality of the final optimized code. The
                 Next-Executing-Tail (NET) trace formation method used
                 in HP Dynamo is an early example of such techniques.
                 Many existing trace formation schemes are variants of
                 NET. They work very well for most binary traces, but
                 they also suffer a major problem: the formed traces may
                 contain a large number of early exits that could be
                 branched out during the execution. If this happens
                 frequently, the program execution will spend more time
                 in the slow binary interpreter or in the unoptimized
                 code regions than in the optimized traces in code
                 cache. The benefit of the trace optimization is thus
                 lost. Traces/regions with frequently taken early-exits
                 are called delinquent traces/regions. Our empirical
                 study shows that at least 8 of the 12 SPEC CPU2006
                 integer benchmarks have delinquent traces. In this
                 paper, we propose a light-weight region formation
                 technique called Early-Exit Guided Region Formation
                 (EEG) to improve the quality of the formed
                 traces/regions. It iteratively identifies and merges
                 delinquent regions into larger code regions. We have
                 implemented our EEG algorithm in two LLVM-based
                 multi-threaded DBTs targeting ARM and IA32 instruction
                 set architecture (ISA), respectively. Using SPEC
                 CPU2006 benchmark suite with reference inputs, our
                 results show that compared to an NET-variant currently
                 used in QEMU, a state-of-the-art retargetable DBT, EEG
                 can achieve a significant performance improvement of up
                 to 72\% (27\% on average), and to 49\% (23\% on
                 average) for IA32 and ARM, respectively.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Hsu:2013:VNM,
  author =       "Wu-Hsiao Hsu and Yuh-Pyng Shieh",
  title =        "Virtual network mapping algorithm in the cloud
                 infrastructure",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1724--1734",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:44:44 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804513000660",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Huang:2013:ECS,
  author =       "Jipeng Huang and Michael D. Bond",
  title =        "Efficient context sensitivity for dynamic analyses via
                 calling context uptrees and customized memory
                 management",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "53--72",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2544173.2509510",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 09:19:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "OOPSLA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "State-of-the-art dynamic bug detectors such as data
                 race and memory leak detectors report program locations
                 that are likely causes of bugs. However, programmers
                 need more than static program locations to understand
                 the behavior of increasingly complex and concurrent
                 software. Dynamic calling context provides additional
                 information, but it is expensive to record calling
                 context frequently, e.g., at every read and write.
                 Context-sensitive dynamic analyses can build and
                 maintain a calling context tree (CCT) to track calling
                 context--but in order to reuse existing nodes,
                 CCT-based approaches require an expensive lookup. This
                 paper introduces a new approach for context sensitivity
                 that avoids this expensive lookup. The approach uses a
                 new data structure called the calling context uptree
                 (CCU) that adds low overhead by avoiding the lookup and
                 instead allocating a new node for each context. A key
                 contribution is that the approach can mitigate the
                 costs of allocating many nodes by extending tracing
                 garbage collection (GC): GC collects unused CCU nodes
                 naturally and efficiently, and we extend GC to merge
                 duplicate nodes lazily. We implement our CCU-based
                 approach in a high-performance Java virtual machine and
                 integrate it with a staleness-based memory leak
                 detector and happens-before data race detector, so they
                 can report context-sensitive program locations that
                 cause bugs. We show that the CCU-based approach, in
                 concert with an extended GC, provides a compelling
                 alternative to CCT-based approaches for adding context
                 sensitivity to dynamic analyses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Huang:2013:ESC,
  author =       "Qun Huang and Patrick P. C. Lee",
  title =        "An experimental study of cascading performance
                 interference in a virtualized environment",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--52",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2479942.2479948",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 5 09:58:21 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In a consolidated virtualized environment, multiple
                 virtual machines (VMs) are hosted atop a shared
                 physical substrate. They share the underlying hardware
                 resources as well as the software virtualization
                 components. Thus, one VM can generate performance
                 interference to another co-resident VM. This work
                 explores the adverse impact of performance interference
                 from a security perspective. We present a new class of
                 attacks, namely the cascade attacks, in which an
                 adversary seeks to generate performance interference
                 using a malicious VM. One distinct property of the
                 cascade attacks is that when the malicious VM exhausts
                 one type of hardware resources, it will bring
                 ``cascading'' interference to another type of hardware
                 resources. We present four different implementations of
                 cascade attacks and evaluate their effectiveness atop
                 the Xen virtualization platform. We show that a victim
                 VM can see significant performance degradation (e.g.,
                 throughput drops in network and disk I/Os) due to the
                 cascade attacks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Huang:2013:VHS,
  author =       "Chun-Hsian Huang and Pao-Ann Hsiung",
  title =        "Virtualizable hardware\slash software design
                 infrastructure for dynamically partially reconfigurable
                 systems",
  journal =      j-TRETS,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2499625.2499628",
  ISSN =         "1936-7406 (print), 1936-7414 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1936-7406",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 08:09:43 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/trets.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In most existing works, reconfigurable hardware
                 modules are still managed as conventional hardware
                 devices. Further, the software reconfiguration overhead
                 incurred by loading corresponding device drivers into
                 the kernel of an operating system has been overlooked
                 until now. As a result, the enhancement of system
                 performance and the utilization of reconfigurable
                 hardware modules are still quite limited. This work
                 proposes a virtualizable hardware/software design
                 infrastructure (VDI) for dynamically partially
                 reconfigurable systems. Besides the gate-level hardware
                 virtualization provided by the partial reconfiguration
                 technology, VDI supports the device-level hardware
                 virtualization. In VDI, a reconfigurable hardware
                 module can be virtualized such that it can be accessed
                 efficiently by multiple applications in an interleaving
                 way. A Hot-Plugin Connector (HPC) replaces the
                 conventional device driver, such that it not only
                 assists the device-level hardware virtualization but
                 can also be reused across different hardware modules.
                 To facilitate hardware/software communication and to
                 enhance system scalability, the proposed VDI is
                 realized as a hierarchical design framework.
                 User-designed reconfigurable hardware modules can be
                 easily integrated into VDI, and are then executed as
                 hardware tasks in an operating system for
                 reconfigurable systems (OS4RS). A dynamically partially
                 reconfigurable network security system was designed
                 using VDI, which demonstrated a higher utilization of
                 reconfigurable hardware modules and a reduction by up
                 to 12.83\% of the processing time required by using the
                 conventional method in a dynamically partially
                 reconfigurable system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and
                 Systems (TRETS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J1151",
}

@Article{Isci:2013:AEV,
  author =       "Canturk Isci and Suzanne McIntosh and Jeffrey Kephart
                 and Rajarshi Das and James Hanson and Scott Piper and
                 Robert Wolford and Thomas Brey and Robert Kantner and
                 Allen Ng and James Norris and Abdoulaye Traore and
                 Michael Frissora",
  title =        "Agile, efficient virtualization power management with
                 low-latency server power states",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "96--107",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2508148.2485931",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 06:58:55 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ICSA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "One of the main driving forces of the growing adoption
                 of virtualization is its dramatic simplification of the
                 provisioning and dynamic management of IT resources. By
                 decoupling running entities from the underlying
                 physical resources, and by providing easy-to-use
                 controls to allocate, deallocate and migrate virtual
                 machines (VMs) across physical boundaries,
                 virtualization opens up new opportunities for improving
                 overall system resource use and power efficiency. While
                 a range of techniques for dynamic, distributed resource
                 management of virtualized systems have been proposed
                 and have seen their widespread adoption in enterprise
                 systems, similar techniques for dynamic power
                 management have seen limited acceptance. The main
                 barrier to dynamic, power-aware virtualization
                 management stems not from the limitations of
                 virtualization, but rather from the underlying physical
                 systems; and in particular, the high latency and energy
                 cost of power state change actions suited for
                 virtualization power management. In this work, we first
                 explore the feasibility of low-latency power states for
                 enterprise server systems and demonstrate, with real
                 prototypes, their quantitative energy-performance trade
                 offs compared to traditional server power states. Then,
                 we demonstrate an end-to-end power-aware virtualization
                 management solution leveraging these states, and
                 evaluate the dramatically-favorable power-performance
                 characteristics achievable with such systems. We
                 present, via both real system implementations and
                 scale-out simulations, that virtualization power
                 management with low-latency server power states can
                 achieve comparable overheads as base distributed
                 resource management in virtualized systems, and thus
                 can benefit from the same level of adoption, while
                 delivering close to energy-proportional power
                 efficiency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Jantz:2013:FAG,
  author =       "Michael R. Jantz and Carl Strickland and Karthik Kumar
                 and Martin Dimitrov and Kshitij A. Doshi",
  title =        "A framework for application guidance in virtual memory
                 systems",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "155--166",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451543",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "This paper proposes a collaborative approach in which
                 applications can provide guidance to the operating
                 system regarding allocation and recycling of physical
                 memory. The operating system incorporates this guidance
                 to decide which physical page should be used to back a
                 particular virtual page. The key intuition behind this
                 approach is that application software, as a generator
                 of memory accesses, is best equipped to inform the
                 operating system about the relative access rates and
                 overlapping patterns of usage of its own address space.
                 It is also capable of steering its own algorithms in
                 order to keep its dynamic memory footprint under check
                 when there is a need to reduce power or to contain the
                 spillover effects from bursts in demand. Application
                 software, working cooperatively with the operating
                 system, can therefore help the latter schedule memory
                 more effectively and efficiently than when the
                 operating system is forced to act alone without such
                 guidance. It is particularly difficult to achieve power
                 efficiency without application guidance since power
                 expended in memory is a function not merely of the
                 intensity with which memory is accessed in time but
                 also how many physical ranks are affected by an
                 application's memory usage. Our framework introduces an
                 abstraction called ``colors'' for the application to
                 communicate its intent to the operating system. We
                 modify the operating system to receive this
                 communication in an efficient way, and to organize
                 physical memory pages into intermediate level grouping
                 structures called ``trays'' which capture the
                 physically independent access channels and self-refresh
                 domains, so that it can apply this guidance without
                 entangling the application in lower level details of
                 power or bandwidth management. This paper describes how
                 we re-architect the memory management of a recent Linux
                 kernel to realize a three way collaboration between
                 hardware, supervisory software, and application
                 tasks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Jantz:2013:PPO,
  author =       "Michael R. Jantz and Prasad A. Kulkarni",
  title =        "Performance potential of optimization phase selection
                 during dynamic {JIT} compilation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "131--142",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451539",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Phase selection is the process of customizing the
                 applied set of compiler optimization phases for
                 individual functions or programs to improve performance
                 of generated code. Researchers have recently developed
                 novel feature-vector based heuristic techniques to
                 perform phase selection during online JIT compilation.
                 While these heuristics improve program startup speed,
                 steady-state performance was not seen to benefit over
                 the default fixed single sequence baseline.
                 Unfortunately, it is still not conclusively known
                 whether this lack of steady-state performance gain is
                 due to a failure of existing online phase selection
                 heuristics, or because there is, indeed, little or no
                 speedup to be gained by phase selection in online JIT
                 environments. The goal of this work is to resolve this
                 question, while examining the phase selection related
                 behavior of optimizations, and assessing and improving
                 the effectiveness of existing heuristic solutions. We
                 conduct experiments to find and understand the potency
                 of the factors that can cause the phase selection
                 problem in JIT compilers. Next, using long-running
                 genetic algorithms we determine that program-wide and
                 method-specific phase selection in the HotSpot JIT
                 compiler can produce ideal steady-state performance
                 gains of up to 15\% (4.3\% average) and 44\% (6.2\%
                 average) respectively. We also find that existing
                 state-of-the-art heuristic solutions are unable to
                 realize these performance gains (in our experimental
                 setup), discuss possible causes, and show that
                 exploiting knowledge of optimization phase behavior can
                 help improve such heuristic solutions. Our work
                 develops a robust open-source production-quality
                 framework using the HotSpot JVM to further explore this
                 problem in the future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Jeong:2013:AVM,
  author =       "Jinkyu Jeong and Sung-Hun Kim and Hwanju Kim and
                 Joonwon Lee and Euiseong Seo",
  title =        "Analysis of virtual machine live-migration as a method
                 for power-capping",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1629--1655",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-013-0956-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 8 11:30:58 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=66&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-013-0956-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Jia:2013:SID,
  author =       "Ning Jia and Chun Yang and Jing Wang and Dong Tong and
                 Keyi Wang",
  title =        "{SPIRE}: improving dynamic binary translation through
                 {SPC}-indexed indirect branch redirecting",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1--12",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451516",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Dynamic binary translation system must perform an
                 address translation for every execution of indirect
                 branch instructions. The procedure to convert Source
                 binary Program Counter (SPC) address to Translated
                 Program Counter (TPC) address always takes more than 10
                 instructions, becoming a major source of performance
                 overhead. This paper proposes a novel mechanism called
                 SPc-Indexed REdirecting (SPIRE), which can
                 significantly reduce the indirect branch handling
                 overhead. SPIRE doesn't rely on hash lookup and address
                 mapping table to perform address translation. It reuses
                 the source binary code space to build a SPC-indexed
                 redirecting table. This table can be indexed directly
                 by SPC address without hashing. With SPIRE, the
                 indirect branch can jump to the originally SPC address
                 without address translation. The trampoline residing in
                 the SPC address will redirect the control flow to
                 related code cache. Only 2-6 instructions are needed to
                 handle an indirect branch execution. As part of the
                 source binary would be overwritten, a shadow page
                 mechanism is explored to keep transparency of the
                 corrupt source binary code page. Online profiling is
                 adopted to reduce the memory overhead. We have
                 implemented SPIRE on an x86 to x86 DBT system, and
                 discussed the implementation issues on different guest
                 and host architectures. The experiments show that,
                 compared with hash lookup mechanism, SPIRE can reduce
                 the performance overhead by 36.2\% on average, up to
                 51.4\%, while only 5.6\% extra memory is needed. SPIRE
                 can cooperate with other indirect branch handling
                 mechanisms easily, and we believe the idea of SPIRE can
                 also be applied on other occasions that need address
                 translation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Jin:2013:CFG,
  author =       "Hai Jin and Ge Cheng and Deqing Zou and Xinwen Zhang",
  title =        "{Cherub}: Fine-grained application protection with
                 on-demand virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-MATH-APPL,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1326--1338",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CMAPDK",
  ISSN =         "0898-1221 (print), 1873-7668 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0898-1221",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 1 21:51:21 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computmathappl2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122112001149",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers and Mathematics with Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08981221",
}

@Article{Jo:2013:ELM,
  author =       "Changyeon Jo and Erik Gustafsson and Jeongseok Son and
                 Bernhard Egger",
  title =        "Efficient live migration of virtual machines using
                 shared storage",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "41--50",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451524",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Live migration of virtual machines (VM) across
                 distinct physical hosts is an important feature of
                 virtualization technology for maintenance,
                 load-balancing and energy reduction, especially so for
                 data centers operators and cluster service providers.
                 Several techniques have been proposed to reduce the
                 downtime of the VM being transferred, often at the
                 expense of the total migration time. In this work, we
                 present a technique to reduce the total time required
                 to migrate a running VM from one host to another while
                 keeping the downtime to a minimum. Based on the
                 observation that modern operating systems use the
                 better part of the physical memory to cache data from
                 secondary storage, our technique tracks the VM's I/O
                 operations to the network-attached storage device and
                 maintains an updated mapping of memory pages that
                 currently reside in identical form on the storage
                 device. During the iterative pre-copy live migration
                 process, instead of transferring those pages from the
                 source to the target host, the memory-to-disk mapping
                 is sent to the target host which then fetches the
                 contents directly from the network-attached storage
                 device. We have implemented our approach into the Xen
                 hypervisor and ran a series of experiments with Linux
                 HVM guests. On average, the presented technique shows a
                 reduction of up over 30\% on average of the total
                 transfer time for a series of benchmarks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Kalibera:2013:RBR,
  author =       "Tomas Kalibera and Richard Jones",
  title =        "Rigorous benchmarking in reasonable time",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "63--74",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2555670.2464160",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 08:04:34 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ISMM '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Experimental evaluation is key to systems research.
                 Because modern systems are complex and
                 non-deterministic, good experimental methodology
                 demands that researchers account for uncertainty. To
                 obtain valid results, they are expected to run many
                 iterations of benchmarks, invoke virtual machines (VMs)
                 several times, or even rebuild VM or benchmark binaries
                 more than once. All this repetition costs time to
                 complete experiments. Currently, many evaluations give
                 up on sufficient repetition or rigorous statistical
                 methods, or even run benchmarks only in training sizes.
                 The results reported often lack proper variation
                 estimates and, when a small difference between two
                 systems is reported, some are simply unreliable. In
                 contrast, we provide a statistically rigorous
                 methodology for repetition and summarising results that
                 makes efficient use of experimentation time. Time
                 efficiency comes from two key observations. First, a
                 given benchmark on a given platform is typically prone
                 to much less non-determinism than the common worst-case
                 of published corner-case studies. Second, repetition is
                 most needed where most uncertainty arises (whether
                 between builds, between executions or between
                 iterations). We capture experimentation cost with a
                 novel mathematical model, which we use to identify the
                 number of repetitions at each level of an experiment
                 necessary and sufficient to obtain a given level of
                 precision. We present our methodology as a cookbook
                 that guides researchers on the number of repetitions
                 they should run to obtain reliable results. We also
                 show how to present results with an effect size
                 confidence interval. As an example, we show how to use
                 our methodology to conduct throughput experiments with
                 the DaCapo and SPEC CPU benchmarks on three recent
                 platforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Kamga:2013:CFE,
  author =       "Christine Mayap Kamga",
  title =        "{CPU} frequency emulation based on {DVFS}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "34--41",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2553070.2553076",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 27 15:50:29 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Nowadays, virtualization is present in almost all
                 computing infrastructures. Thanks to VM migration and
                 server consolidation, virtualization helps in reducing
                 power consumption in distributed environments. On
                 another side, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling
                 (DVFS) allows servers to dynamically modify the
                 processor frequency (according to the CPU load) in
                 order to achieve less energy consumption. We observe
                 that DVFS is mainly used, but still generates a waste
                 of energy. In fact, the DVFS frequency scaling policies
                 are based on advertised processor frequency. By default
                 and thanks to the on-demand governor, it scales up or
                 down the processor frequency according to the current
                 load and the different predefined threshold (up and
                 down). However, the set of frequencies constitutes a
                 discrete range of frequencies. In this case, the
                 frequency required for a specific load will almost be
                 scaled to a frequency more higher than expected; which
                 leads to a non-efficient use of energy. In this paper,
                 we analyze and address a way of emulating a precise CPU
                 frequency thanks to the DVFS management in virtualized
                 environments. We implemented and evaluated our
                 prototype in the Xen hypervisor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
}

@Article{Kang:2013:HPP,
  author =       "Hui Kang and Jennifer L. Wong",
  title =        "To hardware prefetch or not to prefetch?: a
                 virtualized environment study and core binding
                 approach",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "357--368",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2499368.2451155",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 1 17:15:23 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Most hardware and software vendors suggest disabling
                 hardware prefetching in virtualized environments. They
                 claim that prefetching is detrimental to application
                 performance due to inaccurate prediction caused by
                 workload diversity and VM interference on shared cache.
                 However, no comprehensive or quantitative measurements
                 to support this belief have been performed. This paper
                 is the first to systematically measure the influence of
                 hardware prefetching in virtualized environments. We
                 examine a wide variety of benchmarks on three types of
                 chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) to analyze the hardware
                 prefetching performance. We conduct extensive
                 experiments by taking into account a number of
                 important virtualization factors. We find that hardware
                 prefetching has minimal destructive influence under
                 most configurations. Only with certain application
                 combinations does prefetching influence the overall
                 performance. To leverage these findings and make
                 hardware prefetching effective across a diversity of
                 virtualized environments, we propose a dynamic
                 prefetching-aware VCPU-core binding approach (PAVCB),
                 which includes two phases --- classifying and binding.
                 The workload of each VM is classified into different
                 cache sharing constraint categories based upon its
                 cache access characteristics, considering both prefetch
                 requests and demand requests. Then following heuristic
                 rules, the VCPUs of each VM are scheduled onto
                 appropriate cores subject to cache sharing constraints.
                 We show that the proposed approach can improve
                 performance by 12\% on average over the default
                 scheduler and 46\% over manual system administrator
                 bindings across different workload combinations in the
                 presence of hardware prefetching.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '13 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kaufmann:2013:SCO,
  author =       "Marco Kaufmann and Rainer G. Spallek",
  title =        "Superblock compilation and other optimization
                 techniques for a {Java}-based {DBT} machine emulator",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "33--40",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451521",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Superblock compilation techniques such as control flow
                 graph (CFG) or trace compilation have become a widely
                 adopted approach to increase the performance of
                 dynamically compiling virtual machines even further.
                 While this was shown to be successful for many
                 conventional virtual machines, it did not result in a
                 higher performance for Java-based DBT machine emulators
                 so far. These emulators dynamically translate
                 application binaries of a target machine into Java
                 bytecode, which is then eventually compiled into the
                 native code of the emulating host by the Java Virtual
                 Machine (JVM). Successful superblock compilation
                 techniques for this class of emulators must consider
                 the special requirements that result from the two-stage
                 translation as well as the characteristics of the JVM,
                 such as the inability of most Java JIT compilers to
                 handle large bytecode methods efficiently. In this
                 paper, we present a superblock compilation approach for
                 a Java-based DBT machine emulator that generates a
                 performance increase of up to 90 percent and of 32
                 percent on average. The key idea of our design is to
                 provide a large scope over the control flow of target
                 applications across basic block boundaries for the JVM,
                 while still keeping small bytecode methods for the
                 execution units. In addition, we also present two
                 further optimizations --- interpreter context
                 elimination and program counter elimination --- which
                 increase the emulation performance by 16 percent again.
                 In total, the optimization techniques discussed in this
                 paper provide an average performance gain of 48 percent
                 for the surveyed emulator.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Kawahito:2013:IRF,
  author =       "Motohiro Kawahito and Hideaki Komatsu and Takao
                 Moriyama and Hiroshi Inoue and Toshio Nakatani",
  title =        "Idiom recognition framework using topological
                 embedding",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2512431",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 16 17:20:12 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Modern processors support hardware-assist instructions
                 (such as TRT and TROT instructions on the IBM System z)
                 to accelerate certain functions such as delimiter
                 search and character conversion. Such special
                 instructions are often used in high-performance
                 libraries, but their exploitation in optimizing
                 compilers has been limited. We devised a new idiom
                 recognition technique based on a topological embedding
                 algorithm to detect idiom patterns in the input
                 programs more aggressively than in previous approaches
                 using exact pattern matching. Our approach can detect a
                 pattern even if the code segment does not exactly match
                 the idiom. For example, we can detect a code segment
                 that includes additional code within the idiom pattern.
                 We also propose an instruction simplification for the
                 idiom recognition. This optimization analyzes all of
                 the usages of the output of the optimized code for a
                 specific idiom. If we find that we do not need an
                 actual value for the output but only a value in a
                 subrange, then we can assign a value in that subrange
                 as the output. The code generation can generate faster
                 code with this optimization. We implemented our new
                 idiom recognition approach based on the Java
                 Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler that is part of the J9 Java
                 Virtual Machine, and we supported several important
                 idioms for the special hardware-assist instructions on
                 the IBM System z and on some models of the IBM System
                 p. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique,
                 we performed two experiments. The first experiment was
                 to see how many more patterns we can detect compared to
                 the previous approach. The second experiment measured
                 the performance improvements over the previous
                 approaches. For the first experiment, we used the Java
                 Compatibility Kit (JCK) API tests. For the second
                 experiment we used the IBM XML parser, SPECjvm98, and
                 SPCjbb2000. In summary, relative to a baseline
                 implementation using exact pattern matching, our
                 algorithm converted 76\% more loops in JCK tests. On a
                 z9, we also observed significant average performance
                 improvement of the XML parser by 54\%, of SPECjvm98 by
                 1.9\%, and of SPECjbb2000 by 4.4\%. Finally, we
                 observed that the JIT compilation time increased by
                 only 0.32\% to 0.44\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Khazaei:2013:PCC,
  author =       "Hamzeh Khazaei and Jelena Misic and Vojislav B.
                 Misic",
  title =        "Performance of Cloud Centers with High Degree of
                 Virtualization under Batch Task Arrivals",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2429--2438",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2012.318",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 28 18:34:52 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Kiefer:2013:RDN,
  author =       "Kurt E. Kiefer and Louise E. Moser",
  title =        "Replay debugging of non-deterministic executions in
                 the {Kernel}-based {Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1261--1281",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.1094",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 3 10:30:25 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 May 2011",
}

@Article{Kiefer:2013:SIP,
  author =       "Kurt E. Kiefer and Louise E. Moser",
  title =        "Special Issue Papers: Replay debugging of
                 non-deterministic executions in the {Kernel}-based
                 {Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1261--1281",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.1094",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 3 10:30:25 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 May 2011",
}

@Article{Kim:2013:DBC,
  author =       "Hwanju Kim and Sangwook Kim and Jinkyu Jeong and
                 Joonwon Lee and Seungryoul Maeng",
  title =        "Demand-based coordinated scheduling for {SMP VMs}",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "369--380",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2490301.2451156",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 4 07:40:49 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As processor architectures have been enhancing their
                 computing capacity by increasing core counts,
                 independent workloads can be consolidated on a single
                 node for the sake of high resource efficiency in data
                 centers. With the prevalence of virtualization
                 technology, each individual workload can be hosted on a
                 virtual machine for strong isolation between co-located
                 workloads. Along with this trend, hosted applications
                 have increasingly been multithreaded to take advantage
                 of improved hardware parallelism. Although the
                 performance of many multithreaded applications highly
                 depends on communication (or synchronization) latency,
                 existing schemes of virtual machine scheduling do not
                 explicitly coordinate virtual CPUs based on their
                 communication behaviors. This paper presents a
                 demand-based coordinated scheduling scheme for
                 consolidated virtual machines that host multithreaded
                 workloads. To this end, we propose communication-driven
                 scheduling that controls time-sharing in response to
                 inter-processor interrupts (IPIs) between virtual CPUs.
                 On the basis of in-depth analysis on the relationship
                 between IPI communications and coordination demands, we
                 devise IPI-driven coscheduling and delayed preemption
                 schemes, which effectively reduce synchronization
                 latency and unnecessary CPU consumption. In addition,
                 we introduce a load-conscious CPU allocation policy in
                 order to address load imbalance in heterogeneously
                 consolidated environments. The proposed schemes are
                 evaluated with respect to various scenarios of mixed
                 workloads using the PARSEC multithreaded applications.
                 In the evaluation, our scheme improves the overall
                 performance of consolidated workloads, especially
                 communication-intensive applications, by reducing
                 inefficient synchronization latency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '13 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kim:2013:VMC,
  author =       "Shin-gyu Kim and Hyeonsang Eom and Heon Y. Yeom",
  title =        "Virtual machine consolidation based on interference
                 modeling",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1489--1506",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-013-0939-2",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 8 10:22:06 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=66&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-013-0939-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kocoloski:2013:ICN,
  author =       "Brian Kocoloski and John Lange",
  title =        "Improving compute node performance using
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-IJHPCA,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "124--135",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "IHPCFL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342013476313",
  ISSN =         "1094-3420 (print), 1741-2846 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3420",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 22 12:39:11 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://hpc.sagepub.com/content/27/2.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ijsa.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://hpc.sagepub.com/content/27/2/124.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of High Performance Computing
                 Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://hpc.sagepub.com/content/by/year",
  onlinedate =   "February 28, 2013",
}

@Article{Lameed:2013:MAS,
  author =       "Nurudeen A. Lameed and Laurie J. Hendren",
  title =        "A modular approach to on-stack replacement in {LLVM}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "143--154",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451541",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "On-stack replacement (OSR) is a technique that allows
                 a virtual machine to interrupt running code during the
                 execution of a function/method, to re-optimize the
                 function on-the-fly using an optimizing JIT compiler,
                 and then to resume the interrupted function at the
                 point and state at which it was interrupted. OSR is
                 particularly useful for programs with potentially
                 long-running loops, as it allows dynamic optimization
                 of those loops as soon as they become hot. This paper
                 presents a modular approach to implementing OSR for the
                 LLVM compiler infrastructure. This is an important step
                 forward because LLVM is gaining popular support, and
                 adding the OSR capability allows compiler developers to
                 develop new dynamic techniques. In particular, it will
                 enable more sophisticated LLVM-based JIT compiler
                 approaches. Indeed, other compiler/VM developers can
                 use our approach because it is a clean modular addition
                 to the standard LLVM distribution. Further, our
                 approach is defined completely at the LLVM-IR level and
                 thus does not require any modifications to the target
                 code generation. The OSR implementation can be used by
                 different compilers to support a variety of dynamic
                 optimizations. As a demonstration of our OSR approach,
                 we have used it to support dynamic inlining in McVM.
                 McVM is a virtual machine for MATLAB which uses a
                 LLVM-based JIT compiler. MATLAB is a popular dynamic
                 language for scientific and engineering applications
                 that typically manipulate large matrices and often
                 contain long-running loops, and is thus an ideal target
                 for dynamic JIT compilation and OSRs. Using our McVM
                 example, we demonstrate reasonable overheads for our
                 benchmark set, and performance improvements when using
                 it to perform dynamic inlining.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Li:2013:RVS,
  author =       "Wenfeng Li and Ye Zhong and Xun Wang and Yulian Cao",
  title =        "Resource virtualization and service selection in cloud
                 logistics",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1696--1704",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:44:44 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108480451300057X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Book{Lindholm:2013:JVMa,
  author =       "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin and Gilad Bracha and
                 Alex Buckley",
  title =        "The {Java Virtual Machine} Specification",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "0-13-326044-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-326044-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 28 14:57:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "The Java series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language)",
  xxaddress =    "Harlow",
}

@Book{Lindholm:2013:JVMb,
  author =       "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin and Gilad Bracha and
                 Alex Buckley",
  title =        "The {Java Virtual Machine} Specification",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW,
  edition =      "{Java SE 7}",
  pages =        "xvii + 587 (est.)",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "0-13-326049-6, 0-13-326044-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-326049-6, 978-0-13-326044-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 L56 1999",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 07:52:39 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://proquest.tech.safaribooksonline.de/9780133260496",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Previous edition: 2nd, 1999.",
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language); Internet; Virtual
                 computer systems; Java (Computer program language);
                 Internet; Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Liu:2013:SPV,
  author =       "Denghui Liu and Jinli Cao",
  title =        "Scheduling para-virtualized virtual machines based on
                 events",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1130--1139",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 27 07:33:35 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X12002348",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Lyons:2013:SFF,
  author =       "Michael Lyons and Gu-Yeon Wei and David Brooks",
  title =        "{Shrink-Fit}: A Framework for Flexible Accelerator
                 Sizing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--20",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/L-CA.2012.7",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 21 07:26:57 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "RTL design complexity discouraged adoption of
                 reconfigurable logic in general purpose systems,
                 impeding opportunities for performance and energy
                 improvements. Recent improvements to HLS compilers
                 simplify RTL design and are easing this barrier. A new
                 challenge will emerge: managing reconfigurable
                 resources between multiple applications with custom
                 hardware designs. In this paper, we propose a method to
                 ``shrink-fit' accelerators within widely varying fabric
                 budgets. Shrink-fit automatically shrinks existing
                 accelerator designs within small fabric budgets and
                 grows designs to increase performance when larger
                 budgets are available. Our method takes advantage of
                 current accelerator design techniques and introduces a
                 novel architectural approach based on fine-grained
                 virtualization. We evaluate shrink-fit using a
                 synthesized implementation of an IDCT for decoding
                 JPEGs and show the IDCT accelerator can shrink by a
                 factor of 16x with minimal performance and area
                 overheads. Using shrink-fit, application designers can
                 achieve the benefits of hardware acceleration with
                 single RTL designs on FPGAs large and small.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Lyons, M (Reprint Author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn \&
                 Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lyons, Michael; Wei,
                 Gu-Yeon; Brooks, David, Harvard Univ, Sch Engn \& Appl
                 Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "172HT",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "Accelerators; computational complexity; Computer
                 applications; custom hardware design; Decoding;
                 discrete cosine transforms; fabric budget; field
                 programmable gate arrays; Field programmable gate
                 arrays; fine grained virtualization; flexible
                 accelerator sizing; FPGA; general purpose computers;
                 general purpose system; hardware acceleration;
                 Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems; HLS compiler; IDCT
                 accelerator; inverse transforms; JPEG decoding; program
                 compilers; Program processors; reconfigurable
                 architectural approach; reconfigurable architectures;
                 Reconfigurable hardware; reconfigurable logic;
                 reconfigurable resource management; RTL design
                 complexity; Runtime; shrink fit accelerator;
                 Special-Purpose and Application-Based Systems; temporal
                 logic; virtual machines; virtualisation",
  number-of-cited-references = "12",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  times-cited =  "0",
  unique-id =    "Lyons:2013:SFF",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Medina:2013:SMM,
  author =       "Violeta Medina and Juan Manuel Garc{\'\i}a",
  title =        "A survey of migration mechanisms of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2492705",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 6 07:33:31 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In the virtualization area, replication has been
                 considered as a mechanism to provide high availability.
                 A high-availability system should be active most of the
                 time, and this is the reason that its design should
                 consider almost zero downtime and a minimal human
                 intervention if a recovery process is demanded. Several
                 migration and replication mechanisms have been
                 developed to provide high availability inside
                 virtualized environments. In this article, a survey of
                 migration mechanisms is reported. These approaches are
                 classified in three main classes: process migration,
                 memory migration, and suspend/resume migration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Minhas:2013:RTH,
  author =       "Umar Farooq Minhas and Shriram Rajagopalan and Brendan
                 Cully and Ashraf Aboulnaga and Kenneth Salem and Andrew
                 Warfield",
  title =        "{RemusDB}: transparent high availability for database
                 systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--45",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-012-0294-6",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1066-8888",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 24 06:07:36 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbj.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we present a technique for building a
                 high-availability (HA) database management system
                 (DBMS). The proposed technique can be applied to any
                 DBMS with little or no customization, and with
                 reasonable performance overhead. Our approach is based
                 on Remus, a commodity HA solution implemented in the
                 virtualization layer, that uses asynchronous virtual
                 machine state replication to provide transparent HA and
                 failover capabilities. We show that while Remus and
                 similar systems can protect a DBMS, database workloads
                 incur a performance overhead of up to 32\% as compared
                 to an unprotected DBMS. We identify the sources of this
                 overhead and develop optimizations that mitigate the
                 problems. We present an experimental evaluation using
                 two popular database systems and industry standard
                 benchmarks showing that for certain workloads, our
                 optimized approach provides fast failover ($ \leq 3 $ s
                 of downtime) with low performance overhead when
                 compared to an unprotected DBMS. Our approach provides
                 a practical means for existing, deployed database
                 systems to be made more reliable with a minimum of
                 risk, cost, and effort. Furthermore, this paper invites
                 new discussion about whether the complexity of HA is
                 best implemented within the DBMS, or as a service by
                 the infrastructure below it.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "VLDB Journal: Very Large Data Bases",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J869",
}

@Article{Mittal:2013:EVE,
  author =       "Aashish Mittal and Dushyant Bansal and Sorav Bansal
                 and Varun Sethi",
  title =        "Efficient virtualization on embedded {Power
                 Architecture\reg} platforms",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "445--458",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2499368.2451163",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 1 17:15:23 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Power Architecture\reg{} processors are popular and
                 widespread on embedded systems, and such platforms are
                 increasingly being used to run virtual machines. While
                 the Power Architecture meets the Popek-and-Goldberg
                 virtualization requirements for traditional
                 trap-and-emulate style virtualization, the performance
                 overhead of virtualization remains high. For example,
                 workloads exhibiting a large amount of kernel activity
                 typically show 3-5x slowdowns over bare-metal. Recent
                 additions to the Linux kernel contain guest and host
                 side paravirtual extensions for Power Architecture
                 platforms. While these extensions improve performance
                 significantly, they are guest-specific,
                 guest-intrusive, and cover only a subset of all
                 possible virtualization optimizations. We present a set
                 of host-side optimizations that achieve comparable
                 performance to the aforementioned paravirtual
                 extensions, on an unmodified guest. Our optimizations
                 are based on adaptive in-place binary translation.
                 Unlike the paravirtual approach, our solution is guest
                 neutral. We implement our ideas in a prototype based on
                 Qemu/KVM. After our modifications, KVM can boot an
                 unmodified Linux guest around 2.5x faster. We contrast
                 our optimization approach with previous similar binary
                 translation based approaches for the x86 architecture;
                 in our experience, each architecture presents a unique
                 set of challenges and optimization opportunities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '13 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Nambiar:2013:KTR,
  author =       "Raghunath Nambiar and Meikel Poess",
  title =        "Keeping the {TPC} relevant!",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1186--1187",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 13 05:56:54 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "The Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC)
                 is a nonprofit organization founded in 1988 to define
                 transaction processing and database benchmarks. Since
                 then, the TPC has played a crucial role in providing
                 the industry with relevant standards for total system
                 performance, price-performance, and energy-efficiency
                 comparisons. TPC benchmarks are widely used by database
                 researchers and academia. Historically known for
                 database-centric standards, the TPC has developed a
                 benchmark for virtualization and is currently
                 developing a multisource data integration benchmark.
                 The technology landscape is changing at a rapid pace,
                 challenging industry experts and researchers to develop
                 innovative techniques for evaluating, measuring, and
                 characterizing the performance of modern application
                 systems. The Technology Conference series on
                 Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking (TPCTC),
                 introduced in 2009, and the new TPC-Express initiatives
                 are steps taken by the TPC to be relevant in the coming
                 years and beyond.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
}

@Article{Noll:2013:OFD,
  author =       "Albert Noll and Thomas Gross",
  title =        "Online feedback-directed optimizations for parallel
                 {Java} code",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "713--728",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2544173.2509518",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 09:19:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "OOPSLA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "The performance of parallel code significantly depends
                 on the parallel task granularity (PTG). If the PTG is
                 too coarse, performance suffers due to load imbalance;
                 if the PTG is too fine, performance suffers from the
                 overhead that is induced by parallel task creation and
                 scheduling. This paper presents a software platform
                 that automatically determines the PTG at run-time.
                 Automatic PTG selection is enabled by concurrent calls,
                 which are special source language constructs that
                 provide a late decision (at run-time) of whether
                 concurrent calls are executed sequentially or
                 concurrently (as a parallel task). Furthermore, the
                 execution semantics of concurrent calls permits the
                 runtime system to merge two (or more) concurrent calls
                 thereby coarsening the PTG. We present an integration
                 of concurrent calls into the Java programming language,
                 the Java Memory Model, and show how the Java Virtual
                 Machine can adapt the PTG based on dynamic profiling.
                 The performance evaluation shows that our runtime
                 system performs competitively to Java programs for
                 which the PTG is tuned manually. Compared to an
                 unfortunate choice of the PTG, this approach performs
                 up to 3x faster than standard Java code.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Ouyang:2013:PTS,
  author =       "Jiannan Ouyang and John R. Lange",
  title =        "Preemptable ticket spinlocks: improving consolidated
                 performance in the cloud",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "191--200",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451549",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "When executing inside a virtual machine environment,
                 OS level synchronization primitives are faced with
                 significant challenges due to the scheduling behavior
                 of the underlying virtual machine monitor. Operations
                 that are ensured to last only a short amount of time on
                 real hardware, are capable of taking considerably
                 longer when running virtualized. This change in
                 assumptions has significant impact when an OS is
                 executing inside a critical region that is protected by
                 a spinlock. The interaction between OS level spinlocks
                 and VMM scheduling is known as the Lock Holder
                 Preemption problem and has a significant impact on
                 overall VM performance. However, with the use of ticket
                 locks instead of generic spinlocks, virtual
                 environments must also contend with waiters being
                 preempted before they are able to acquire the lock.
                 This has the effect of blocking access to a lock, even
                 if the lock itself is available. We identify this
                 scenario as the Lock Waiter Preemption problem. In
                 order to solve both problems we introduce Preemptable
                 Ticket spinlocks, a new locking primitive that is
                 designed to enable a VM to always make forward progress
                 by relaxing the ordering guarantees offered by ticket
                 locks. We show that the use of Preemptable Ticket
                 spinlocks improves VM performance by 5.32X on average,
                 when running on a non paravirtual VMM, and by 7.91X
                 when running on a VMM that supports a paravirtual
                 locking interface, when executing a set of
                 microbenchmarks as well as a realistic e-commerce
                 benchmark.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Pearce:2013:VIS,
  author =       "Michael Pearce and Sherali Zeadally and Ray Hunt",
  title =        "Virtualization: Issues, security threats, and
                 solutions",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2431211.2431216",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 7 11:42:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Although system virtualization is not a new paradigm,
                 the way in which it is used in modern system
                 architectures provides a powerful platform for system
                 building, the advantages of which have only been
                 realized in recent years, as a result of the rapid
                 deployment of commodity hardware and software systems.
                 In principle, virtualization involves the use of an
                 encapsulating software layer (Hypervisor or Virtual
                 Machine Monitor) which surrounds or underlies an
                 operating system and provides the same inputs, outputs,
                 and behavior that would be expected from an actual
                 physical device. This abstraction means that an ideal
                 Virtual Machine Monitor provides an environment to the
                 software equivalent to the host system, but which is
                 decoupled from the hardware state. Because a virtual
                 machine is not dependent on the state of the physical
                 hardware, multiple virtual machines may be installed on
                 a single set of hardware. The decoupling of physical
                 and logical states gives virtualization inherent
                 security benefits. However, the design, implementation,
                 and deployment of virtualization technology have also
                 opened up novel threats and security issues which,
                 while not particular to system virtualization, take on
                 new forms in relation to it. Reverse engineering
                 becomes easier due to introspection capabilities, as
                 encryption keys, security algorithms, low-level
                 protection, intrusion detection, or antidebugging
                 measures can become more easily compromised.
                 Furthermore, associated technologies such as virtual
                 routing and networking can create challenging issues
                 for security, intrusion control, and associated
                 forensic processes. We explain the security
                 considerations and some associated methodologies by
                 which security breaches can occur, and offer
                 recommendations for how virtualized environments can
                 best be protected. Finally, we offer a set of
                 generalized recommendations that can be applied to
                 achieve secure virtualized implementations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Pek:2013:SSI,
  author =       "G{\'a}bor P{\'e}k and Levente Butty'an and
                 Boldizs{\'a}r Bencs{\'a}th",
  title =        "A survey of security issues in hardware
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "40:1--40:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2480741.2480757",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 1 18:21:14 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is a powerful technology for increasing
                 the efficiency of computing services; however, besides
                 its advantages, it also raises a number of security
                 issues. In this article, we provide a thorough survey
                 of those security issues in hardware virtualization. We
                 focus on potential vulnerabilities and existing attacks
                 on various virtualization platforms, but we also
                 briefly sketch some possible countermeasures. To the
                 best of our knowledge, this is the first survey of
                 security issues in hardware virtualization with this
                 level of details. Moreover, the adversary model and the
                 structuring of the attack vectors are original
                 contributions, never published before.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "40",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@PhdThesis{Pfoh:2013:LDV,
  author =       "Jonas Pfoh",
  title =        "Leveraging Derivative Virtual Machine Introspection
                 Methods for Security Applications",
  type =         "{Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.)}",
  school =       "Fakult{\"a}t f{\"u}r Informatik der Technischen
                 Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen, Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r
                 Sicherheit in der Informatik",
  address =      "Munich, Germany",
  pages =        "xviii + 117",
  year =         "2013",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 04 08:25:46 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1115811;
                 http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/download/1115811/1115811.pdf;
                 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20130318-1115811-0-5",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine introspection (VMI) describes the
                 method of monitoring, analyzing, and manipulating the
                 state of a virtual machine from the hypervisor level.
                 This lends itself to many security applications, though
                 they all share a single fundamental challenge: One must
                 address the fact that the hypervisor has no semantic
                 knowledge about what the system state means.
                 Traditionally, this semantic knowledge is simply
                 delivered to the hypervisor in the form of debugging
                 symbols, symbol tables, etc. On the other hand, it is
                 possible to derive information about the guest OS by
                 considering hardware features and their specifications.
                 The main contribution of this research is an
                 examination of such derivative VMI methods and their
                 strengths. This culminates in the introduction of a
                 novel derivative method for collecting system calls
                 from the hypervisor which is completely guest OS
                 agnostic and cannot be evaded from within the guest.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  advisor =      "Uwe Baumgarten",
}

@Book{Rayns:2013:CJS,
  author =       "Chris Rayns and others",
  title =        "{CICS} and the {JVM} server developing and deploying
                 {Java} applications",
  publisher =    "IBM Corporation, International Technical Support
                 Organization",
  address =      "Poughkeepsie, NY, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "0-7384-3833-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7384-3833-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 08:14:09 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "IBM redbooks",
  URL =          "http://proquest.tech.safaribooksonline.de/0738438332",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "CICS (Syst{\`e}me informatique); Java (Langage de
                 programmation); Logiciels d'application;
                 D{\'e}veloppement; Syst{\`e}mes virtuels
                 (Informatique); CICS (Computer system); Java (Computer
                 program language); Application software; Development;
                 Virtual computer systems; Development; CICS (Computer
                 system); Java (Computer program language); Virtual
                 computer systems.",
}

@Article{Salimi:2013:BSC,
  author =       "Hadi Salimi and Mohsen Sharifi",
  title =        "Batch scheduling of consolidated virtual machines
                 based on their workload interference model",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2057--2066",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 2 16:55:00 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13000332",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Salkeld:2013:IDO,
  author =       "Robin Salkeld and Gregor Kiczales",
  title =        "Interacting with dead objects",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "203--216",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2544173.2509543",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 09:19:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "OOPSLA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Debugging and analyzing a snapshot of a crashed
                 program's memory is far more difficult than working
                 with a live program, because debuggers can no longer
                 execute code to help make sense of the program state.
                 We present an architecture that supports the restricted
                 execution of ordinary code starting from the snapshot,
                 as if the dead objects within it had been restored, but
                 without access to their original external environment.
                 We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach via an
                 implementation for Java that does not require a custom
                 virtual machine, show that it performs competitively
                 with live execution, and use it to diagnose an
                 unresolved memory leak in a mature mainstream
                 application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Sanchez:2013:ZFA,
  author =       "Daniel Sanchez and Christos Kozyrakis",
  title =        "{ZSim}: fast and accurate microarchitectural
                 simulation of thousand-core systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "475--486",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2508148.2485963",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 06:58:55 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ICSA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Architectural simulation is time-consuming, and the
                 trend towards hundreds of cores is making sequential
                 simulation even slower. Existing parallel simulation
                 techniques either scale poorly due to excessive
                 synchronization, or sacrifice accuracy by allowing
                 event reordering and using simplistic contention
                 models. As a result, most researchers use sequential
                 simulators and model small-scale systems with 16--32
                 cores. With 100-core chips already available,
                 developing simulators that scale to thousands of cores
                 is crucial. We present three novel techniques that,
                 together, make thousand-core simulation practical.
                 First, we speed up detailed core models (including OOO
                 cores) with instruction-driven timing models that
                 leverage dynamic binary translation. Second, we
                 introduce bound-weave, a two-phase parallelization
                 technique that scales parallel simulation on multicore
                 hosts efficiently with minimal loss of accuracy. Third,
                 we implement lightweight user-level virtualization to
                 support complex workloads, including multiprogrammed,
                 client-server, and managed-runtime applications,
                 without the need for full-system simulation,
                 sidestepping the lack of scalable OSs and ISAs that
                 support thousands of cores. We use these techniques to
                 build zsim, a fast, scalable, and accurate simulator.
                 On a 16-core host, zsim models a 1024-core chip at
                 speeds of up to 1,500 MIPS using simple cores and up to
                 300 MIPS using detailed OOO cores, 2-3 orders of
                 magnitude faster than existing parallel simulators.
                 Simulator performance scales well with both the number
                 of modeled cores and the number of host cores. We
                 validate zsim against a real Westmere system on a wide
                 variety of workloads, and find performance and
                 microarchitectural events to be within a narrow range
                 of the real system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@MastersThesis{Schmeisser:2013:MOE,
  author =       "Michael Schmei{\ss}er",
  title =        "{Metriken und optimale Einsatzszenarien f{\"u}r
                 Garbage Collectoren der Java HotSpot Virtual Machine}.
                 ({German}) [{Metrics} and best use scenarios for
                 garbage collectors of the {Java HotSpot Virtual
                 Machine}]",
  type =         "Masterarbeit",
  school =       "Hochschule f{\"u}r Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur",
  address =      "Leipzig, Germany",
  pages =        "iii + 103",
  year =         "2013",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 04 08:18:41 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@PhdThesis{Schneider:2013:FVM,
  author =       "Christian A. Schneider",
  title =        "Full virtual machine state reconstruction for security
                 applications",
  type =         "{Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.)}",
  school =       "Fakult{\"a}t f{\"u}r Informatik der Technischen
                 Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen, Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r
                 Sicherheit in der Informatik",
  address =      "Munich, Germany",
  pages =        "xvi + 153",
  day =          "23",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2013",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 04 08:03:14 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1142206;
                 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20131029-1142206-0-0",
  abstract =     "This work explores the possibilities and implications
                 of bridging the semantic gap between the hypervisor and
                 its virtual machines to support security applications
                 using a technique called virtual machine introspection
                 (VMI). We define a formal model for VMI to describe and
                 compare such approaches. We then propose, implement and
                 evaluate a novel VMI framework that applies knowledge
                 of the operating system and derived through a source
                 code analysis to reconstruct the kernel state from
                 physical memory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  advisor =      "Uwe Baumgarten",
}

@Article{Sem-Jacobsen:2013:ELC,
  author =       "Frank Olaf Sem-Jacobsen and Samuel Rodrigo and Tor
                 Skeie and Alessandro Strano and Davide Bertozzi",
  title =        "An efficient, low-cost routing framework for convex
                 mesh partitions to support virtualization",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "107:1--107:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2485984.2485995",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 1 18:28:35 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "At the core of an efficient chip multiprocessors (CMP)
                 is support for unicast and multicast routing, low
                 implementation costs, and the ability to isolate
                 concurrent applications with maximum utilization of the
                 CMP. We present an efficient logic-based unicast and
                 multicast routing algorithm that guarantees isolation
                 of local application traffic within any near-convex
                 region on the chip, and the algorithms to recognize
                 supported partitions and configure the cores
                 accordingly. Evaluations show that the routing
                 algorithm has a 57{\&}percent; more compact
                 implementation than a recent multicast solution with
                 the same coverage, and it achieves 5{\&}percent; higher
                 throughput with 13{\&}percent; lower latency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "107",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J840",
}

@Book{Seth:2013:UJV,
  author =       "Sachin Seth",
  title =        "Understanding {Java Virtual Machine}",
  publisher =    "Alpha Science International",
  address =      "Oxford, UK",
  pages =        "318",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "1-84265-815-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-84265-815-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 S437 2013",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 13:23:14 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  shorttableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Platform Dependency and Virtualization \\
                 Class File Format \\
                 Designing Platform Independent Language \\
                 JVM Internal Data Structure \\
                 JVM Instruction Set \\
                 General Algorithm of Java Virtual Machines \\
                 Understanding Java Native Interface \\
                 Implementing JNI Functions \\
                 Multithreading in Java \\
                 Garbage Collection",
  subject =      "Java virtual machine; Virtual computer systems",
  tableofcontents = "1. Platform Dependency and Virtualization \\
                 1.1. Introduction \\
                 1.2. How Programs Are Platform Dependent \\
                 1.2.1. Windows Segmented Executable File Format \\
                 1.2.2. {\tt a.out} (File Format) \\
                 1.2.3. Executable and Linking Format (ELF) \\
                 1.3. How Platform Independence is Achieved \\
                 1.3.1. Hardware Virtual Machines \\
                 1.3.2. Application Virtual Machines \\
                 1.3.3. Machine Aggregation \\
                 1.4. Java Virtual Machine \\
                 1.5. Why Byte Codes \\
                 2. Class File Format \\
                 2.1. Introduction \\
                 2.2. Signature or Magic Byte \\
                 2.3. Major and Minor Version Number \\
                 2.4. Constant Pool Count \\
                 2.5. Constant Pool Table \\
                 2.5.1. Constant\_Utf8 \\
                 2.5.2. Constant\_Integer and Constant\_Float \\
                 2.5.3. Constant\_Long and Constant\_Double \\
                 2.5.4. Constant\_Class \\
                 2.5.5. Constant\_String \\
                 2.5.6. Constant\_Fieldref, Constant\_Methodref,
                 Constant\_InterfaceMethodref \\
                 2.5.7. Constant\_NameAndType \\
                 2.6. Access Flags \\
                 2.7. This\_class \\
                 2.8. super\_class \\
                 2.9. Interface\_count \\
                 2.10. Interfaces table \\
                 2.11. Fields Count \\
                 2.12. Field table \\
                 2.12.1. Access\_Flags \\
                 2.12.2. Name\_Index \\
                 2.12.3. Descriptor\_Index \\
                 2.12.4. Attributes\_Count \\
                 2.12.5. Attributes\_Table \\
                 2.13. Methods count \\
                 2.14. Method table \\
                 2.15. Attributes\_Count \\
                 2.16. Attributes\_table \\
                 2.16.1. Attribute Information Structure \\
                 2.17. Code Attribute \\
                 2.18. Exceptions Attribute \\
                 2.19. C data structure to represent the class file \\
                 2.20. Internal Representation of descriptor \\
                 2.20.1. Field Descriptors \\
                 2.20.2. Method Descriptors \\
                 3. Designing Platform Independent Language \\
                 3.1. Designing Your Own Platform Independent Language
                 \\
                 4. JVM Internal Data Structure \\
                 4.1. Introduction \\
                 4.2. Java Virtual Machine Data Types \\
                 4.2.1. Integral Types \\
                 4.2.2. Floating Point Types \\
                 4.2.3. Return Address Type \\
                 4.2.4. Boolean Type \\
                 4.2.5. Reference Type \\
                 4.3. JVM Data Types Storage Area \\
                 4.4. JVM Internal Data Structures \\
                 4.4.1. The pc Register \\
                 4.4.2. Class Heap \\
                 4.4.3. Object Heap \\
                 4.4.4. Array Heap \\
                 4.4.5. Stack Frame \\
                 4.4.6. Method Area \\
                 4.4.7. Operand Stack \\
                 5. JVM Instruction Set \\
                 5.1. Introduction \\
                 5.2. Virtual Machine Error \\
                 5.3. Operations Involved in Executing Instructions \\
                 5.3.1. Push and Pop on Operand Stack \\
                 5.3.2. Push and Pop on Parameter Stack \\
                 5.3.3. Creating Function Stack Frame \\
                 5.3.4. Retrieving and Storing Values in Function Stack
                 Frame \\
                 5.3.5. Creating an Object of Class \\
                 5.3.6. Storing Field Value \\
                 5.3.7. Getting Field Value \\
                 5.3.8. Allocating Memory for Static Fields \\
                 5.3.9. Storing Static Field Values \\
                 5.3.10. Get Static Field Values \\
                 5.3.11. Creating Array \\
                 5.3.12. Creating the Muti-dimensional Array \\
                 5.3.13. Storing and Retrieving Value from Array \\
                 5.3.14. Executing a Method \\
                 5.3.15. Throw an Exception \\
                 5.3.16. Acquiring Monitor \\
                 5.3.17. Releasing Monitor \\
                 5.3.18. Constant\_utf8 to String \\
                 5.4. Instruction Set \\
                 6. General Algorithm Of Java Virtual Machines \\
                 6.1. What Happens Behind the Scene \\
                 6.1.1. Loading of Class \\
                 6.1.2. Verification of Class \\
                 6.1.3. Preparation of Class \\
                 6.1.4. Resolution of Symbols \\
                 6.1.5. Initialization \\
                 6.1.6. Initialize System Class Function \\
                 6.1.7. Load and Execute Test Class Class \\
                 6.2. Changes in JVM's Internal Data Structure \\
                 7. Understanding Java Native Interface \\
                 7.1. Why JNI \\
                 7.2. JNI Interface Functions \\
                 7.3. Loading and Linking Native Library \\
                 7.4. Referencing Java Objects \\
                 7.5. JNI Types and Data Structures \\
                 7.6. JNI by Example \\
                 7.7. JNI behind the Scene \\
                 7.7.1. Calling Native Function from Java \\
                 7.7.2. Calling Java Function from Native Language \\
                 8. Implementing JNI Functions \\
                 8.1. JNI Function Table \\
                 8.2. Initializing JNI Environment \\
                 8.3. JNI Helper Functions \\
                 8.3.1. Call Method \\
                 8.3.2. Call Method A0 \\
                 8.3.3. Call Static Method 0 \\
                 8.3.4. Call Static Method A0 \\
                 8.3.5. Release Array Elements 0 \\
                 8.3.6. Add to Local Ref List \\
                 8.4. JNI Functions \\
                 8.4.1. GetVersion \\
                 8.4.2. DefineClass \\
                 8.4.3. Find Class \\
                 8.4.4. GetSuperclass \\
                 8.4.5. Is Assignable From \\
                 8.4.6. Throw \\
                 8.4.7. ThrowNew \\
                 8.4.8. Throws \\
                 8.4.9. Exception Describe \\
                 8.4.10. Exception Clear \\
                 8.4.11. Fatal Error \\
                 8.4.12. New Local Ref \\
                 8.4.13. New Global Ref \\
                 8.4.14. New Weak Global Ref \\
                 8.4.15. Delete Global Ref \\
                 8.4.16. Delete Local Ref \\
                 8.4.17. Delete Weak Local Ref \\
                 8.4.18. AllocObject \\
                 8.4.19. New Object, New ObjectA and New ObjectV \\
                 8.4.20. Get Object Class \\
                 8.4.21. Is Instance Of \\
                 8.4.22. Is Same Object \\
                 8.4.23. Get Field ID \\
                 8.4.24. Get<type>Field \\
                 8.4.25. Set<type>Field \\
                 8.4.26. Get Method ID \\
                 8.4.27. Call<type>Method \\
                 8.4.28. Call Nonvirtual<type>Method \\
                 8.4.29. Get Static Field ID \\
                 8.4.30. Get Static<type>Field Routines \\
                 8.4.31. Set Static<type>Field Routines \\
                 8.4.32. Get Static Method ID \\
                 8.4.33. Call Static<type>Method \\
                 8.4.34. New String \\
                 8.4.35. Get String Length \\
                 8.4.36. Get String Region \\
                 8.4.37. Get String Chars \\
                 8.4.38. Get String Critical \\
                 8.4.39. Release String Chars \\
                 8.4.40. Release String Critical \\
                 8.4.41. New String UTF \\
                 8.4.42. Get String UTF Chars \\
                 8.4.43. Get String UTF Region \\
                 8.4.44. Get String UTF Length \\
                 8.4.45. Release String UTF Chars \\
                 8.4.46. Get Array Length \\
                 8.4.47. New Object Array \\
                 8.4.48. Get Object Array Element \\
                 8.4.49. Set Object Array Element \\
                 8.4.50. New<PrimitiveType>Array \\
                 8.4.51. Get<PrimitiveType>ArrayElements Routines \\
                 8.4.52. Release<PrimitiveType>ArrayElements Routines
                 \\
                 8.4.53. Get<PrimitiveType>ArrayRegion Routines \\
                 8.4.54. Set<PrimitiveType>ArrayRegion Routines \\
                 8.4.55. Register Natives \\
                 8.4.56. Unregister Natives \\
                 8.4.57. Push Local Frame \\
                 8.4.58. Pop Local Frame \\
                 8.4.59. Monitor Enter \\
                 8.4.60. Monitor Exit \\
                 8.4.61. Get Java VM \\
                 9. Multithreading In Java \\
                 9.1. Introduction \\
                 9.2. Multithreading in Java \\
                 9.3. Memory Model for Thread \\
                 9.4. Creating Thread in Java \\
                 9.5. Why Multithreading in Java is Platform Dependent?
                 \\
                 9.5.1. Sleep() \\
                 9.5.2. Stop() \\
                 9.5.3. Suspend() \\
                 9.5.4. Resume() \\
                 9.5.5. isAlive() \\
                 9.5.6. Interrupt() \\
                 9.5.7. Join() \\
                 9.5.8. Yield() \\
                 9.5.9. SetPriority() \\
                 9.6. Thread local storage \\
                 9.7. Volatile keyword \\
                 9.8. Thread Synchronization in Java \\
                 10. Garbage Collection \\
                 10.1. Introduction \\
                 10.2. Drawbacks of Legacy Languages \\
                 10.3. Solution to Memory Leak in Java \\
                 10.4. How JVM Recognizes that an Object is not Being
                 Referenced",
}

@Article{Shanmuganathan:2013:DCU,
  author =       "Ganesha Shanmuganathan and Ajay Gulati and Peter
                 Varman",
  title =        "Defragmenting the cloud using demand-based resource
                 allocation",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--80",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2494232.2465763",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 28 06:09:59 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Current public cloud offerings sell capacity in the
                 form of pre-defined virtual machine (VM) configurations
                 to their tenants. Typically this means that tenants
                 must purchase individual VM configurations based on the
                 peak demands of the applications, or be restricted to
                 only scale-out applications that can share a pool of
                 VMs. This diminishes the value proposition of moving to
                 a public cloud as compared to server consolidation in a
                 private virtualized datacenter, where one gets the
                 benefits of statistical multiplexing between VMs
                 belonging to the same or different applications.
                 Ideally one would like to enable a cloud tenant to buy
                 capacity in bulk and benefit from statistical
                 multiplexing among its workloads. This requires the
                 purchased capacity to be dynamically and transparently
                 allocated among the tenant's VMs that may be running on
                 different servers, even across datacenters. In this
                 paper, we propose two novel algorithms called BPX and
                 DBS that are able to provide the cloud customer with
                 the abstraction of buying bulk capacity. These
                 algorithms dynamically allocate the bulk capacity
                 purchased by a customer between its VMs based on their
                 individual demands and user-set importance. Our
                 algorithms are highly scalable and are designed to work
                 in a large-scale distributed environment. We
                 implemented a prototype of BPX as part of VMware's
                 management software and showed that BPX is able to
                 closely mimic the behavior of a centralized allocator
                 in a distributed manner.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Shao:2013:VOS,
  author =       "Zhiyuan Shao and Ligang He and Zhiqiang Lu and Hai
                 Jin",
  title =        "{VSA}: an offline scheduling analyzer for {Xen}
                 virtual machine monitor",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2067--2076",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 2 16:55:00 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X12002245",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Shi:2013:AGC,
  author =       "Xuanhua Shi and Hai Jin and Song Wu and Wei Zhu and Li
                 Qi",
  title =        "Adapting grid computing environments dependable with
                 virtual machines: design, implementation, and
                 evaluations",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1152--1166",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-011-0664-7",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 8 10:22:06 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=66&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-011-0664-7",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Shih:2013:FSV,
  author =       "Chi-Sheng Shih and Jie-Wen Wei and Shih-Hao Hung and
                 Joen Chen and Norman Chang",
  title =        "Fairness scheduler for virtual machines on
                 heterogeneous multi-core platforms",
  journal =      j-SIGAPP,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "28--40",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2460136.2460139",
  ISSN =         "1559-6915 (print), 1931-0161 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1559-6915",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 23 10:24:56 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigapp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2460136.2460139",
  abstract =     "Heterogeneous multi-core processors are now widely
                 deployed to meet computation requirements for
                 multimedia applications on embedded mobile devices.
                 However, due to the difference on computation
                 capability of heterogeneous multi-cores, it is
                 challenging \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigapp",
}

@Article{Shiraz:2013:SVM,
  author =       "Muhammad Shiraz and Saeid Abolfazli and Zohreh Sanaei
                 and Abdullah Gani",
  title =        "A study on virtual machine deployment for application
                 outsourcing in mobile cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "946--964",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-012-0846-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 1 14:50:47 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=63&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-012-0846-y",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Simao:2013:ADQ,
  author =       "Jos{\'e} Sim{\~a}o and Lu{\'\i}s Veiga",
  title =        "Adaptability Driven by Quality of Execution in High
                 Level Virtual Machines for Shared Cloud Environments",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-SYST-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CSSEEI",
  ISSN =         "0267-6192",
  ISSN-L =       "0267-6192",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 10 16:40:28 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsystscieng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Computer Systems Science and
                 Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.crlpublishing.co.uk/csse",
}

@Article{Song:2013:PLM,
  author =       "Xiang Song and Jicheng Shi and Ran Liu and Jian Yang
                 and Haibo Chen",
  title =        "Parallelizing live migration of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "85--96",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451531",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Live VM migration is one of the major primitive
                 operations to manage virtualized cloud platforms. Such
                 operation is usually mission-critical and disruptive to
                 the running services, and thus should be completed as
                 fast as possible. Unfortunately, with the increasing
                 amount of resources configured to a VM, such operations
                 are becoming increasingly time-consuming. In this
                 paper, we make a comprehensive analysis on the
                 parallelization opportunities of live VM migration on
                 two popular open-source VMMs (i.e., Xen and KVM). By
                 leveraging abundant resources like CPU cores and NICs
                 in contemporary server platforms, we design and
                 implement a system called PMigrate that leverages data
                 parallelism and pipeline parallelism to parallelize the
                 operation. As the parallelization framework requires
                 intensive mmap/munmap operations that tax the address
                 space management system in an operating system, we
                 further propose an abstraction called range lock, which
                 improves scalability of concurrent mutation to the
                 address space of an operating system (i.e., Linux) by
                 selectively replacing the per-process address space
                 lock inside kernel with dynamic and fine-grained range
                 locks that exclude costly operations on the requesting
                 address range from using the per-process lock.
                 Evaluation with our working prototype on Xen and KVM
                 shows that PMigrate accelerates the live VM migration
                 ranging from 2.49X to 9.88X, and decreases the downtime
                 ranging from 1.9X to 279.89X. Performance analysis
                 shows that our integration of range lock to Linux
                 significantly improves parallelism in mutating the
                 address space in VM migration and thus boosts the
                 performance ranging from 2.06X to 3.05X. We also show
                 that PMigrate makes only small disruption to other
                 co-hosted production VMs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Stolyar:2013:LSS,
  author =       "Alexander L. Stolyar and Yuan Zhong",
  title =        "A large-scale service system with packing constraints:
                 minimizing the number of occupied servers",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--52",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2494232.2465547",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 28 06:09:59 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider a large-scale service system model
                 proposed in [14], which is motivated by the problem of
                 efficient placement of virtual machines to physical
                 host machines in a network cloud, so that the total
                 number of occupied hosts is minimized. Customers of
                 different types arrive to a system with an infinite
                 number of servers. A server packing configuration is
                 the vector k = {k$_i$ }, where k$_i$ is the number of
                 type-i customers that the server ``contains''. Packing
                 constraints are described by a fixed finite set of
                 allowed configurations. Upon arrival, each customer is
                 placed into a server immediately, subject to the
                 packing constraints; the server can be idle or already
                 serving other customers. After service completion, each
                 customer leaves its server and the system. It was shown
                 in [14] that a simple real-time algorithm, called
                 Greedy, is asymptotically optimal in the sense of
                 minimizing \Sigma $_k$ X$_k^{1 + \alpha }$ in the
                 stationary regime, as the customer arrival rates grow
                 to infinity. (Here \alpha {$>$} 0, and X$_k$ denotes
                 the number of servers with configuration k.) In
                 particular, when parameter \alpha is small, and in the
                 asymptotic regime where customer arrival rates grow to
                 infinity, Greedy solves a problem approximating one of
                 minimizing \Sigma $_k$ X$_k$, the number of occupied
                 hosts. In this paper we introduce the algorithm called
                 Greedy with sublinear Safety Stocks (GSS), and show
                 that it asymptotically solves the exact problem of
                 minimizing \Sigma $_k$ X$_k$. An important feature of
                 the algorithm is that sublinear safety stocks of X$_k$
                 are created automatically --- when and where necessary
                 --- without having to determine a priori where they are
                 required. Moreover, we also provide a tight
                 characterization of the rate of convergence to
                 optimality under GSS. The GSS algorithm is as simple as
                 Greedy, and uses no more system state information than
                 Greedy does.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Strauss:2013:FCC,
  author =       "David Strauss",
  title =        "The future cloud is container, not virtual machines",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2013",
  number =       "228",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 10 06:37:59 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux-journal.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines are the cloud's past; the era of
                 containers is now.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Sudevalayam:2013:AAM,
  author =       "Sujesha Sudevalayam and Purushottam Kulkarni",
  title =        "Affinity-aware modeling of {CPU} usage with
                 communicating virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2627--2638",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 9 07:54:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121213001246",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Sun:2013:BJW,
  author =       "Mengtao Sun and Gang Tan and Joseph Siefers and Bin
                 Zeng and Greg Morrisett",
  title =        "Bringing {Java}'s wild native world under control",
  journal =      j-TISSEC,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ATISBQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2535505",
  ISSN =         "1094-9224 (print), 1557-7406 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-9224",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 11:22:22 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tissec.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "For performance and for incorporating legacy
                 libraries, many Java applications contain native-code
                 components written in unsafe languages such as C and
                 C++. Native-code components interoperate with Java
                 components through the Java Native Interface (JNI). As
                 native code is not regulated by Java's security model,
                 it poses serious security threats to the managed Java
                 world. We introduce a security framework that extends
                 Java's security model and brings native code under
                 control. Leveraging software-based fault isolation, the
                 framework puts native code in a separate sandbox and
                 allows the interaction between the native world and the
                 Java world only through a carefully designed pathway.
                 Two different implementations were built. In one
                 implementation, the security framework is integrated
                 into a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). In the second
                 implementation, the framework is built outside of the
                 JVM and takes advantage of JVM-independent interfaces.
                 The second implementation provides JVM portability, at
                 the expense of some performance degradation. Evaluation
                 of our framework demonstrates that it incurs modest
                 runtime overhead while significantly enhancing the
                 security of Java applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Information and System Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J789",
}

@Article{Thorat:2013:OMV,
  author =       "Nishant Thorat and Arvind Raghavendran and Nigel
                 Groves",
  title =        "Offline management in virtualized environments",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--81",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2436256.2436273",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 27 09:04:24 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "How to run virtual machines together with physical
                 machines, especially when sharing computational
                 resources.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Tu:2013:SDS,
  author =       "Cheng-Chun Tu and Chao-tang Lee and Tzi-cker Chiueh",
  title =        "Secure {I/O} device sharing among virtual machines on
                 multiple hosts",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "108--119",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2508148.2485932",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 06:58:55 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ICSA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Virtualization allows flexible mappings between
                 physical resources and virtual entities, and improves
                 allocation efficiency and agility. Unfortunately, most
                 existing virtualization technologies are limited to
                 resources in a single host. This paper presents the
                 design, implementation and evaluation of a multi-host
                 I/O device virtualization system called Ladon, which
                 enables I/O devices to be shared among virtual machines
                 running on multiple hosts in a secure and efficient
                 way. Specifically, Ladon uses a PCIe network to connect
                 multiple servers with PCIe devices and allows VMs
                 running on these servers to directly interact with
                 these PCIe devices without interfering with one
                 another. Through an evaluation of a fully operational
                 Ladon prototype, we show that there is no throughput
                 and latency penalty of the multi-host I/O
                 virtualization enabled by Ladon compared to those of
                 the existing single-host I/O virtualization
                 technology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Unnikrishnan:2013:RDP,
  author =       "Deepak Unnikrishnan and Ramakrishna Vadlamani and Yong
                 Liao and Jeremie Crenne and Lixin Gao and Russell
                 Tessier",
  title =        "Reconfigurable Data Planes for Scalable Network
                 Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2476--2488",
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2012.155",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 27 18:42:19 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Ureche:2013:MIS,
  author =       "Vlad Ureche and Cristian Talau and Martin Odersky",
  title =        "Miniboxing: improving the speed to code size tradeoff
                 in parametric polymorphism translations",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "73--92",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2544173.2509537",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 09:19:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "OOPSLA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Parametric polymorphism enables code reuse and type
                 safety. Underneath the uniform interface exposed to
                 programmers, however, its low level implementation has
                 to cope with inherently non-uniform data: value types
                 of different sizes and semantics (bytes, integers,
                 floating point numbers) and reference types (pointers
                 to heap objects). On the Java Virtual Machine,
                 parametric polymorphism is currently translated to
                 bytecode using two competing approaches: homogeneous
                 and heterogeneous. Homogeneous translation requires
                 boxing, and thus introduces indirect access delays.
                 Heterogeneous translation duplicates and adapts code
                 for each value type individually, producing more
                 bytecode. Therefore bytecode speed and size are at odds
                 with each other. This paper proposes a novel
                 translation that significantly reduces the bytecode
                 size without affecting the execution speed. The key
                 insight is that larger value types (such as integers)
                 can hold smaller ones (such as bytes) thus reducing the
                 duplication necessary in heterogeneous translations. In
                 our implementation, on the Scala compiler, we encode
                 all primitive value types in long integers. The
                 resulting bytecode approaches the performance of
                 monomorphic code, matches the performance of the
                 heterogeneous translation and obtains speedups of up to
                 22x over the homogeneous translation, all with modest
                 increases in size.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Verboven:2013:BBS,
  author =       "Sam Verboven and Kurt Vanmechelen and Jan Broeckhove",
  title =        "Black box scheduling for resource intensive virtual
                 machine workloads with interference models",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1871--1884",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 2 16:55:00 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1300099X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Versick:2013:PCE,
  author =       "Daniel Versick and Ingolf Wa{\ss}mann and Djamshid
                 Tavangarian",
  title =        "Power consumption estimation of {CPU} and peripheral
                 components in virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGAPP,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17--25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2537728.2537730",
  ISSN =         "1559-6915 (print), 1931-0161 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1559-6915",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 23 10:24:57 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigapp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2537728.2537730",
  abstract =     "Energy consumption of IT increased continuously during
                 the last decades. Numerous works have been accomplished
                 for improving energy efficiency of hardware whereas
                 software energy efficiency has been ignored for a long
                 time. This contribution presents a \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigapp",
}

@Article{vonKoch:2013:LRB,
  author =       "Tobias J. K. Edler von Koch and Bj{\"o}rn Franke",
  title =        "Limits of region-based dynamic binary
                 parallelization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "13--22",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451518",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Efficiently executing sequential legacy binaries on
                 chip multi-processors (CMPs) composed of many, small
                 cores is one of today's most pressing problems.
                 Single-threaded execution is a suboptimal option due to
                 CMPs' lower single-core performance, while
                 multi-threaded execution relies on prior
                 parallelization, which is severely hampered by the
                 low-level binary representation of applications
                 compiled and optimized for a single-core target. A
                 recent technology to address this problem is Dynamic
                 Binary Parallelization (DBP), which creates a Virtual
                 Execution Environment (VEE) taking advantage of the
                 underlying multicore host to transparently parallelize
                 the sequential binary executable. While still in its
                 infancy, DBP has received broad interest within the
                 research community. The combined use of DBP and
                 thread-level speculation (TLS) has been proposed as a
                 technique to accelerate legacy uniprocessor code on
                 modern CMPs. In this paper, we investigate the limits
                 of DBP and seek to gain an understanding of the factors
                 contributing to these limits and the costs and
                 overheads of its implementation. We have performed an
                 extensive evaluation using a parameterizable DBP system
                 targeting a CMP with light-weight architectural TLS
                 support. We demonstrate that there is room for a
                 significant reduction of up to 54\% in the number of
                 instructions on the critical paths of legacy SPEC
                 CPU2006 benchmarks. However, we show that it is much
                 harder to translate these savings into actual
                 performance improvements, with a realistic
                 hardware-supported implementation achieving a speedup
                 of 1.09 on average.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Wang:2013:JVM,
  author =       "Lin Wang and Fa Zhang and Athanasios V. Vasilakos and
                 Chenying Hou and Zhiyong Liu",
  title =        "Joint virtual machine assignment and traffic
                 engineering for green data center networks",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "107--112",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2567529.2567560",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 28 06:10:08 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The popularization of cloud computing brings emergency
                 concern to the energy consumption in big data centers.
                 Besides the servers, the energy consumed by the network
                 in a data center is also considerable. Existing works
                 for improving the network energy efficiency are mainly
                 focused on traffic engineering, i.e., consolidating
                 flows and switching off unnecessary devices, which
                 fails to comprehensively consider the unique features
                 in data centers. In this paper, we advocate a joint
                 optimization for achieving energy efficiency of data
                 center networks by proposing a unified optimization
                 framework. In this framework, we consider to take
                 advantage of the application characteristics and
                 topology features, and to integrate virtual machine
                 assignment and traffic engineering. Under this
                 framework, we then devise two efficient algorithms, TE
                 VMA and TER, for assigning virtual machines and routing
                 traffic flows respectively. Knowing the communication
                 patterns of the applications, the TE VMA algorithm is
                 purposeful and can generate desirable traffic
                 conditions for the next-step routing optimization. The
                 TER algorithm makes full use of the hierarchical
                 feature of the topology and is conducted on the
                 multipath routing protocol. The performance of the
                 overall framework is confirmed by both theoretical
                 analysis and simulation results, where up to 50\% total
                 energy savings can be achieved, 20\% more compared with
                 traffic engineering only approaches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Wang:2013:RMM,
  author =       "Xiaolin Wang and Lingmei Weng and Zhenlin Wang and
                 Yingwei Luo",
  title =        "Revisiting memory management on virtualized
                 environments",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "48:1--48:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2541228.2555304",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 9 10:42:35 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With the evolvement of hardware, 64-bit Central
                 Processing Units (CPUs) and 64-bit Operating Systems
                 (OSs) have dominated the market. This article
                 investigates the performance of virtual memory
                 management of Virtual Machines (VMs) with a large
                 virtual address space in 64-bit OSs, which imposes
                 different pressure on memory virtualization than 32-bit
                 systems. Each of the two conventional memory
                 virtualization approaches, Shadowing Paging (SP) and
                 Hardware-Assisted Paging (HAP), causes different
                 overhead for different applications. Our experiments
                 show that 64-bit applications prefer to run in a VM
                 using SP, while 32-bit applications do not have a
                 uniform preference between SP and HAP. In this article,
                 we trace this inconsistency between 32-bit applications
                 and 64-bit applications to its root cause through a
                 systematic empirical study in Linux systems and
                 discover that the major overhead of SP results from
                 memory management in the 32-bit GNU C library ( glibc
                 ). We propose enhancements to the existing memory
                 management algorithms, which substantially reduce the
                 overhead of SP. Based on the evaluations using SPEC
                 CPU2006, Parsec 2.1, and cloud benchmarks, our results
                 show that SP, with the improved memory allocators, can
                 compete with HAP in almost all cases, in both 64-bit
                 and 32-bit systems. We conclude that without a
                 significant breakthrough in HAP, researchers should pay
                 more attention to SP, which is more flexible and cost
                 effective.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "48",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Wang:2013:VPD,
  author =       "Di Wang and Chuangang Ren and Anand Sivasubramaniam",
  title =        "Virtualizing power distribution in datacenters",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "595--606",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2508148.2485973",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 06:58:55 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ICSA '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Power infrastructure contributes to a significant
                 portion of datacenter expenditures. Overbooking this
                 infrastructure for a high percentile of the needs is
                 becoming more attractive than for occasional peaks.
                 There exist several computing knobs to cap the power
                 draw within such under-provisioned capacity. Recently,
                 batteries and other energy storage devices have been
                 proposed to provide a complementary alternative to
                 these knobs, which when decentralized (or
                 hierarchically placed), can temporarily take the load
                 to suppress power peaks propagating up the hierarchy.
                 With aggressive under-provisioning, the power hierarchy
                 becomes as central a datacenter resource as other
                 computing resources, making it imperative to carefully
                 allocate, isolate and manage this resource (including
                 batteries), across applications. Towards this goal, we
                 present vPower, a software system to virtualize power
                 distribution. vPower includes mechanisms and policies
                 to provide a virtual power hierarchy for each
                 application. It leverages traditional computing knobs
                 as well as batteries, to apportion and manage the
                 infrastructure between co-existing applications in the
                 hierarchy. vPower allows applications to specify their
                 power needs, performs admission control and placement,
                 dynamically monitors power usage, and enforces
                 allocations for fairness and system efficiency. Using
                 several datacenter applications, and a 2-level power
                 hierarchy prototype containing batteries at both
                 levels, we demonstrate the effectiveness of vPower when
                 working in an under-provisioned power infrastructure,
                 using the right computing knobs and the right batteries
                 at the right time. Results show over 50\% improved
                 system utilization and scale-out for vPower's
                 over-booking, and between 12-28\% better application
                 performance than traditional power-capping control
                 knobs. It also ensures isolation between applications
                 competing for power.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@InProceedings{Wen:2013:MPA,
  author =       "Yuanfeng Wen and JongHyuk Lee and Ziyi Liu and Qingji
                 Zheng and Weidong Shi and Shouhuai Xu and Taeweon Suh",
  editor =       "Hubertus Franke",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on
                 Computing Frontiers, CF' 13, Ischia, Italy. 14--16 May
                 2013}",
  title =        "Multi-processor architectural support for protecting
                 virtual machine privacy in untrusted cloud
                 environment",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "25:1--25:10",
  year =         "2013",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2482767.2482799",
  ISBN =         "1-4503-2053-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4503-2053-5",
  LCCN =         "QA75.5",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 23 11:24:25 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2482799",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is fundamental to cloud computing
                 because it allows multiple operating systems to run
                 simultaneously on a physical machine. However, it also
                 brings a range of security/privacy problems. One
                 particularly challenging and important problem is: how
                 can we protect the Virtual Machines (VMs) from being
                 attacked by Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs) and/or by
                 the cloud vendors when they are not trusted? In this
                 paper, we propose an architectural solution to the
                 above problem in multi-processor cloud environments.
                 Our key idea is to exploit hardware mechanisms to
                 enforce access control over the shared resources (e.g.,
                 memory spaces), while protecting VM memory integrity as
                 well as inter-processor communications and data
                 sharing. We evaluate the solution using full-system
                 emulation and cycle-based architecture models.
                 Experiments based on 20 benchmark applications show
                 that the performance overhead is 1.5\%--10\% when
                 access control is enforced, and 9\%--19\% when VM
                 memory is encrypted.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weng:2013:HCM,
  author =       "Chuliang Weng and Minyi Guo and Yuan Luo and Minglu
                 Li",
  title =        "Hybrid {CPU} Management for Adapting to the Diversity
                 of Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1332--1344",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2012.80",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 17 15:07:53 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{White:2013:CTP,
  author =       "David R. White and Jeremy Singer and Jonathan M.
                 Aitken and Richard E. Jones",
  title =        "Control theory for principled heap sizing",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "27--38",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2555670.2466481",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 9 08:04:34 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ISMM '13 conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "We propose a new, principled approach to adaptive heap
                 sizing based on control theory. We review current
                 state-of-the-art heap sizing mechanisms, as deployed in
                 Jikes RVM and HotSpot. We then formulate heap sizing as
                 a control problem, apply and tune a standard controller
                 algorithm, and evaluate its performance on a set of
                 well-known benchmarks. We find our controller adapts
                 the heap size more responsively than existing
                 mechanisms. This responsiveness allows tighter virtual
                 machine memory footprints while preserving target
                 application throughput, which is ideal for both
                 embedded and utility computing domains. In short, we
                 argue that formal, systematic approaches to memory
                 management should be replacing ad-hoc heuristics as the
                 discipline matures. Control-theoretic heap sizing is
                 one such systematic approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Wu:2013:HSC,
  author =       "Youfeng Wu",
  title =        "{HW\slash SW} co-designed acceleration of dynamic
                 languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2499369.2465555",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 1 17:15:32 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Dynamic Programming Languages, such as Java,
                 JavaScript, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc., are
                 dominating languages for programming the web. HW/SW
                 co-designed virtual machine can significantly
                 accelerate their executions by transparently leveraging
                 internal HW features via an internal compiler. We also
                 argue for a common API to interface dynamic languages
                 with the HW/SW co-designed virtual machine, so that a
                 single internal compiler can accelerate all major
                 dynamic languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "GPCE '12 conference proceedings.",
}

@Book{Wunschiers:2013:CBP,
  author =       "R{\"o}bbe W{\"u}nschiers",
  title =        "Computational biology: a practical introduction to
                 biodata processing and analysis with {Linux}, {MySQL},
                 and {R}",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xxix + 449",
  year =         "2013",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34749-8",
  ISBN =         "3-642-34748-7, 3-642-34749-5 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-642-34748-1, 978-3-642-34749-8 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QH324.2 .W86 2013",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 10 08:57:23 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/s-plus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sqlbooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This greatly expanded 2nd edition provides a practical
                 introduction to --- data processing with Linux tools
                 and the programming languages AWK and Perl --- data
                 management with the relational database system MySQL,
                 and --- data analysis and visualization with the
                 statistical computing environment R for students and
                 practitioners in the life sciences. Although written
                 for beginners, experienced researchers in areas
                 involving bioinformatics and computational biology may
                 benefit from numerous tips and tricks that help to
                 process, filter and format large datasets. Learning by
                 doing is the basic concept of this book. Worked
                 examples illustrate how to employ data processing and
                 analysis techniques, e.g. for --- finding proteins
                 potentially causing pathogenicity in bacteria, ---
                 supporting the significance of BLAST with homology
                 modeling, or --- detecting candidate proteins that may
                 be redox-regulated, on the basis of their structure.
                 All the software tools and datasets used are freely
                 available. One section is devoted to explaining setup
                 and maintenance of Linux as an operating system
                 independent virtual machine. The author's experiences
                 and knowledge gained from working and teaching in both
                 academia and industry constitute the foundation for
                 this practical approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computational biology; Bioinformatics; Automatic Data
                 Processing; Bioinformatics; Computational biology",
  tableofcontents = "Whetting Your Appetite \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Content of This Book \\
                 Computer and Operating Systems \\
                 Unix/Linux \\
                 Working with Linux \\
                 The First Touch \\
                 Working with Files \\
                 Remote Connections \\
                 Playing with Text and Data Files \\
                 Using the Shell \\
                 Installing BLAST and ClustalW \\
                 Shell Programming \\
                 Regular Expressions \\
                 Sed \\
                 Programming \\
                 AWK \\
                 Perl \\
                 Other Programming Languages \\
                 Advanced Data Analysis \\
                 Relational Databases with MySQL \\
                 The Statistics Suite R \\
                 Worked Examples \\
                 Genomic Analysis of the Pathogenicity Factors from E.
                 coli Strain O157:H7 and EHEC Strain O104:H4 \\
                 Limits of BLAST and Homology Modeling \\
                 Virtual Sequencing of pUC18c \\
                 Querying for Potential Redox-Regulated Enzymes",
}

@Article{Xiao:2013:DRA,
  author =       "Zhen Xiao and Weijia Song and Qi Chen",
  title =        "Dynamic Resource Allocation Using Virtual Machines for
                 Cloud Computing Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1107--1117",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2012.283",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 1 08:02:21 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Xiao:2013:VMP,
  author =       "Peng Xiao and Zhigang Hu and Dongbo Liu and Guofeng
                 Yan and Xilong Qu",
  title =        "Virtual machine power measuring technique with bounded
                 error in cloud environments",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "818--828",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:44:34 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804512002494",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Xie:2013:AAE,
  author =       "Xinwei Xie and Jingling Xue and Jie Zhang",
  title =        "{Acculock}: accurate and efficient detection of data
                 races",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "543--576",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2121",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 27 13:41:04 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journalfinder.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software---Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "FastTrack; Java; Java Virtual Machine; JIKES; Jikes
                 Research Virtual Machine; RoadRunner",
  onlinedate =   "16 Apr 2012",
}

@Article{Yamada:2013:TFT,
  author =       "Hiroshi Yamada and Kenji Kono",
  title =        "Traveling forward in time to newer operating systems
                 using {ShadowReboot}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "121--130",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451536",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Operating system (OS) reboots are an essential part of
                 updating kernels and applications on laptops and
                 desktop PCs. Long downtime during OS reboots severely
                 disrupts users' computational activities. This long
                 disruption discourages the users from conducting OS
                 reboots, failing to enforce them to conduct software
                 updates. This paper presents ShadowReboot, a virtual
                 machine monitor (VMM)-based approach that shortens
                 downtime of OS reboots in software updates.
                 ShadowReboot conceals OS reboot activities from user's
                 applications by spawning a VM dedicated to an OS reboot
                 and systematically producing the rebooted state where
                 the updated kernel and applications are ready for use.
                 ShadowReboot provides an illusion to the users that the
                 guest OS travels forward in time to the rebooted state.
                 ShadowReboot offers the following advantages. It can be
                 used to apply patches to the kernels and even system
                 configuration updates. Next, it does not require any
                 special patch requiring detailed knowledge about the
                 target kernels. Lastly, it does not require any target
                 kernel modification. We implemented a prototype in
                 VirtualBox 4.0.10 OSE. Our experimental results show
                 that ShadowReboot successfully updated software on
                 unmodified commodity OS kernels and shortened the
                 downtime of commodity OS reboots on five Linux
                 distributions (Fedora, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Cent, and SUSE)
                 by 91 to 98\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Yang:2013:QSE,
  author =       "Yan Yang and Yulong Zhang and Alex Hai Wang and Meng
                 Yu and Wanyu Zang and Peng Liu and Sushil Jajodia",
  title =        "Quantitative survivability evaluation of three virtual
                 machine-based server architectures",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "781--790",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:44:34 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804512002536",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Yu:2013:OSI,
  author =       "Yulong Yu and Yuxin Wang and He Guo and Xubin He",
  title =        "Optimisation schemes to improve hybrid co-scheduling
                 for concurrent virtual machines",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PAR-EMER-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "46--66",
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2012.656309",
  ISSN =         "1744-5760 (print), 1744-5779 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1744-5760",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 22 12:03:23 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparemerdistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and
                 Distributed Systems: IJPEDS",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gpaa20",
}

@Article{Zaman:2013:CAB,
  author =       "Sharrukh Zaman and Daniel Grosu",
  title =        "Combinatorial auction-based allocation of virtual
                 machine instances in clouds",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "495--508",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2012.12.006",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 20 06:51:33 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731512002870",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Zamorano:2013:ART,
  author =       "Juan Zamorano and {'Angel} Esquinas and Juan A. de la
                 Puente",
  title =        "{Ada} real-time services and virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "128--133",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2492312.2492325",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 21 09:58:26 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigada.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization techniques have received increased
                 attention in the field of embedded real-time systems.
                 Such techniques provide a set of virtual machines that
                 run on a single hardware platform, thus allowing
                 several application programs to be executed as though
                 they were running on separate machines, with isolated
                 memory spaces and a fraction of the real processor time
                 available to each of them. This papers deals with some
                 problems that arise when implementing real-time systems
                 written in Ada on a virtual machine. The effects of
                 virtualization on the performance of the Ada real-time
                 services are analysed, and requirements for the
                 virtualization layer are derived. Virtual-machine time
                 services are also defined in order to properly support
                 Ada real-time applications. The implementation of the
                 ORK+ kernel on the XtratuM supervisor is used as an
                 example.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters",
}

@Article{Zhang:2013:ASD,
  author =       "Youhui Zhang and Yanhua Li and Weimin Zheng",
  title =        "Automatic software deployment using user-level
                 virtualization for cloud-computing",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "323--329",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.08.012",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 26 06:10:54 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11001518",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Zhou:2013:LPC,
  author =       "Ruijin Zhou and Tao Li",
  title =        "Leveraging phase change memory to achieve efficient
                 virtual machine execution",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "179--190",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451547",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Virtualization technology is being widely adopted by
                 servers and data centers in the cloud computing era to
                 improve resource utilization and energy efficiency.
                 Nevertheless, the heterogeneous memory demands from
                 multiple virtual machines (VM) make it more challenging
                 to design efficient memory systems. Even worse, mission
                 critical VM management activities (e.g. checkpointing)
                 could incur significant runtime overhead due to
                 intensive IO operations. In this paper, we propose to
                 leverage the adaptable and non-volatile features of the
                 emerging phase change memory (PCM) to achieve efficient
                 virtual machine execution. Towards this end, we exploit
                 VM-aware PCM management mechanisms, which (1) smartly
                 tune SLC/MLC page allocation within a single VM and
                 across different VMs and (2) keep critical
                 checkpointing pages in PCM to reduce I/O traffic.
                 Experimental results show that our single VM design
                 (IntraVM) improves performance by 10\% and 20\%
                 compared to pure SLC- and MLC- based systems. Further
                 incorporating VM-aware resource management schemes
                 (IntraVM+InterVM) increases system performance by 15\%.
                 In addition, our design saves 46\% of
                 checkpoint/restore duration and reduces 50\% of overall
                 IO penalty to the system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Zhou:2013:OVM,
  author =       "Ruijin Zhou and Fang Liu and Chao Li and Tao Li",
  title =        "Optimizing virtual machine live storage migration in
                 heterogeneous storage environment",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "73--84",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2517326.2451529",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 26 13:55:17 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "VEE '13 Conference proceedings.",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine (VM) live storage migration techniques
                 significantly increase the mobility and manageability
                 of virtual machines in the era of cloud computing. On
                 the other hand, as solid state drives (SSDs) become
                 increasingly popular in data centers, VM live storage
                 migration will inevitably encounter heterogeneous
                 storage environments. Nevertheless, conventional
                 migration mechanisms do not consider the speed
                 discrepancy and SSD's wear-out issue, which not only
                 causes significant performance degradation but also
                 shortens SSD's lifetime. This paper, for the first
                 time, addresses the efficiency of VM live storage
                 migration in heterogeneous storage environments from a
                 multi-dimensional perspective, i.e., user experience,
                 device wearing, and manageability. We derive a flexible
                 metric (migration cost), which captures various design
                 preference. Based on that, we propose and prototype
                 three new storage migration strategies, namely: (1) Low
                 Redundancy (LR), which generates the least amount of
                 redundant writes; (2) Source-based Low Redundancy
                 (SLR), which keeps the balance between IO performance
                 and write redundancy; and (3) Asynchronous IO
                 Mirroring, which seeks the highest IO performance. The
                 evaluation of our prototyped system shows that our
                 techniques outperform existing live storage migration
                 by a significant margin. Furthermore, by adaptively
                 mixing our proposed schemes, the cost of massive VM
                 live storage migration can be even lower than that of
                 only using the best of individual mechanism.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
}

@Article{Adams:2014:HVM,
  author =       "Keith Adams and Jason Evans and Bertrand Maher and
                 Guilherme Ottoni and Andrew Paroski and Brett Simmers
                 and Edwin Smith and Owen Yamauchi",
  title =        "The {HipHop Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "777--790",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2714064.2660199",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The HipHop Virtual Machine (HHVM) is a JIT compiler
                 and runtime for PHP. While PHP values are dynamically
                 typed, real programs often have latent types that are
                 useful for optimization once discovered. Some types can
                 be proven through static analysis, but limitations in
                 the ahead-of-time approach leave some types to be
                 discovered at run time. And even though many values
                 have latent types, PHP programs can also contain
                 polymorphic variables and expressions, which must be
                 handled without catastrophic slowdown. HHVM discovers
                 latent types by structuring its JIT around the concept
                 of a tracelet. A tracelet is approximately a basic
                 block specialized for a particular set of run-time
                 types for its input values. Tracelets allow HHVM to
                 exactly and efficiently learn the types observed by the
                 program, while using a simple compiler. This paper
                 shows that this approach enables HHVM to achieve high
                 levels of performance, without sacrificing
                 compatibility or interactivity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Amit:2014:VMS,
  author =       "Nadav Amit and Dan Tsafrir and Assaf Schuster",
  title =        "{VSwapper}: a memory swapper for virtualized
                 environments",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "349--366",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2654822.2541969",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 18 17:12:47 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The number of guest virtual machines that can be
                 consolidated on one physical host is typically limited
                 by the memory size, motivating memory overcommitment.
                 Guests are given a choice to either install a
                 ``balloon'' driver to coordinate the overcommitment
                 activity, or to experience degraded performance due to
                 uncooperative swapping. Ballooning, however, is not a
                 complete solution, as hosts must still fall back on
                 uncooperative swapping in various circumstances.
                 Additionally, ballooning takes time to accommodate
                 change, and so guests might experience degraded
                 performance under changing conditions. Our goal is to
                 improve the performance of hosts when they fall back on
                 uncooperative swapping and/or operate under changing
                 load conditions. We carefully isolate and characterize
                 the causes for the associated poor performance, which
                 include various types of superfluous swap operations,
                 decayed swap file sequentiality, and ineffective
                 prefetch decisions upon page faults. We address these
                 problems by implementing VSwapper, a guest-agnostic
                 memory swapper for virtual environments that allows
                 efficient, uncooperative overcommitment. With inactive
                 ballooning, VSwapper yields up to an order of magnitude
                 performance improvement. Combined with ballooning,
                 VSwapper can achieve up to double the performance under
                 changing load conditions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2014:ASS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{AMD64 Simics Simulator} version 1",
  howpublished = "Web site.",
  year =         "2014",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 17:38:45 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.windriver.com/simics/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:2014:AVM,
  author =       "Xiao-feng Li and Jiu-tao Nie and Ligang Wang",
  title =        "Advanced Virtual Machine Design and Implementation",
  publisher =    pub-CRC,
  address =      pub-CRC:adr,
  pages =        "300 (est.)",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "1-4665-8260-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4665-8260-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 08:19:21 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2014:BIE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Bochs IA-32} Emulator",
  howpublished = "Web site.",
  year =         "2014",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 17:36:48 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://bochs.sourceforge.net/",
  abstract =     "Bochs is a highly portable open source IA-32 (x86) PC
                 emulator written in C++, that runs on most popular
                 platforms. It includes emulation of the Intel x86 CPU,
                 common I/O devices, and a custom BIOS. Bochs can be
                 compiled to emulate many different x86 CPUs, from early
                 386 to the most recent x86-64 Intel and AMD processors
                 which may even not reached the market yet. Bochs is
                 capable of running most Operating Systems inside the
                 emulation including Linux, DOS or Microsoft Windows.
                 Bochs was originally written by Kevin Lawton and is
                 currently maintained by this project.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2014:LVA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The libvirt virtualization {API}",
  howpublished = "Web site.",
  year =         "2014",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 25 14:36:09 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://libvirt.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The FAQ link at top level provides great detail about
                 libvirt, with its admirable goals of controlling
                 multiple virtual machines, and hypervisors, with a
                 common software layer.",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2014:O,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{oVirt}",
  howpublished = "Web site.",
  year =         "2014",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 26 07:21:09 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ovirt.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From the About oVirt link: ``If you are familiar with
                 VMware products, it is conceptually similar to vSphere.
                 oVirt serves as the bedrock for Red Hat's Enterprise
                 Virtualization product, and is the `upstream' project
                 where new features are developed in advance of their
                 inclusion in that supported product offering.''",
}

@Article{Araujo:2014:SAE,
  author =       "Jean Araujo and Rubens Matos and Vandi Alves and Paulo
                 Maciel and F. Vieira de Souza and Rivalino {Matias,
                 Jr.} and Kishor S. Trivedi",
  title =        "Software aging in the {Eucalyptus} cloud computing
                 infrastructure: Characterization and rejuvenation",
  journal =      j-JETC,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2539122",
  ISSN =         "1550-4832",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4832",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 14 19:15:04 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jetc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jetc.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The need for high reliability, availability and
                 performance has significantly increased in modern
                 applications, that handle rapidly growing demands while
                 providing uninterruptible services. Cloud computing
                 systems fundamentally provide access to large pools of
                 data and computational resources. Eucalyptus is a
                 software framework largely used to implement private
                 clouds and hybrid-style Infrastructure as a Service. It
                 implements the Amazon Web Service (AWS) API, allowing
                 interoperability with other AWS-based services. This
                 article investigates the software aging effects in the
                 Eucalyptus framework, considering workloads composed of
                 intensive requests for remote storage attachment and
                 virtual machine instantiations. We found problems that
                 may be harmful to system dependability and performance,
                 specifically regarding to RAM memory and swap space
                 exhaustion, besides highly excessive CPU utilization by
                 the virtual machines. We also present an approach that
                 applies time series analysis to schedule rejuvenation,
                 so as to reduce the downtime by predicting the proper
                 moment to perform the rejuvenation. We experimentally
                 evaluate our approach using an Eucalyptus test bed. The
                 results show that our approach achieves higher
                 availability, when compared to a threshold-triggered
                 rejuvenation method based on continuous monitoring of
                 resources utilization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing
                 Systems (JETC)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J967",
}

@Article{Arya:2014:TRG,
  author =       "Kapil Arya and Yury Baskakov and Alex Garthwaite",
  title =        "Tesseract: reconciling guest {I/O} and hypervisor
                 swapping in a {VM}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "15--28",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576198",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Double-paging is an often-cited, if unsubstantiated,
                 problem in multi-level scheduling of memory between
                 virtual machines (VMs) and the hypervisor. This problem
                 occurs when both a virtualized guest and the hypervisor
                 overcommit their respective physical address-spaces.
                 When the guest pages out memory previously swapped out
                 by the hypervisor, it initiates an expensive sequence
                 of steps causing the contents to be read in from the
                 hypervisor swapfile only to be written out again,
                 significantly lengthening the time to complete the
                 guest I/O request. As a result, performance rapidly
                 drops. We present Tesseract, a system that directly and
                 transparently addresses the double-paging problem.
                 Tesseract tracks when guest and hypervisor I/O
                 operations are redundant and modifies these I/Os to
                 create indirections to existing disk blocks containing
                 the page contents. Although our focus is on reconciling
                 I/Os between the guest disks and hypervisor swap, our
                 technique is general and can reconcile, or deduplicate,
                 I/Os for guest pages read or written by the VM.
                 Deduplication of disk blocks for file contents accessed
                 in a common manner is well-understood. One challenge
                 that our approach faces is that the locality of guest
                 I/Os (reflecting the guest's notion of disk layout)
                 often differs from that of the blocks in the hypervisor
                 swap. This loss of locality through indirection results
                 in significant performance loss on subsequent guest
                 reads. We propose two alternatives to recovering this
                 lost locality, each based on the idea of asynchronously
                 reorganizing the indirected blocks in persistent
                 storage. We evaluate our system and show that it can
                 significantly reduce the costs of double-paging. We
                 focus our experiments on a synthetic benchmark designed
                 to highlight its effects. In our experiments we observe
                 Tesseract can improve our benchmark's throughput by as
                 much as 200\% when using traditional disks and by as
                 much as 30\% when using SSD. At the same time worst
                 case application responsiveness can be improved by a
                 factor of 5.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Atif:2014:APA,
  author =       "Muhammad Atif and Peter Strazdins",
  title =        "Adaptive parallel application resource remapping
                 through the live migration of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "148--161",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 08:14:41 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13001428",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Bartolini:2014:AFG,
  author =       "Davide B. Bartolini and Filippo Sironi and Donatella
                 Sciuto and Marco D. Santambrogio",
  title =        "Automated Fine-Grained {CPU} Provisioning for Virtual
                 Machines",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27:1--27:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2637480",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 27 17:02:20 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Ideally, the pay-as-you-go model of Infrastructure as
                 a Service (IaaS) clouds should enable users to rent
                 just enough resources (e.g., CPU or memory bandwidth)
                 to fulfill their service level objectives (SLOs).
                 Achieving this goal is hard on current IaaS offers,
                 which require users to explicitly specify the amount of
                 resources to reserve; this requirement is nontrivial
                 for users, because estimating the amount of resources
                 needed to attain application-level SLOs is often
                 complex, especially when resources are virtualized and
                 the service provider colocates virtual machines (VMs)
                 on host nodes. For this reason, users who deploy VMs
                 subject to SLOs are usually prone to overprovisioning
                 resources, thus resulting in inflated business costs.
                 This article tackles this issue with AutoPro: a runtime
                 system that enhances IaaS clouds with automated and
                 fine-grained resource provisioning based on performance
                 SLOs. Our main contribution with AutoPro is filling the
                 gap between application-level performance SLOs and
                 allocation of a contended resource, without requiring
                 explicit reservations from users. In this article, we
                 focus on CPU bandwidth allocation to throughput-driven,
                 compute-intensive multithreaded applications colocated
                 on a multicore processor; we show that a theoretically
                 sound, yet simple, control strategy can enable
                 automated fine-grained allocation of this contended
                 resource, without the need for offline profiling.
                 Additionally, AutoPro helps service providers optimize
                 infrastructure utilization by provisioning idle
                 resources to best-effort workloads, so as to maximize
                 node-level utilization. Our extensive experimental
                 evaluation confirms that AutoPro is able to
                 automatically determine and enforce allocations to meet
                 performance SLOs while maximizing node-level
                 utilization by supporting batch workloads on a
                 best-effort basis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "27",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Bell:2014:PID,
  author =       "Jonathan Bell and Gail Kaiser",
  title =        "{Phosphor}: illuminating dynamic data flow in
                 commodity {JVMs}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "83--101",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2714064.2660212",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Dynamic taint analysis is a well-known information
                 flow analysis problem with many possible applications.
                 Taint tracking allows for analysis of application data
                 flow by assigning labels to data, and then propagating
                 those labels through data flow. Taint tracking systems
                 traditionally compromise among performance, precision,
                 soundness, and portability. Performance can be
                 critical, as these systems are often intended to be
                 deployed to production environments, and hence must
                 have low overhead. To be deployed in security-conscious
                 settings, taint tracking must also be sound and
                 precise. Dynamic taint tracking must be portable in
                 order to be easily deployed and adopted for real world
                 purposes, without requiring recompilation of the
                 operating system or language interpreter, and without
                 requiring access to application source code. We present
                 Phosphor, a dynamic taint tracking system for the Java
                 Virtual Machine (JVM) that simultaneously achieves our
                 goals of performance, soundness, precision, and
                 portability. Moreover, to our knowledge, it is the
                 first portable general purpose taint tracking system
                 for the JVM. We evaluated Phosphor 's performance on
                 two commonly used JVM languages (Java and Scala), on
                 two successive revisions of two commonly used JVMs
                 (Oracle's HotSpot and OpenJDK's IcedTea) and on
                 Android's Dalvik Virtual Machine, finding its
                 performance to be impressive: as low as 3\% (53\% on
                 average; 220\% at worst) using the DaCapo macro
                 benchmark suite. This paper describes our approach
                 toward achieving portable taint tracking in the JVM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Bienkowski:2014:WAV,
  author =       "Marcin Bienkowski and Anja Feldmann and Johannes
                 Grassler and Gregor Schaffrath and Stefan Schmid",
  title =        "The Wide-Area Virtual Service Migration Problem: a
                 Competitive Analysis Approach",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "165--178",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2013.2245676",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 4 18:22:52 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Today's trend toward network virtualization and
                 software-defined networking enables flexible new
                 distributed systems where resources can be dynamically
                 allocated and migrated to locations where they are most
                 useful. This paper proposes a competitive analysis
                 approach to design and reason about online algorithms
                 that find a good tradeoff between the benefits and
                 costs of a migratable service. A competitive online
                 algorithm provides worst-case performance guarantees
                 under any demand dynamics, and without any information
                 or statistical assumptions on the demand in the future.
                 This is attractive especially in scenarios where the
                 demand is hard to predict and can be subject to
                 unexpected events. As a case study, we describe a
                 service (e.g., an SAP server or a gaming application)
                 that uses network virtualization to improve the quality
                 of service (QoS) experienced by thin client
                 applications running on mobile devices. By decoupling
                 the service from the underlying resource
                 infrastructure, it can be migrated closer to the
                 current client locations while taking into account
                 migration costs. We identify the major cost factors in
                 such a system and formalize the wide-area service
                 migration problem. Our main contributions are a
                 randomized and a deterministic online algorithm that
                 achieve a competitive ratio of $ O(\log {n}) $ in a
                 simplified scenario, where $n$ is the size of the
                 substrate network. This is almost optimal. We
                 complement our worst-case analysis with simulations in
                 different specific scenarios and also sketch a
                 migration demonstrator.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Biswas:2014:DES,
  author =       "Swarnendu Biswas and Jipeng Huang and Aritra Sengupta
                 and Michael D. Bond",
  title =        "{DoubleChecker}: efficient sound and precise atomicity
                 checking",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "28--39",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2666356.2594323",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:38:28 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Atomicity is a key correctness property that allows
                 programmers to reason about code regions in isolation.
                 However, programs often fail to enforce atomicity
                 correctly, leading to atomicity violations that are
                 difficult to detect. Dynamic program analysis can
                 detect atomicity violations based on an atomicity
                 specification, but existing approaches slow programs
                 substantially. This paper presents DoubleChecker, a
                 novel sound and precise atomicity checker whose key
                 insight lies in its use of two new cooperating dynamic
                 analyses. Its imprecise analysis tracks cross-thread
                 dependences soundly but imprecisely with significantly
                 better performance than a fully precise analysis. Its
                 precise analysis is more expensive but only needs to
                 process a subset of the execution identified as
                 potentially involved in atomicity violations by the
                 imprecise analysis. If DoubleChecker operates in
                 single-run mode, the two analyses execute in the same
                 program run, which guarantees soundness and precision
                 but requires logging program accesses to pass from the
                 imprecise to the precise analysis. In multi-run mode,
                 the first program run executes only the imprecise
                 analysis, and a second run executes both analyses.
                 Multi-run mode trades accuracy for performance; each
                 run of multi-run mode outperforms single-run mode, but
                 can potentially miss violations. We have implemented
                 DoubleChecker and an existing state-of-the-art
                 atomicity checker called Velodrome in a
                 high-performance Java virtual machine. DoubleChecker's
                 single-run mode significantly outperforms Velodrome,
                 while still providing full soundness and precision.
                 DoubleChecker's multi-run mode improves performance
                 further, without significantly impacting soundness in
                 practice. These results suggest that DoubleChecker's
                 approach is a promising direction for improving the
                 performance of dynamic atomicity checking over prior
                 work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  received =     "PLDI '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Bourguiba:2014:INV,
  author =       "Manel Bourguiba and Kamel Haddadou and Ines {El Korbi}
                 and Guy Pujolle",
  title =        "Improving Network {I/O} Virtualization for Cloud
                 Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "673--681",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2013.29",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 25 07:12:16 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Burtsev:2014:WSL,
  author =       "Anton Burtsev and Nikhil Mishrikoti and Eric Eide and
                 Robert Ricci",
  title =        "{Weir}: a streaming language for performance
                 analysis",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--70",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2626401.2626415",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 12:22:23 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigops.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "For modern software systems, performance analysis can
                 be a challenging task. The software stack can be a
                 complex, multi-layer, multi-component, concurrent, and
                 parallel environment with multiple contexts of
                 execution and multiple sources of performance data.
                 Although much performance data is available, because
                 modern systems incorporate many mature data-collection
                 mechanisms, analysis algorithms suffer from the lack of
                 a unifying programming environment for processing the
                 collected performance data, potentially from multiple
                 sources, in a convenient and script-like manner. This
                 paper presents Weir, a streaming language for systems
                 performance analysis. Weir is based on the insight that
                 performance-analysis algorithms can be naturally
                 expressed as stream-processing pipelines. In Weir, an
                 analysis algorithm is implemented as a graph composed
                 of stages, where each stage operates on a stream of
                 events that represent collected performance
                 measurements. Weir is an imperative streaming language
                 with a syntax designed for the convenient construction
                 of stream pipelines that utilize composable and
                 reusable analysis stages. To demonstrate practical
                 application, this paper presents the authors'
                 experience in using Weir to analyze performance in
                 systems based on the Xen virtualization platform.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Canali:2014:DSV,
  author =       "Claudia Canali and Riccardo Lancellotti",
  title =        "Detecting similarities in virtual machine behavior for
                 cloud monitoring using smoothed histograms",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2757--2769",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 18 08:45:37 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731514000343",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315/",
}

@Article{Cao:2014:EAH,
  author =       "Zhibo Cao and Shoubin Dong",
  title =        "An energy-aware heuristic framework for virtual
                 machine consolidation in {Cloud} computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "429--451",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1172-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 06:45:04 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=69&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-014-1172-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Book{Cardoso:2014:SCR,
  author =       "Edvaldo Alessandro Cardoso",
  title =        "{System Center 2012 R2} virtual machine manager
                 cookbook: over 70 recipes to help you design,
                 configure, and manage a reliable and efficient virtual
                 infrastructure with {VMM 2012 R2}",
  publisher =    "Packt Publishing",
  address =      "Birmingham, UK",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "428",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "1-78217-684-5, 1-78217-685-3 (ebook)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-78217-684-8, 978-1-78217-685-5 (ebook)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.C69",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 07:49:18 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Quick answers to common problems",
  URL =          "http://proquest.tech.safaribooksonline.de/9781782176848",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Microsoft System center; Gestion de configurations;
                 Syst{\`e}mes virtuels (Informatique); Infonuagique",
}

@Article{Chang:2014:EMV,
  author =       "Chao-Jui Chang and Jan-Jan Wu and Wei-Chung Hsu and
                 Pangfeng Liu and Pen-Chung Yew",
  title =        "Efficient memory virtualization for {Cross-ISA} system
                 mode emulation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "117--128",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576201",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Cross-ISA system-mode emulation has many important
                 applications. For example, Cross-ISA system-mode
                 emulation helps computer architects and OS developers
                 trace and debug kernel execution-flow efficiently by
                 emulating a slower platform (such as ARM) on a more
                 powerful plat-form (such as an x86 machine). Cross-ISA
                 system-mode emulation also enables workload
                 consolidation in data centers with platforms of
                 different instruction-set architectures (ISAs).
                 However, system-mode emulation is much slower. One
                 major overhead in system-mode emulation is the
                 multi-level memory address translation that maps guest
                 virtual address to host physical address. Shadow page
                 tables (SPT) have been used to reduce such overheads,
                 but primarily for same-ISA virtualization. In this
                 paper we propose a novel approach called embedded
                 shadow page tables (ESPT). EPST embeds a shadow page
                 table into the address space of a cross-ISA dynamic
                 binary translation (DBT) and uses hardware memory
                 management unit in the CPU to translate memory
                 addresses, instead of software translation in a current
                 DBT emulator like QEMU. We also use the larger address
                 space on modern 64-bit CPUs to accommodate our DBT
                 emulator so that it will not interfere with the guest
                 operating system. We incorporate our new scheme into
                 QEMU, a popular, retargetable cross-ISA system
                 emulator. SPEC CINT2006 benchmark results indicate that
                 our technique achieves an average speedup of 1.51 times
                 in system mode when emulating ARM on x86, and a 1.59
                 times speedup for emulating IA32 on x86_64.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Chen:2014:CCB,
  author =       "Licheng Chen and Zhipeng Wei and Zehan Cui and Mingyu
                 Chen and Haiyang Pan and Yungang Bao",
  title =        "{CMD}: classification-based memory deduplication
                 through page access characteristics",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "65--76",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576204",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Limited main memory size is considered as one of the
                 major bottlenecks in virtualization environments.
                 Content-Based Page Sharing (CBPS) is an efficient
                 memory deduplication technique to reduce server memory
                 requirements, in which pages with same content are
                 detected and shared into a single copy. As the widely
                 used implementation of CBPS, Kernel Samepage Merging
                 (KSM) maintains the whole memory pages into two global
                 comparison trees (a stable tree and an unstable tree).
                 To detect page sharing opportunities, each tracked page
                 needs to be compared with pages already in these two
                 large global trees. However since the vast majority of
                 compared pages have different content with it, that
                 will induce massive futility comparisons and thus heavy
                 overhead. In this paper, we propose a lightweight page
                 Classification-based Memory Deduplication approach
                 named CMD to reduce futile page comparison overhead
                 meanwhile to detect page sharing opportunities
                 efficiently. The main innovation of CMD is that pages
                 are grouped into different classifications based on
                 page access characteristics. Pages with similar access
                 characteristics are suggested to have higher
                 possibility with same content, thus they are grouped
                 into the same classification. In CMD, the large global
                 comparison trees are divided into multiple small trees
                 with dedicated local ones in each page classification.
                 Page comparisons are performed just in the same
                 classification, and pages from different
                 classifications are never compared (since they probably
                 result in futile comparisons). The experimental results
                 show that CMD can efficiently reduce page comparisons
                 (by about 68.5\%) meanwhile detect nearly the same (by
                 more than 98\%) or even more page sharing
                 opportunities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Chen:2014:HBA,
  author =       "Songqing Chen and Lei Liu and Xinyuan Wang and Xinwen
                 Zhang and Zhao Zhang",
  title =        "A Host-Based Approach for Unknown Fast-Spreading Worm
                 Detection and Containment",
  journal =      j-TAAS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21:1--21:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2555615",
  ISSN =         "1556-4665 (print), 1556-4703 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-4665",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 13 06:39:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The fast-spreading worm, which immediately propagates
                 itself after a successful infection, is becoming one of
                 the most serious threats to today's networked
                 information systems. In this article, we present
                 WormTerminator, a host-based solution for fast Internet
                 worm detection and containment with the assistance of
                 virtual machine techniques based on the fast-worm
                 defining characteristic. In WormTerminator, a virtual
                 machine cloning the host OS runs in parallel to the
                 host OS. Thus, the virtual machine has the same set of
                 vulnerabilities as the host. Any outgoing traffic from
                 the host is diverted through the virtual machine. If
                 the outgoing traffic from the host is for fast worm
                 propagation, the virtual machine should be infected and
                 will exhibit worm propagation pattern very quickly
                 because a fast-spreading worm will start to propagate
                 as soon as it successfully infects a host. To prove the
                 concept, we have implemented a prototype of
                 WormTerminator and have examined its effectiveness
                 against the real Internet worm Linux/Slapper. Our
                 empirical results confirm that WormTerminator is able
                 to completely contain worm propagation in real-time
                 without blocking any non-worm traffic. The major
                 performance cost of WormTerminator is a one-time delay
                 to the start of each outgoing normal connection for
                 worm detection. To reduce the performance overhead,
                 caching is utilized, through which WormTerminator will
                 delay no more than 6\% normal outgoing traffic for such
                 detection on average.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "21",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems
                 (TAAS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1010",
}

@Article{Chiueh:2014:SFI,
  author =       "Tzi-cker Chiueh and Xin Wang and Zhiyong Shan",
  title =        "{Shuttle}: Facilitating Inter-Application Interactions
                 for {OS}-Level Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1220--1233",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2012.297",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 25 08:24:32 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Clifford:2014:AFB,
  author =       "Daniel Clifford and Hannes Payer and Michael
                 Starzinger and Ben L. Titzer",
  title =        "Allocation folding based on dominance",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "15--24",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775049.2602994",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Memory management system performance is of increasing
                 importance in today's managed languages. Two lingering
                 sources of overhead are the direct costs of memory
                 allocations and write barriers. This paper introduces
                 it allocation folding, an optimization technique where
                 the virtual machine automatically folds multiple memory
                 allocation operations in optimized code together into a
                 single, larger it allocation group. An allocation group
                 comprises multiple objects and requires just a single
                 bounds check in a bump-pointer style allocation, rather
                 than a check for each individual object. More
                 importantly, all objects allocated in a single
                 allocation group are guaranteed to be contiguous after
                 allocation and thus exist in the same generation, which
                 makes it possible to statically remove write barriers
                 for reference stores involving objects in the same
                 allocation group. Unlike object inlining, object
                 fusing, and object colocation, allocation folding
                 requires no special connectivity or ownership relation
                 between the objects in an allocation group. We present
                 our analysis algorithm to determine when it is safe to
                 fold allocations together and discuss our
                 implementation in V8, an open-source, production
                 JavaScript virtual machine. We present performance
                 results for the Octane and Kraken benchmark suites and
                 show that allocation folding is a strong performance
                 improvement, even in the presence of some heap
                 fragmentation. Additionally, we use four hand-selected
                 benchmarks JPEGEncoder, NBody, Soft3D, and Textwriter
                 where allocation folding has a large impact.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Dall:2014:KAD,
  author =       "Christoffer Dall and Jason Nieh",
  title =        "{KVM\slash ARM}: the design and implementation of the
                 {Linux ARM} hypervisor",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "333--348",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2654822.2541946",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 18 17:12:47 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As ARM CPUs become increasingly common in mobile
                 devices and servers, there is a growing demand for
                 providing the benefits of virtualization for ARM-based
                 devices. We present our experiences building the Linux
                 ARM hypervisor, KVM/ARM, the first full system ARM
                 virtualization solution that can run unmodified guest
                 operating systems on ARM multicore hardware. KVM/ARM
                 introduces split-mode virtualization, allowing a
                 hypervisor to split its execution across CPU modes and
                 be integrated into the Linux kernel. This allows
                 KVM/ARM to leverage existing Linux hardware support and
                 functionality to simplify hypervisor development and
                 maintainability while utilizing recent ARM hardware
                 virtualization extensions to run virtual machines with
                 comparable performance to native execution. KVM/ARM has
                 been successfully merged into the mainline Linux
                 kernel, ensuring that it will gain wide adoption as the
                 virtualization platform of choice for ARM. We provide
                 the first measurements on real hardware of a complete
                 hypervisor using ARM hardware virtualization support.
                 Our results demonstrate that KVM/ARM has modest
                 virtualization performance and power costs, and can
                 achieve lower performance and power costs compared to
                 x86-based Linux virtualization on multicore hardware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Dargie:2014:PCE,
  author =       "Waltenegus Dargie and Alexander Schill and Christoph
                 Mobius",
  title =        "Power Consumption Estimation Models for Processors,
                 Virtual Machines, and Servers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1600--1614",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2013.183",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 25 07:12:16 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Dillon:2014:VHN,
  author =       "Marion Dillon and Timothy Winters",
  title =        "Virtualization of Home Network Gateways",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "62--65",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2014.338",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 13 11:56:31 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2014/11/mco2014110062-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2014/11/mco2014110062-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/computer",
}

@Article{Feuser:2014:DOP,
  author =       "Johannes Feuser and Jan Peleska",
  title =        "Dependability in open proof software with hardware
                 virtualization --- {The} railway control systems
                 perspective",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "91 (part B)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "188--215",
  day =          "1",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 16 11:32:54 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642313002001",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423/",
}

@Book{Fitzhugh:2014:VVM,
  author =       "Rebecca Fitzhugh",
  title =        "{vSphere} virtual machine management: create {vSphere}
                 virtual machines, manage performance, and explore
                 advanced capabilities",
  publisher =    "Packt Publishing",
  address =      "Birmingham, UK",
  pages =        "vi + 307",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "1-78217-218-1, 1-78217-219-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-78217-218-5, 978-1-78217-219-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 F58 2014",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 07:46:46 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Professional expertise distilled",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "VMware vSphere; Virtual computer systems",
}

@Article{Frincu:2014:ESV,
  author =       "Marc E. Frincu and St{\'e}phane Genaud and Julien
                 Gossa",
  title =        "On the efficiency of several {VM} provisioning
                 strategies for workflows with multi-threaded tasks on
                 clouds",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1059--1086",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-014-0410-0",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 11 07:42:25 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0010-485X&volume=96&issue=11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-014-0410-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Garg:2014:SBV,
  author =       "Saurabh Kumar Garg and Adel Nadjaran Toosi and
                 Srinivasa K. Gopalaiyengar and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "{SLA}-based virtual machine management for
                 heterogeneous workloads in a cloud datacenter",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "108--120",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:45:10 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804514001787",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Guan:2014:HHV,
  author =       "Haibing Guan",
  title =        "{HYVI}: A {HYbrid VIrtualization} Solution Balancing
                 Performance and Manageability",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2332--2341",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 12 13:58:32 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2014/09/06605688-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2014/09/06605688-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Guyer:2014:UJT,
  author =       "Samuel Z. Guyer",
  title =        "Use of the {JVM} at {Twitter}: a bird's eye view",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1--1",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775049.2619208",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Specialties: 15+ years of virtual machine
                 implementation experience with special focus on memory
                 management / garbage collection. Close to 20 years of
                 C/C++ experience. 15+ years of Java experience. Expert
                 in concurrent/parallel programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{He:2014:DRC,
  author =       "Ligang He and Deqing Zou and Zhang Zhang and Chao Chen
                 and Hai Jin and Stephen A. Jarvis",
  title =        "Developing resource consolidation frameworks for
                 moldable virtual machines in clouds",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "69--81",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 27 18:39:15 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X12001112",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Hizver:2014:RTD,
  author =       "Jennia Hizver and Tzi-cker Chiueh",
  title =        "Real-time deep virtual machine introspection and its
                 applications",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "3--14",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576196",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) provides the
                 ability to monitor virtual machines (VM) in an
                 agentless fashion by gathering VM execution states from
                 the hypervisor and analyzing those states to extract
                 information about a running operating system (OS)
                 without installing an agent inside the VM. VMI's main
                 challenge lies in the difficulty in converting
                 low-level byte string values into high-level semantic
                 states of the monitored VM's OS. In this work, we
                 tackle this challenge by developing a real-time kernel
                 data structure monitoring (RTKDSM) system that
                 leverages the rich OS analysis capabilities of
                 Volatility, an open source computer forensics
                 framework, to significantly simplify and automate
                 analysis of VM execution states. The RTKDSM system is
                 designed as an extensible software framework that is
                 meant to be extended to perform application-specific VM
                 state analysis. In addition, the RTKDSM system is able
                 to perform real-time monitoring of any changes made to
                 the extracted OS states of guest VMs. This real-time
                 monitoring capability is especially important for
                 VMI-based security applications. To minimize the
                 performance overhead associated with real-time kernel
                 data structure monitoring, the RTKDSM system has
                 incorporated several optimizations whose effectiveness
                 is reported in this paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Horie:2014:SDJ,
  author =       "Michihiro Horie and Kazunori Ogata and Kiyokuni
                 Kawachiya and Tamiya Onodera",
  title =        "String deduplication for {Java}-based middleware in
                 virtualized environments",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "177--188",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576210",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To increase the memory efficiency in physical servers
                 is a significant concern for increasing the number of
                 virtual machines (VM) in them. When similar web
                 application service runs in each guest VM, many string
                 data with the same values are created in every guest
                 VMs. These duplications of string data are redundant
                 from the viewpoint of memory efficiency in the host OS.
                 This paper proposes two approaches to reduce the
                 duplication in Java string in a single Java VM (JVM)
                 and across JVMs. The first approach is to share string
                 objects cross JVMs by using a read-only memory-mapped
                 file. The other approach is to selectively unify string
                 objects created at runtime in the web applications.
                 This paper evaluates our approach by using the Apache
                 DayTrader and the DaCapo benchmark suite. Our prototype
                 implementation achieved 7\% to 12\% reduction in the
                 total size of the objects allocated over the lifetime
                 of the programs. In addition, we observed the
                 performance of DayTrader was maintained even under a
                 situation of high density guest VMs in a KVM host
                 machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Hurlburt:2014:BBC,
  author =       "G. F. Hurlburt and I. Bojanova",
  title =        "{Bitcoin}: Benefit or Curse?",
  journal =      j-IT-PRO,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10--15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IPMAFM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2014.28",
  ISSN =         "1520-9202 (print), 1941-045x (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1520-9202",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 30 15:24:52 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "{IT} Professional",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6294",
  keywords =     "bitcoin crypto-currency model; bitcoin technology;
                 cloud; cryptocurrency; Cryptography; Data mining;
                 financial data processing; foreign exchange trading;
                 information technology; Internet of Anything; Internet
                 of Things; Internet/Web technologies; Market research;
                 mobile; mobile commerce; Mobile communication; mobile
                 devices; Online banking; virtual currency;
                 Virtualization",
}

@Article{Hwang:2014:MFG,
  author =       "Jinho Hwang and Ahsen Uppal and Timothy Wood and Howie
                 Huang",
  title =        "{Mortar}: filling the gaps in data center memory",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "53--64",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576203",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Data center servers are typically overprovisioned,
                 leaving spare memory and CPU capacity idle to handle
                 unpredictable workload bursts by the virtual machines
                 running on them. While this allows for fast hotspot
                 mitigation, it is also wasteful. Unfortunately, making
                 use of spare capacity without impacting active
                 applications is particularly difficult for memory since
                 it typically must be allocated in coarse chunks over
                 long timescales. In this work we propose repurposing
                 the poorly utilized memory in a data center to store a
                 volatile data store that is managed by the hypervisor.
                 We present two uses for our Mortar framework: as a
                 cache for prefetching disk blocks, and as an
                 application-level distributed cache that follows the
                 memcached protocol. Both prototypes use the framework
                 to ask the hypervisor to store useful, but recoverable
                 data within its free memory pool. This allows the
                 hypervisor to control eviction policies and prioritize
                 access to the cache. We demonstrate the benefits of our
                 prototypes using realistic web applications and disk
                 benchmarks, as well as memory traces gathered from live
                 servers in our university's IT department. By expanding
                 and contracting the data store size based on the free
                 memory available, Mortar improves average response time
                 of a web application by up to 35\% compared to a fixed
                 size memcached deployment, and improves overall video
                 streaming performance by 45\% through prefetching.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Iancu:2014:CPV,
  author =       "Costin Iancu",
  title =        "The Case for Partitioning Virtual Machines on
                 Multicore Architectures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2683--2696",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 12 13:58:32 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2014/10/06613989-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2014/10/06613989-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Jin:2014:MLM,
  author =       "Hai Jin and Li Deng and Song Wu and Xuanhua Shi and
                 Hanhua Chen and Xiaodong Pan",
  title =        "{MECOM}: Live migration of virtual machines by
                 adaptively compressing memory pages",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "23--35",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 16 12:24:59 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13002100",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Johnson:2014:CML,
  author =       "David Johnson and Mike Hibler and Eric Eric",
  title =        "Composable multi-level debugging with {Stackdb}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "213--226",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576212",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine introspection (VMI) allows users to
                 debug software that executes within a virtual machine.
                 To support rich, whole-system analyses, a VMI tool must
                 inspect and control systems at multiple levels of the
                 software stack. Traditional debuggers enable inspection
                 and control, but they limit users to treating a whole
                 system as just one kind of target: e.g., just a kernel,
                 or just a process, but not both. We created Stackdb, a
                 debugging library with VMI support that allows one to
                 monitor and control a whole system through multiple,
                 coordinated targets. A target corresponds to a
                 particular level of the system's software stack;
                 multiple targets allow a user to observe a VM guest at
                 several levels of abstraction simultaneously. For
                 example, with Stackdb, one can observe a PHP script
                 running in a Linux process in a Xen VM via three
                 coordinated targets at the language, process, and
                 kernel levels. Within Stackdb, higher-level targets are
                 components that utilize lower-level targets; a key
                 contribution of Stackdb is its API that supports
                 multi-level and flexible ``stacks'' of targets. This
                 paper describes the challenges we faced in creating
                 Stackdb, presents the solutions we devised, and
                 evaluates Stackdb through its application to a
                 security-focused, whole-system case study.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kalibera:2014:FAS,
  author =       "Tomas Kalibera and Petr Maj and Floreal Morandat and
                 Jan Vitek",
  title =        "A fast abstract syntax tree interpreter for {R}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "89--102",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576205",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/s-plus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Dynamic languages have been gaining popularity to the
                 point that their performance is starting to matter. The
                 effort required to develop a production-quality,
                 high-performance runtime is, however, staggering and
                 the expertise required to do so is often out of reach
                 of the community maintaining a particular language.
                 Many domain specific languages remain stuck with naive
                 implementations, as they are easy to write and simple
                 to maintain for domain scientists. In this paper, we
                 try to see how far one can push a naive implementation
                 while remaining portable and not requiring expertise in
                 compilers and runtime systems. We choose the R
                 language, a dynamic language used in statistics, as the
                 target of our experiment and adopt the simplest
                 possible implementation strategy, one based on
                 evaluation of abstract syntax trees. We build our
                 interpreter on top of a Java virtual machine and use
                 only facilities available to all Java programmers. We
                 compare our results to other implementations of R.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kang:2014:HSA,
  author =       "Chih-Kai Kang and Yu-Jhang Cai and Chin-Hsien Wu and
                 Pi-Cheng Hsiu",
  title =        "A Hybrid Storage Access Framework for High-Performance
                 Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "5s",
  pages =        "157:1--157:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2660493",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 6 16:07:59 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In recent years, advances in virtualization technology
                 have enabled multiple virtual machines to run on a
                 physical machine, such that each virtual machine can
                 perform independently with its own operating system.
                 The IT industry has adopted virtualization technology
                 because of its ability to improve hardware resource
                 utilization, achieve low-power consumption, support
                 concurrent applications, simplify device management,
                 and reduce maintenance costs. However, because of the
                 hardware limitation of storage devices, the I/O
                 capacity could cause performance bottlenecks. To
                 address the problem, we propose a hybrid storage access
                 framework that exploits solid-state drives (SSDs) to
                 improve the I/O performance in a virtualization
                 environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "157",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J840",
}

@Article{Kedlaya:2014:DDL,
  author =       "Madhukar N. Kedlaya and Behnam Robatmili and Cglin
                 Cascaval and Ben Hardekopf",
  title =        "Deoptimization for dynamic language {JITs} on typed,
                 stack-based virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "103--114",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576209",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We are interested in implementing dynamic language
                 runtimes on top of language-level virtual machines.
                 Type specialization is a critical optimization for
                 dynamic language runtimes: generic code that handles
                 any type of data is replaced with specialized code for
                 particular types observed during execution. However,
                 types can change, and the runtime must recover whenever
                 unexpected types are encountered. The state-of-the-art
                 recovery mechanism is called deoptimization.
                 Deoptimization is a well-known technique for dynamic
                 language runtimes implemented in low-level languages
                 like C. However, no dynamic language runtime
                 implemented on top of a virtual machine such as the
                 Common Language Runtime (CLR) or the Java Virtual
                 Machine (JVM) uses deoptimization, because the
                 implementation thereof used in low-level languages is
                 not possible. In this paper we propose a novel
                 technique that enables deoptimization for dynamic
                 language runtimes implemented on top of typed,
                 stack-based virtual machines. Our technique does not
                 require any changes to the underlying virtual machine.
                 We implement our proposed technique in a JavaScript
                 language implementation, MCJS, running on top of the
                 Mono runtime (CLR). We evaluate our implementation
                 against the current state-of-the-art recovery mechanism
                 for virtual machine-based runtimes, as implemented both
                 in MCJS and in IronJS. We show that deoptimization
                 provides significant performance benefits, even for
                 runtimes running on top of a virtual machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kertesz:2014:ISA,
  author =       "A. Kertesz and G. Kecskemeti and I. Brandic",
  title =        "An interoperable and self-adaptive approach for
                 {SLA}-based service virtualization in heterogeneous
                 {Cloud} environments",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "54--68",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 27 18:39:15 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X12001124",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Kessaci:2014:MSL,
  author =       "Yacine Kessaci and Nouredine Melab and El-Ghazali
                 Talbi",
  title =        "A multi-start local search heuristic for an energy
                 efficient {VMs} assignment on top of the {OpenNebula}
                 cloud manager",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "237--256",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 28 15:56:06 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13001520",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Kim:2014:ECS,
  author =       "Nakku Kim and Jungwook Cho and Euiseong Seo",
  title =        "Energy-credit scheduler: an energy-aware virtual
                 machine scheduler for cloud systems",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "128--137",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 27 18:39:15 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1200115X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Kim:2014:VAM,
  author =       "Hwanju Kim and Sangwook Kim and Jinkyu Jeong and
                 Joonwon Lee",
  title =        "Virtual asymmetric multiprocessor for interactive
                 performance of consolidated desktops",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "29--40",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576199",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents virtual asymmetric multiprocessor,
                 a new scheme of virtual desktop scheduling on
                 multi-core processors for user-interactive performance.
                 The proposed scheme enables virtual CPUs to be
                 dynamically performance-asymmetric based on their
                 hosted workloads. To enhance user experience on
                 consolidated desktops, our scheme provides interactive
                 workloads with fast virtual CPUs, which have more
                 computing power than those hosting background workloads
                 in the same virtual machine. To this end, we devise a
                 hypervisor extension that transparently classifies
                 background tasks from potentially interactive
                 workloads. In addition, we introduce a guest extension
                 that manipulates the scheduling policy of an operating
                 system in favor of our hypervisor-level scheme so that
                 interactive performance can be further improved. Our
                 evaluation shows that the proposed scheme significantly
                 improves interactive performance of application launch,
                 Web browsing, and video playback applications when
                 CPU-intensive workloads highly disturb the interactive
                 workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kim:2014:VPT,
  author =       "Daehoon Kim and Hwanju Kim and Jaehyuk Huh",
  title =        "{vCache}: Providing a Transparent View of the {LLC} in
                 Virtualized Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "109--112",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/L-CA.2013.20",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Since most of the current multi-core processors use a
                 large last-level cache (LLC), efficient use of an LLC
                 is critical for the overall performance of multi-cores.
                 To improve the caching efficiency, page coloring is a
                 representative software-based approach to allow the OS
                 to control placement of pages on an LLC to improve
                 their cache utility and to avoid conflicts among cores.
                 However, system virtualization, with additional address
                 translation by the hypervisor, can make page coloring
                 techniques used by the guest OS ineffective, as guest
                 physical addresses used by the guest OS for coloring
                 differ from real addresses used for cache indexing in
                 the LLCs. In this paper, we propose a novel LLC
                 architecture to provide the guest OS with a flexible
                 control over LLC placement in virtualized systems. The
                 proposed vCache architecture can preserve coloring
                 information set by the guest OS. In addition to color
                 preservation, vCache can potentially eliminate the
                 traditional limitation of page coloring, the cost of
                 dynamic color changes for memory pages. By using the
                 pollute buffer mechanism, one of the color-based cache
                 optimization techniques, vCache shows performance
                 improvement of benchmark applications up to 33\%
                 without degrading the performance of another co-running
                 application in the VM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Kim, D (Reprint Author), Korea Adv Inst Sci \&
                 Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Taejon, South Korea. Kim,
                 Daehoon; Kim, Hwanju; Huh, Jaehyuk, Korea Adv Inst Sci
                 \& Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Taejon, South Korea.",
  author-email = "daehoon@calab.kaist.ac.kr hjukim@calab.kaist.ac.kr
                 jhuh@calab.kaist.ac.kr",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "AX5PM",
  eissn =        "1556-6064",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  funding-acknowledgement = "SW Computing R\&D Program of
                 KEIT(UX-oriented Mobile SW Platform) --- Ministry of
                 Trade, Industry, and Energy [2011-10041313]",
  funding-text = "This research was supported by the SW Computing R\&D
                 Program of KEIT(2011-10041313, UX-oriented Mobile SW
                 Platform) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry,
                 and Energy.",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "Cache partitioning; Page coloring; Virtualization",
  number-of-cited-references = "8",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  researcherid-numbers = "Huh, Jaehyuk/C-1716-2011",
  times-cited =  "2",
  unique-id =    "Kim:2014:VPT",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Kong:2014:SGE,
  author =       "Fanxin Kong and Xue Liu",
  title =        "A Survey on Green-Energy-Aware Power Management for
                 Datacenters",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2642708",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 15 15:22:35 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Megawatt-scale datacenters have emerged to meet the
                 increasing demand for IT applications and services. The
                 hunger for power brings large electricity bills to
                 datacenter operators and causes significant impacts to
                 the environment. To reduce costs and environmental
                 impacts, modern datacenters, such as those of Google
                 and Apple, are beginning to integrate renewable or
                 green energy sources into their power supply. This
                 article investigates the green-energy-aware power
                 management problem for these datacenters and surveys
                 and classifies works that explicitly consider renewable
                 energy and/or carbon emission. Our aim is to give a
                 full view of this problem. Hence, we first provide some
                 basic knowledge on datacenters (including datacenter
                 components, power infrastructure, power load
                 estimation, and energy sources' operations), the
                 electrical grid (including dynamic pricing, power
                 outages, and emission factor), and the carbon market
                 (including cap-and-trade and carbon tax). Then, we
                 categorize existing research works according to their
                 basic approaches used, including workload scheduling,
                 virtual machine management, and energy capacity
                 planning. Each category's discussion includes the
                 description of the shared core idea, qualitative
                 analysis, and quantitative analysis among works of this
                 category.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Kumar:2014:DLB,
  author =       "Narander Kumar and Shalini Agarwal and Taskeen Zaidi
                 and Vipin Saxena",
  title =        "A Distributed Load-balancing Scheme Based on a Complex
                 Network Model of Cloud Servers",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1--6",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674632.2674639",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:16:36 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Efficient management of resources in a federation of
                 interacting computing servers and devices, for example,
                 in a cloud computing environment, requires a
                 load-balancing system that is self-regulatory and
                 oblivious in nature. Due to the increasing size of data
                 centers and their distribution across the globe,
                 centralized load-balancing approaches suffer
                 significant deficiencies in terms of communication
                 overhead caused by the need to collect state dependent
                 information. The technology of the cloud in its current
                 state runs as many as 200 virtual machines on a single
                 server, which clearly shows the importance of studying
                 distributed load-balancing systems in the cloud. In the
                 present paper, the federation of cloud servers is
                 modeled as a complex network. In a complex network the
                 structure and dynamics of the underlying system are
                 encoded in the network topology itself. A method using
                 random walks on complex networks for discovering free
                 resources in a Cloud Server Network is given. The given
                 method is used to balance the overall load on the
                 network by equalising loads on overloaded and
                 underloaded nodes without the need of a global load
                 balancer. Simulation results are obtained through
                 Network Simulator Version 2, which show that the
                 proposed load-balancing scheme performs well for a
                 large network by uniformly distributing the workload
                 among the servers in polynomial time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Lee:2014:GSB,
  author =       "Hwamin Lee and Doosoon Park",
  title =        "A {Grid} Service-Based Virtual Screening System",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "302--307",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxt015",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 3 17:03:04 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/2.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/2/302.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "February 18, 2013",
}

@Article{Li:2014:LSD,
  author =       "Keqin Li",
  title =        "{Liquid}: A Scalable Deduplication File System for
                 Virtual Machine Images",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1257--1266",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2013.173",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 25 07:12:16 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Li:2014:MHD,
  author =       "Pengcheng Li and Chen Ding and Hao Luo",
  title =        "Modeling heap data growth using average liveness",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "71--82",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775049.2602997",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Most of today's programs make use of a sizable heap to
                 store dynamic data. To characterize the heap dynamics,
                 this paper presents a set of metrics to measure the
                 average amount of data live and dead in a period of
                 execution. They are collectively called average
                 liveness. The paper defines these metrics of average
                 liveness, gives linear-time algorithms for measurement,
                 and discusses their use in finding the best heap size.
                 The algorithms are implemented in a Java tracing system
                 called Elephant Tracks and evaluated using the Dacapo
                 benchmarks running on the Oracle HotSpot and IBM J9
                 Java virtual machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Li:2014:SCA,
  author =       "Peng Li and Debin Gao and Michael K. Reiter",
  title =        "{StopWatch}: a Cloud Architecture for Timing Channel
                 Mitigation",
  journal =      j-TISSEC,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ATISBQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2670940",
  ISSN =         "1094-9224 (print), 1557-7406 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-9224",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 19 12:26:42 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tissec.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents StopWatch, a system that defends
                 against timing-based side-channel attacks that arise
                 from coresidency of victims and attackers in
                 infrastructure-as-a-service clouds. StopWatch
                 triplicates each cloud-resident guest virtual machine
                 (VM) and places replicas so that the three replicas of
                 a guest VM are coresident with nonoverlapping sets of
                 (replicas of) other VMs. StopWatch uses the timing of
                 I/O events at a VM's replicas collectively to determine
                 the timings observed by each one or by an external
                 observer, so that observable timing behaviors are
                 similarly likely in the absence of any other
                 individual, coresident VMs. We detail the design and
                 implementation of StopWatch in Xen, evaluate the
                 factors that influence its performance, demonstrate its
                 advantages relative to alternative defenses against
                 timing side channels with commodity hardware, and
                 address the problem of placing VM replicas in a cloud
                 under the constraints of StopWatch so as to still
                 enable adequate cloud utilization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Information and System Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J789",
}

@Article{Li:2014:USI,
  author =       "Yusen Li and Wentong Cai",
  title =        "Update schedules for improving consistency in
                 multi-server distributed virtual environments",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "263--273",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:45:00 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804514000083",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Li:2014:VSK,
  author =       "Ye Li and Richard West and Eric Missimer",
  title =        "A virtualized separation kernel for mixed criticality
                 systems",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "201--212",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576206",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Multi- and many-core processors are becoming
                 increasingly popular in embedded systems. Many of these
                 processors now feature hardware virtualization
                 capabilities, such as the ARM Cortex A15, and x86
                 processors with Intel VT-x or AMD-V support. Hardware
                 virtualization offers opportunities to partition
                 physical resources, including processor cores, memory
                 and I/O devices amongst guest virtual machines. Mixed
                 criticality systems and services can then co-exist on
                 the same platform in separate virtual machines.
                 However, traditional virtual machine systems are too
                 expensive because of the costs of trapping into
                 hypervisors to multiplex and manage machine physical
                 resources on behalf of separate guests. For example,
                 hypervisors are needed to schedule separate VMs on
                 physical processor cores. In this paper, we discuss the
                 design of the Quest-V separation kernel, which
                 partitions services of different criticalities in
                 separate virtual machines, or sandboxes. Each sandbox
                 encapsulates a subset of machine physical resources
                 that it manages without requiring intervention of a
                 hypervisor. Moreover, a hypervisor is not needed for
                 normal operation, except to bootstrap the system and
                 establish communication channels between sandboxes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Lin:2014:IQA,
  author =       "Jenn-Wei Lin and Chien-Hung Chen and Chi-Yi Lin",
  title =        "Integrating {QoS} awareness with virtualization in
                 cloud computing systems for delay-sensitive
                 applications",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "478--487",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 08:14:41 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13002987",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Book{Lindholm:2014:JVM,
  author =       "Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin and Gilad Bracha and
                 Alex Buckley",
  title =        "The {Java} Virtual Machine Specification: {Java SE 8}
                 edition",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW,
  pages =        "xvi + 584",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "0-13-390590-X (paperback), 0-13-392274-X (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-390590-8 (paperback), 978-0-13-392274-5
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 L56 2014",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 07:34:57 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "Written by the inventors of the technology, this is
                 the definitive technical reference for the Java Virtual
                 Machine. The book provides complete, accurate, and
                 detailed coverage of the Java Virtual Machine. It fully
                 describes the new features added in Java SE 8,
                 including the invocation of default methods and the
                 class file extensions for type annotations and method
                 parameters. The book also clarifies the interpretation
                 of class file attributes and the rules of bytecode
                 verification.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language)",
  tableofcontents = "1 Introduction / 1 \\
                 1.1 A Bit of History / 1 \\
                 1.2 The Java Virtual Machine / 2 \\
                 1.3 Organization of the Specification / 3 \\
                 1.4 Notation / 4 \\
                 1.5 Feedback / 4 \\
                 \\
                 2 The Structure of the Java Virtual Machine / 5 \\
                 2.1 The class File Format / 5 \\
                 2.2 Data Types / 6 \\
                 2.3 Primitive Types and Values / 6 \\
                 2.3.1 Integral Types and Values / 7 \\
                 2.3.2 Floating-Point Types, Value Sets, and Values / 8
                 \\
                 2.3.3 The returnAddress Type and Values / 10 \\
                 2.3.4 The boolean Type / 10 \\
                 2.4 Reference Types and Values / 11 \\
                 2.5 Run-Time Data Areas / 11 \\
                 2.5.1 The pc Register / 12 \\
                 2.5.2 Java Virtual Machine Stacks / 12 \\
                 2.5.3 Heap / 13 \\
                 2.5.4 Method Area / 13 \\
                 2.5.5 Run-Time Constant Pool / 14 \\
                 2.5.6 Native Method Stacks / 14 \\
                 2.6 Frames / 15 \\
                 2.6.1 Local Variables / 16 \\
                 2.6.2 Operand Stacks / 17 \\
                 2.6.3 Dynamic Linking / 18 \\
                 2.6.4 Normal Method Invocation Completion / 18 \\
                 2.6.5 Abrupt Method Invocation Completion / 18 \\
                 2.7 Representation of Objects / 19 \\
                 2.8 Floating-Point Arithmetic / 19 \\
                 2.8.1 Java Virtual Machine Floating-Point Arithmetic
                 and IEEE 754 / 19 \\
                 2.8.2 Floating-Point Modes / 20 \\
                 2.8.3 Value Set Conversion / 20 \\
                 2.9 Special Methods / 22 \\
                 2.10 Exceptions / 23 \\
                 2.11 Instruction Set Summary / 25 \\
                 2.11.1 Types and the Java Virtual Machine / 26 \\
                 2.11.2 Load and Store Instructions / 29 \\
                 2.11.3 Arithmetic Instructions / 30 \\
                 2.11.4 Type Conversion Instructions / 32 \\
                 2.11.5 Object Creation and Manipulation / 34 \\
                 2.11.6 Operand Stack Management Instructions / 34 \\
                 2.11.7 Control Transfer Instructions / 34 \\
                 2.11.8 Method Invocation and Return Instructions / 35
                 \\
                 2.11.9 Throwing Exceptions / 36 \\
                 2.11.10 Synchronization / 36 \\
                 2.12 Class Libraries / 37 \\
                 2.13 Public Design, Private Implementation / 37 \\
                 \\
                 3 Compiling for the Java Virtual Machine / 39 \\
                 3.1 Format of Examples / 39 \\
                 3.2 Use of Constants, Local Variables, and Control
                 Constructs / 40 \\
                 3.3 Arithmetic / 45 \\
                 3.4 Accessing the Run-Time Constant Pool / 46 \\
                 3.5 More Control Examples / 47 \\
                 3.6 Receiving Arguments / 50 \\
                 3.7 Invoking Methods / 51 \\
                 3.8 Working with Class Instances / 53 \\
                 3.9 Arrays / 55 \\
                 3.10 Compiling Switches / 57 \\
                 3.11 Operations on the Operand Stack / 59 \\
                 3.12 Throwing and Handling Exceptions / 60 \\
                 3.13 Compiling finally / 63 \\
                 3.14 Synchronization / 66 \\
                 3.15 Annotations / 67 \\
                 \\
                 4 The class File Format / 69 \\
                 4.1 The ClassFile Structure / 70 \\
                 4.2 The Internal Form of Names / 74 \\
                 4.2.1 Binary Class and Interface Names / 74 \\
                 4.2.2 Unqualified Names / 75 \\
                 4.3 Descriptors / 75 \\
                 4.3.1 Grammar Notation / 75 \\
                 4.3.2 Field Descriptors / 76 \\
                 4.3.3 Method Descriptors / 77 \\
                 4.4 The Constant Pool / 78 \\
                 4.4.1 The CONSTANT_Class_info Structure / 79 \\
                 4.4.2 The CONSTANT_Fieldref_info,
                 CONSTANT_Methodref_info, and
                 CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info Structures / 80 \\
                 4.4.3 The CONSTANT_String_info Structure / 81 \\
                 4.4.4 The CONSTANT_Integer_info and CONSTANT_Float_info
                 Structures / 82 \\
                 4.4.5 The CONSTANT_Long_info and CONSTANT_Double_info
                 Structures / 83 \\
                 4.4.6 The CONSTANT_NameAndType_info Structure / 85 \\
                 4.4.7 The CONSTANT_Utf8_info Structure / 85 \\
                 4.4.8 The CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info Structure / 87 \\
                 4.4.9 The CONSTANT_MethodType_info Structure / 89 \\
                 4.4.10 The CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info Structure / 89
                 \\
                 4.5 Fields / 90 \\
                 4.6 Methods / 92 \\
                 4.7 Attributes / 95 \\
                 4.7.1 Defining and Naming New Attributes / 101 \\
                 4.7.2 The ConstantValue Attribute / 101 \\
                 4.7.3 The Code Attribute / 102 \\
                 4.7.4 The StackMapTable Attribute / 106 \\
                 4.7.5 The Exceptions Attribute / 113 \\
                 4.7.6 The InnerClasses Attribute / 114 \\
                 4.7.7 The EnclosingMethod Attribute / 116 \\
                 4.7.8 The Synthetic Attribute / 118 \\
                 4.7.9 The Signature Attribute / 118 \\
                 4.7.9.1 Signatures / 119 \\
                 4.7.10 The SourceFile Attribute / 123 \\
                 4.7.11 The SourceDebugExtension Attribute / 124 \\
                 4.7.12 The LineNumberTable Attribute / 124 \\
                 4.7.13 The LocalVariableTable Attribute / 126 \\
                 4.7.14 The LocalVariableTypeTable Attribute / 128 \\
                 4.7.15 The Deprecated Attribute / 129 \\
                 4.7.16 The RuntimeVisibleAnnotations Attribute / 130
                 \\
                 4.7.16.1 The element_value structure / 132 \\
                 4.7.17 The RuntimeInvisibleAnnotations Attribute / 135
                 \\
                 4.7.18 The RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations Attribute
                 / 136 \\
                 4.7.19 The RuntimeInvisibleParameterAnnotations
                 Attribute / 137 \\
                 4.7.20 The RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations Attribute /
                 139 \\
                 4.7.20.1 The target_info union / 144 \\
                 4.7.20.2 The type_path structure / 148 \\
                 4.7.21 The RuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations Attribute /
                 152 \\
                 4.7.22 The AnnotationDefault Attribute / 153 \\
                 4.7.23 The BootstrapMethods Attribute / 154 \\
                 4.7.24 The MethodParameters Attribute / 156 \\
                 4.8 Format Checking / 158 \\
                 4.9 Constraints on Java Virtual Machine Code / 159 \\
                 4.9.1 Static Constraints / 159 \\
                 4.9.2 Structural Constraints / 163 \\
                 4.10 Verification of class Files / 166 \\
                 4.10.1 Verification by Type Checking / 167 \\
                 4.10.1.1 Accessors for Java Virtual Machine Artifacts /
                 169 \\
                 4.10.1.2 Verification Type System / 173 \\
                 4.10.1.3 Instruction Representation / 177 \\
                 4.10.1.4 Stack Map Frame Representation / 178 \\
                 4.10.1.5 Type Checking Abstract and Native Methods /
                 184 \\
                 4.10.1.6 Type Checking Methods with Code / 187 \\
                 4.10.1.7 Type Checking Load and Store Instructions /
                 194 \\
                 4.10.1.8 Type Checking for protected Members / 196 \\
                 4.10.1.9 Type Checking Instructions / 199 \\
                 4.10.2 Verification by Type Inference / 319 \\
                 4.10.2.1 The Process of Verification by Type Inference
                 / 319 \\
                 4.10.2.2 The Bytecode Verifier / 319 \\
                 4.10.2.3 Values of Types long and double / 323 \\
                 4.10.2.4 Instance Initialization Methods and Newly
                 Created Objects / 323 \\
                 4.10.2.5 Exceptions and finally / 325 \\
                 4.11 Limitations of the Java Virtual Machine / 327 \\
                 \\
                 5 Loading, Linking, and Initializing / 329 \\
                 5.1 The Run-Time Constant Pool / 329 \\
                 5.2 Java Virtual Machine Startup / 332 \\
                 5.3 Creation and Loading / 332 \\
                 5.3.1 Loading Using the Bootstrap Class Loader / 334
                 \\
                 5.3.2 Loading Using a User-defined Class Loader / 335
                 \\
                 5.3.3 Creating Array Classes / 336 \\
                 5.3.4 Loading Constraints / 336 \\
                 5.3.5 Deriving a Class from a class File Representation
                 / 338 \\
                 5.4 Linking / 339 \\
                 5.4.1 Verification / 340 \\
                 5.4.2 Preparation / 340 \\
                 5.4.3 Resolution / 341 \\
                 5.4.3.1 Class and Interface Resolution / 342 \\
                 5.4.3.2 Field Resolution / 343 \\
                 5.4.3.3 Method Resolution / 344 \\
                 5.4.3.4 Interface Method Resolution / 346 \\
                 5.4.3.5 Method Type and Method Handle Resolution / 347
                 \\
                 5.4.3.6 Call Site Specifier Resolution / 350 \\
                 5.4.4 Access Control / 351 \\
                 5.4.5 Overriding / 352 \\
                 5.5 Initialization / 352 \\
                 5.6 Binding Native Method Implementations / 355 \\
                 5.7 Java Virtual Machine Exit / 355 \\
                 \\
                 6 The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set / 357 \\
                 6.1 Assumptions: The Meaning of ``Must'' / 357 \\
                 6.2 Reserved Opcodes / 358 \\
                 6.3 Virtual Machine Errors / 358 \\
                 6.4 Format of Instruction Descriptions / 359 \\
                 mnemonic / 360 \\
                 6.5 Instructions / 362 \\
                 aaload / 363 \\
                 aastore / 364 \\
                 aconst_null / 366 \\
                 aload / 367 \\
                 aload_<n> / 368 \\
                 anewarray / 369 \\
                 areturn / 370 \\
                 arraylength / 371 \\
                 astore / 372 \\
                 astore_<n> / 373 \\
                 athrow / 374 \\
                 baload / 376 \\
                 bastore / 377 \\
                 bipush / 378 \\
                 caload / 379 \\
                 castore / 380 \\
                 checkcast / 381 \\
                 d2f / 383 \\
                 d2i / 384 \\
                 d2l / 385 \\
                 dadd / 386 \\
                 daload / 388 \\
                 dastore / 389 \\
                 dcmp<op> / 390 \\
                 dconst_<d> / 392 \\
                 ddiv / 393 \\
                 dload / 395 \\
                 dload_<n> / 396 \\
                 dmul / 397 \\
                 dneg / 399 \\
                 drem / 400 \\
                 dreturn / 402 \\
                 dstore / 403 \\
                 dstore_<n> / 404 \\
                 dsub / 405 \\
                 dup / 406 \\
                 dup_x1 / 407 \\
                 dup_x2 / 408 \\
                 dup2 / 409 \\
                 dup2_x1 / 410 \\
                 dup2_x2 / 411 \\
                 f2d / 413 \\
                 f2i / 414 \\
                 f2l / 415 \\
                 fadd / 416 \\
                 faload / 418 \\
                 fastore / 419 \\
                 fcmp<op> / 420 \\
                 fconst_<f> / 422 \\
                 fdiv / 423 \\
                 fload / 425 \\
                 fload_<n> / 426 \\
                 fmul / 427 \\
                 fneg / 429 \\
                 frem / 430 \\
                 freturn / 432 \\
                 fstore / 433 \\
                 fstore_<n> / 434 \\
                 fsub / 435 \\
                 getfield / 436 \\
                 getstatic / 438 \\
                 goto / 440 \\
                 goto_w / 441 \\
                 i2b / 442 \\
                 i2c / 443 \\
                 i2d / 444 \\
                 i2f / 445 \\
                 i2l / 446 \\
                 i2s / 447 \\
                 iadd / 448 \\
                 iaload / 449 \\
                 iand / 450 \\
                 iastore / 451 \\
                 iconst_<i> / 452 \\
                 idiv / 453 \\
                 if_acmp<cond> / 454 \\
                 if_icmp<cond> / 455 \\
                 if<cond> / 457 \\
                 ifnonnull / 459 \\
                 ifnull / 460 \\
                 iinc / 461 \\
                 iload / 462 \\
                 iload_<n> / 463 \\
                 imul / 464 \\
                 ineg / 465 \\
                 instanceof / 466 \\
                 invokedynamic / 468 \\
                 invokeinterface / 473 \\
                 invokespecial / 477 \\
                 invokestatic / 481 \\
                 invokevirtual / 484 \\
                 ior / 489 \\
                 irem / 490 \\
                 ireturn / 491 \\
                 ishl / 492 \\
                 ishr / 493 \\
                 istore / 494 \\
                 istore_<n> / 495 \\
                 isub / 496 \\
                 iushr / 497 \\
                 ixor / 498 \\
                 jsr / 499 \\
                 jsr_w / 500 \\
                 l2d / 501 \\
                 l2f / 502 \\
                 l2i / 503 \\
                 ladd / 504 \\
                 laload / 505 \\
                 land / 506 \\
                 lastore / 507 \\
                 lcmp / 508 \\
                 lconst_<l> / 509 \\
                 ldc / 510 \\
                 ldc_w / 512 \\
                 ldc2_w / 514 \\
                 ldiv / 515 \\
                 lload / 516 \\
                 lload_<n> / 517 \\
                 lmul / 518 \\
                 lneg / 519 \\
                 lookupswitch / 520 \\
                 lor / 522 \\
                 lrem / 523 \\
                 lreturn / 524 \\
                 lshl / 525 \\
                 lshr / 526 \\
                 lstore / 527 \\
                 lstore_<n> / 528 \\
                 lsub / 529 \\
                 lushr / 530 \\
                 lxor / 531 \\
                 monitorenter / 532 \\
                 monitorexit / 534 \\
                 multianewarray / 536 \\
                 new / 538 \\
                 newarray / 540 \\
                 nop / 542 \\
                 pop / 543 \\
                 pop2 / 544 \\
                 putfield / 545 \\
                 putstatic / 547 \\
                 ret / 549 \\
                 return / 550 \\
                 saload / 551 \\
                 sastore / 552 \\
                 sipush / 553 \\
                 swap / 554 \\
                 tableswitch / 555 \\
                 wide / 557 \\
                 \\
                 7 Opcode Mnemonics by Opcode / 559 \\
                 Index / 563 \\
                 \\
                 A Limited License Grant / 581",
}

@Article{Liu:2014:MGR,
  author =       "Ning Liu and Xiaoping Li and Weiming Shen",
  title =        "Multi-granularity resource virtualization and sharing
                 strategies in cloud manufacturing",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "72--82",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:45:13 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804514001933",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Liu:2014:OVM,
  author =       "Ming Liu and Tao Li",
  title =        "Optimizing virtual machine consolidation performance
                 on {NUMA} server architecture for cloud workloads",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "325--336",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2678373.2665720",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 3 16:18:50 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Server virtualization and workload consolidation
                 enable multiple workloads to share a single physical
                 server, resulting in significant energy savings and
                 utilization improvements. The shift of physical server
                 architectures to NUMA and the increasing popularity of
                 scale-out cloud applications undermine workload
                 consolidation efficiency and result in overall system
                 degradation. In this work, we characterize the
                 consolidation of cloud workloads on NUMA virtualized
                 systems, estimate four different sources of
                 architecture overhead, and explore optimization
                 opportunities beyond the default NUMA-aware hypervisor
                 memory management Motivated by the observed
                 architectural impact on cloud workload consolidation
                 performance, we propose three optimization techniques
                 incorporating NUMA access overhead into the
                 hypervisor's virtual machine memory allocation and page
                 fault handling routines. Among these, estimation of the
                 memory zone access overhead serves as a foundation for
                 the other two techniques: a NUMA overhead aware buddy
                 allocator and a P2M swap FIFO. Cache hit rate, cycle
                 loss due to cache miss, and IPC serve as indicators to
                 estimate the access cost of each memory node. Our
                 optimized buddy allocator dynamically selects
                 low-overhead memory zones and ``proportionally''
                 distributes memory pages across target nodes. The P2M
                 swap FIFO records recently unused PFN, MFN lists for
                 mapping exchanges to rebalance memory access pressure
                 within one domain. Our real system based evaluations
                 show a 41.1\% performance improvement when
                 consolidating 16-VMs on a 4-socket server (the proposed
                 allocator contributes 22.8\% of the performance gain
                 and the P2M swap FIFO accounts for the rest).
                 Furthermore, our techniques can cooperate well with
                 other methods (i.e. vCPU migration) and scale well when
                 varying VM memory size and the number of sockets in a
                 physical host",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ISCA '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Liu:2014:PAC,
  author =       "Xiaodong Liu and Weiqin Tong and Xiaoli Zhi and Fu
                 ZhiRen and Liao WenZhao",
  title =        "Performance analysis of cloud computing services
                 considering resources sharing among virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "357--374",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1156-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 06:45:04 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=69&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-014-1156-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Book{Lowe:2014:MVV,
  author =       "Scott Lowe and Nick Marshall and Forbes Guthrie and
                 Matt Liebowitz and Josh Atwell",
  title =        "Mastering {VMware vSphere 5.5}",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xxix + 808",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "1-118-66114-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-118-66114-7 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 16 12:11:40 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ma:2014:DBV,
  author =       "Zhiqiang Ma and Zhonghua Sheng and Lin Gu",
  title =        "{DVM}: A Big Virtual Machine for Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2245--2258",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2013.102",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 9 06:54:10 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Machida:2014:JCT,
  author =       "Fumio Machida and Victor F. Nicola and Kishor S.
                 Trivedi",
  title =        "Job completion time on a virtualized server with
                 software rejuvenation",
  journal =      j-JETC,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2539121",
  ISSN =         "1550-4832",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4832",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 14 19:15:04 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jetc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jetc.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article analyzes the completion time of a job
                 running on a virtualized server subject to software
                 aging and rejuvenation in a virtual machine monitor
                 (VMM). A job running on the server may be interrupted
                 by virtual machine (VM) failure, VMM failure or VMM
                 rejuvenation. The job interruption is categorized as
                 either preemptive-repeat ( prt ), in which case the
                 interrupted job needs to restart from the beginning, or
                 preemptive-resume ( prs ), in which case the job
                 resumes execution from the point of interruption. Using
                 a semi-Markov process (SMP) to model the server
                 behavior, the steady-state server availability is
                 computed and the theory developed in Kulkarni et al.
                 [1987] is used to obtain the Laplace--Stieltjes
                 transform (LST) of the job completion time. In the
                 numerical experiments, we introduce four types of aging
                 behavior of VMM. The effectiveness of VMM rejuvenation
                 on job completion time is discussed in association with
                 the type of interruption it causes and the VMM aging
                 type. With our parameter settings, VMM rejuvenation
                 with prs job interruption improves the performance of
                 job execution regardless of the aging type, with
                 performance degradation is taken into account.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing
                 Systems (JETC)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J967",
}

@Article{Mao:2014:RPO,
  author =       "Bo Mao and Hong Jiang and Suzhen Wu and Yinjin Fu and
                 Lei Tian",
  title =        "Read-Performance Optimization for Deduplication-Based
                 Storage Systems in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2512348",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 1 05:59:01 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tos/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Data deduplication has been demonstrated to be an
                 effective technique in reducing the total data
                 transferred over the network and the storage space in
                 cloud backup, archiving, and primary storage systems,
                 such as VM (virtual machine) platforms. However, the
                 performance of restore operations from a deduplicated
                 backup can be significantly lower than that without
                 deduplication. The main reason lies in the fact that a
                 file or block is split into multiple small data chunks
                 that are often located in different disks after
                 deduplication, which can cause a subsequent read
                 operation to invoke many disk IOs involving multiple
                 disks and thus degrade the read performance
                 significantly. While this problem has been by and large
                 ignored in the literature thus far, we argue that the
                 time is ripe for us to pay significant attention to it
                 in light of the emerging cloud storage applications and
                 the increasing popularity of the VM platform in the
                 cloud. This is because, in a cloud storage or VM
                 environment, a simple read request on the client side
                 may translate into a restore operation if the data to
                 be read or a VM suspended by the user was previously
                 deduplicated when written to the cloud or the VM
                 storage server, a likely scenario considering the
                 network bandwidth and storage capacity concerns in such
                 an environment. To address this problem, in this
                 article, we propose SAR, an SSD (solid-state
                 drive)-Assisted Read scheme, that effectively exploits
                 the high random-read performance properties of SSDs and
                 the unique data-sharing characteristic of
                 deduplication-based storage systems by storing in SSDs
                 the unique data chunks with high reference count, small
                 size, and nonsequential characteristics. In this way,
                 many read requests to HDDs are replaced by read
                 requests to SSDs, thus significantly improving the read
                 performance of the deduplication-based storage systems
                 in the cloud. The extensive trace-driven and VM restore
                 evaluations on the prototype implementation of SAR show
                 that SAR outperforms the traditional
                 deduplication-based and flash-based cache schemes
                 significantly, in terms of the average response
                 times.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J960",
}

@Article{Mihajlovic:2014:DIQ,
  author =       "Bojan Mihajlovi{\'c} and Zeljko Zili{\'c} and Warren
                 J. Gross",
  title =        "Dynamically Instrumenting the {QEMU} Emulator for
                 {Linux} Process Trace Generation with the {GDB}
                 Debugger",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "5s",
  pages =        "167:1--167:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2678022",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 7 15:03:31 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In software debugging, trace generation techniques are
                 used to resolve highly complex bugs. However, the
                 emulators increasingly used for embedded software
                 development do not yet offer the types of trace
                 generation infrastructure available in hardware. In
                 this article, we make changes to the ARM ISA emulation
                 of the QEMU emulator to allow for continuous
                 instruction-level trace generation. Using a standard
                 GDB client, tracepoints can be inserted to dynamically
                 log registers and memory addresses without altering
                 executing code. The ability to run trace experiments in
                 five different modes allows the scope of trace
                 generation to be narrowed as needed, down to the level
                 of a single Linux process. Our scheme collects the
                 execution traces of a Linux process on average between
                 9.6x--0.7x the speed of existing QEMU trace
                 capabilities, with 96.7\% less trace data volume.
                 Compared to a software-instrumented tracing scheme, our
                 method is both unobtrusive and performs on average
                 between 3--4 orders of magnitude faster.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "167",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
}

@Article{Mitsuishi:2014:ABF,
  author =       "Takuji Mitsuishi and Shimpei Nomura and Jun Suzuki and
                 Yuki Hayashi and Masaki Kan and Hideharu Amano",
  title =        "Accelerating Breadth First Search on {GPU--BOX}",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "81--86",
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2693714.2693729",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 3 16:18:50 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The graph analysis has been applied in various fields
                 related to big-data processing and actively researched
                 in recent years. For processing a larger scale of
                 graph, parallel computing with multi-GPU system is paid
                 attention as an economical solution. Here, an efficient
                 parallel method is proposed to solve a typical graph
                 analysis, Breadth First Search (BFS) for multi-GPU
                 systems. Our target system is GPU-BOX, a prototype of
                 multi-GPU system using ExpEther which is a
                 virtualization technology based on PCI Express and
                 Ethernet. Although many vertices between GPUs must be
                 exchanged to run BFS on multi-GPU system, GPU-BOX
                 provides only small communication performance because
                 of using Ethernet. Our parallel algorithm for BFS is
                 designed so as to reduce the traffic between GPUs as
                 possible. The proposed method reduced 30-40\% traffic
                 between GPUs and improved the traditional parallel
                 method by 10\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "HEART '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Nomura:2014:PAM,
  author =       "Shimpei Nomura and Takuji Mitsuishi and Jun Suzuki and
                 Yuki Hayashi and Masaki Kan and Hideharu Amano",
  title =        "Performance Analysis of the {Multi-GPU} System with
                 {ExpEther}",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "9--14",
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2693714.2693717",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 3 16:18:50 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A GPU cluster in which each node provides a few GPUs
                 connected with PCIe (PCI Express) is commonly used for
                 acceleration of a large application program requiring
                 the performance beyond a single GPU. However, in such a
                 system, programmers are required to describe two
                 parallel programming between nodes in MPIs or other
                 message passing library as well as the fine grained
                 parallel programming for intra-GPUs. As a cost
                 effective alternative of such clusters, we propose a
                 novel multi-GPU system with ExpEther, a virtualization
                 technique which extends PCIe of a host CPU to Ethernet.
                 All devices connected by ExpEther can be treated as if
                 they were directly connected to the host. Evaluation
                 with two application programs with and without GPU-GPU
                 communication revealed that the proposed system with
                 four GPUs achieved 3.88 and 3.29 times performance
                 improvement respectively compared with a single GPU
                 system. Compared with GPU cluster system in which each
                 node provides a GPU, the proposed system achieved about
                 7\% and 30\% performance improvement, respectively.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "HEART '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Book{Oaks:2014:JPD,
  author =       "Scott Oaks",
  title =        "{Java} Performance: The Definitive Guide",
  publisher =    pub-ORA-MEDIA,
  address =      pub-ORA-MEDIA:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 408",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "1-4493-5845-4 (paperback), 1-4493-6354-7 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4493-5845-7 (paperback), 978-1-4493-6354-3
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 13:14:48 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ora.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/9781449363512",
  abstract =     "Coding and testing are often considered separate areas
                 of expertise. In this comprehensive guide, author and
                 Java expert Scott Oaks takes the approach that anyone
                 who works with Java should be equally adept at
                 understanding how code behaves in the JVM, as well as
                 the tunings likely to help its performance. You'll gain
                 in-depth knowledge of Java application performance,
                 using the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and the Java
                 platform, including the language and API. Developers
                 and performance engineers alike will learn a variety of
                 features, tools, and processes for improving the way
                 Java 7 and 8 applications perform. Apply four
                 principles for obtaining the best results from
                 performance testing Use JDK tools to collect data on
                 how a Java application is performing Understand the
                 advantages and disadvantages of using a JIT compiler
                 Tune JVM garbage collectors to affect programs as
                 little as possible Use techniques to manage heap memory
                 and JVM native memory Maximize Java threading and
                 synchronization performance features Tackle performance
                 issues in Java EE and Java SE APIs Improve Java-driven
                 database application performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java (Computer program language)",
}

@Book{Pape:2014:EJV,
  author =       "Tobias Pape and Arian Treffer and Robert Hirschfeld
                 and Michael Haupt",
  title =        "Extending a {Java Virtual Machine} to Dynamic
                 Object-oriented Languages",
  volume =       "82",
  publisher =    "Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam",
  address =      "Potsdam, Germany",
  pages =        "163",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "3-86956-266-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-86956-266-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 08:01:22 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts
                 f{\"u}r Softwaresystemtechnik an der Universit{\"a}t
                 Potsdam",
  URL =          "http://d-nb.info/1046379119/04;
                 http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6743/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Java Virtual Machine; Objektorientierte
                 Programmiersprache; Dynamische Optimierung",
}

@Article{Pawlish:2014:CEE,
  author =       "Michael Pawlish and Aparna S. Varde and Stefan A.
                 Robila and Anand Ranganathan",
  title =        "A call for energy efficiency in data centers",
  journal =      j-SIGMOD,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--51",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SRECD8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2627692.2627703",
  ISSN =         "0163-5808 (print), 1943-5835 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5808",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 18:46:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmod.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we explore a data center's performance
                 with a call for energy efficiency through green
                 computing. Some performance metrics we examine in data
                 centers are server energy usage, Power Usage
                 Effectiveness and utilization rate, i.e., the extent to
                 which data center servers are being used. Recent
                 literature indicates that utilization rates at many
                 internal data centers are quite low, resulting in poor
                 usage of resources such as energy and materials. Based
                 on our study, we attribute these low utilization rates
                 to not fully taking advantage of virtualization, and
                 not retiring phantom (unused) servers. This paper
                 describes our initiative corroborated with real data in
                 a university setting. We suggest that future data
                 centers will need to increase their utilization rates
                 for better energy efficiency, and moving towards a
                 cloud provider would help. However, we argue that
                 neither a pure in-house data center or cloud model is
                 the best solution. Instead we recommend, from a
                 decision support perspective, a hybrid model in data
                 center management to lower costs and increase services,
                 while also providing greater energy efficiency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Management of Data)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J689",
}

@Article{Pfitscher:2014:COD,
  author =       "Ricardo J. Pfitscher and Mauricio A. Pillon and Rafael
                 R. Obelheiro",
  title =        "Customer-oriented diagnosis of memory provisioning for
                 {IaaS} clouds",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2--10",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2626401.2626403",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 12:22:23 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Infrastructure-as-a-service clouds enable customers to
                 use computing resources in a flexible manner to satisfy
                 their needs, and pay only for the allocated resources.
                 One challenge for IaaS customers is the correct
                 provisioning of their resources. Many users end up
                 underprovisioning, hurting application performance, or
                 overprovisioning, paying for resources that are not
                 really necessary. Memory is an essential resource for
                 any computing system, and is frequently a
                 performance-limiting factor in cloud environments. In
                 this work, we propose a model that enables cloud
                 customers to determine whether the memory allocated to
                 their virtual machines is correctly provisioned,
                 underprovisioned, or overprovisioned. The model uses
                 two metrics collected inside a VM, resident and
                 committed memory, and defines thresholds for these
                 metrics that characterize each provisioning level.
                 Experimental results with Linux guests on Xen, running
                 four benchmarks with different workloads and varying
                 memory capacity, show that the model was able to
                 accurately diagnose memory provisioning in 98\% of the
                 scenarios evaluated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Pham:2014:BRS,
  author =       "Cuong Pham and Zachary J. Estrada and Phuong Cao and
                 Zbigniew Kalbarczyk and Ravishankar K. Iyer",
  title =        "Building Reliable and Secure {Virtual Machines} Using
                 Architectural Invariants",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "82--85",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2014.87",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 11 15:40:12 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/sp/2014/05/msp2014050082-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/sp/2014/05/msp2014050082-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security \& Privacy",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/security",
}

@Article{Rao:2014:TFE,
  author =       "Jia Rao and Xiaobo Zhou",
  title =        "Towards fair and efficient {SMP} virtual machine
                 scheduling",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "273--286",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2692916.2555246",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 26 16:26:30 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As multicore processors become prevalent in modern
                 computer systems, there is a growing need for
                 increasing hardware utilization and exploiting the
                 parallelism of such platforms. With virtualization
                 technology, hardware utilization is improved by
                 encapsulating independent workloads into virtual
                 machines (VMs) and consolidating them onto the same
                 machine. SMP virtual machines have been widely adopted
                 to exploit parallelism. For virtualized systems, such
                 as a public cloud, fairness between tenants and the
                 efficiency of running their applications are keys to
                 success. However, we find that existing virtualization
                 platforms fail to enforce fairness between VMs with
                 different number of virtual CPUs (vCPU) that run on
                 multiple CPUs. We attribute the unfairness to the use
                 of per-CPU schedulers and the load imbalance on these
                 CPUs that incur inaccurate CPU allocations.
                 Unfortunately, existing approaches to reduce
                 unfairness, e.g., dynamic load balancing and CPU
                 capping, introduce significant inefficiencies to
                 parallel workloads. In this paper, we present Flex, a
                 vCPU scheduling scheme that enforces fairness at
                 VM-level and improves the efficiency of hosted parallel
                 applications. Flex centers on two key designs: (1)
                 dynamically adjusting vCPU weights (FlexW) on multiple
                 CPUs to achieve VM-level fairness and (2) flexibly
                 scheduling vCPUs (FlexS) to minimize wasted
                 busy-waiting time. We have implemented Flex in Xen and
                 performed comprehensive evaluations with various
                 parallel workloads. Results show that Flex is able to
                 achieve CPU allocations with on average no more than
                 5\% error compared to the ideal fair allocation.
                 Further, Flex outperforms Xen's credit scheduler and
                 two representative co-scheduling approaches by as much
                 as $ 10 \times $ for parallel applications using
                 busy-waiting or blocking synchronization methods.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PPoPP '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Rosen:2014:LCF,
  author =       "Rami Rosen",
  title =        "{Linux} containers and the future cloud",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2014",
  number =       "240",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 9 15:49:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux-journal.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Process-level virtualization with Linux-based
                 containers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Salehi:2014:RPB,
  author =       "Mohsen Amini Salehi and Bahman Javadi and Rajkumar
                 Buyya",
  title =        "Resource provisioning based on preempting virtual
                 machines in distributed systems",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "412--433",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3004",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 8 15:45:14 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "30 Jan 2013",
}

@Article{Sallam:2014:MOV,
  author =       "Ahmed Sallam and Kenli Li",
  title =        "A Multi-objective Virtual Machine Migration Policy in
                 Cloud Systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "195--204",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxt018",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 3 17:03:04 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/2.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/2/195.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "March 1, 2013",
}

@Article{Sani:2014:PDF,
  author =       "Ardalan Amiri Sani and Kevin Boos and Shaopu Qin and
                 Lin Zhong",
  title =        "{I/O} paravirtualization at the device file boundary",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "319--332",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2654822.2541943",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 18 17:12:47 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Paravirtualization is an important I/O virtualization
                 technology since it uniquely provides all of the
                 following benefits: the ability to share the device
                 between multiple VMs, support for legacy devices
                 without virtualization hardware, and high performance.
                 However, existing paravirtualization solutions have one
                 main limitation: they only support one I/O device
                 class, and would require significant engineering effort
                 to support new device classes and features. In this
                 paper, we present Paradice, a solution that vastly
                 simplifies I/O paravirtualization by using a common
                 paravirtualization boundary for various I/O device
                 classes: Unix device files. Using this boundary, the
                 paravirtual drivers simply act as a class-agnostic
                 indirection layer between the application and the
                 actual device driver. We address two fundamental
                 challenges: supporting cross-VM driver memory
                 operations without changes to applications or device
                 drivers and providing fault and device data isolation
                 between guest VMs despite device driver bugs. We
                 implement Paradice for x86, the Xen hypervisor, and the
                 Linux and FreeBSD OSes. Our implementation
                 paravirtualizes various GPUs, input devices, cameras,
                 an audio device, and an Ethernet card for the netmap
                 framework with ~7700 LoC, of which only ~900 are device
                 class-specific. Our measurements show that Paradice
                 achieves performance close to native for different
                 devices and applications including netmap, 3D HD games,
                 and OpenCL applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Sarimbekov:2014:JCS,
  author =       "Aibek Sarimbekov and Andreas Sewe and Walter Binder
                 and Philippe Moret and Mira Mezini",
  title =        "{JP2}: {Call}-site aware calling context profiling for
                 the {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "146--157",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 30 15:06:12 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642311002036",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
}

@Article{Savrun-Yeniceri:2014:EHI,
  author =       "G{\"u}lfem Savrun-Yeni{\c{c}}eri and Wei Zhang and
                 Huahan Zhang and Eric Seckler and Chen Li and Stefan
                 Brunthaler and Per Larsen and Michael Franz",
  title =        "Efficient hosted interpreters on the {JVM}",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9:1--9:24",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2532642",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 10 08:08:33 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2532642",
  abstract =     "Many guest languages are implemented using the Java
                 Virtual Machine (JVM) as a host environment. There are
                 two major implementation choices: custom compilers and
                 so-called hosted interpreters. Custom compilers are
                 complex to build but offer good performance. Hosted
                 interpreters are comparatively simpler to implement but
                 until now have suffered from poor performance.\par

                 We studied the performance of hosted interpreters and
                 identified common bottlenecks preventing their
                 efficient execution. First, similar to interpreters
                 written in C/C++, instruction dispatch is expensive on
                 the JVM. Second, Java's semantics require expensive
                 runtime exception checks that negatively affect array
                 performance essential to interpreters.\par

                 We present two optimizations targeting these
                 bottlenecks and show that the performance of optimized
                 interpreters increases dramatically: we report speedups
                 by a factor of up to 2.45 over the Jython interpreter,
                 3.57 over the Rhino interpreter, and 2.52 over the
                 JRuby interpreter, respectively. The resulting
                 performance is comparable with that of custom
                 compilers. Our optimizations are enabled by a few
                 simple annotations that require only modest
                 implementation effort; in return, performance increases
                 substantially.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/taco",
}

@Article{Song:2014:AFB,
  author =       "Xiang Song and Jian Yang and Haibo Chen",
  title =        "Architecting Flash-based Solid-State Drive for
                 High-performance {I/O} Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "61--64",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/L-CA.2013.22",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Flash-based solid-state drive (SSD) is now being
                 widely deployed in cloud computing platforms due to the
                 potential advantages of better performance and less
                 energy consumption. However, current virtualization
                 architecture lacks support for high-performance I/O
                 virtualization over persistent storage, which results
                 in sub-optimal I/O performance for guest virtual
                 machines (VMs) on SSD. Further, current software-based
                 I/O virtualization violates the ``don't hide {power''}
                 principle due to inefficient support for some advanced
                 SSD commands (e.g., TRIM) and constrained parallelism,
                 leading to sub-optimal performance and life cycle. This
                 paper observes that the massive internal parallelism
                 and the block emulation in the flash translation layer
                 (FTL) make flash-based SSD an ideal candidate to
                 support high-performance I/O virtualization for
                 persistent storage. Based on this observation, we
                 propose VFlash, the first storage I/O virtualization
                 architecture that extends existing SSDs with trivial
                 hardware changes to directly expose multiple virtual
                 SSDs to guest VMs. Performance evaluation using a
                 modified FlashSim with two FTL schemes (i.e., DFTL and
                 FAST) shows that VFlash incurs only small performance
                 overhead over native SSDs and can efficiently exploit
                 parallelism.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Chen, HB (Reprint Author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ,
                 Sch Software, Inst Parallel \& Distributed Syst,
                 Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Song, Xiang; Yang,
                 Jian; Chen, Haibo, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch
                 Software, Inst Parallel \& Distributed Syst, Shanghai
                 200030, Peoples R China.",
  author-email = "haibochen@sjtu.edu.cn",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "AX5PM",
  eissn =        "1556-6064",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  funding-acknowledgement = "China National Natural Science Foundation
                 [61003002]; Intel",
  funding-text = "This work was supported by China National Natural
                 Science Foundation under grant numbered 61003002 and a
                 grant from Intel.",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "I/O virtualization; Solid State Drive",
  number-of-cited-references = "13",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  times-cited =  "6",
  unique-id =    "Song:2014:AFB",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Song:2014:ARP,
  author =       "Weijia Song and Zhen Xiao and Qi Chen and Haipeng
                 Luo",
  title =        "Adaptive Resource Provisioning for the Cloud Using
                 Online Bin Packing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2647--2660",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2013.148",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 06 07:39:04 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "application demand; Approximation algorithms;
                 Approximation methods; bin packing; cloud adaptive
                 resource provisioning; cloud computing; Cloud
                 computing; computer centres; data center applications;
                 dynamic data center resource allocation; green
                 computing; Heuristic algorithms; Layout; physical
                 machines; physical servers; relaxed online bin packing
                 problem; resource allocation; Resource management;
                 Scheduling algorithms; server number optimization;
                 server resource multiplexing; Servers; virtual machine;
                 virtual machines; virtualisation; virtualization;
                 virtualization technology",
}

@Article{Song:2014:OBS,
  author =       "Fei Song and Daochao Huang and Huachun Zhou and Hongke
                 Zhang and Ilsun You",
  title =        "An Optimization-Based Scheme for Efficient Virtual
                 Machine Placement",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "853--872",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-013-0274-5",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 07:13:07 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0885-7458&volume=42&issue=5;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10766-013-0274-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Book{Stark:2014:JJV,
  author =       "Robert F. St{\"a}rk and Joachim Schmid and Egon
                 B{\"o}rger",
  title =        "{Java} and the {Java Virtual Machine}: Definition,
                 Verification, Validation",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "x + 381",
  year =         "2014",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59495-3",
  ISBN =         "3-642-63997-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-642-63997-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.C65",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 16 16:02:58 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Softcover reprint of \cite{Stark:2001:JJV}.",
  URL =          "http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4745749\%26prov=M\%26dok\_var=1\%26dok\_ext=htm",
  abstract =     "This book provides a high-level description, together
                 with a mathematical and an experimental analysis, of
                 Java and of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), including a
                 standard compiler of Java programs to JVM code and the
                 security critical bytecode verifier component of the
                 JVM. The description is structured into language layers
                 and machine components. It comes with a natural
                 executable refinement which can be used for testing
                 code. The method developed for this purpose is based on
                 Abstract State Machines (ASMs) and can be applied to
                 other virtual machines and to other programming
                 languages as well. The book is written for advanced
                 students and for professionals and practitioners in
                 research and development who need for their work a
                 complete and transparent definition and an executable
                 model of the language and of the virtual machine
                 underlying its intended implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Abstract State Machines \\
                 Part I. Java \\
                 Part II. Compilation of Java: The Trustful JVM \\
                 Part III. Bytecode Verification: The Secure JVM \\
                 Appendix \\
                 Index",
}

@Article{Stecklina:2014:SHO,
  author =       "Julian Stecklina",
  title =        "Shrinking the hypervisor one subsystem at a time: a
                 userspace packet switch for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "189--200",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576202",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Efficient and secure networking between virtual
                 machines is crucial in a time where a large share of
                 the services on the Internet and in private datacenters
                 run in virtual machines. To achieve this efficiency,
                 virtualization solutions, such as Qemu/KVM, move toward
                 a monolithic system architecture in which all
                 performance critical functionality is implemented
                 directly in the hypervisor in privileged mode. This is
                 an attack surface in the hypervisor that can be used
                 from compromised VMs to take over the virtual machine
                 host and all VMs running on it. We show that it is
                 possible to implement an efficient network switch for
                 virtual machines as an unprivileged userspace component
                 running in the host system including the driver for the
                 upstream network adapter. Our network switch relies on
                 functionality already present in the KVM hypervisor and
                 requires no changes to Linux, the host operating
                 system, and the guest. Our userspace implementation
                 compares favorably to the existing in-kernel
                 implementation with respect to throughput and latency.
                 We reduced per-packet overhead by using a
                 run-to-completion model an are able to outperform the
                 unmodified system for VM-to-VM traffic by a large
                 margin when packet rates are high.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Su:2014:EAV,
  author =       "Sen Su and Zhongbao Zhang and Alex X. Liu and Xiang
                 Cheng and Yiwen Wang and Xinchao Zhao",
  title =        "Energy-aware virtual network embedding",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1607--1620",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2013.2286156",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 12 18:29:34 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual network embedding, which means mapping virtual
                 networks requested by users to a shared substrate
                 network maintained by an Internet service provider, is
                 a key function that network virtualization needs to
                 provide. Prior work on virtual network embedding has
                 primarily focused on maximizing the revenue of the
                 Internet service provider and did not consider the
                 energy cost in accommodating such requests. As energy
                 cost is more than half of the operating cost of the
                 substrate networks, while trying to accommodate more
                 virtual network requests, minimizing energy cost is
                 critical for infrastructure providers. In this paper,
                 we make the first effort toward energy-aware virtual
                 network embedding. We first propose an energy cost
                 model and formulate the energy-aware virtual network
                 embedding problem as an integer linear programming
                 problem. We then propose two efficient energy-aware
                 virtual network embedding algorithms: a heuristic-based
                 algorithm and a
                 particle-swarm-optimization-technique-based algorithm.
                 We implemented our algorithms in C++ and performed
                 side-by-side comparison with prior algorithms. The
                 simulation results show that our algorithms
                 significantly reduce the energy cost by up to 50\% over
                 the existing algorithm for accommodating the same
                 sequence of virtual network requests.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Su:2014:RVP,
  author =       "Tzu-Hsiang Su and Hsiang-Jen Tsai and Keng-Hao Yang
                 and Po-Chun Chang and Tien-Fu Chen and Yi-Ting Zhao",
  title =        "Reconfigurable vertical profiling framework for the
                 {Android} runtime system",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2s",
  pages =        "59:1--59:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2544375.2544379",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 28 17:34:43 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Dalvik virtual machine in the Android system creates a
                 profiling barrier between VM-space applications and
                 Linux user-space libraries. It is difficult for
                 existing profiling tools on the Android system to
                 definitively identify whether a bottleneck occurred in
                 the application level, the Linux user-space level, or
                 the Linux kernel level. Information barriers exist
                 between VM-space applications and Linux native analysis
                 tools due to runtime virtual machines' dynamic memory
                 allocation mechanism. Furthermore, traditional vertical
                 profiling tools targeted for Java virtual machines
                 cannot be simply applied on the Dalvik virtual machine
                 due to its unique design. The proposed the
                 Reconfigurable Vertical Profiling Framework bridges the
                 information gap and streamlines the hardware-software
                 co-design process for the Android runtime system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "59",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J840",
}

@Article{Tan:2014:DBD,
  author =       "Huailiang Tan and Lianjun Huang and Zaihong He and
                 Youyou Lu and Xubin He",
  title =        "{DMVL}: an {I/O} bandwidth dynamic allocation method
                 for virtual networks",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "104--116",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:44:53 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804513001380",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Tang:2014:DFS,
  author =       "Zhuo Tang and Yanqing Mo and Kenli Li and Keqin Li",
  title =        "Dynamic forecast scheduling algorithm for virtual
                 machine placement in cloud computing environment",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1279--1296",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1227-5",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 13 12:32:24 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=70&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-014-1227-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Tien:2014:EOS,
  author =       "Tsan-Rong Tien and Yi-Ping You",
  title =        "Enabling {OpenCL} support for {GPGPU} in Kernel-based
                 Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "483--510",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2166",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 05:57:32 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "22 Nov 2012",
}

@Article{Torlak:2014:LSV,
  author =       "Emina Torlak and Rastislav Bodik",
  title =        "A lightweight symbolic virtual machine for
                 solver-aided host languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "530--541",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2666356.2594340",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:38:28 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Solver-aided domain-specific languages (SDSLs) are an
                 emerging class of computer-aided programming systems.
                 They ease the construction of programs by using
                 satisfiability solvers to automate tasks such as
                 verification, debugging, synthesis, and
                 non-deterministic execution. But reducing programming
                 tasks to satisfiability problems involves translating
                 programs to logical constraints, which is an
                 engineering challenge even for domain-specific
                 languages. We have previously shown that translation to
                 constraints can be avoided if SDSLs are implemented by
                 (traditional) embedding into a host language that is
                 itself solver-aided. This paper describes how to
                 implement a symbolic virtual machine (SVM) for such a
                 host language. Our symbolic virtual machine is
                 lightweight because it compiles to constraints only a
                 small subset of the host's constructs, while allowing
                 SDSL designers to use the entire language, including
                 constructs for DSL embedding. This lightweight
                 compilation employs a novel symbolic execution
                 technique with two key properties: it produces compact
                 encodings, and it enables concrete evaluation to strip
                 away host constructs that are outside the subset
                 compilable to constraints. Our symbolic virtual machine
                 architecture is at the heart of Rosette, a solver-aided
                 language that is host to several new SDSLs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  received =     "PLDI '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Tsafrir:2014:ELV,
  author =       "Dan Tsafrir",
  title =        "Experiences in the land of virtual abstractions",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576215",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The Microsoft Research Drawbridge Project began with a
                 simple question: Is it possible to achieve the benefits
                 of hardware virtual machines without the overheads?
                 Following that question, we have built a line of
                 exploratory prototypes. These prototypes range from an
                 ARM-based phone that runs x86 Windows binaries to new
                 forms of secure computation. In this talk, I'll briefly
                 describe our various prototypes and the evidence we
                 have accumulated that our first question can be
                 answered in the affirmative.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Tu:2014:PPP,
  author =       "Chia-Heng Tu and Hui-Hsin Hsu and Jen-Hao Chen and
                 Chun-Han Chen and Shih-Hao Hung",
  title =        "Performance and power profiling for emulated {Android}
                 systems",
  journal =      j-TODAES,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ATASFO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2566660",
  ISSN =         "1084-4309 (print), 1557-7309 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-4309",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 21 18:21:14 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/todaes/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/todaes.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Simulation is a common approach for assisting system
                 design and optimization. For system-wide optimization,
                 energy and computational resources are often the two
                 most critical issues. Monitoring the energy state of
                 each hardware component and measuring the time spent in
                 each state is needed for accurate energy and
                 performance prediction. For software optimization, it
                 is important to profile the energy and the time
                 consumed by each software construct in a realistic
                 operating environment with a proper workload. However,
                 the conventional approaches of simulation often fail to
                 produce satisfying data. First, building a
                 cycle-accurate simulation environment for a complex
                 system, such as an Android smartphone, is difficult and
                 can take a long time. Second, a slow simulation can
                 significantly alter the behavior of multithreaded,
                 I/O-intensive applications and can affect the accuracy
                 of profiles. Third, existing software-based profilers
                 generally do not work on simulators, which makes it
                 difficult for performance analysis of complicated
                 software, for example, Java applications executed by
                 the Dalvik VM in an Android system. To address these
                 aforementioned problems, we proposed and prototyped a
                 framework, called virtual performance analyzer (VPA).
                 VPA takes advantage of an existing emulator or virtual
                 machine monitor to reduce the complexity of building a
                 simulator. VPA allows the user to selectively and
                 incrementally integrate timing models and power models
                 into the emulator with our carefully designed
                 performance/power monitors, tracing facility, and
                 profiling tools to evaluate and analyze the emulated
                 system. The emulated system can perform at different
                 levels of speed to help verify if the profile data are
                 impacted by the emulation speed. Finally, VPA supports
                 existing software-based profiles and enables
                 non-intrusive tracing/profiling by minimizing the probe
                 effect. Our experimental results show that the VPA
                 framework allows users to quickly establish a
                 performance/power evaluation environment and gather
                 useful information to support system design and
                 software optimization for Android smartphones.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J776",
}

@InProceedings{vanMoolenbroek:2014:TFL,
  author =       "David C. van Moolenbroek and Raja Appuswamy and Andrew
                 S. Tanenbaum",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{SYSTOR '14: proceedings of the 7th ACM International
                 Systems and Storage Conference: June 10--12, 2014,
                 Haifa, Israel}",
  title =        "Towards a Flexible, Lightweight Virtualization
                 Alternative",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "1--7",
  year =         "2014",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2611354.2611369",
  ISBN =         "1-4503-2920-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4503-2920-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 24 07:49:02 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2611354;
                 http://www.minix3.org/docs/conf/systor-2014.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Varadharajan:2014:CSA,
  author =       "Vijay Varadharajan and Udaya Tupakula",
  title =        "Counteracting security attacks in virtual machines in
                 the cloud using property based attestation",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "31--45",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 28 15:44:57 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804513001768",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Netw. Comput. Appl.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Visegrady:2014:SCV,
  author =       "T. Visegrady and S. Dragone and M. Osborne",
  title =        "Stateless cryptography for virtual environments",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:10",
  month =        jan # "--" # feb,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2013.2287811",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 15 16:52:52 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmjrd.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
}

@Article{Vitek:2014:CTR,
  author =       "Jan Vitek",
  title =        "The case for the three {R}'s of systems research:
                 repeatability, reproducibility and rigor",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "115--116",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576216",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Computer systems research spans sub-disciplines that
                 include embedded systems, programming languages,
                 networking, and operating systems. In this talk my
                 contention is that a number of structural factors
                 inhibit quality systems research. Symptoms of the
                 problem include unrepeatable and unreproduced results
                 as well as results that are either devoid of meaning or
                 that measure the wrong thing. I will illustrate the
                 impact of these issues on our research output with
                 examples from the development and empirical evaluation
                 of the Schism real-time garbage collection algorithm
                 that is shipped with the FijiVM --- a Java virtual
                 machine for embedded and mobile devices. I will argue
                 that our field should foster: repetition of results,
                 independent reproduction, as well as rigorous
                 evaluation. I will outline some baby steps taken by
                 several computer conferences. In particular I will
                 focus on the introduction of Artifact Evaluation
                 Committees or AECs to ECOOP, OOPLSA, PLDI and soon
                 POPL. The goal of the AECs is to encourage author to
                 package the software artifacts that they used to
                 support the claims made in their paper and to submit
                 these artifacts for evaluation. AECs were carefully
                 designed to provide positive feedback to the authors
                 that take the time to create repeatable research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wood:2014:LLD,
  author =       "Benjamin P. Wood and Luis Ceze and Dan Grossman",
  title =        "Low-level detection of language-level data races with
                 {LARD}",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "671--686",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2654822.2541955",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 18 17:12:47 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Researchers have proposed always-on data-race
                 exceptions as a way to avoid the ill effects of data
                 races, but slow performance of accurate dynamic
                 data-race detection remains a barrier to the adoption
                 of always-on data-race exceptions. Proposals for
                 accurate low-level (e.g., hardware) data-race detection
                 have the potential to reduce this performance barrier.
                 This paper explains why low-level data-race detectors
                 are wrong for programs written in high-level languages
                 (e.g., Java): they miss true data races and report
                 false data races in these programs. To bring the
                 benefits of low-level data-race detection to high-level
                 languages, we design low-level abstractable race
                 detection (LARD), an extension of the interface between
                 low-level data-race detectors and run-time systems that
                 enables accurate language-level data-race detection
                 using low-level detection mechanisms. We implement
                 accurate LARD data-race exception support for Java,
                 coupling a modified Jikes RVM Java virtual machine and
                 a simulated hardware race detector. We evaluate our
                 detector's accuracy against an accurate dynamic Java
                 data-race detector and other low-level race detectors
                 without LARD, showing that naive accurate low-level
                 data-race detectors suffer from many missed and false
                 language-level races in practice, and that LARD
                 prevents this inaccuracy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Xie:2014:DIP,
  author =       "Xia Xie and Wenzhi Cao and Hai Jin and Xijiang Ke and
                 Shuwen Luo",
  title =        "Design and implementation of process-aware predictive
                 scheduling scheme for virtual machine",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1577--1587",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1254-2",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 13 12:13:22 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=70&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-014-1254-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Xu:2014:IML,
  author =       "Fei Xu and Fangming Liu and Linghui Liu and Hai Jin
                 and Bo Li and Baochun Li",
  title =        "{iAware}: Making Live Migration of Virtual Machines
                 Interference-Aware in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3012--3025",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2013.185",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 10:36:57 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Bandwidth; Central Processing Unit; cloud computing;
                 Cloud computing; cloud services; complementary
                 large-scale simulations; computer centres;
                 consolidation policies; contracts; CPU; Degradation;
                 iAware; interference-aware VM; large-scale datacenters;
                 live migration; load balancing; multiresource
                 demand-supply model; Nonvolatile memory; performance
                 interference; resource allocation;
                 service-level-agreement; SLA; virtual machine
                 interference-aware; virtual machines; Virtual
                 machining; virtualisation; virtualization; VM migration
                 approaches; VM performance interference; VM scheduling;
                 Xen virtualized cluster platform",
}

@Article{Yan:2014:EFG,
  author =       "Jie Yan and Guangming Tan and Ninghui Sun",
  title =        "Exploiting fine-grained parallelism in graph traversal
                 algorithms via lock virtualization on multi-core
                 architecture",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1462--1490",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-014-1239-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 13 12:15:43 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=69&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-014-1239-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Yang:2014:ICV,
  author =       "Chao-Tung Yang and Jung-Chun Liu and Ching-Hsien Hsu",
  title =        "On improvement of cloud virtual machine availability
                 with virtualization fault tolerance mechanism",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1103--1122",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-013-1045-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 13 12:28:15 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=69&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-013-1045-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Yang:2014:IGV,
  author =       "Chao-Tung Yang and Jung-Chun Liu and Hsien-Yi Wang and
                 Ching-Hsien Hsu",
  title =        "Implementation of {GPU} virtualization using {PCI}
                 pass-through mechanism",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "68",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "183--213",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-013-1034-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 06:44:53 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=68&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-013-1034-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Yang:2014:IIV,
  author =       "Hailong Yang and Qi Zhao and Zhongzhi Luan and Depei
                 Qian",
  title =        "{iMeter}: an integrated {VM} power model based on
                 performance profiling",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "267--286",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 28 15:56:06 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13001532",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Yang:2014:MMG,
  author =       "Chao-Tung Yang and Jung-Chun Liu and Kuan-Lung Huang
                 and Fuu-Cheng Jiang",
  title =        "A method for managing green power of a virtual machine
                 cluster in cloud",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "26--36",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 08:14:41 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X14000466",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Yao:2014:GFT,
  author =       "Lin Yao and Guowei Wu and Jiankang Ren and Yanwei Zhu
                 and Ying Li",
  title =        "Guaranteeing Fault-Tolerant Requirement Load Balancing
                 Scheme Based on {VM} Migration",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "225--232",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxt012",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 3 17:03:04 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/2.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/2/225.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "February 12, 2013",
}

@Article{Yu:2014:MPP,
  author =       "Chao Yu and Leihua Qin and Jingli Zhou",
  title =        "A multicore periodical preemption virtual machine
                 scheduling scheme to improve the performance of
                 computational tasks",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "254--276",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-013-0998-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 8 10:22:13 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0920-8542&volume=67&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-013-0998-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Zakkak:2014:JJM,
  author =       "Foivos S. Zakkak and Polyvios Pratikakis",
  title =        "{JDMM}: a {Java} memory model for non-cache-coherent
                 memory architectures",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "83--92",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775049.2602999",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As the number of cores continuously grows, processor
                 designers are considering non coherent memories as more
                 scalable and energy efficient alternatives to the
                 current coherent ones. The Java Memory Model (JMM)
                 requires that all cores can access the Java heap. It
                 guarantees sequential consistency for data-race-free
                 programs and no out-of-thin-air values for non
                 data-race-free programs. To implement the Java Memory
                 Model over non-cache-coherent and distributed
                 architectures Java Virtual Machines (JVMs) are most
                 likely to employ software caching. In this work, (i) we
                 provide a formalization of the Java Memory Model for
                 non-cache-coherent and distributed memory
                 architectures, (ii) prove the adherence of our model
                 with the Java Memory Model and (iii) evaluate,
                 regarding its compliance to the Java Memory Model, a
                 state-of-the-art Java Virtual Machine implementation on
                 a non-cache-coherent architecture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zhang:2014:AIO,
  author =       "Wei Zhang and Per Larsen and Stefan Brunthaler and
                 Michael Franz",
  title =        "Accelerating iterators in optimizing {AST}
                 interpreters",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "727--743",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2714064.2660223",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/python.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Generators offer an elegant way to express iterators.
                 However, their performance has always been their
                 Achilles heel and has prevented widespread adoption. We
                 present techniques to efficiently implement and
                 optimize generators. We have implemented our
                 optimizations in ZipPy, a modern, light-weight AST
                 interpreter based Python 3 implementation targeting the
                 Java virtual machine. Our implementation builds on a
                 framework that optimizes AST interpreters using
                 just-in-time compilation. In such a system, it is
                 crucial that AST optimizations do not prevent
                 subsequent optimizations. Our system was carefully
                 designed to avoid this problem. We report an average
                 speedup of 3.58x for generator-bound programs. As a
                 result, using generators no longer has downsides and
                 programmers are free to enjoy their upsides.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zhang:2014:VFP,
  author =       "Zhaoning Zhang and Ziyang Li and Kui Wu and Dongsheng
                 Li and Huiba Li and Yuxing Peng and Xicheng Lu",
  title =        "{VMThunder}: Fast Provisioning of Large-Scale Virtual
                 Machine Clusters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3328--3338",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 12 13:58:34 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2014/12/06719385-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2014/12/06719385-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Zheng:2014:CCM,
  author =       "Jie Zheng and Tze Sing Eugene Ng and Kunwadee
                 Sripanidkulchai and Zhaolei Liu",
  title =        "{COMMA}: coordinating the migration of multi-tier
                 applications",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "153--164",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2674025.2576200",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 26 07:29:50 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Multi-tier applications are widely deployed in today's
                 virtualized cloud computing environments. At the same
                 time, management operations in these virtualized
                 environments, such as load balancing, hardware
                 maintenance, workload consolidation, etc., often make
                 use of live virtual machine (VM) migration to control
                 the placement of VMs. Although existing solutions are
                 able to migrate a single VM efficiently, little
                 attention has been devoted to migrating related VMs in
                 multi-tier applications. Ignoring the relatedness of
                 VMs during migration can lead to serious application
                 performance degradation. This paper formulates the
                 multi-tier application migration problem, and presents
                 a new communication-impact-driven coordinated approach,
                 as well as a system called COMMA that realizes this
                 approach. Through extensive testbed experiments,
                 numerical analyses, and a demonstration of COMMA on
                 Amazon EC2, we show that this approach is highly
                 effective in minimizing migration's impact on
                 multi-tier applications' performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zou:2014:VOV,
  author =       "Shihong Zou and Xitao Wen and Kai Chen and Shan Huang
                 and Yan Chen and Yongqiang Liu and Yong Xia and
                 Chengchen Hu",
  title =        "{VirtualKnotter}: Online virtual machine shuffling for
                 congestion resolving in virtualized datacenter",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "141--153",
  day =          "4",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 23 18:09:14 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138912861400139X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Ahmad:2015:SVM,
  author =       "Raja Wasim Ahmad and Abdullah Gani and Siti Hafizah
                 Ab. Hamid and Muhammad Shiraz and Abdullah Yousafzai
                 and Feng Xia",
  title =        "A survey on virtual machine migration and server
                 consolidation frameworks for cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "11--25",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 8 15:46:39 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804515000284",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Ahmad:2015:VMM,
  author =       "Raja Wasim Ahmad and Abdullah Gani and Siti Hafizah
                 Ab. Hamid and Muhammad Shiraz and Feng Xia and Sajjad
                 A. Madani",
  title =        "Virtual machine migration in cloud data centers: a
                 review, taxonomy, and open research issues",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "2473--2515",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1400-5",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 8 12:23:11 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/71/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-015-1400-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Aigner:2015:AJE,
  author =       "Martin Aigner and Thomas H{\"u}tter and Christoph M.
                 Kirsch and Alexander Miller and Hannes Payer and Mario
                 Preishuber",
  title =        "{ACDC-JS}: explorative benchmarking of {JavaScript}
                 memory management",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "67--78",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775052.2661089",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We present ACDC-JS, an open-source JavaScript memory
                 management benchmarking tool. ACDC-JS incorporates a
                 heap model based on real web applications and may be
                 configured to expose virtually any relevant performance
                 characteristics of JavaScript memory management
                 systems. ACDC-JS is based on ACDC, a benchmarking tool
                 for C/C++ that models periodic allocation and
                 deallocation behavior (AC) as well as persistent memory
                 (DC). We identify important characteristics of
                 JavaScript mutator behavior and propose a configurable
                 heap model based on typical distributions of these
                 characteristics as foundation for ACDC-JS. We describe
                 heap analyses of 13 real web applications extending
                 existing work on JavaScript behavior analysis. Our
                 experimental results show that ACDC-JS enables
                 performance benchmarking and debugging of
                 state-of-the-art JavaScript virtual machines such as V8
                 and SpiderMonkey by exposing key aspects of their
                 memory management performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DLS '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Akyildiz:2015:WSD,
  author =       "Ian F. Akyildiz and Shih-Chun Lin and Pu Wang",
  title =        "Wireless software-defined networks {(W-SDNs)} and
                 network function virtualization {(NFV)} for {$5$G}
                 cellular systems: an overview and qualitative
                 evaluation",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "93 (part 1)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "66--79",
  day =          "24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 30 08:40:41 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128615003862",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2015:CXB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Critical {Xen} bug in {PV} memory virtualization code
                 ({XSA 148})",
  howpublished = "Web bug report",
  day =          "29",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 30 18:19:12 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "The report notes about this bug that allows memory
                 pages to leak between Xen virtual machines on the same
                 physical host: ``\ldots{} the bug is a very critical
                 one. Probably the worst we have seen affecting the Xen
                 hypervisor, ever. Sadly. \ldots{} it is really shocking
                 that such a bug has been lurking in the core of the
                 hypervisor for so many years.''",
  URL =          "https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-secpack/blob/master/QSBs/qsb-022-2015.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Axnix:2015:IZF,
  author =       "C. Axnix and G. Bayer and H. Bohm and J. von Buttlar
                 and M. S. Farrell and L. C. Heller and J. P. Kubala and
                 S. E. Lederer and R. Mansell and A. Nunez Mencias and
                 S. Usenbinz",
  title =        "{IBM z13} firmware innovations for simultaneous
                 multithreading and {I/O} virtualization",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "11:1--11:11",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 21 11:38:12 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmjrd.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Baccarelli:2015:MEB,
  author =       "Enzo Baccarelli and Danilo Amendola and Nicola
                 Cordeschi",
  title =        "Minimum-energy bandwidth management for {QoS} live
                 migration of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "93 (part 1)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--22",
  day =          "24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 30 08:40:41 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128615003655",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Bauman:2015:SHB,
  author =       "Erick Bauman and Gbadebo Ayoade and Zhiqiang Lin",
  title =        "A Survey on Hypervisor-Based Monitoring: Approaches,
                 Applications, and Evolutions",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775111",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 30 17:08:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "When designing computer monitoring systems, one goal
                 has always been to have a complete view of the
                 monitored target and at the same time stealthily
                 protect the monitor itself. One way to achieve this is
                 to use hypervisor-based, or more generally out of
                 virtual machine (VM)-based, monitoring. There are,
                 however, challenges that limit the use of this
                 mechanism; the most significant of these is the
                 semantic gap problem. Over the past decade, a
                 considerable amount of research has been carried out to
                 bridge the semantic gap and develop all kinds of
                 out-of-VM monitoring techniques and applications. By
                 tracing the evolution of out-of-VM security solutions,
                 this article examines and classifies different
                 approaches that have been proposed to overcome the
                 semantic gap-the fundamental challenge in
                 hypervisor-based monitoring-and how they have been used
                 to develop various security applications. In
                 particular, we review how the past approaches address
                 different constraints, such as practicality,
                 flexibility, coverage, and automation, while bridging
                 the semantic gap; how they have developed different
                 monitoring systems; and how the monitoring systems have
                 been applied and deployed. In addition to systematizing
                 all of the proposed techniques, we also discuss the
                 remaining research problems and shed light on the
                 future directions of hypervisor-based monitoring.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Bellavista:2015:VNF,
  author =       "Paolo Bellavista and Franco Callegati and Walter
                 Cerroni and Chiara Contoli and Antonio Corradi and Luca
                 Foschini and Alessandro Pernafini and Giuliano
                 Santandrea",
  title =        "Virtual network function embedding in real cloud
                 environments",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "93 (part 3)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "506--517",
  day =          "24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 3 09:50:31 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128615003588",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Beloglazov:2015:ONF,
  author =       "Anton Beloglazov and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "{OpenStack Neat}: a framework for dynamic and
                 energy-efficient consolidation of virtual machines in
                 {OpenStack} clouds",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1310--1333",
  day =          "10",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3314",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 19:54:07 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "17 Jun 2014",
}

@Article{Biedermann:2015:SDR,
  author =       "Alexander Biedermann and Sorin A. Huss and Adeel
                 Israr",
  title =        "Safe Dynamic Reshaping of Reconfigurable {MPSoC}
                 Embedded Systems for Self-Healing and Self-Adaption
                 Purposes",
  journal =      j-TRETS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2700416",
  ISSN =         "1936-7406 (print), 1936-7414 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1936-7406",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 5 08:47:01 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/trets.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) architectures
                 are a huge challenge in embedded system design. This
                 situation arises from the fact that available MPSoCs
                 and related designs flows are not tailored to the
                 specific needs of embedded systems. This work
                 demonstrates how to provide self-healing properties in
                 embedded MPSoC design. This is achieved by combining
                 the features of a generic approach to create
                 virtualizable MPSoCs out of off-the-shelf embedded
                 processors with a methodology to derive system
                 configurations, such as task-processor bindings, which
                 are optimal in terms of safety and execution time. The
                 virtualization properties enable a reshaping of the
                 MPSoC at runtime. Thus, system configurations may be
                 exchanged rapidly in a dynamic fashion. As a main
                 result of this work, embedded multiprocessor systems
                 are introduced, which dynamically adapt to changing
                 operating conditions, possible module defects, and
                 internal state changes. We demonstrate the figures of
                 merit of such reconfigurable MPSoC embedded systems by
                 means of a complex automotive application scenario
                 mapped to an FPGA featuring a virtualizable array of
                 eight soft-core processors.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and
                 Systems (TRETS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J1151",
}

@Article{Bila:2015:EOP,
  author =       "Nilton Bila and Eric J. Wright and Eyal {De Lara} and
                 Kaustubh Joshi and H. Andr{\'e}s Lagar-Cavilla and
                 Eunbyung Park and Ashvin Goel and Matti Hiltunen and
                 Mahadev Satyanarayanan",
  title =        "Energy-Oriented Partial Desktop Virtual Machine
                 Migration",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2699683",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 13 07:03:25 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tocs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Modern offices are crowded with personal computers.
                 While studies have shown these to be idle most of the
                 time, they remain powered, consuming up to 60\% of
                 their peak power. Hardware-based solutions engendered
                 by PC vendors (e.g., low-power states, Wake-on-LAN)
                 have proved unsuccessful because, in spite of user
                 inactivity, these machines often need to remain network
                 active in support of background applications that
                 maintain network presence. Recent proposals have
                 advocated the use of consolidation of idle desktop
                 Virtual Machines (VMs). However, desktop VMs are often
                 large, requiring gigabytes of memory. Consolidating
                 such VMs creates large network transfers lasting in the
                 order of minutes and utilizes server memory
                 inefficiently. When multiple VMs migrate concurrently,
                 networks become congested, and the resulting migration
                 latencies are prohibitive. We present partial VM
                 migration, an approach that transparently migrates only
                 the working set of an idle VM. It creates a partial
                 replica of the desktop VM on the consolidation server
                 by copying only VM metadata, and it transfers pages to
                 the server on-demand, as the VM accesses them. This
                 approach places desktop PCs in low-power mode when
                 inactive and switches them to running mode when pages
                 are needed by the VM running on the consolidation
                 server. To ensure that desktops save energy, we have
                 developed sleep scheduling and prefetching algorithms,
                 as well as the context-aware selective resume
                 framework, a novel approach to reduce the latency of
                 power mode transition operations in commodity PCs.
                 Jettison, our software prototype of partial VM
                 migration for off-the-shelf PCs, can deliver 44--91\%
                 energy savings during idle periods of at least 10
                 minutes, while providing low migration latencies of
                 about 4 seconds and migrating minimal state that is
                 under an order of magnitude of the VM's memory
                 footprint.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J774",
}

@Article{Birke:2015:WVM,
  author =       "Robert Birke and Mathias Bj{\"o}rkqvist and Cyriel
                 Minkenberg and Martin Schmatz and Lydia Y. Chen",
  title =        "When Virtual Meets Physical at the Edge: a Field Study
                 on Datacenters' Virtual Traffic",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "403--415",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2796314.2745865",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 18 06:59:51 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The wide deployment of virtualization in datacenters
                 catalyzes the emergence of virtual traffic that
                 delivers the network demands between the physical
                 network and the virtual machines hosting clients'
                 services. Virtual traffic presents new opportunities
                 for reducing physical network demands, as well as
                 challenges of increasing management complexity. Given
                 the plethora of prior art on virtualization
                 technologies in datacenters, surprisingly little is
                 still known about such virtual traffic, and its
                 dependence on the physical network and virtual
                 machines. This paper provides a multi-faceted analysis
                 of the patterns and impacts of multiplexing the virtual
                 traffic onto the physical network, particularly from
                 the perspective of the network edge. We use a large
                 collection of field data from production datacenters
                 hosting a large number of diversified services from
                 multiple enterprise tenants. Our first focus is on
                 uncovering the temporal and spatial characteristics of
                 the virtual and physical traffic, i.e., network demand
                 growth and communication patterns, with special
                 attention paid to the traffic of migrating virtual
                 machines. The second focus is on characterizing the
                 effect of network multiplexing in terms of
                 communication locality, traffic load heterogeneity, and
                 the dependency on CPU processing power at the edges of
                 the network. Last but not least, we conduct a mirroring
                 analysis on service QoS, defined by the service
                 unavailability induced by network related issues, e.g.,
                 loads. We qualitatively and quantitatively discuss the
                 implications and opportunities that virtual traffic
                 presents for network capacity planning of virtualized
                 networks and datacenters.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Boettiger:2015:IDR,
  author =       "Carl Boettiger",
  title =        "An introduction to {Docker} for reproducible
                 research",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--79",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2723872.2723882",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 21 06:46:22 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As computational work becomes more and more integral
                 to many aspects of scientific research, computational
                 reproducibility has become an issue of increasing
                 importance to computer systems researchers and domain
                 scientists alike. Though computational reproducibility
                 seems more straight forward than replicating physical
                 experiments, the complex and rapidly changing nature of
                 computer environments makes being able to reproduce and
                 extend such work a serious challenge. In this paper, I
                 explore common reasons that code developed for one
                 research project cannot be successfully executed or
                 extended by subsequent researchers. I review current
                 approaches to these issues, including virtual machines
                 and workflow systems, and their limitations. I then
                 examine how the popular emerging technology Docker
                 combines several areas from systems research --- such
                 as operating system virtualization, cross-platform
                 portability, modular re-usable elements, versioning,
                 and a 'DevOps' philosophy, to address these challenges.
                 I illustrate this with several examples of Docker use
                 with a focus on the R statistical environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Bolz:2015:IMT,
  author =       "Carl Friedrich Bolz and Laurence Tratt",
  title =        "The impact of meta-tracing on {VM} design and
                 implementation",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "98 (part 3)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "408--421",
  day =          "1",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 4 19:45:00 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642313000269",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423/",
}

@Article{Branco:2015:TFS,
  author =       "Adriano Branco and Francisco Sant'anna and Roberto
                 Ierusalimschy and Noemi Rodriguez and Silvana
                 Rossetto",
  title =        "{Terra}: Flexibility and Safety in Wireless Sensor
                 Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "59:1--59:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2811267",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 23 16:13:11 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Terra is a system for programming wireless sensor
                 network (WSN) applications. It combines the use of
                 configurable virtual machines with a reactive scripting
                 language that can be statically analyzed to avoid
                 unbounded execution and memory conflicts. This approach
                 allows the flexibility of remotely uploading code on
                 motes to be combined with a set of guarantees for the
                 programmer. The choice of the specific set of
                 components in a virtual machine configuration defines
                 the abstraction level seen by the application script.
                 We describe a specific component library built for
                 Terra, which we designed taking into account the
                 functionality commonly needed in WSN applications ---
                 typically for sense and control. We also discuss the
                 programming environment resulting from the combination
                 of a statically analyzable scripting language with this
                 library of components. Finally, we evaluate Terra by
                 measuring its overhead in a basic application and
                 discussing its use and cost in a typical monitoring WSN
                 scenario.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "59",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Bravo-Torres:2015:IVL,
  author =       "Jack Fernando Bravo-Torres and Mart{\'\i}n
                 L{\'o}pez-Nores and Yolanda Blanco-Fern{\'a}ndez and
                 Jos{\'e} Juan Pazos-Arias and Manuel Ramos-Cabrer and
                 Alberto Gil-Solla",
  title =        "An improved virtualization layer to support
                 distribution of multimedia contents in pervasive social
                 applications",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--17",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 8 15:46:39 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804515000120",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Bravo-Torres:2015:VVL,
  author =       "Jack F. Bravo-Torres and Mart{\'\i}n L{\'o}pez-Nores
                 and Yolanda Blanco-Fern{\'a}ndez and Jos{\'e} J.
                 Pazos-Arias and Esteban F. Ord{\'o}{\~n}ez-Morales",
  title =        "{VaNetLayer}: a virtualization layer supporting access
                 to web contents from within vehicular networks",
  journal =      j-J-COMPUT-SCI,
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "185--195",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2014.07.004",
  ISSN =         "1877-7503 (print), 1877-7511 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1877-7503",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 19 13:53:55 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcomputsci.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877750314001008",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Comput. Sci.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computational Science",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-computational-science",
}

@Article{Caballer:2015:PDC,
  author =       "Miguel Caballer and Dami{\'a}n Segrelles and
                 Germ{\'a}n Molt{\'o} and Ignacio Blanquer",
  title =        "A platform to deploy customized scientific virtual
                 infrastructures on the cloud",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "4318--4329",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3518",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 9 06:13:20 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "20 May 2015",
}

@Article{Cameron:2015:JFE,
  author =       "Callum Cameron and Jeremy Singer and David Vengerov",
  title =        "The judgment of {FORSETI}: economic utility for
                 dynamic heap sizing of multiple runtimes",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "143--156",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2887746.2754180",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:44 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We introduce the FORSETI system, which is a principled
                 approach for holistic memory management. It permits a
                 sysadmin to specify the total physical memory resource
                 that may be shared between all concurrent virtual
                 machines on a physical node. FORSETI models the heap
                 size versus application throughput for each virtual
                 machine, and seeks to maximize the combined throughput
                 of the set of VMs based on concepts from economic
                 utility theory. We evaluate the FORSETI system using a
                 standard Java managed runtime, i.e. OpenJDK. Our
                 results demonstrate that FORSETI enables dramatic
                 reductions (up to 5x) in heap footprint without
                 compromising application execution times.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Checco:2015:FVN,
  author =       "Alessandro Checco and Douglas J. Leith",
  title =        "Fair virtualization of 802.11 networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "148--160",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2013.2293501",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 28 06:01:29 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider virtualization of network capacity in
                 802.11 WLANs and mesh networks. We show that allocating
                 total airtime slices to ISPs is analogous to allocating
                 a fraction of available time-slots in TDMA. We
                 establish that the max-min fair flow rate allocation
                 within an ISP airtime slice can be characterized
                 independently of the rate allocation policy employed in
                 other slices. Building on these observations, we
                 present a lightweight, distributed algorithm for
                 allocating airtime slices among ISP and max-min fair
                 flow rates within each slice.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Chen:2015:LVS,
  author =       "Wenzhi Chen and Lei Xu and Guoxi Li and Yang Xiang",
  title =        "A Lightweight Virtualization Solution for {Android}
                 Devices",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2741--2751",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2015.2389791",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 06:51:51 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Chiang:2015:SEV,
  author =       "Ron C. Chiang and Sundaresan Rajasekaran and Nan Zhang
                 and H. Howie Huang",
  title =        "{Swiper}: Exploiting Virtual Machine Vulnerability in
                 Third-Party Clouds with Competition for {I/O}
                 Resources",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1732--1742",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2014.2325564",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 19:34:14 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/06/06824231-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/06/06824231-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Clifford:2015:MMD,
  author =       "Daniel Clifford and Hannes Payer and Michael Stanton
                 and Ben L. Titzer",
  title =        "Memento mori: dynamic allocation-site-based
                 optimizations",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "105--117",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2887746.2754181",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:44 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Languages that lack static typing are ubiquitous in
                 the world of mobile and web applications. The rapid
                 rise of larger applications like interactive web GUIs,
                 games, and cryptography presents a new range of
                 implementation challenges for modern virtual machines
                 to close the performance gap between typed and untyped
                 languages. While all languages can benefit from
                 efficient automatic memory management, languages like
                 JavaScript present extra thrill with innocent-looking
                 but difficult features like dynamically-sized arrays,
                 deletable properties, and prototypes. Optimizing such
                 languages requires complex dynamic techniques with more
                 radical object layout strategies such as dynamically
                 evolving representations for arrays. This paper
                 presents a general approach for gathering temporal
                 allocation site feedback that tackles both the general
                 problem of object lifetime estimation and improves
                 optimization of these problematic language features. We
                 introduce a new implementation technique where
                 allocation mementos processed by the garbage collector
                 and runtime system efficiently tie objects back to
                 allocation sites in the program and dynamically
                 estimate object lifetime, representation, and size to
                 inform three optimizations: pretenuring,
                 pretransitioning, and presizing. Unlike previous work
                 on pretenuring, our system utilizes allocation mementos
                 to achieve fully dynamic allocation-site-based
                 pretenuring in a production system. We implement all of
                 our techniques in V8, a high performance virtual
                 machine for JavaScript, and demonstrate solid
                 performance improvements across a range of
                 benchmarks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Coutinho:2015:OVM,
  author =       "Rafaelli de C. Coutinho and L{\'u}cia M. A. Drummond
                 and Yuri Frota and Daniel de Oliveira",
  title =        "Optimizing virtual machine allocation for parallel
                 scientific workflows in federated clouds",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "51--68",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 23 09:01:44 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X14002027",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Cui:2015:PPA,
  author =       "Lei Cui and Tianyu Wo and Bo Li and Jianxin Li and Bin
                 Shi and Jinpeng Huai",
  title =        "{PARS}: a Page-Aware Replication System for
                 Efficiently Storing Virtual Machine Snapshots",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "215--228",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731190",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine (VM) snapshot enhances the system
                 availability by saving the running state into stable
                 storage during failure-free execution and rolling back
                 to the snapshot point upon failures. Unfortunately, the
                 snapshot state may be lost due to disk failures, so
                 that the VM fails to be recovered. The popular
                 distributed file systems employ replication technique
                 to tolerate disk failures by placing redundant copies
                 across disperse disks. However, unless user-specific
                 personalization is provided, these systems consider the
                 data in the file as of same importance and create
                 identical copies of the entire file, leading to
                 non-trivial additional storage overhead. This paper
                 proposes a page-aware replication system (PARS) to
                 store VM snapshots efficiently. PARS employs VM
                 introspection technique to explore how a page is used
                 by guest, and classifies the pages by their importance
                 to system execution. If a page is critical, PARS
                 replicates it multiple copies to ensure high
                 availability and long-term durability. Otherwise, the
                 loss of this page causes no harm for system to work
                 properly, PARS therefore saves only one copy of the
                 page. Consequently, PARS improves storage efficiency
                 without compromising availability. We have implemented
                 PARS to justify its practicality. The experimental
                 results demonstrate that PARS achieves 53.9\% space
                 saving compared to the native replication approach in
                 HDFS which replicates the whole snapshot file fully and
                 identically.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Di:2015:ECP,
  author =       "Sheng Di and Franck Cappello",
  title =        "Extended Conference Papers: {GloudSim}: {Google} trace
                 based cloud simulator with virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1571--1590",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2303",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 8 18:03:22 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "7 Dec 2014",
}

@Article{Di:2015:OCC,
  author =       "Sheng Di and D. Kondo and Cho-Li Wang",
  title =        "Optimization of Composite Cloud Service Processing
                 with Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1755--1768",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2014.2329685",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 10 07:41:35 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Ding:2015:EES,
  author =       "Youwei Ding and Xiaolin Qin and Liang Liu and Taochun
                 Wang",
  title =        "Energy efficient scheduling of virtual machines in
                 cloud with deadline constraint",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "62--74",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 5 10:18:40 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15000369",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Dong:2015:VSB,
  author =       "YaoZu Dong and JunJie Mao and HaiBing Guan and Jian Li
                 and Yu Chen",
  title =        "A Virtualization Solution for {BYOD} With Dynamic
                 Platform Context Switching",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--43",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.2015.3",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 19:19:24 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/2015/01/mmi2015010034-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/2015/01/mmi2015010034-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
}

@Article{Ebrahimirad:2015:EAS,
  author =       "Vahid Ebrahimirad and Maziar Goudarzi and Aboozar
                 Rajabi",
  title =        "Energy-Aware Scheduling for Precedence-Constrained
                 Parallel Virtual Machines in Virtualized Data Centers",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "233--253",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-015-9327-x",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 8 12:08:29 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/13/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-015-9327-x",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Egger:2015:ERV,
  author =       "Bernhard Egger and Erik Gustafsson and Changyeon Jo
                 and Jeongseok Son",
  title =        "Efficiently Restoring Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "421--439",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-013-0295-0",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 8 12:34:16 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766/43/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10766-013-0295-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Article{Estrada:2015:PCT,
  author =       "Zachary John Estrada and Fei Deng and Zachary Stephens
                 and Cuong Pham and Zbigniew Kalbarczyk and Ravishankar
                 Iyer",
  title =        "Performance Comparison and Tuning of Virtual Machines
                 For Sequence Alignment Software",
  journal =      j-SCPE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1895-1767",
  ISSN-L =       "1895-1767",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 13 06:32:06 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.scpe.org/index.php/scpe/issue/view/126",
  URL =          "http://www.scpe.org/index.php/scpe/article/view/1061",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.scpe.org/",
}

@Article{Evoy:2015:ADP,
  author =       "Giacomo Mc Evoy and Antonio R. Mury and Bruno
                 Schulze",
  title =        "An analysis of definition and placement of virtual
                 machines for high performance applications on
                 {Clouds}",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1789--1814",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3346",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 19:54:07 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "13 Aug 2014",
}

@Article{Fan:2015:UCC,
  author =       "Hua Fan and Aditya Ramaraju and Marlon McKenzie and
                 Wojciech Golab and Bernard Wong",
  title =        "Understanding the causes of consistency anomalies in
                 {Apache Cassandra}",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "810--813",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 15 19:04:24 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "A recent paper on benchmarking eventual consistency
                 showed that when a constant workload is applied against
                 Cassandra, the staleness of values returned by read
                 operations exhibits interesting but unexplained
                 variations when plotted against time. In this paper we
                 reproduce this phenomenon and investigate in greater
                 depth the low-level mechanisms that give rise to stale
                 reads. We show that the staleness spikes exhibited by
                 Cassandra are strongly correlated with garbage
                 collection, particularly the ``stop-the-world'' phase
                 which pauses all application threads in a Java virtual
                 machine. We show experimentally that the staleness
                 spikes can be virtually eliminated by delaying read
                 operations artificially at servers immediately after a
                 garbage collection pause. In our experiments this
                 yields more than a 98\% reduction in the number of
                 consistency anomalies that exceed 5ms, and has
                 negligible impact on throughput and latency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1174",
}

@Article{Filiposka:2015:CBV,
  author =       "Sonja Filiposka and Anastas Mishev and Carlos Juiz",
  title =        "Community-based {VM} placement framework",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "4504--4528",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1546-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 25 08:18:10 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/71/12;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-015-1546-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Forsman:2015:AAL,
  author =       "Mattias Forsman and Andreas Glad and Lars Lundberg and
                 Dragos Ilie",
  title =        "Algorithms for automated live migration of virtual
                 machines",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "101",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "110--126",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 06:18:33 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121214002751",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212/",
}

@Article{Freudenberg:2015:SMP,
  author =       "Bert Freudenberg and Dan H. H. Ingalls and Tim
                 Felgentreff and Tobias Pape and Robert Hirschfeld",
  title =        "{SqueakJS}: a modern and practical smalltalk that runs
                 in any browser",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "57--66",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775052.2661100",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We report our experience in implementing SqueakJS, a
                 bit-compatible implementation of Squeak/Smalltalk
                 written in pure JavaScript. SqueakJS runs entirely in
                 the Web browser with a virtual filesystem that can be
                 directed to a server or client-side storage. Our
                 implementation is notable for simplicity and
                 performance gained through adaptation to the host
                 object memory and deployment leverage gained through
                 the Lively Web development environment. We present
                 several novel techniques as well as performance
                 measurements for the resulting virtual machine. Much of
                 this experience is potentially relevant to preserving
                 other dynamic language systems and making them
                 available in a browser-based environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DLS '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Gidra:2015:NGC,
  author =       "Lokesh Gidra and Ga{\"e}l Thomas and Julien Sopena and
                 Marc Shapiro and Nhan Nguyen",
  title =        "{NumaGiC}: a Garbage Collector for Big Data on Big
                 {NUMA} Machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "661--673",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775054.2694361",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "On contemporary cache-coherent Non-Uniform Memory
                 Access (ccNUMA) architectures, applications with a
                 large memory footprint suffer from the cost of the
                 garbage collector (GC), because, as the GC scans the
                 reference graph, it makes many remote memory accesses,
                 saturating the interconnect between memory nodes. We
                 address this problem with NumaGiC, a GC with a
                 mostly-distributed design. In order to maximise memory
                 access locality during collection, a GC thread avoids
                 accessing a different memory node, instead notifying a
                 remote GC thread with a message; nonetheless, NumaGiC
                 avoids the drawbacks of a pure distributed design,
                 which tends to decrease parallelism. We compare NumaGiC
                 with Parallel Scavenge and NAPS on two different ccNUMA
                 architectures running on the Hotspot Java Virtual
                 Machine of OpenJDK 7. On Spark and Neo4j, two
                 industry-strength analytics applications, with heap
                 sizes ranging from 160GB to 350GB, and on SPECjbb2013
                 and SPECjbb2005, our gc improves overall performance by
                 up to 45\% over NAPS (up to 94\% over Parallel
                 Scavenge), and increases the performance of the
                 collector itself by up to 3.6x over NAPS (up to 5.4x
                 over Parallel Scavenge).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Guo:2015:PBL,
  author =       "Fei Guo and Seongbeom Kim and Yury Baskakov and Ishan
                 Banerjee",
  title =        "Proactively Breaking Large Pages to Improve Memory
                 Overcommitment Performance in {VMware ESXi}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "39--51",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731187",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "VMware ESXi leverages hardware support for MMU
                 virtualization available in modern Intel/AMD CPUs. To
                 optimize address translation performance when running
                 on such CPUs, ESXi preferably uses host large pages
                 (2MB in x86-64 systems) to back VM's guest memory.
                 While using host large pages provides best performance
                 when host has sufficient free memory, it increases host
                 memory pressure and effectively defeats page sharing.
                 Hence, the host is more likely to hit the point where
                 ESXi has to reclaim VM memory through much more
                 expensive techniques such as ballooning or host
                 swapping. As a result, using host large pages may
                 significantly hurt consolidation ratio. To deal with
                 this problem, we propose a new host large page
                 management policy that allows to: (a) identify 'cold'
                 large pages and break them even when host has plenty of
                 free memory; (b) break all large pages proactively when
                 host free memory becomes scarce, but before the host
                 starts ballooning or swapping; (c) reclaim the small
                 pages within the broken large pages through page
                 sharing. With the new policy, the shareable small pages
                 can be shared much earlier and the amount of memory
                 that needs to be ballooned or swapped can be largely
                 reduced when host memory pressure is high. We also
                 propose an algorithm to dynamically adjust the page
                 sharing rate when proactively breaking large pages
                 using a VM large page shareability estimator for higher
                 efficiency. Experimental results show that the proposed
                 large page management policy can improve the
                 performance of various workloads up to 2.1x by
                 significantly reducing the amount of ballooned or
                 swapped memory when host memory pressure is high.
                 Applications still fully benefit from host large pages
                 when memory pressure is low.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Gupta:2015:HER,
  author =       "Vishal Gupta and Min Lee and Karsten Schwan",
  title =        "{HeteroVisor}: Exploiting Resource Heterogeneity to
                 Enhance the Elasticity of Cloud Platforms",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "79--92",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731191",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents HeteroVisor, a heterogeneity-aware
                 hypervisor, that exploits resource heterogeneity to
                 enhance the elasticity of cloud systems. Introducing
                 the notion of 'elasticity' (E) states, HeteroVisor
                 permits applications to manage their changes in
                 resource requirements as state transitions that
                 implicitly move their execution among heterogeneous
                 platform components. Masking the details of platform
                 heterogeneity from virtual machines, the E-state
                 abstraction allows applications to adapt their resource
                 usage in a fine-grained manner via VM-specific
                 'elasticity drivers' encoding VM-desired policies. The
                 approach is explored for the heterogeneous processor
                 and memory subsystems evolving for modern server
                 platforms, leading to mechanisms that can manage these
                 heterogeneous resources dynamically and as required by
                 the different VMs being run. HeteroVisor is implemented
                 for the Xen hypervisor, with mechanisms that go beyond
                 core scaling to also deal with memory resources, via
                 the online detection of hot memory pages and
                 transparent page migration. Evaluation on an emulated
                 heterogeneous platform uses workload traces from
                 real-world data, demonstrating the ability to provide
                 high on-demand performance while also reducing resource
                 usage for these workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Gupta:2015:LBO,
  author =       "Varun Gupta and Ana Radovanovic",
  title =        "{Lagrangian}-based Online Stochastic Bin Packing",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "467--468",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2796314.2745897",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 18 06:59:51 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Motivated by the problem of packing Virtual Machines
                 on physical servers in the cloud, we study the problem
                 of online stochastic bin packing under two settings ---
                 packing with permanent items, and packing under item
                 departures. In the setting with permanent items, we
                 present the first truly distribution-oblivious bin
                 packing heuristic that achieves $ O(\sqrt n) $ regret
                 compared to OPT for all distributions. Our algorithm is
                 essentially gradient descent on suitably defined
                 Lagrangian relaxation of the bin packing Linear
                 Program. We also prove guarantees of our heuristic
                 against non i.i.d. input using a randomly delayed
                 Lyapunov function to smoothen the input. For the
                 setting where items eventually depart, we are
                 interested in minimizing the steady-state number of
                 bins. Our algorithm extends as is to the case of item
                 departures. Further, leveraging the Lagrangian
                 approach, we generalize our algorithm to a setting
                 where the processing time of an item is inflated by a
                 certain known factor depending on the configuration it
                 is packed in.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Hsu:2015:LLA,
  author =       "Ching-Hsien Hsu and Kenn D. Slagter and Yeh-Ching
                 Chung",
  title =        "Locality and loading aware virtual machine mapping
                 techniques for optimizing communications in {MapReduce}
                 applications",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "43--54",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 08:56:12 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15000989",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Hume:2015:SCS,
  author =       "Tom Hume and Des Watson",
  title =        "Short Communication: Is superoptimization viable for
                 {VM} instruction sets?",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "571--579",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2240",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 14 10:39:31 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "21 Nov 2013",
}

@Article{Hussein:2015:DRM,
  author =       "Ahmed Hussein and Antony L. Hosking and Mathias Payer
                 and Christopher A. Vick",
  title =        "Don't race the memory bus: taming the {GC} leadfoot",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "15--27",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2887746.2754182",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:44 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is
                 ubiquitous on mobile devices as a mechanism for saving
                 energy. Reducing the clock frequency of a processor
                 allows a corresponding reduction in power consumption,
                 as does turning off idle cores. Garbage collection is a
                 canonical example of the sort of memory-bound workload
                 that best responds to such scaling. Here, we explore
                 the impact of frequency scaling for garbage collection
                 in a real mobile device running Android's Dalvik
                 virtual machine, which uses a concurrent collector. By
                 controlling the frequency of the core on which the
                 concurrent collector thread runs we can reduce power
                 significantly. Running established multi-threaded
                 benchmarks shows that total processor energy can be
                 reduced up to 30\%, with end-to-end performance loss of
                 at most 10\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Hwang:2015:RPA,
  author =       "Woomin Hwang and Ki-Woong Park and Kyu Ho Park",
  title =        "Reference Pattern-Aware Instant Memory Balancing for
                 Consolidated Virtual Machines on Manycores",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "2036--2050",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2014.2340854",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 3 11:58:51 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/07/06860294-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/07/06860294-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Ilkhechi:2015:NAV,
  author =       "Amir Rahimzadeh Ilkhechi and Ibrahim Korpeoglu and
                 {\"O}zg{\"u}r Ulusoy",
  title =        "Network-aware virtual machine placement in cloud data
                 centers with multiple traffic-intensive components",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "91",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "508--527",
  day =          "14",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 19 06:36:12 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128615003023",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Jaffer:2015:IRD,
  author =       "Shehbaz Jaffer and Piyus Kedia and Sorav Bansal",
  title =        "Improving Remote Desktopping Through Adaptive
                 Record\slash Replay",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "161--172",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731193",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Accessing the display of a computer remotely, is
                 popularly called remote desktopping. Remote desktopping
                 software installs at both the user-facing client
                 computer and the remote server computer; it simulates
                 user's input events at server, and streams the
                 corresponding display changes to client, thus providing
                 an illusion to the user of controlling the remote
                 machine using local input devices (e.g.,
                 keyboard/mouse). Many such remote desktopping tools are
                 widely used. We show that if the remote server is a
                 virtual machine (VM) and the client is reasonably
                 powerful (e.g., current laptop and desktop grade
                 hardware), VM deterministic replay capabilities can be
                 used adaptively to significantly reduce the network
                 bandwidth consumption and server-side CPU utilization
                 of a remote desktopping tool. We implement these
                 optimizations in a tool based on Qemu/KVM
                 virtualization platform and VNC remote desktopping
                 platform. Our tool reduces VNC's network bandwidth
                 consumption by up to 9x and server-side CPU utilization
                 by up to 56\% for popular graphics-intensive
                 applications. On the flip side, our techniques consume
                 higher CPU/memory/disk resources at the client. The
                 effect of our optimizations on user-perceived latency
                 is negligible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Jarray:2015:DAV,
  author =       "Abdallah Jarray and Ahmed Karmouch",
  title =        "Decomposition approaches for virtual network embedding
                 with one-shot node and link mapping",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1012--1025",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2014.2312928",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 14 16:10:54 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Network virtualization is a promising new resource
                 management approach that allows customized virtual
                 networks (VNs) to be multiplexed on a shared physical
                 infrastructure. In this paper, our focus is on the
                 embedding of VN resources onto this infrastructure.
                 Since this problem is known to be NP-hard, embedding
                 proposals in literature are heuristic-based approaches
                 that restrict the problem space in different
                 dimensions. Limitations of these proposals are: (1) as
                 embedding of VN links and nodes is performed in two
                 separate stages, it may ensue in a high blocking of VN
                 requests and a less efficient usage of substrate
                 resources; and (2) as pricing of embedding resources is
                 based on linear functions, it triggers no competition
                 among VN users in order to maximize infrastructure
                 provider profits. These drawbacks motivate us to
                 propose a mathematical model that makes use of
                 large-scale optimization tools and proposes a Column
                 Generation (CG) formulation of the problem, coupled
                 with branch-and-bound technique or rounding-off
                 heuristic. We also propose a periodical planning of
                 embedding process where profitable VN requests are
                 selected through an auction mechanism. In our
                 experiments with different substrate network topologies
                 and many different VN request patterns, we show a clear
                 advantage of auction-based CG models over present
                 benchmarks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Jarraya:2015:VFR,
  author =       "Yosr Jarraya and Arash Eghtesadi and Sahba Sadri and
                 Mourad Debbabi and Makan Pourzandi",
  title =        "Verification of firewall reconfiguration for virtual
                 machines migrations in the cloud",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "93 (part 3)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "480--491",
  day =          "24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 3 09:50:31 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138912861500376X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Jia:2015:DRA,
  author =       "Xiaohua Jia and Jinhai Wang and Chuanhe Huang and Qin
                 Liu and Kai He and Jing Wang and Peng Li",
  title =        "Dynamic resource allocation based on energy utility
                 maximization using virtual machines in cloud
                 environment",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-SYST-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CSSEEI",
  ISSN =         "0267-6192",
  ISSN-L =       "0267-6192",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 2 09:35:33 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsystscieng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Computer Systems Science and
                 Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.crlpublishing.co.uk/csse",
}

@Article{Jin:2015:CCC,
  author =       "Hai Jin and Hanfeng Qin and Song Wu and Xuerong Guo",
  title =        "{CCAP}: A Cache Contention-Aware Virtual Machine
                 Placement Approach for {HPC} Cloud",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "403--420",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-013-0286-1",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 8 12:34:16 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766/43/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10766-013-0286-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Article{Jin:2015:HAS,
  author =       "Seongwook Jin and Jinho Seol and Jaehyuk Huh and
                 Seungryoul Maeng",
  title =        "Hardware-Assisted Secure Resource Accounting under a
                 Vulnerable Hypervisor",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "201--213",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731203",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With the proliferation of cloud computing to outsource
                 computation in remote servers, the accountability of
                 computational resources has emerged as an important new
                 challenge for both cloud users and providers. Among the
                 cloud resources, CPU and memory are difficult to verify
                 their actual allocation, since the current
                 virtualization techniques attempt to hide the
                 discrepancy between physical and virtual allocations
                 for the two resources. This paper proposes an online
                 verifiable resource accounting technique for CPU and
                 memory allocation for cloud computing. Unlike prior
                 approaches for cloud resource accounting, the proposed
                 accounting mechanism, called Hardware-assisted Resource
                 Accounting (HRA), uses the hardware support for system
                 management mode (SMM) and virtualization to provide
                 secure resource accounting, even if the hypervisor is
                 compromised. Using a secure isolated execution support
                 of SMM, this study investigates two aspects of
                 verifiable resource accounting for cloud systems.
                 First, this paper presents how the hardware-assisted
                 SMM and virtualization techniques can be used to
                 implement the secure resource accounting mechanism even
                 under a compromised hypervisor. Second, the paper
                 investigates a sample-based resource accounting
                 technique to minimize performance overheads. Using a
                 statistical random sampling method, the technique
                 estimates the overall CPU and memory allocation status
                 with 99\%~100\% accuracies and performance degradations
                 of 0.1\%~0.5\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Jin:2015:HSH,
  author =       "Seongwook Jin and Jeongseob Ahn and Jinho Seol and
                 Sanghoon Cha and Jaehyuk Huh and Seungryoul Maeng",
  title =        "{H-SVM}: Hardware-Assisted Secure Virtual Machines
                 under a Vulnerable Hypervisor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2833--2846",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2015.2389792",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 06:51:51 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Jin:2015:PSV,
  author =       "Dong Jin and David M. Nicol",
  title =        "Parallel Simulation and Virtual-Machine-Based
                 Emulation of Software-Defined Networks",
  journal =      j-TOMACS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ATMCEZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2834116",
  ISSN =         "1049-3301 (print), 1558-1195 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1049-3301",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 8 07:39:46 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tomacs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tomacs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The emerging software-defined networking (SDN)
                 technology decouples the control plane from the data
                 plane in a computer network with open and standardized
                 interfaces, and hence opens up the network designers'
                 options and ability to innovate. The wide adoption of
                 SDN in industry has motivated the development of
                 large-scale, high-fidelity testbeds for evaluation of
                 systems that incorporate SDN. In this article, we
                 develop a framework to support OpenFlow-based SDN
                 simulation and distributed emulation, by leveraging our
                 prior work on a hybrid network testbed with a parallel
                 network simulator and a virtual-machine-based emulation
                 system. We show how to exploit typical SDN controller
                 behaviors to handle performance issues caused by the
                 centralized controller in parallel discrete-event
                 simulation. In particular, we develop an asynchronous
                 synchronization algorithm for passive SDN controllers
                 and design a two-level architecture for active SDN
                 controllers. We evaluate the system performance,
                 showing good scalability. Finally, we present a case
                 study, using the testbed, to evaluate network
                 verification applications in an SDN-based data center
                 network.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J781",
}

@Article{Kavvadia:2015:EVM,
  author =       "Eleni Kavvadia and Spyros Sagiadinos and Konstantinos
                 Oikonomou and Giorgos Tsioutsiouliklis and Sonia
                 A{\"\i}ssa",
  title =        "Elastic virtual machine placement in cloud computing
                 network environments",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "93 (part 3)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "435--447",
  day =          "24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 3 09:50:31 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128615003631",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Kereki:2015:CCC,
  author =       "Federico Kereki",
  title =        "Concerning containers' connections: on {Docker}
                 networking",
  journal =      j-LINUX-J,
  volume =       "2015",
  number =       "254",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "LIJOFX",
  ISSN =         "1075-3583 (print), 1938-3827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1075-3583",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 22 17:33:58 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux-journal.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2807680",
  abstract =     "Link and weave containers to build systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "Linux Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J508",
}

@Article{Kim:2015:CBR,
  author =       "Chulmin Kim and Kyu Ho Park",
  title =        "Credit-Based Runtime Placement of Virtual Machines on
                 a Single {NUMA} System for {QoS} of Data Access
                 Performance",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1633--1646",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2014.2329671",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 10 07:41:35 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Kim:2015:PMS,
  author =       "Changhyeon Kim and Changho Jeon and Wonjoo Lee and
                 Sungil Yang",
  title =        "A parallel migration scheme for fast virtual machine
                 relocation on a cloud cluster",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "4623--4645",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1563-0",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 25 08:18:10 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/71/12;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-015-1563-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kim:2015:UWM,
  author =       "Huioon Kim and Kyungwon Chun and Hyounggyu Kim and
                 Youngjoo Chung",
  title =        "Utilization of workflow management system for virtual
                 machine instance management on cloud",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "5350--5373",
  day =          "10",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3579",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 9 06:13:20 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "24 Jul 2015",
}

@Article{Kyle:2015:ADA,
  author =       "Stephen Kyle and Hugh Leather and Bj{\"o}rn Franke and
                 Dave Butcher and Stuart Monteith",
  title =        "Application of Domain-aware Binary Fuzzing to Aid
                 {Android} Virtual Machine Testing",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "121--132",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731198",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The development of a new application virtual machine
                 (VM), like the creation of any complex piece of
                 software, is a bug-prone process. In version 5.0, the
                 widely-used Android operating system has changed from
                 the Dalvik VM to the newly-developed ART VM to execute
                 Android applications. As new iterations of this VM are
                 released, how can the developers aim to reduce the
                 number of potentially security-threatening bugs that
                 make it into the final product? In this paper we
                 combine domain-aware binary fuzzing and differential
                 testing to produce DexFuzz, a tool that exploits the
                 presence of multiple modes of execution within a VM to
                 test for defects. These modes of execution include the
                 interpreter and a runtime that executes ahead-of-time
                 compiled code. We find and present a number of bugs in
                 the in-development version of ART in the Android Open
                 Source Project. We also assess DexFuzz's ability to
                 highlight defects in the experimental version of ART
                 released in the previous version of Android, 4.4,
                 finding 189 crashing programs and 15 divergent programs
                 that indicate defects after only 5,000 attempts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Lama:2015:CPP,
  author =       "P. Lama and Xiaobo Zhou",
  title =        "Coordinated Power and Performance Guarantee with Fuzzy
                 {MIMO} Control in Virtualized Server Clusters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--111",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2013.184",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 21 08:56:46 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Accuracy; Adaptation models; artificial neural
                 network; coordinated power; fuzzy control; fuzzy logic;
                 fuzzy MIMO control; Internet; MIMO; MIMO systems;
                 multi-tier Internet applications; multi-tier internet
                 services; multiple input multiple output control;
                 percentile-based response time; performance guarantee;
                 PERFUME system; power aware computing; Power budget;
                 power budget; power consumption; Power demand;
                 Predictive models; proactive control; representative
                 utility based approach; self adaptation; server
                 virtualization; Servers; system throughput; Time
                 factors; virtualisation; virtualized blade servers;
                 virtualized server clusters",
}

@Article{Li:2015:ARP,
  author =       "Zengxiang Li and Wentong Cai and Stephen John Turner
                 and Xiaorong Li and Ta Nguyen Binh Duong and Rick Siow
                 Mong Goh",
  title =        "Adaptive Resource Provisioning Mechanism in {VEEs} for
                 Improving Performance of {HLA}-Based Simulations",
  journal =      j-TOMACS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ATMCEZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2717309",
  ISSN =         "1049-3301 (print), 1558-1195 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1049-3301",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 8 07:39:46 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tomacs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tomacs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Parallel and distributed simulations (or High-Level
                 Architecture (HLA)-based simulations) employing
                 optimistic synchronization allow federates to advance
                 simulation time freely at the risk of overoptimistic
                 executions and execution rollbacks. As a result, the
                 simulation performance may degrade significantly due to
                 the simulation workload imbalance among federates. In
                 this article, we investigate the execution of parallel
                 and distributed simulations on Cloud and data centers
                 with Virtual Execution Environments (VEEs). In order to
                 speed up simulation execution, an Adaptive Resource
                 Provisioning Mechanism in Virtual Execution
                 Environments (ArmVee) is proposed. It is composed of a
                 performance monitor and a resource manager. The former
                 measures federate performance transparently to the
                 simulation application. The latter distributes
                 available resources among federates based on the
                 measured federate performance. Federates with different
                 simulation workloads are thus able to advance their
                 simulation times with comparable speeds, thus are able
                 to avoid wasting time and resources on overoptimistic
                 executions and execution rollbacks. ArmVee is evaluated
                 using a real-world simulation model with various
                 simulation workload inputs and different parameter
                 settings. The experimental results show that ArmVee is
                 able to speed up the simulation execution
                 significantly. In addition, it also greatly reduces
                 memory usage and is scalable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J781",
}

@Article{Li:2015:GHB,
  author =       "Dan Li and Jing Zhu and Jianping Wu and Junjie Guan
                 and Ying Zhang",
  title =        "Guaranteeing heterogeneous bandwidth demand in
                 multitenant data center networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1648--1660",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2014.2341246",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 5 18:36:30 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The ability to provide guaranteed network bandwidth
                 for tenants is essential to the prosperity of cloud
                 computing platforms, as it is a critical step for
                 offering predictable performance to applications.
                 Despite its importance, it is still an open problem for
                 efficient network bandwidth sharing in a multitenant
                 environment, especially when applications have diverse
                 bandwidth requirements. More precisely, it is not only
                 that different tenants have distinct demands, but also
                 that one tenant may want to assign bandwidth
                 differently across her virtual machines (VMs), i.e.,
                 the heterogeneous bandwidth requirements. In this
                 paper, we tackle the problem of VM allocation with
                 bandwidth guarantee in multitenant data center
                 networks. We first propose an online VM allocation
                 algorithm that improves on the accuracy of the existing
                 work. Next, we develop a VM allocation algorithm under
                 heterogeneous bandwidth demands. We conduct extensive
                 simulations to demonstrate the efficiency of our
                 method.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Li:2015:ITA,
  author =       "Jianxin Li and Jieyu Zhao and Yi Li and Lei Cui and Bo
                 Li and Lu Liu and John Panneerselvam",
  title =        "{iMIG}: Toward an Adaptive Live Migration Method for
                 {KVM} Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1227--1242",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxu065",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 12 10:18:23 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/6.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/6/1227",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "July 22, 2014",
}

@Article{Li:2015:VMP,
  author =       "Kangkang Li and Huanyang Zheng and Jie Wu and
                 Xiaojiang Du",
  title =        "Virtual machine placement in cloud systems through
                 migration process",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PAR-EMER-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "393--410",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2014.931957",
  ISSN =         "1744-5760 (print), 1744-5779 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1744-5760",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 08:24:26 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparemerdistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/gpaa20/30/5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and
                 Distributed Systems: IJPEDS",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gpaa20",
}

@Article{Liao:2015:NMA,
  author =       "Xiaofei Liao and Hai Jin and Shizhan Yu and Yu Zhang",
  title =        "A novel memory allocation scheme for memory energy
                 reduction in virtualization environment",
  journal =      j-J-COMP-SYS-SCI,
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "JCSSBM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2014.06.018",
  ISSN =         "0022-0000 (print), 1090-2724 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0022-0000",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 29 15:27:27 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcompsyssci.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022000014001056",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computer and System Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00220000",
}

@Article{Lin:2015:SGU,
  author =       "Yi Lin and Kunshan Wang and Stephen M. Blackburn and
                 Antony L. Hosking and Michael Norrish",
  title =        "Stop and go: understanding yieldpoint behavior",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "70--80",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2887746.2754187",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:44 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Yieldpoints are critical to the implementation of high
                 performance garbage collected languages, yet the design
                 space is not well understood. Yieldpoints allow a
                 running program to be interrupted at well-defined
                 points in its execution, facilitating exact garbage
                 collection, biased locking, on-stack replacement,
                 profiling, and other important virtual machine
                 behaviors. In this paper we identify and evaluate
                 yieldpoint design choices, including previously
                 undocumented designs and optimizations. One of the
                 designs we identify opens new opportunities for very
                 low overhead profiling. We measure the frequency with
                 which yieldpoints are executed and establish a
                 methodology for evaluating the common case execution
                 time overhead. We also measure the median and worst
                 case time-to-yield. We find that Java benchmarks
                 execute about 100M yieldpoints per second, of which
                 about 1/20000 are taken. The average execution time
                 overhead for untaken yieldpoints on the VM we use
                 ranges from 2.5\% to close to zero on modern hardware,
                 depending on the design, and we find that the designs
                 trade off total overhead with worst case time-to-yield.
                 This analysis gives new insight into a critical but
                 overlooked aspect of garbage collector implementation,
                 and identifies a new optimization and new opportunities
                 for very low overhead profiling.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Liu:2015:HBC,
  author =       "Haikun Liu and Hai Jin and Xiaofei Liao and Wei Deng
                 and Bingsheng He and Cheng-zhong Xu",
  title =        "Hotplug or Ballooning: A Comparative Study on Dynamic
                 Memory Management Techniques for Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1350--1363",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2014.2320915",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 19:34:11 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/05/06807799-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/05/06807799-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Liu:2015:VCL,
  author =       "Haikun Liu and Bingsheng He",
  title =        "{VMbuddies}: Coordinating Live Migration of Multi-Tier
                 Applications in Cloud Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1192--1205",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2014.2316152",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 19:34:08 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/04/06784491-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/04/06784491-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Ludwig:2015:DCM,
  author =       "Arne Ludwig and Stefan Schmid",
  title =        "Distributed Cloud Market: Who Benefits from
                 Specification Flexibilities?",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "38--41",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2847220.2847230",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 11 08:25:00 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is arguably the main innovation motor
                 in the Internet today. Virtualization enables the
                 decoupling of applications from the physical
                 infrastructure, and introduces new mapping and
                 scheduling flexibilities. While the corresponding
                 algorithmic problems are fairly well-understood, we
                 ask: Who reaps the benefits from the virtualization
                 flexibilities? We introduce two simple distributed
                 cloud market models and study this question in two
                 dimensions: (1) a horizontal market where different
                 cloud providers compete for the customer requests, and
                 (2) a vertical market where a broker resells the
                 resources of a cloud provider.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Ma:2015:SDS,
  author =       "Jiuyue Ma and Xiufeng Sui and Ninghui Sun and Yupeng
                 Li and Zihao Yu and Bowen Huang and Tianni Xu and
                 Zhicheng Yao and Yun Chen and Haibin Wang and Lixin
                 Zhang and Yungang Bao",
  title =        "Supporting Differentiated Services in Computers via
                 Programmable Architecture for Resourcing-on-Demand
                 {(PARD)}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "131--143",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775054.2694382",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents PARD, a programmable architecture
                 for resourcing-on-demand that provides a new
                 programming interface to convey an application's
                 high-level information like quality-of-service
                 requirements to the hardware. PARD enables new
                 functionalities like fully hardware-supported
                 virtualization and differentiated services in
                 computers. PARD is inspired by the observation that a
                 computer is inherently a network in which hardware
                 components communicate via packets (e.g., over the NoC
                 or PCIe). We apply principles of software-defined
                 networking to this intra-computer network and address
                 three major challenges. First, to deal with the
                 semantic gap between high-level applications and
                 underlying hardware packets, PARD attaches a high-level
                 semantic tag (e.g., a virtual machine or thread ID) to
                 each memory-access, I/O, or interrupt packet. Second,
                 to make hardware components more manageable, PARD
                 implements programmable control planes that can be
                 integrated into various shared resources (e.g., cache,
                 DRAM, and I/O devices) and can differentially process
                 packets according to tag-based rules. Third, to
                 facilitate programming, PARD abstracts all control
                 planes as a device file tree to provide a uniform
                 programming interface via which users create and apply
                 tag-based rules. Full-system simulation results show
                 that by co-locating latency-critical memcached
                 applications with other workloads PARD can improve a
                 four-core computer's CPU utilization by up to a factor
                 of four without significantly increasing tail latency.
                 FPGA emulation based on a preliminary RTL
                 implementation demonstrates that the cache control
                 plane introduces no extra latency and that the memory
                 control plane can reduce queueing delay for
                 high-priority memory-access requests by up to a factor
                 of 5.6.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Mann:2015:AVM,
  author =       "Zolt{\'a}n {\'A}d{\'a}m Mann",
  title =        "Allocation of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers
                 --- A Survey of Problem Models and Optimization
                 Algorithms",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2797211",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 30 17:08:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Data centers in public, private, and hybrid cloud
                 settings make it possible to provision virtual machines
                 (VMs) with unprecedented flexibility. However,
                 purchasing, operating, and maintaining the underlying
                 physical resources incurs significant monetary costs
                 and environmental impact. Therefore, cloud providers
                 must optimize the use of physical resources by a
                 careful allocation of VMs to hosts, continuously
                 balancing between the conflicting requirements on
                 performance and operational costs. In recent years,
                 several algorithms have been proposed for this
                 important optimization problem. Unfortunately, the
                 proposed approaches are hardly comparable because of
                 subtle differences in the used problem models. This
                 article surveys the used problem formulations and
                 optimization algorithms, highlighting their strengths
                 and limitations, and pointing out areas that need
                 further research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Mann:2015:RRE,
  author =       "Zolt{\'a}n {\'A}d{\'a}m Mann",
  title =        "Rigorous results on the effectiveness of some
                 heuristics for the consolidation of virtual machines in
                 a cloud data center",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--6",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 08:56:11 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15000965",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Nejad:2015:SPV,
  author =       "Bijan Chokoufe Nejad and Thorsten Ohl and J{\"u}rgen
                 Reuter",
  title =        "Simple, parallel virtual machines for extreme
                 computations",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "196",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "58--69",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 22 13:45:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465515001952",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655/",
}

@Article{Nejad:2015:TGM,
  author =       "Mahyar Movahed Nejad and Lena Mashayekhy and Daniel
                 Grosu",
  title =        "Truthful Greedy Mechanisms for Dynamic Virtual Machine
                 Provisioning and Allocation in Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "594--603",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 12 13:58:35 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/02/06748071-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/02/06748071-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Ngo:2015:RES,
  author =       "Minh Ngo and Fabio Massacci and Dimiter Milushev and
                 Frank Piessens",
  title =        "Runtime Enforcement of Security Policies on Black Box
                 Reactive Programs",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--54",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775051.2676978",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Security enforcement mechanisms like execution
                 monitors are used to make sure that some untrusted
                 program complies with a policy. Different enforcement
                 mechanisms have different strengths and weaknesses and
                 hence it is important to understand the qualities of
                 various enforcement mechanisms. This paper studies
                 runtime enforcement mechanisms for reactive programs.
                 We study the impact of two important constraints that
                 many practical enforcement mechanisms satisfy: (1) the
                 enforcement mechanism must handle each input/output
                 event in finite time and on occurrence of the event (as
                 opposed to for instance Ligatti's edit automata that
                 have the power to buffer events for an arbitrary amount
                 of time), and (2) the enforcement mechanism treats the
                 untrusted program as a black box: it can monitor and/or
                 edit the input/output events that the program exhibits
                 on execution and it can explore alternative executions
                 of the program by running additional copies of the
                 program and providing these different inputs. It can
                 not inspect the source or machine code of the untrusted
                 program. Such enforcement mechanisms are important in
                 practice: they include for instance many execution
                 monitors, virtual machine monitors, and secure
                 multi-execution or shadow executions. We establish
                 upper and lower bounds for the class of policies that
                 are enforceable by such black box mechanisms, and we
                 propose a generic enforcement mechanism that works for
                 a wide range of policies. We also show how our generic
                 enforcement mechanism can be instantiated to enforce
                 specific classes of policies, at the same time showing
                 that many existing enforcement mechanisms are optimized
                 instances of our construction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "POPL '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Nowatzki:2015:ASC,
  author =       "Tony Nowatzki and Jaikrishnan Menon and Chen-Han Ho
                 and Karthikeyan Sankaralingam",
  title =        "Architectural Simulators Considered Harmful",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "4--12",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.2015.74",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 4 18:19:52 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/2015/06/mmi2015060004-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/2015/06/mmi2015060004-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
}

@Article{Oliveira:2015:ORE,
  author =       "Rodrigo R. Oliveira and Daniel S. Marcon and Leonardo
                 R. Bays and Miguel C. Neves and Luciano P. Gaspary and
                 Deep Medhi and Marinho P. Barcellos",
  title =        "{Opportunistic Resilience Embedding (ORE)}: Toward
                 cost-efficient resilient virtual networks",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "89",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "59--77",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.07.010",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 8 19:39:32 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128615002339",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Multipath embedding; Multiple paths; Network
                 virtualization; Resilience; Survivability; Virtual
                 network embedding",
}

@Article{Omote:2015:IAE,
  author =       "Yushi Omote and Takahiro Shinagawa and Kazuhiko Kato",
  title =        "Improving Agility and Elasticity in Bare-metal
                 Clouds",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "145--159",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775054.2694349",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Bare-metal clouds are an emerging
                 infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) that leases physical
                 machines (bare-metal instances) rather than virtual
                 machines, allowing resource-intensive applications to
                 have exclusive access to physical hardware.
                 Unfortunately, bare-metal instances require
                 time-consuming or OS-specific tasks for deployment due
                 to the lack of virtualization layers, thereby
                 sacrificing several beneficial features of traditional
                 IaaS clouds such as agility, elasticity, and OS
                 transparency. We present BMcast, an OS deployment
                 system with a special-purpose de-virtualizable virtual
                 machine monitor (VMM) that supports quick and
                 OS-transparent startup of bare-metal instances. BMcast
                 performs streaming OS deployment while allowing direct
                 access to physical hardware from the guest OS, and then
                 disappears after completing the deployment. Quick
                 startup of instances improves agility and elasticity
                 significantly, and OS transparency greatly simplifies
                 management tasks for cloud customers. Experimental
                 results have confirmed that BMcast initiated a
                 bare-metal instance 8.6 times faster than image
                 copying, and database performance on BMcast during
                 streaming OS deployment was comparable to that on a
                 state-of-the-art VMM without performing deployment.
                 BMcast incurred zero overhead after
                 de-virtualization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Pfefferle:2015:HVF,
  author =       "Jonas Pfefferle and Patrick Stuedi and Animesh Trivedi
                 and Bernard Metzler and Ionnis Koltsidas and Thomas R.
                 Gross",
  title =        "A Hybrid {I/O} Virtualization Framework for
                 {RDMA}-capable Network Interfaces",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "17--30",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731200",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "DMA-capable interconnects, providing ultra-low latency
                 and high bandwidth, are increasingly being used in the
                 context of distributed storage and data processing
                 systems. However, the deployment of such systems in
                 virtualized data centers is currently inhibited by the
                 lack of a flexible and high-performance virtualization
                 solution for RDMA network interfaces. In this work, we
                 present a hybrid virtualization architecture which
                 builds upon the concept of separation of paths for
                 control and data operations available in RDMA. With
                 hybrid virtualization, RDMA control operations are
                 virtualized using hypervisor involvement, while data
                 operations are set up to bypass the hypervisor
                 completely. We describe HyV (Hybrid Virtualization), a
                 virtualization framework for RDMA devices implementing
                 such a hybrid architecture. In the paper, we provide a
                 detailed evaluation of HyV for different RDMA
                 technologies and operations. We further demonstrate the
                 advantages of HyV in the context of a real distributed
                 system by running RAMCloud on a set of HyV-enabled
                 virtual machines deployed across a 6-node RDMA cluster.
                 All of the performance results we obtained illustrate
                 that hybrid virtualization enables bare-metal RDMA
                 performance inside virtual machines while retaining the
                 flexibility typically associated with
                 paravirtualization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Pham:2015:SRD,
  author =       "Quan Pham and Severin Thaler and Tanu Malik and Ian
                 Foster and Boris Glavic",
  title =        "Sharing and reproducing database applications",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1988--1991",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.14778/2824032.2824118",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  ISSN-L =       "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 16 18:23:11 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "Sharing and repeating scientific applications is
                 crucial for verifying claims, reproducing experimental
                 results (e.g., to repeat a computational experiment
                 described in a publication), and promoting reuse of
                 complex applications. The predominant methods of
                 sharing and making applications repeatable are building
                 a companion web site and/or provisioning a virtual
                 machine image (VMI). Recently, application
                 virtualization (AV), has emerged as a light-weight
                 alternative for sharing and efficient repeatability. AV
                 approaches such as Linux Containers create a
                 chroot-like environment [4], while approaches such as
                 CDE [1] trace system calls during application execution
                 to copy all binaries, data, and software dependencies
                 into a self-contained package.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "VLDB Journal: Very Large Data Bases",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J869",
}

@Article{Pignolet:2015:ATD,
  author =       "Yvonne Anne Pignolet and Stefan Schmid and Gilles
                 Tredan",
  title =        "Adversarial topology discovery in network
                 virtualization environments: a threat for {ISPs}?",
  journal =      j-DISTRIB-COMPUT,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "91--109",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "DICOEB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00446-014-0217-4",
  ISSN =         "0178-2770 (print), 1432-0452 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0178-2770",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 1 08:49:26 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/distribcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00446-014-0217-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Distrib. comput.",
  fjournal =     "Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://link.springer.com/journal/446",
}

@Article{Rastogi:2015:SEG,
  author =       "Aseem Rastogi and Nikhil Swamy and C{\'e}dric Fournet
                 and Gavin Bierman and Panagiotis Vekris",
  title =        "Safe \& Efficient Gradual Typing for {TypeScript}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "167--180",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775051.2676971",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:19 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Current proposals for adding gradual typing to
                 JavaScript, such as Closure, TypeScript and Dart, forgo
                 soundness to deal with issues of scale, code reuse, and
                 popular programming patterns. We show how to address
                 these issues in practice while retaining soundness. We
                 design and implement a new gradual type system,
                 prototyped for expediency as a 'Safe' compilation mode
                 for TypeScript. Our compiler achieves soundness by
                 enforcing stricter static checks and embedding residual
                 runtime checks in compiled code. It emits plain
                 JavaScript that runs on stock virtual machines. Our
                 main theorem is a simulation that ensures that the
                 checks introduced by Safe TypeScript (1) catch any
                 dynamic type error, and (2) do not alter the semantics
                 of type-safe TypeScript code. Safe TypeScript is
                 carefully designed to minimize the performance overhead
                 of runtime checks. At its core, we rely on two new
                 ideas: differential subtyping, a new form of coercive
                 subtyping that computes the minimum amount of runtime
                 type information that must be added to each object; and
                 an erasure modality, which we use to safely and
                 selectively erase type information. This allows us to
                 scale our design to full-fledged TypeScript, including
                 arrays, maps, classes, inheritance, overloading, and
                 generic types. We validate the usability and
                 performance of Safe TypeScript empirically by
                 type-checking and compiling around 120,000 lines of
                 existing TypeScript source code. Although runtime
                 checks can be expensive, the end-to-end overhead is
                 small for code bases that already have type
                 annotations. For instance, we bootstrap the Safe
                 TypeScript compiler (90,000 lines including the base
                 TypeScript compiler): we measure a 15\% runtime
                 overhead for type safety, and also uncover programming
                 errors as type safety violations. We conclude that, at
                 least during development and testing, subjecting
                 JavaScript/TypeScript programs to safe gradual typing
                 adds significant value to source type annotations at a
                 modest cost.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "POPL '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Reano:2015:IUE,
  author =       "Carlos Rea{\~n}o and Federico Silla and Adri{\'a}n
                 Castell{\'o} and Antonio J. Pe{\~n}a and Rafael Mayo
                 and Enrique S. Quintana-Ort{\'\i} and Jos{\'e} Duato",
  title =        "Improving the user experience of the {rCUDA} remote
                 {GPU} virtualization framework",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "3746--3770",
  day =          "25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3409",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 28 09:32:54 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "10 Oct 2014",
}

@Article{Roy:2015:SCP,
  author =       "Arpan Roy and Santonu Sarkar and Rajeshwari Ganesan
                 and Geetika Goel",
  title =        "Secure the Cloud: From the Perspective of a
                 Service-Oriented Organization",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "41:1--41:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2693841",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 16 18:47:49 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In response to the revival of virtualized technology
                 by Rosenblum and Garfinkel [2005], NIST defined cloud
                 computing, a new paradigm in service computing
                 infrastructures. In cloud environments, the basic
                 security mechanism is ingrained in virtualization ---
                 that is, the execution of instructions at different
                 privilege levels. Despite its obvious benefits, the
                 caveat is that a crashed virtual machine (VM) is much
                 harder to recover than a crashed workstation. When
                 crashed, a VM is nothing but a giant corrupt binary
                 file and quite unrecoverable by standard disk-based
                 forensics. Therefore, VM crashes should be avoided at
                 all costs. Security is one of the major contributors to
                 such VM crashes. This includes compromising the
                 hypervisor, cloud storage, images of VMs used
                 infrequently, and remote cloud client used by the
                 customer as well as threat from malicious insiders.
                 Although using secure infrastructures such as private
                 clouds alleviate several of these security problems,
                 most cloud users end up using cheaper options such as
                 third-party infrastructures (i.e., private clouds),
                 thus a thorough discussion of all known security issues
                 is pertinent. Hence, in this article, we discuss
                 ongoing research in cloud security in order of the
                 attack scenarios exploited most often in the cloud
                 environment. We explore attack scenarios that call for
                 securing the hypervisor, exploiting co-residency of
                 VMs, VM image management, mitigating insider threats,
                 securing storage in clouds, abusing lightweight
                 software-as-a-service clients, and protecting data
                 propagation in clouds. Wearing a practitioner's
                 glasses, we explore the relevance of each attack
                 scenario to a service company like Infosys. At the same
                 time, we draw parallels between cloud security research
                 and implementation of security solutions in the form of
                 enterprise security suites for the cloud. We discuss
                 the state of practice in the form of enterprise
                 security suites that include cryptographic solutions,
                 access control policies in the cloud, new techniques
                 for attack detection, and security quality assurance in
                 clouds.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "41",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Sard:2015:PPC,
  author =       "Petter S{\"a}rd and Benoit Hudzia and Steve Walsh and
                 Johan Tordsson and Erik Elmroth",
  title =        "Principles and Performance Characteristics of
                 Algorithms for Live {VM} Migration",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "142--155",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2723872.2723894",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 21 06:46:22 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigops.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Since first demonstrated by Clark et al. in 2005, live
                 migration of virtual machines has both become a
                 standard feature of hypervisors and created an active
                 field of research. However, the rich ongoing research
                 in live migration focus mainly on performance
                 improvements to well-known techniques, most of them
                 being variations of the Clark approach. In order to
                 advance live migration beyond incremental performance
                 improvements, it is important to gain a deeper
                 understanding of the live migration problem itself and
                 its underlying principles. To address this issue, this
                 contribution takes a step back and investigates the
                 essential characteristics of live migration. The paper
                 identifies five fundamental properties of live
                 migration and uses these to investigate, categorize,
                 and compare three approaches to live migration:
                 precopy, postcopy and hybrid. The evaluated algorithms
                 include well-known techniques derived from that of
                 Clark as well as novel RDMA in-kernel approaches. Our
                 analysis of the fundamental properties of the
                 algorithms is validated by a set of experiments. In
                 these, we migrate virtual machines with large memory
                 sizes hosting workloads with high page dirtying rates
                 to expose differences and limitations of the different
                 approaches. Finally, we provide guidelines for which
                 approach to use in different scenarios.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Singh:2015:TVC,
  author =       "Rayman Preet Singh and Tim Brecht and S. Keshav",
  title =        "Towards {VM} Consolidation Using a Hierarchy of Idle
                 States",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "107--119",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731195",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Typical VM consolidation approaches re-pack VMs into
                 fewer physical machines, resulting in energy and cost
                 savings [13, 19, 23, 40]. Recent work has explored a
                 just-in time approach to VM consolidation by
                 transitioning VMsto an inactive state when idle and
                 activating them on the arrival of client requests[17,
                 21]. This leads to increased VM density at the cost of
                 an increase in client request latency (called miss
                 penalty ). The VM density so obtained, although
                 greater, is still limited by the number of VMs that can
                 be hosted in the one inactive state. If idle VMs were
                 hosted in multiple inactive states, VM density can be
                 increased further while ensuring small miss penalties.
                 However, VMs in different inactive states have
                 different capacities, activation times, and resource
                 requirements. Therefore, a key question is: How should
                 VMs be transitioned between different states to
                 minimize the expected miss penalty? This paper explores
                 the hosting of idle VMs in a hierarchy of multiple such
                 inactive states, and studies the effect of different
                 idle VMmanagement policies on VMdensity and miss
                 penalties. We formulate a mathematical model for the
                 problem, and provide a theoretical lower bound on the
                 miss penalty. Using an off-the-shelf virtualization
                 solution (LXC [2]), we demonstrate how the required
                 model parameters can be obtained. We evaluate a variety
                 of policies and quantify their miss penalties for
                 different VM densities. We observe that some policies
                 consolidate up to 550 VMs per machine with average miss
                 penalties smaller than 1 ms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Steindorfer:2015:OHA,
  author =       "Michael J. Steindorfer and Jurgen J. Vinju",
  title =        "Optimizing hash-array mapped tries for fast and lean
                 immutable {JVM} collections",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "783--800",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2858965.2814312",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:43 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The data structures under-pinning collection API (e.g.
                 lists, sets, maps) in the standard libraries of
                 programming languages are used intensively in many
                 applications. The standard libraries of recent Java
                 Virtual Machine languages, such as Clojure or Scala,
                 contain scalable and well-performing immutable
                 collection data structures that are implemented as
                 Hash-Array Mapped Tries (HAMTs). HAMTs already feature
                 efficient lookup, insert, and delete operations,
                 however due to their tree-based nature their memory
                 footprints and the runtime performance of iteration and
                 equality checking lag behind array-based counterparts.
                 This particularly prohibits their application in
                 programs which process larger data sets. In this paper,
                 we propose changes to the HAMT design that increase the
                 overall performance of immutable sets and maps. The
                 resulting general purpose design increases cache
                 locality and features a canonical representation. It
                 outperforms Scala's and Clojure's data structure
                 implementations in terms of memory footprint and
                 runtime efficiency of iteration (1.3-6.7x) and equality
                 checking (3-25.4x).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Steinert:2015:OVS,
  author =       "Bastian Steinert and Lauritz Thamsen and Tim
                 Felgentreff and Robert Hirschfeld",
  title =        "Object versioning to support recovery needs: using
                 proxies to preserve previous development states in
                 lively",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "113--124",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2775052.2661093",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 17:41:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We present object versioning as a generic approach to
                 preserve access to previous development and application
                 states. Version-aware references can manage the
                 modifications made to the target object and record
                 versions as desired. Such references can be provided
                 without modifications to the virtual machine. We used
                 proxies to implement the proposed concepts and
                 demonstrate the Lively Kernel running on top of this
                 object versioning layer. This enables Lively users to
                 undo the effects of direct manipulation and other
                 programming actions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DLS '14 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Suneja:2015:EVI,
  author =       "Sahil Suneja and Canturk Isci and Eyal de Lara and
                 Vasanth Bala",
  title =        "Exploring {VM} Introspection: Techniques and
                 Trade-offs",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "133--146",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731196",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "While there are a variety of existing virtual machine
                 introspection (VMI) techniques, their latency,
                 overhead, complexity and consistency trade-offs are not
                 clear. In this work, we address this gap by first
                 organizing the various existing VMI techniques into a
                 taxonomy based upon their operational principles, so
                 that they can be put into context. Next we perform a
                 thorough exploration of their trade-offs both
                 qualitatively and quantitatively. We present a
                 comprehensive set of observations and best practices
                 for efficient, accurate and consistent VMI operation
                 based on our experiences with these techniques. Our
                 results show the stunning range of variations in
                 performance, complexity and overhead with different VMI
                 techniques.We further present a deep dive on VMI
                 consistency aspects to understand the sources of
                 inconsistency in observed VM state and show that,
                 contrary to common expectation, pause-and-introspect
                 based VMI techniques achieve very little to improve
                 consistency despite their substantial performance
                 impact.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Tu:2015:CIE,
  author =       "Cheng-Chun Tu and Michael Ferdman and Chao-tung Lee
                 and Tzi-cker Chiueh",
  title =        "A Comprehensive Implementation and Evaluation of
                 Direct Interrupt Delivery",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1--15",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731189",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As the performance overhead associated with CPU and
                 memory virtualization becomes largely negligible,
                 research efforts are directed toward reducing the I/O
                 virtualization overhead, which mainly comes from two
                 sources: DMA set-up and payload copy, and interrupt
                 delivery. The advent of SRIOV and MRIOV effectively
                 reduces the DMA-related virtualization overhead to a
                 minimum. Therefore, the last battleground for
                 minimizing virtualization overhead is how to directly
                 deliver every interrupt to its target VM without
                 involving the hypervisor. This paper describes the
                 design, implementation, and evaluation of a KVM-based
                 direct interrupt delivery system called DID. DID
                 delivers interrupts from SRIOV devices, virtual
                 devices, and timers to their target VMs directly,
                 completely avoiding VM exits. Moreover, DID does not
                 require any modifications to the VM's operating system
                 and preserves the correct priority among interrupts in
                 all cases. We demonstrate that DID reduces the number
                 of VM exits by a factor of 100 for I/O-intensive
                 workloads, decreases the interrupt invocation latency
                 by 80\%, and improves the throughput of a VM running
                 Memcached by a factor of 3.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Upadhyaya:2015:EML,
  author =       "Ganesha Upadhyaya and Hridesh Rajan",
  title =        "Effectively mapping linguistic abstractions for
                 message-passing concurrency to threads on the {Java
                 Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "840--859",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2858965.2814289",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:43 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Efficient mapping of message passing concurrency (MPC)
                 abstractions to Java Virtual Machine (JVM) threads is
                 critical for performance, scalability, and CPU
                 utilization; but tedious and time consuming to perform
                 manually. In general, this mapping cannot be found in
                 polynomial time, but we show that by exploiting the
                 local characteristics of MPC abstractions and their
                 communication patterns this mapping can be determined
                 effectively. We describe our MPC abstraction to thread
                 mapping technique, its realization in two frameworks
                 (Panini and Akka), and its rigorous evaluation using
                 several benchmarks from representative MPC frameworks.
                 We also compare our technique against four default
                 mapping techniques: thread-all, round-robin-task-all,
                 random-task-all and work-stealing. Our evaluation shows
                 that our mapping technique can improve the performance
                 by 30\%-60\% over default mapping techniques. These
                 improvements are due to a number of challenges
                 addressed by our technique namely: (i) balancing the
                 computations across JVM threads, (ii) reducing the
                 communication overheads, (iii) utilizing information
                 about cache locality, and (iv) mapping MPC abstractions
                 to threads in a way that reduces the contention between
                 JVM threads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wang:2015:DAA,
  author =       "Hui Wang and Canturk Isci and Lavanya Subramanian and
                 Jongmoo Choi and Depei Qian and Onur Mutlu",
  title =        "{A-DRM}: Architecture-aware Distributed Resource
                 Management of Virtualized Clusters",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "93--106",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731202",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization technologies has been widely adopted by
                 large-scale cloud computing platforms. These
                 virtualized systems employ distributed resource
                 management (DRM) to achieve high resource utilization
                 and energy savings by dynamically migrating and
                 consolidating virtual machines. DRM schemes usually use
                 operating-system-level metrics, such as CPU
                 utilization, memory capacity demand and I/O
                 utilization, to detect and balance resource contention.
                 However, they are oblivious to microarchitecture-level
                 resource interference (e.g., memory bandwidth
                 contention between different VMs running on a host),
                 which is currently not exposed to the operating system.
                 We observe that the lack of visibility into
                 microarchitecture-level resource interference
                 significantly impacts the performance of virtualized
                 systems. Motivated by this observation, we propose a
                 novel architecture-aware DRM scheme (ADRM), that takes
                 into account microarchitecture-level resource
                 interference when making migration decisions in a
                 virtualized cluster. ADRM makes use of three core
                 techniques: (1) a profiler to monitor the
                 microarchitecture-level resource usage behavior online
                 for each physical host, (2) a memory bandwidth
                 interference model to assess the interference degree
                 among virtual machines on a host, and (3) a
                 cost-benefit analysis to determine a candidate virtual
                 machine and a host for migration. Real system
                 experiments on thirty randomly selected combinations of
                 applications from the CPU2006, PARSEC, STREAM, NAS
                 Parallel Benchmark suites in a four-host virtualized
                 cluster show that ADRM can improve performance by up to
                 26.55\%, with an average of 9.67\%, compared to
                 traditional DRM schemes that lack visibility into
                 microarchitecture-level resource utilization and
                 contention.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wang:2015:HPI,
  author =       "Zhe Wang and Jianjun Li and Chenggang Wu and Dongyan
                 Yang and Zhenjiang Wang and Wei-Chung Hsu and Bin Li
                 and Yong Guan",
  title =        "{HSPT}: Practical Implementation and Efficient
                 Management of Embedded Shadow Page Tables for
                 Cross-{ISA} System Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "53--64",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731188",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Cross-ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) system-level
                 virtual machine has a significant research and
                 practical value. For example, several recently
                 announced virtual smart phones for iOS which run smart
                 phone applications on x86 based PCs are deployed on
                 cross-ISA system level virtual machines. Also, for
                 mobile device application development, by emulating the
                 Android/ARM environment on the more powerful x86-64
                 platform, application development and debugging become
                 more convenient and productive. However, the
                 virtualization layer often incurs high performance
                 overhead. The key overhead comes from memory
                 virtualization where a guest virtual address (GVA) must
                 go through multi-level address translation to become a
                 host physical address (HPA). The Embedded Shadow Page
                 Table (ESPT) approach has been proposed to effectively
                 decrease this address translation cost. ESPT directly
                 maps GVA to HPA, thus avoid the lengthy guest virtual
                 to guest physical, guest physical to host virtual, and
                 host virtual to host physical address translation.
                 However, the original ESPT work has a few drawbacks.
                 For example, its implementation relies on a loadable
                 kernel module (LKM) to manage the shadow page table.
                 Using LKMs is less desirable for system virtual
                 machines due to portability, security and
                 maintainability concerns. Our work proposes a
                 different, yet more practical, implementation to
                 address the shortcomings. Instead of relying on using
                 LKMs, our approach adopts a shared memory mapping
                 scheme to maintain the shadow page table (SPT) using
                 only ''mmap'' system call. Furthermore, this work
                 studies the support of SPT for multi-processing in
                 greater details. It devices three different SPT
                 organizations and evaluates their strength and weakness
                 with standard and real Android applications on the
                 system virtual machine which emulates the Android/ARM
                 platform on x86-64 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wang:2015:HRR,
  author =       "Jihe Wang and Meikang Qiu and Bing Guo",
  title =        "High reliable real-time bandwidth scheduling for
                 virtual machines with hidden {Markov} predicting in
                 telehealth platform",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "68--76",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 29 07:41:59 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1400154X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Wang:2015:IJV,
  author =       "Yang Wang and Kenneth B. Kent and Graeme Johnson",
  title =        "Improving {J9} virtual machine with {LTTng} for
                 efficient and effective tracing",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "973--987",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2282",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 19:41:36 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "29 Jul 2014",
}

@Article{Weng:2015:TEI,
  author =       "Chuliang Weng and Jianfeng Zhan and Yuan Luo",
  title =        "{TSAC}: Enforcing Isolation of Virtual Machines in
                 Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1470--1482",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2014.2322608",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 19:46:44 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Wessel:2015:IMD,
  author =       "Sascha Wessel and Manuel Huber and Frederic Stumpf and
                 Claudia Eckert",
  title =        "Improving mobile device security with operating
                 system-level virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "207--220",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 23 09:46:42 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404815000206",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Wood:2015:CDP,
  author =       "Timothy Wood and K. K. Ramakrishnan and Prashant
                 Shenoy and Jacobus {Van Der Merwe} and Jinho Hwang and
                 Guyue Liu and Lucas Chaufournier",
  title =        "{CloudNet}: dynamic pooling of cloud resources by live
                 {WAN} migration of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1568--1583",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2014.2343945",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 5 18:36:30 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization technology and the ease with which
                 virtual machines (VMs) can be migrated within the LAN
                 have changed the scope of resource management from
                 allocating resources on a single server to manipulating
                 pools of resources within a data center. We expect WAN
                 migration of virtual machines to likewise transform the
                 scope of provisioning resources from a single data
                 center to multiple data centers spread across the
                 country or around the world. In this paper, we present
                 the CloudNet architecture consisting of cloud computing
                 platforms linked with a virtual private network
                 (VPN)-based network infrastructure to provide seamless
                 and secure connectivity between enterprise and cloud
                 data center sites. To realize our vision of efficiently
                 pooling geographically distributed data center
                 resources, CloudNet provides optimized support for live
                 WAN migration of virtual machines. Specifically, we
                 present a set of optimizations that minimize the cost
                 of transferring storage and virtual machine memory
                 during migrations over low bandwidth and high-latency
                 Internet links. We evaluate our system on an
                 operational cloud platform distributed across the
                 continental US. During simultaneous migrations of four
                 VMs between data centers in Texas and Illinois,
                 CloudNet's optimizations reduce memory migration time
                 by 65\% and lower bandwidth consumption for the storage
                 and memory transfer by 19 GB, a 50\% reduction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Wu:2015:WHS,
  author =       "Zhenyu Wu and Zhang Xu and Haining Wang",
  title =        "Whispers in the hyper-space: high-bandwidth and
                 reliable covert channel attacks inside the cloud",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "603--614",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2014.2304439",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 28 06:01:29 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Privacy and information security in general are major
                 concerns that impede enterprise adaptation of shared or
                 public cloud computing. Specifically, the concern of
                 virtual machine (VM) physical co-residency stems from
                 the threat that hostile tenants can leverage various
                 forms of side channels (such as cache covert channels)
                 to exfiltrate sensitive information of victims on the
                 same physical system. However, on virtualized x86
                 systems, covert channel attacks have not yet proven to
                 be practical, and thus the threat is widely considered
                 a ``potential risk.'' In this paper, we present a novel
                 covert channel attack that is capable of high-bandwidth
                 and reliable data transmission in the cloud. We first
                 study the application of existing cache channel
                 techniques in a virtualized environment and uncover
                 their major insufficiency and difficulties. We then
                 overcome these obstacles by: (1) redesigning a pure
                 timing-based data transmission scheme, and (2)
                 exploiting the memory bus as a high-bandwidth covert
                 channel medium. We further design and implement a
                 robust communication protocol and demonstrate realistic
                 covert channel attacks on various virtualized x86
                 systems. Our experimental results show that covert
                 channels do pose serious threats to information
                 security in the cloud. Finally, we discuss our insights
                 on covert channel mitigation in virtualized
                 environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Xie:2015:PDC,
  author =       "Qiaomin Xie and Xiaobo Dong and Yi Lu and Rayadurgam
                 Srikant",
  title =        "Power of $d$ Choices for Large-Scale Bin Packing: a
                 Loss Model",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "321--334",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2796314.2745849",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 18 06:59:51 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We consider a system of $N$ parallel servers, where
                 each server consists of B units of a resource. Jobs
                 arrive at this system according to a Poisson process,
                 and each job stays in the system for an exponentially
                 distributed amount of time. Each job may request
                 different units of the resource from the system. The
                 goal is to understand how to route arriving jobs to the
                 servers to minimize the probability that an arriving
                 job does not find the required amount of resource at
                 the server, i.e., the goal is to minimize blocking
                 probability. The motivation for this problem arises
                 from the design of cloud computing systems in which the
                 jobs are virtual machines (VMs) that request resources
                 such as memory from a large pool of servers. In this
                 paper, we consider power-of- d -choices routing, where
                 a job is routed to the server with the largest amount
                 of available resource among $ d \geq 2$ randomly chosen
                 servers. We consider a fluid model that corresponds to
                 the limit as N goes to infinity and provide an explicit
                 upper bound for the equilibrium blocking probability.
                 We show that the upper bound exhibits different
                 behavior as B goes to infinity depending on the
                 relationship between the total traffic intensity
                 \lambda and B. In particular, if $ (B - \lambda) /
                 \sqrt {\lambda } \to \alpha $, the upper bound is
                 doubly exponential in $ \sqrt {\lambda }$ and if $ (B -
                 \lambda) / \log_d \lambda \to \beta $, $ \beta > 1$,
                 the upper bound is exponential in $ \lambda $.
                 Simulation results show that the blocking probability,
                 even for small B, exhibits qualitatively different
                 behavior in the two traffic regimes. This is in
                 contrast with the result for random routing, where the
                 blocking probability scales as $ O (1 / \sqrt \lambda)$
                 even if $ (B - \lambda) / \sqrt {\lambda } \to \alpha
                 $.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Xie:2015:SSV,
  author =       "Ruitao Xie and Yonggang Wen and Xiaohua Jia and
                 Haiyong Xie",
  title =        "Supporting Seamless Virtual Machine Migration via
                 Named Data Networking in Cloud Data Center",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3485--3497",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2014.2377119",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 06:28:07 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/12/06975186-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/12/06975186-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Xing:2015:OIB,
  author =       "Bin Xing and Zhen Han and Xiaolin Chang and Jiqiang
                 Liu",
  title =        "{OB--IMA}: out-of-the-box integrity measurement
                 approach for guest virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1092--1109",
  day =          "10",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3273",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 19:54:07 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "11 Apr 2014",
}

@Article{Xu:2015:RSV,
  author =       "Xiaolin Xu and Hai Jin and Song Wu and Yihong Wang",
  title =        "Rethink the storage of virtual machine images in
                 clouds",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "75--86",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 5 10:18:40 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X14001885",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Yao:2015:MEV,
  author =       "Hong Yao and Changmin Bai and Deze Zeng and Qingzhong
                 Liang and Yuanyuan Fan",
  title =        "Migrate or not? {Exploring} virtual machine migration
                 in roadside cloudlet-based vehicular cloud",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "5780--5792",
  day =          "25",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3642",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 9 06:13:20 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "7 Oct 2015",
}

@Article{Ye:2015:PBW,
  author =       "Kejiang Ye and Zhaohui Wu and Chen Wang and Bing Bing
                 Zhou and Weisheng Si and Xiaohong Jiang and Albert Y.
                 Zomaya",
  title =        "Profiling-Based Workload Consolidation and Migration
                 in Virtualized Data Centers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "878--890",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 12 13:58:36 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/03/06777568-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2015/03/06777568-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Yi:2015:ESF,
  author =       "Qiuping Yi and Zijiang Yang and Jian Liu and Chen Zhao
                 and Chao Wang",
  title =        "Explaining Software Failures by Cascade Fault
                 Localization",
  journal =      j-TODAES,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "41:1--41:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ATASFO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2738038",
  ISSN =         "1084-4309 (print), 1557-7309 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-4309",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 7 08:47:44 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/todaes/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/todaes.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "During software debugging, a significant amount of
                 effort is required for programmers to identify the root
                 cause of a manifested failure. In this article, we
                 propose a cascade fault localization method to help
                 speed up this labor-intensive process via a combination
                 of weakest precondition computation and constraint
                 solving. Our approach produces a cause tree, where each
                 node is a potential cause of the failure and each edge
                 represents a casual relationship between two causes.
                 There are two main contributions of this article that
                 differentiate our approach from existing methods.
                 First, our method systematically computes all potential
                 causes of a failure and augments each cause with a
                 proper context for ease of comprehension by the user.
                 Second, our method organizes the potential causes in a
                 tree structure to enable on-the-fly pruning based on
                 domain knowledge and feedback from the user. We have
                 implemented our new method in a software tool called
                 CaFL, which builds upon the LLVM compiler and KLEE
                 symbolic virtual machine. We have conducted experiments
                 on a large set of public benchmarks, including real
                 applications from GNU Coreutils and Busybox. Our
                 results show that in most cases the user has to examine
                 only a small fraction of the execution trace before
                 identifying the root cause of the failure.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "41",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J776",
}

@Article{Yoginath:2015:EPD,
  author =       "Srikanth B. Yoginath and Kalyan S. Perumalla",
  title =        "Efficient Parallel Discrete Event Simulation on
                 Cloud\slash Virtual Machine Platforms",
  journal =      j-TOMACS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "ATMCEZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2746232",
  ISSN =         "1049-3301 (print), 1558-1195 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1049-3301",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 8 07:39:46 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tomacs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tomacs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Cloud and Virtual Machine (VM) technologies present
                 new challenges with respect to performance and monetary
                 cost in executing parallel discrete event simulation
                 (PDES) applications. Due to the introduction of overall
                 cost as a metric, the traditional use of the
                 highest-end computing configuration is no longer the
                 most obvious choice. Moreover, the unique runtime
                 dynamics and configuration choices of Cloud and VM
                 platforms introduce new design considerations and
                 runtime characteristics specific to PDES over
                 Cloud/VMs. Here, an empirical study is presented to
                 help understand the dynamics, trends, and trade-offs in
                 executing PDES on Cloud/VM platforms. Performance and
                 cost measures obtained from multiple PDES applications
                 executed on the Amazon EC2 Cloud and on a high-end VM
                 host machine reveal new, counterintuitive VM--PDES
                 dynamics and guidelines. One of the critical aspects
                 uncovered is the fundamental mismatch in hypervisor
                 scheduler policies designed for general Cloud workloads
                 versus the virtual time ordering needed for PDES
                 workloads. This insight is supported by experimental
                 data revealing the gross deterioration in PDES
                 performance traceable to VM scheduling policy. To
                 overcome this fundamental problem, the design and
                 implementation of a new deadlock-free scheduler
                 algorithm are presented, optimized specifically for
                 PDES applications on VMs. The scalability of our
                 scheduler has been tested in up to 128 VMs multiplexed
                 on 32 cores, showing significant improvement in the
                 runtime relative to the default Cloud/VM scheduler. The
                 observations, algorithmic design, and results are
                 timely for emerging Cloud/VM-based installations,
                 highlighting the need for PDES-specific support in
                 high-performance discrete event simulations on Cloud/VM
                 platforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J781",
}

@Article{You:2015:VFO,
  author =       "Yi-Ping You and Hen-Jung Wu and Yeh-Ning Tsai and
                 Yen-Ting Chao",
  title =        "{VirtCL}: a framework for {OpenCL} device abstraction
                 and management",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "161--172",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2858788.2688505",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The interest in using multiple graphics processing
                 units (GPUs) to accelerate applications has increased
                 in recent years. However, the existing heterogeneous
                 programming models (e.g., OpenCL) abstract details of
                 GPU devices at the per-device level and require
                 programmers to explicitly schedule their kernel tasks
                 on a system equipped with multiple GPU devices.
                 Unfortunately, multiple applications running on a
                 multi-GPU system may compete for some of the GPU
                 devices while leaving other GPU devices unused.
                 Moreover, the distributed memory model defined in
                 OpenCL, where each device has its own memory space,
                 increases the complexity of managing the memory among
                 multiple GPU devices. In this article we propose a
                 framework (called VirtCL) that reduces the programming
                 burden by acting as a layer between the programmer and
                 the native OpenCL run-time system for abstracting
                 multiple devices into a single virtual device and for
                 scheduling computations and communications among the
                 multiple devices. VirtCL comprises two main components:
                 (1) a front-end library, which exposes primary OpenCL
                 APIs and the virtual device, and (2) a back-end
                 run-time system (called CLDaemon) for scheduling and
                 dispatching kernel tasks based on a history-based
                 scheduler. The front-end library forwards computation
                 requests to the back-end CLDaemon, which then schedules
                 and dispatches the requests. We also propose a
                 history-based scheduler that is able to schedule kernel
                 tasks in a contention- and communication-aware manner.
                 Experiments demonstrated that the VirtCL framework
                 introduced a small overhead (mean of 6\%) but
                 outperformed the native OpenCL run-time system for most
                 benchmarks in the Rodinia benchmark suite, which was
                 due to the abstraction layer eliminating the
                 time-consuming initialization of OpenCL contexts. We
                 also evaluated different scheduling policies in VirtCL
                 with a real-world application (clsurf) and various
                 synthetic workload traces. The results indicated that
                 the VirtCL framework provides scalability for multiple
                 kernel tasks running on multi-GPU systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PPoPP '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Younge:2015:SHP,
  author =       "Andrew J. Younge and John Paul Walters and Stephen P.
                 Crago and Geoffrey C. Fox",
  title =        "Supporting High Performance Molecular Dynamics in
                 Virtualized Clusters using {IOMMU}, {SR-IOV}, and
                 {GPUDirect}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "31--38",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731194",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service paradigms have
                 recently shown their utility for a vast array of
                 computational problems, ranging from advanced web
                 service architectures to high throughput computing.
                 However, many scientific computing applications have
                 been slow to adapt to virtualized cloud frameworks.
                 This is due to performance impacts of virtualization
                 technologies, coupled with the lack of advanced
                 hardware support necessary for running many high
                 performance scientific applications at scale. By using
                 KVM virtual machines that leverage both Nvidia GPUs and
                 InfiniBand, we show that molecular dynamics simulations
                 with LAMMPS and HOOMD run at near-native speeds. This
                 experiment also illustrates how virtualized
                 environments can support the latest parallel computing
                 paradigms, including both MPI+CUDA and new GPUDirect
                 RDMA functionality. Specific findings show initial
                 promise in scaling of such applications to larger
                 production deployments targeting large scale
                 computational workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zabolotnyi:2015:JCG,
  author =       "Rostyslav Zabolotnyi and Philipp Leitner and Waldemar
                 Hummer and Schahram Dustdar",
  title =        "{JCloudScale}: Closing the Gap Between {IaaS} and
                 {PaaS}",
  journal =      j-TOIT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10:1--10:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2792980",
  ISSN =         "1533-5399 (print), 1557-6051 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1533-5399",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 19 18:06:52 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/toit/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Building Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
                 applications today is a complex, repetitive, and
                 error-prone endeavor, as IaaS does not provide
                 abstractions on top of virtual machines. This article
                 presents JCloudScale, a Java-based middleware for
                 moving elastic applications to IaaS clouds, with
                 minimal adjustments to the application code. We discuss
                 the architecture and technical features, as well as
                 evaluate our system with regard to user acceptance and
                 performance overhead. Our user study reveals that
                 JCloudScale allows many participants to build IaaS
                 applications more efficiently, compared to industrial
                 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solutions. Additionally,
                 unlike PaaS, JCloudScale does not lead to a control
                 loss and vendor lock-in.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "10",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J780",
}

@Article{Zeng:2015:PPH,
  author =       "Junyuan Zeng and Yangchun Fu and Zhiqiang Lin",
  title =        "{PEMU}: a Pin Highly Compatible Out-of-{VM} Dynamic
                 Binary Instrumentation Framework",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "147--160",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2817817.2731201",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Over the past 20 years, we have witnessed a widespread
                 adoption of dynamic binary instrumentation (DBI) for
                 numerous program analyses and security applications
                 including program debugging, profiling, reverse
                 engineering, and malware analysis. To date, there are
                 many DBI platforms, and the most popular one is Pin,
                 which provides various instrumentation APIs for process
                 instrumentation. However, Pin does not support the
                 instrumentation of OS kernels. In addition, the
                 execution of the instrumentation and analysis routine
                 is always inside the virtual machine (VM).
                 Consequently, it cannot support any out-of-VM
                 introspection that requires strong isolation.
                 Therefore, this paper presents PEMU, a new open source
                 DBI framework that is compatible with Pin-APIs, but
                 supports out-of-VM introspection for both user level
                 processes and OS kernels. Unlike in-VM instrumentation
                 in which there is no semantic gap, for out-of-VM
                 introspection we have to bridge the semantic gap and
                 provide abstractions (i.e., APIs) for programmers. One
                 important feature of PEMU is its API compatibility with
                 Pin. As such, many Pin plugins are able to execute atop
                 PEMU without any source code modification. We have
                 implemented PEMU, and our experimental results with the
                 SPEC 2006 benchmarks show that PEMU introduces
                 reasonable overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zhang:2015:LOS,
  author =       "Minjia Zhang and Jipeng Huang and Man Cao and Michael
                 D. Bond",
  title =        "Low-overhead software transactional memory with
                 progress guarantees and strong semantics",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "97--108",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2858788.2688510",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 12:01:42 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Software transactional memory offers an appealing
                 alternative to locks by improving programmability,
                 reliability, and scalability. However, existing STMs
                 are impractical because they add high instrumentation
                 costs and often provide weak progress guarantees and/or
                 semantics. This paper introduces a novel STM called
                 LarkTM that provides three significant features. (1)
                 Its instrumentation adds low overhead except when
                 accesses actually conflict, enabling low single-thread
                 overhead and scaling well on low-contention workloads.
                 (2) It uses eager concurrency control mechanisms, yet
                 naturally supports flexible conflict resolution,
                 enabling strong progress guarantees. (3) It naturally
                 provides strong atomicity semantics at low cost.
                 LarkTM's design works well for low-contention
                 workloads, but adds significant overhead under higher
                 contention, so we design an adaptive version of LarkTM
                 that uses alternative concurrency control for
                 high-contention objects. An implementation and
                 evaluation in a Java virtual machine show that the
                 basic and adaptive versions of LarkTM not only provide
                 low single-thread overhead, but their multithreaded
                 performance compares favorably with existing
                 high-performance STMs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PPoPP '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zhang:2015:MCV,
  author =       "Xinyan Zhang and Keqiu Li and Yong Zhang",
  title =        "Minimum-cost virtual machine migration strategy in
                 datacenter",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "5177--5187",
  day =          "10",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3554",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 9 06:13:20 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "21 May 2015",
}

@Article{Zhang:2015:MIM,
  author =       "Wei Zhang and Sundaresan Rajasekaran and Shaohua Duan
                 and Timothy Wood and Mingfa Zhuy",
  title =        "Minimizing Interference and Maximizing Progress for
                 {Hadoop} Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "62--71",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2788402.2788411",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 3 16:05:37 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization promised to dramatically increase
                 server utilization levels, yet many data centers are
                 still only lightly loaded. In some ways, big data
                 applications are an ideal fit for using this residual
                 capacity to perform meaningful work, but the high level
                 of interference between interactive and batch
                 processing workloads currently prevents this from being
                 a practical solution in virtualized environments.
                 Further, the variable nature of spare capacity may make
                 it difficult to meet big data application deadlines. In
                 this work we propose two schedulers: one in the
                 virtualization layer designed to minimize interference
                 on high priority interactive services, and one in the
                 Hadoop framework that helps batch processing jobs meet
                 their own performance deadlines. Our approach uses
                 performance models to match Hadoop tasks to the servers
                 that will benefit them the most, and deadline-aware
                 scheduling to effectively order incoming jobs. We use
                 admission control to meet deadlines even when resources
                 are overloaded. The combination of these schedulers
                 allows data center administrators to safely mix
                 resource intensive Hadoop jobs with latency sensitive
                 web applications, and still achieve predictable
                 performance for both. We have implemented our system
                 using Xen and Hadoop, and our evaluation shows that our
                 schedulers allow a mixed cluster to reduce web response
                 times by more than ten fold compared to the existing
                 Xen Credit Scheduler, while meeting more Hadoop
                 deadlines and lowering total task execution times by
                 6.5\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Zhang:2015:SSP,
  author =       "Yonglong Zhang and Bin Li and Zhiqiu Huang and Jin
                 Wang and Junwu Zhu",
  title =        "{SGAM}: strategy-proof group buying-based auction
                 mechanism for virtual machine allocation in clouds",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "5577--5589",
  day =          "25",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3605",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 9 06:13:20 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "27 Jul 2015",
}

@Article{Zhao:2015:UPP,
  author =       "Yong Zhao and Jia Rao and Xiaobo Zhou and Qing Yi",
  title =        "Understanding Parallel Performance Under Interferences
                 in Multi-tenant Clouds",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "447--448",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2796314.2745886",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 18 06:59:51 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The performance of parallel programs is notoriously
                 difficult to reason in virtualized environments.
                 Although performance degradations caused by
                 virtualization and interferences have been well
                 studied, there is little understanding why different
                 parallel programs have unpredictable slow- downs. We
                 find that unpredictable performance is the result of
                 complex interplays between the design of the program,
                 the memory hierarchy of the hosting system, and the CPU
                 scheduling in the hypervisor. We develop a profiling
                 tool, vProfile, to decompose parallel runtime into
                 three parts: compute, steal and synchronization. With
                 the help of time breakdown, we devise two optimizations
                 at the hypervisor to reduce slowdowns.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Zhong:2015:VBM,
  author =       "Xianming Zhong and Chengcheng Xiang and Miao Yu and
                 Zhengwei Qi and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "A Virtualization Based Monitoring System for
                 Mini-intrusive Live Forensics",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "455--471",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-013-0285-2",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 8 12:34:16 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766/43/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10766-013-0285-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Article{Zou:2015:CDA,
  author =       "Tao Zou and Ronan Bras and Marcos Vaz Salles and Alan
                 Demers and Johannes Gehrke",
  title =        "{ClouDiA}: a deployment advisor for public clouds",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "633--653",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-014-0375-9",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1066-8888",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 18 06:51:09 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbj.bib",
  abstract =     "An increasing number of distributed data-driven
                 applications are moving into shared public clouds. By
                 sharing resources and operating at scale, public clouds
                 promise higher utilization and lower costs than private
                 clusters. To achieve high utilization, however, cloud
                 providers inevitably allocate virtual machine instances
                 non-contiguously; i.e., instances of a given
                 application may end-up in physically distant machines
                 in the cloud. This allocation strategy can lead to
                 large differences in average latency between instances.
                 For a large class of applications, this difference can
                 result in significant performance degradation, unless
                 care is taken in how application components are mapped
                 to instances. In this paper, we propose ClouDiA, a
                 general deployment advisor that selects application
                 node deployments minimizing either (i) the largest
                 latency between application nodes, or (ii) the longest
                 critical path among all application nodes. ClouDiA
                 employs a number of algorithmic techniques, including
                 mixed-integer programming and constraint programming
                 techniques, to efficiently search the space of possible
                 mappings of application nodes to instances. Through
                 experiments with synthetic and real applications in
                 Amazon EC2, we show that mean latency is a robust
                 metric to model communication cost in these
                 applications and that our search techniques yield a
                 15---55 \% reduction in time-to-solution or service
                 response time, without any need for modifying
                 application code.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "VLDB Journal: Very Large Data Bases",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J869",
}

@Article{Abe:2016:UVM,
  author =       "Yoshihisa Abe and Roxana Geambasu and Kaustubh Joshi
                 and Mahadev Satyanarayanan",
  title =        "Urgent Virtual Machine Eviction with Enlightened
                 Post-Copy",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "51--64",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892252",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine (VM) migration demands distinct
                 properties under resource oversubscription and workload
                 surges. We present enlightened post-copy, a new
                 mechanism for VMs under contention that evicts the
                 target VM with fast execution transfer and short total
                 duration. This design contrasts with common live
                 migration, which uses the down time of the migrated VM
                 as its primary metric; it instead focuses on recovering
                 the aggregate performance of the VMs being affected. In
                 enlightened post-copy, the guest OS identifies memory
                 state that is expected to encompass the VM's working
                 set. The hypervisor accordingly transfers its state,
                 mitigating the performance impact on the migrated VM
                 resulting from post-copy transfer. We show that our
                 implementation, with modest instrumentation in guest
                 Linux, resolves VM contention up to several times
                 faster than live migration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Agrawal:2016:EIU,
  author =       "Gaurav Agrawal and Deep Medhi",
  title =        "Embedding {IP} unique shortest path topology on a
                 wavelength-routed network: normal and survivable
                 design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "1109--1124",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 18 12:04:13 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we address the network virtualization
                 problem of embedding a unique shortest path-based IP
                 topology using lightpaths in a wavelength-routed
                 network. We present an integer linear programming
                 formulation and propose a 2-phase heuristic approach to
                 solve this problem. We extend the model and the
                 heuristic by addressing survivability in an integrated
                 cross-layer framework, where the objective is to
                 allocate a light-path topology that remains connected
                 in the event of any single physical link failure while
                 providing the IP network with unique shortest paths for
                 all node-pairs. We consider a number of measures to
                 show effectiveness of our approach and to discuss the
                 impact on normal and survivable topology design, in
                 terms of the number of transreceivers deployed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Al-Ayyoub:2016:VBC,
  author =       "Mahmoud Al-Ayyoub and Yaser Jararweh and Ahmad Doulat
                 and Haythem A. Bany Salameh and Ahmad {Al Abed Al Aziz}
                 and Mohammad Alsmirat and Abdallah A. Khreishah",
  title =        "Virtualization-based {Cognitive Radio Networks}",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "117",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "15--29",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 19 08:19:13 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216000479",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212/",
}

@Article{Amin:2016:JST,
  author =       "Nada Amin and Ross Tate",
  title =        "{Java} and {Scala}'s type systems are unsound: the
                 existential crisis of null pointers",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "838--848",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3022671.2984004",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:13 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We present short programs that demonstrate the
                 unsoundness of Java and Scala's current type systems.
                 In particular, these programs provide parametrically
                 polymorphic functions that can turn any type into any
                 type without (down)casting. Fortunately, parametric
                 polymorphism was not integrated into the Java Virtual
                 Machine (JVM), so these examples do not demonstrate any
                 unsoundness of the JVM. Nonetheless, we discuss broader
                 implications of these findings on the field of
                 programming languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Amit:2016:BMP,
  author =       "Nadav Amit and Abel Gordon and Nadav Har'El and Muli
                 Ben-Yehuda and Alex Landau and Assaf Schuster and Dan
                 Tsafrir",
  title =        "Bare-metal performance for virtual machines with
                 exitless interrupts",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "108--116",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2845648",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 15 16:12:33 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2015/1/195734/fulltext",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Anjo:2016:DML,
  author =       "Ivo Anjo and Jo{\~a}o Cachopo",
  title =        "Design of a Method-Level Speculation framework for
                 boosting irregular {JVM} applications",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "87",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "13--25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 21 18:24:37 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731515001720",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315/",
}

@Article{Antonescu:2016:SSB,
  author =       "Alexandru-Florian Antonescu and Torsten Braun",
  title =        "Simulation of {SLA}-based {VM}-scaling algorithms for
                 cloud-distributed applications",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "260--273",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 15 11:00:07 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15000321",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Aral:2016:NAE,
  author =       "Atakan Aral and Tolga Ovatman",
  title =        "Network-aware embedding of virtual machine clusters
                 onto federated cloud infrastructure",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "120",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "89--104",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 23 11:40:41 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216301078",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212/",
}

@Article{Arianyan:2016:NHC,
  author =       "Ehsan Arianyan and Hassan Taheri and Saeed Sharifian",
  title =        "Novel heuristics for consolidation of virtual machines
                 in cloud data centers using multi-criteria resource
                 management solutions",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "688--717",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1603-9",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 7 12:01:24 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/72/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-015-1603-9",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Aroca:2016:PEA,
  author =       "Jordi Arjona Aroca and Antonio Fern{\'a}ndez Anta and
                 Miguel A. Mosteiro and Christopher Thraves and Lin
                 Wang",
  title =        "Power-efficient assignment of virtual machines to
                 physical machines",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "82--94",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 15 11:00:07 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15000072",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Awad:2016:SSZ,
  author =       "Amro Awad and Pratyusa Manadhata and Stuart Haber and
                 Yan Solihin and William Horne",
  title =        "Silent Shredder: Zero-Cost Shredding for Secure
                 Non-Volatile Main Memory Controllers",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "263--276",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2954679.2872377",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 9 17:13:59 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies are expected
                 to replace DRAM in the near future, new challenges have
                 emerged. For example, NVMs have slow and
                 power-consuming writes, and limited write endurance. In
                 addition, NVMs have a data remanence vulnerability,
                 i.e., they retain data for a long time after being
                 powered off. NVM encryption alleviates the
                 vulnerability, but exacerbates the limited endurance by
                 increasing the number of writes to memory. We observe
                 that, in current systems, a large percentage of main
                 memory writes result from data shredding in operating
                 systems, a process of zeroing out physical pages before
                 mapping them to new processes, in order to protect
                 previous processes' data. In this paper, we propose
                 Silent Shredder, which repurposes initialization
                 vectors used in standard counter mode encryption to
                 completely eliminate the data shredding writes. Silent
                 Shredder also speeds up reading shredded cache lines,
                 and hence reduces power consumption and improves
                 overall performance. To evaluate our design, we run
                 three PowerGraph applications and 26 multi-programmed
                 workloads from the SPEC 2006 suite, on a gem5-based
                 full system simulator. Silent Shredder eliminates an
                 average of 48.6\% of the writes in the initialization
                 and graph construction phases. It speeds up main memory
                 reads by 3.3 times, and improves the number of
                 instructions per cycle (IPC) by 6.4\% on average.
                 Finally, we discuss several use cases, including
                 virtual machines' data isolation and user-level large
                 data initialization, where Silent Shredder can be used
                 effectively at no extra cost.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Ayoubi:2016:TPB,
  author =       "Sara Ayoubi and Yiheng Chen and Chadi Assi",
  title =        "Towards Promoting Backup-Sharing in Survivable Virtual
                 Network Design",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "3218--3231",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2015.2510864",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 21 07:15:39 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In a virtualized infrastructure where multiple virtual
                 networks or tenants are running atop the same physical
                 network e.g., a data center network, a single facility
                 node e.g., a server failure can bring down multiple
                 virtual machines, disconnecting their corresponding
                 services and leading to millions of dollars in penalty
                 cost. To overcome losses, tenants or virtual networks
                 can be augmented with a dedicated set of backup nodes
                 and links provisioned with enough backup resources to
                 assume any single facility node failure. This approach
                 is commonly referred to as Survivable Virtual Network
                 SVN design. The achievable reliability guarantee of the
                 resultant SVN could come at the expense of lowering the
                 substrate network utilization efficiency, and
                 subsequently its admissibility, since the provisioned
                 backup resources are reserved and remain idle until
                 failures occur. Backup-sharing can replace the
                 dedicated survivability scheme to circumvent the
                 inconvenience of idle resources and reduce the
                 footprints of backup resources. Indeed the problem of
                 SVN design with backup-sharing has recurred multiple
                 times in the literature. In most of the existing work,
                 designing an SVN is bounded to a fixed number of backup
                 nodes; further backup-sharing is only explored and
                 optimized during the embedding phase. This renders the
                 existing redesign techniques agnostic to the backup
                 resource sharing in the substrate network, and highly
                 dependent on the efficiency of the adopted mapping
                 approach. In this paper, we diverge from this dogmatic
                 approach, and introduce ProRed, a novel prognostic
                 redesign technique that promotes the backup resource
                 sharing at the virtual network level, prior to the
                 embedding phase. Our numerical results prove that this
                 redesign technique achieves lower-cost mapping
                 solutions and greatly enhances the achievable backup
                 sharing, boosting the overall network's
                 admissibility.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Banerjee:2016:SNA,
  author =       "Amitabha Banerjee and Rishi Mehta and Zach Shen",
  title =        "Supporting {NUMA}-Aware {I/O} in Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--36",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.2016.59",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 17 10:37:35 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/2016/04/mmi2016040028-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/2016/04/mmi2016040028-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
}

@Article{Ben-Yehuda:2016:NPM,
  author =       "Muli Ben-Yehuda and Orna Agmon Ben-Yehuda and Dan
                 Tsafrir",
  title =        "The nom Profit-Maximizing Operating System",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "145--160",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892250",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In the near future, cloud providers will sell their
                 users virtual machines with CPU, memory, network, and
                 storage resources whose prices constantly change
                 according to market-driven supply and demand
                 conditions. Running traditional operating systems in
                 these virtual machines is a poor fit: traditional
                 operating systems are not aware of changing resource
                 prices and their sole aim is to maximize performance
                 with no consideration of costs. Consequently, they
                 yield low profits. We present nom, a profit-maximizing
                 operating system designed for cloud computing platforms
                 with dynamic resource prices. Applications running on
                 nom aim to maximize profits by optimizing
                 simultaneously for performance and resource costs. The
                 nom kernel provides them with direct access to the
                 underlying hardware and full control over their private
                 software stacks. Since nom applications know there is
                 no single ``best'' software stack, they adapt their
                 stacks' behavior on the fly according to the current
                 price of available resources and their private utility
                 from them, which differs between applications. We show
                 that in addition to achieving up to 3.9x better
                 throughput and up to 9.1x better latency, nom
                 applications yield up to 11.1x higher profits when
                 compared with the same applications running on Linux
                 and OSv.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Burtsev:2016:APV,
  author =       "Anton Burtsev and David Johnson and Mike Hibler and
                 Eric Eide and John Regehr",
  title =        "Abstractions for Practical Virtual Machine Replay",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "93--106",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892257",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Efficient deterministic replay of whole operating
                 systems is feasible and useful, so why isn't replay a
                 default part of the software stack? While implementing
                 deterministic replay is hard, we argue that the main
                 reason is the lack of general abstractions for
                 understanding and addressing the significant
                 engineering challenges involved in the development of a
                 replay engine for a modern VMM. We present a design
                 blueprint---a set of abstractions, general principles,
                 and low-level implementation details---for efficient
                 deterministic replay in a modern hypervisor. We build
                 and evaluate our architecture in Xen, a full-featured
                 hypervisor. Our architecture can be readily followed
                 and adopted, enabling replay as a ubiquitous part of a
                 modern virtualization stack.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Chen:2016:CDD,
  author =       "Yuting Chen and Ting Su and Chengnian Sun and Zhendong
                 Su and Jianjun Zhao",
  title =        "Coverage-directed differential testing of {JVM}
                 implementations",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "85--99",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2980983.2908095",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 07:32:25 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Java virtual machine (JVM) is a core technology, whose
                 reliability is critical. Testing JVM implementations
                 requires painstaking effort in designing test
                 classfiles (*.class) along with their test oracles. An
                 alternative is to employ binary fuzzing to
                 differentially test JVMs by blindly mutating seeding
                 classfiles and then executing the resulting mutants on
                 different JVM binaries for revealing inconsistent
                 behaviors. However, this blind approach is not cost
                 effective in practice because most of the mutants are
                 invalid and redundant. This paper tackles this
                 challenge by introducing classfuzz, a coverage-directed
                 fuzzing approach that focuses on representative
                 classfiles for differential testing of JVMs' startup
                 processes. Our core insight is to (1) mutate seeding
                 classfiles using a set of predefined mutation operators
                 (mutators) and employ Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
                 sampling to guide mutator selection, and (2) execute
                 the mutants on a reference JVM implementation and use
                 coverage uniqueness as a discipline for accepting
                 representative ones. The accepted classfiles are used
                 as inputs to differentially test different JVM
                 implementations and find defects. We have implemented
                 classfuzz and conducted an extensive evaluation of it
                 against existing fuzz testing algorithms. Our
                 evaluation results show that classfuzz can enhance the
                 ratio of discrepancy-triggering classfiles from 1.7\%
                 to 11.9\%. We have also reported 62 JVM discrepancies,
                 along with the test classfiles, to JVM developers. Many
                 of our reported issues have already been confirmed as
                 JVM defects, and some even match recent clarifications
                 and changes to the Java SE 8 edition of the JVM
                 specification.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PLDI '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Chen:2016:ICA,
  author =       "Renhai Chen and Yi Wang and Jingtong Hu and Duo Liu
                 and Zili Shao and Yong Guan",
  title =        "Image-Content-Aware {I/O} Optimization for Mobile
                 Virtualization",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2950059",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 3 16:48:38 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Mobile virtualization introduces extra layers in
                 software stacks, which leads to performance
                 degradation. Notably, each I/O operation has to pass
                 through several software layers to reach the
                 NAND-flash-based storage systems. This article targets
                 at optimizing I/O for mobile virtualization, since I/O
                 becomes one of major performance bottlenecks that
                 seriously affects the performance of mobile devices.
                 Among all the I/O operations, a large percentage is to
                 update metadata. Frequently updated metadata not only
                 degrade overall I/O performance but also severely
                 reduce flash memory lifetime. In this article, we
                 propose a novel I/O optimization technique to identify
                 the metadata of a guest file system that is stored in a
                 virtual machine image file and frequently updated.
                 Then, these metadata are stored in a small additional
                 non-volatile memory (NVM), which is faster and more
                 endurable to greatly improve flash memory's performance
                 and lifetime. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
                 first work to identify the file system metadata from
                 regular data in a guest OS image file with NVM
                 optimization. The proposed scheme is evaluated on a
                 real hardware embedded platform. The experimental
                 results show that the proposed techniques can improve
                 write performance to 45.21\% in mobile devices with
                 virtualization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
  remark =       "Special issue on VIPES, special issue on ICESS2015 and
                 regular papers.",
}

@Article{Chen:2016:OVM,
  author =       "Tao Chen and Xiaofeng Gao and Guihai Chen",
  title =        "Optimized Virtual Machine Placement with Traffic-Aware
                 Balancing in Data Center Networks",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2016",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "3101658:1--3101658:10",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3101658",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 07:53:40 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2016/3101658/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/",
  journalabr =   "Sci. Prog",
}

@Article{Chen:2016:SDN,
  author =       "Jiann-Liang Chen and Yi-Wei Ma and Hung-Yi Kuo and
                 Chu-Sing Yang and Wen-Chien Hung",
  title =        "Software-Defined Network Virtualization Platform for
                 Enterprise Network Resource Management",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-EMERG-TOP-COMPUT,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "179--186",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2016",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2015.2478757",
  ISSN =         "2168-6750 (print), 2376-4562 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 14:02:06 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransemergtopcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6245516",
}

@Article{Cheng:2016:OIL,
  author =       "Luwei Cheng and Francis C. M. Lau",
  title =        "Offloading Interrupt Load Balancing from {SMP} Virtual
                 Machines to the Hypervisor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "3298--3310",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 11 05:43:52 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2016/11/07425234-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Cheng:2016:RTC,
  author =       "Luwei Cheng and Francis C. M. Lau",
  title =        "Revisiting {TCP} Congestion Control in a Virtual
                 Cluster Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2154--2167",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2015.2451161",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 28 17:19:55 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines VMs are widely adopted today to
                 provide elastic computing services in datacenters, and
                 they still heavily rely on TCP for congestion control.
                 VM scheduling delays due to CPU sharing can cause
                 frequent spurious retransmit timeouts RTOs. Using
                 current detection methods, we find that such spurious
                 RTOs cannot be effectively identified because of the
                 retransmission ambiguity caused by the delayed ACK
                 DelACK mechanism. Disabling DelACK would add
                 significant CPU overhead to the VMs and thus degrade
                 the network's performance. In this paper, we first
                 report our practical experience about TCP's reaction to
                 VM scheduling delays. We then provide an analysis of
                 the problem that has two components corresponding to VM
                 preemption on the sender side and the receiver side,
                 respectively. Finally, we propose PVTCP, a
                 ParaVirtualized approach to counteract the distortion
                 of congestion information caused by the hypervisor
                 scheduler. PVTCP is completely embedded in the guest OS
                 and requires no modification in the hypervisor. Taking
                 incast congestion as an example, we evaluate our
                 solution in a 21-node testbed. The results show that
                 PVTCP has high adaptability in virtualized environments
                 and deals satisfactorily with the throughput collapse
                 problem.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Cheng:2016:VMN,
  author =       "Kun Cheng and Yuebin Bai and Yongwang Zhao and Yao Ma
                 and Duo Lu and Yuanfeng Peng and Minxuan Zhou",
  title =        "{$ H V^2 M $}: a novel approach to boost inter-{VM}
                 network performance for {Xen}-based {HVMs}",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "114",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "54--68",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 5 17:57:27 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121215002782",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212/",
}

@Article{Cruz:2016:DCG,
  author =       "Flavio Cruz and Ricardo Rocha and Seth Copen
                 Goldstein",
  title =        "Declarative coordination of graph-based parallel
                 programs",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3016078.2851153",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Declarative programming has been hailed as a promising
                 approach to parallel programming since it makes it
                 easier to reason about programs while hiding the
                 implementation details of parallelism from the
                 programmer. However, its advantage is also its
                 disadvantage as it leaves the programmer with no
                 straightforward way to optimize programs for
                 performance. In this paper, we introduce Coordinated
                 Linear Meld (CLM), a concurrent forward-chaining linear
                 logic programming language, with a declarative way to
                 coordinate the execution of parallel programs allowing
                 the programmer to specify arbitrary scheduling and data
                 partitioning policies. Our approach allows the
                 programmer to write graph-based declarative programs
                 and then optionally to use coordination to fine-tune
                 parallel performance. In this paper we specify the set
                 of coordination facts, discuss their implementation in
                 a parallel virtual machine, and show---through
                 example---how they can be used to optimize parallel
                 execution. We compare the performance of CLM programs
                 against the original uncoordinated Linear Meld and
                 several other frameworks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PPoPP '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Dall:2016:AVP,
  author =       "Christoffer Dall and Shih-Wei Li and Jin Tack Lim and
                 Jason Nieh and Georgios Koloventzos",
  title =        "{ARM} virtualization: performance and architectural
                 implications",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "304--316",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007787.3001169",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 12 18:43:43 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "ARM servers are becoming increasingly common, making
                 server technologies such as virtualization for ARM of
                 growing importance. We present the first study of ARM
                 virtualization performance on server hardware,
                 including multicore measurements of two popular ARM and
                 x86 hypervisors, KVM and Xen. We show how ARM hardware
                 support for virtualization can enable much faster
                 transitions between VMs and the hypervisor, a key
                 hypervisor operation. However, current hypervisor
                 designs, including both Type 1 hypervisors such as Xen
                 and Type 2 hypervisors such as KVM, are not able to
                 leverage this performance benefit for real application
                 workloads. We discuss the reasons why and show that
                 other factors related to hypervisor software design and
                 implementation have a larger role in overall
                 performance. Based on our measurements, we discuss
                 changes to ARM's hardware virtualization support that
                 can potentially bridge the gap to bring its faster
                 VM-to-hypervisor transition mechanism to modern Type 2
                 hypervisors running real applications. These changes
                 have been incorporated into the latest ARM
                 architecture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ISCA '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{daSilva:2016:TAV,
  author =       "Rodrigo A. C. da Silva and Nelson L. S. da Fonseca",
  title =        "Topology-Aware Virtual Machine Placement in Data
                 Centers",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--90",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-015-9343-x",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 30 08:02:34 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/14/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-015-9343-x",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Degenbaev:2016:ITG,
  author =       "Ulan Degenbaev and Jochen Eisinger and Manfred Ernst
                 and Ross McIlroy and Hannes Payer",
  title =        "Idle time garbage collection scheduling",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "570--583",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2980983.2908106",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 07:32:25 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Efficient garbage collection is increasingly important
                 in today's managed language runtime systems that demand
                 low latency, low memory consumption, and high
                 throughput. Garbage collection may pause the
                 application for many milliseconds to identify live
                 memory, free unused memory, and compact fragmented
                 regions of memory, even when employing concurrent
                 garbage collection. In animation-based applications
                 that require 60 frames per second, these pause times
                 may be observable, degrading user experience. This
                 paper introduces idle time garbage collection
                 scheduling to increase the responsiveness of
                 applications by hiding expensive garbage collection
                 operations inside of small, otherwise unused idle
                 portions of the application's execution, resulting in
                 smoother animations. Additionally we take advantage of
                 idleness to reduce memory consumption while allowing
                 higher memory use when high throughput is required. We
                 implemented idle time garbage collection scheduling in
                 V8, an open-source, production JavaScript virtual
                 machine running within Chrome. We present performance
                 results on various benchmarks running popular webpages
                 and show that idle time garbage collection scheduling
                 can significantly improve latency and memory
                 consumption. Furthermore, we introduce a new metric
                 called frame time discrepancy to quantify the quality
                 of the user experience and precisely measure the
                 improvements that idle time garbage collection provides
                 for a WebGL-based game benchmark. Idle time garbage
                 collection is shipped and enabled by default in
                 Chrome.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PLDI '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Dragga:2016:GGC,
  author =       "Chris Dragga and Douglas J. Santry",
  title =        "{GCTrees}: Garbage Collecting Snapshots",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2857056",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 29 06:03:46 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tos/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "File-system snapshots have been a key component of
                 enterprise storage management since their inception.
                 Creating and managing them efficiently, while
                 maintaining flexibility and low overhead, has been a
                 constant struggle. Although the current
                 state-of-the-art mechanism---hierarchical reference
                 counting---performs reasonably well for traditional
                 small-file workloads, these workloads are increasingly
                 vanishing from the enterprise data center, replaced
                 instead with virtual machine and database workloads.
                 These workloads center around a few very large files,
                 violating the assumptions that allow hierarchical
                 reference counting to operate efficiently. To better
                 cope with these workloads, we introduce Generational
                 Chain Trees (GCTrees), a novel method of space
                 management that uses concepts of block lineage across
                 snapshots rather than explicit reference counting. As a
                 proof of concept, we create a prototype file
                 system---gcext4, a modified version of ext4 that uses
                 GCTrees as a basis for snapshots and copy-on-write. In
                 evaluating this prototype empirically, we find that
                 although they have a somewhat higher overhead for
                 traditional workloads, GCTrees have dramatically lower
                 overhead than hierarchical reference counting for
                 large-file workloads, improving by a factor of 34 or
                 more in some cases. Furthermore, gcext4 performs
                 comparably to ext4 across all workloads, showing that
                 GCTrees impose minor cost for their benefits.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J960",
}

@Article{Egger:2016:ECL,
  author =       "Bernhard Egger and Younghyun Cho and Changyeon Jo and
                 Eunbyun Park and Jaejin Lee",
  title =        "Efficient Checkpointing of Live Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "3041--3054",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2016.2519890",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 13 06:19:58 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Esposito:2016:VAV,
  author =       "Flavio Esposito and Ibrahim Matta and Yuefeng Wang",
  title =        "{VINEA}: An Architecture for Virtual Network Embedding
                 Policy Programmability",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "3381--3396",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 11 05:43:52 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2016/11/07401050-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Gandhi:2016:APE,
  author =       "Jayneel Gandhi and Mark D. Hill and Michael M. Swift",
  title =        "Agile paging: exceeding the best of nested and shadow
                 paging",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "707--718",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007787.3001212",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 12 18:43:43 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization provides benefits for many workloads,
                 but the overheads of virtualizing memory are not
                 universally low. The cost comes from managing two
                 levels of address translation---one in the guest
                 virtual machine (VM) and the other in the host virtual
                 machine monitor (VMM)---with either nested or shadow
                 paging. Nested paging directly performs a two-level
                 page walk that makes TLB misses slower than
                 unvirtualized native, but enables fast page tables
                 changes. Alternatively, shadow paging restores native
                 TLB miss speeds, but requires costly VMM intervention
                 on page table updates. This paper proposes agile paging
                 that combines both techniques and exceeds the best of
                 both. A virtualized page walk starts with shadow paging
                 and optionally switches in the same page walk to nested
                 paging where frequent page table updates would cause
                 costly VMM interventions. Agile paging enables most TLB
                 misses to be handled as fast as native while most page
                 table changes avoid VMM intervention. It requires
                 modest changes to hardware (e.g., demark when to
                 switch) and VMM policies (e.g., predict good switching
                 opportunities). We emulate the proposed hardware and
                 prototype the software in Linux with KVM on x86-64.
                 Agile paging performs more than 12\% better than the
                 best of the two techniques and comes within 4\% of
                 native execution for all workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ISCA '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Gao:2016:VCD,
  author =       "Xianming Gao and Baosheng Wang and Xiaozhe Zhang",
  title =        "{VR-Cluster}: Dynamic Migration for Resource
                 Fragmentation Problem in Virtual Router Platform",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2016",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "3976965:1--3976965:14",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3976965",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 07:53:40 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2016/3976965/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/",
  journalabr =   "Sci. Prog",
}

@Article{Garcia:2016:CMP,
  author =       "P. Garcia and T. Gomes and J. Monteiro and A. Tavares
                 and M. Ekpanyapong",
  title =        "On-Chip Message Passing Sub-System for Embedded
                 Inter-Domain Communication",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "33--36",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/LCA.2015.2419260",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This letter describes the architecture of an
                 inter-domain message passing hardware sub-system
                 targeting the embedded virtualization field. Embedded
                 virtualization is characterized by application-specific
                 solutions, where functionality is partitioned into a
                 small, fixed number of Virtual Machines, typically
                 under real-time constraints, which must communicate for
                 synchronization and status signaling. In light of the
                 growing use of custom hardware, especially supported by
                 (re)configurable platforms, we show how our hardware
                 sub-system can provide virtualization-safe data
                 transfers, without the need for Hypervisor (software)
                 mediation, through the use of translate-once and
                 virtual-interface hardware mechanisms, allowing direct
                 memory-to-memory copies between different partitions'
                 input/output buffers, in both direct-transfer and
                 publish-subscribe modes. Our experiments show our
                 architecture is especially suited for the real time
                 domain, outperforming an equivalent software solution
                 in latencies, throughput and jitter, and outperforming
                 state of the art hardware solutions for small message
                 sizes ($ < 512 $ B).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Garcia, P (Reprint Author), Univ Minho, Dept Ctr
                 Algoritmi, P-4800 Braga, Portugal. Garcia, P.; Gomes,
                 T.; Monteiro, J.; Tavares, A., Univ Minho, Dept Ctr
                 Algoritmi, P-4800 Braga, Portugal. Ekpanyapong, M.,
                 Asian Inst Technol, Dept Microelect \& Embedded Syst,
                 Khlong Luang, Thailand.",
  author-email = "pgarcia@dei.uminho.pt tgomes@dei.uminho.pt
                 jmonteiro@dei.uminho.pt atavares@dei.uminho.pt
                 mongkol@ait.ac.th",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "DY1XQ",
  eissn =        "1556-6064",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  funding-acknowledgement = "FCT [SFRH/BD/77813/2011]",
  funding-text = "This work was supported in part by a grant from FCT,
                 reference SFRH/BD/77813/2011. P. Garcia is the
                 corresponding author.",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "application program interfaces; application-specific
                 solutions; configurable platforms; direct
                 memory-to-memory copies; direct-transfer modes;
                 embedded interdomain communication; embedded systems;
                 embedded virtualization field; Hardware; interdomain
                 message passing hardware subsystem; message passing;
                 Message passing; on-chip message passing subsystem;
                 partition input/output buffers; publish subscribe
                 modes; Publish-subscribe; real time domain; real-time
                 constraints; Software; status signaling;
                 synchronisation; synchronization; Throughput;
                 translate-once mechanism; Virtual machine monitors;
                 virtual machines; virtual-interface hardware
                 mechanisms; virtualisation; Virtualization;
                 virtualization-safe data transfers",
  number-of-cited-references = "15",
  ORCID-numbers = "Monteiro, Joao L/0000-0002-3287-3995 Monteiro,
                 Joao/0000-0002-3287-3995 Tavares,
                 Adriano/0000-0001-8316-6927 Gomes,
                 Tiago/0000-0002-8496-8179 Garcia,
                 Paulo/0000-0002-1041-5205",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  researcherid-numbers = "Monteiro, Joao L/H-7751-2012 Monteiro,
                 Joao/Q-6857-2019 Tavares, Adriano/M-5257-2013",
  times-cited =  "1",
  unique-id =    "Garcia:2016:CMP",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Guanciale:2016:PSM,
  author =       "Roberto Guanciale and Hamed Nemati and Mads Dam and
                 Christoph Baumann",
  title =        "Provably secure memory isolation for {Linux} on
                 {ARM}",
  journal =      j-J-COMP-SECUR,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "793--837",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JCSIET",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3233/JCS-160558",
  ISSN =         "0926-227X (print), 1875-8924 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0926-227X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 27 15:51:12 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcompsecur.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://content.iospress.com/journals/journal-of-computer-security",
}

@Article{Guo:2016:FNB,
  author =       "Jian Guo and Fangming Liu and John C. S. Lui and Hai
                 Jin",
  title =        "Fair network bandwidth allocation in {IaaS}
                 datacenters via a cooperative game approach",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "873--886",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 18 12:04:13 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With wide application of virtualization technology,
                 tenants are able to access isolated cloud services by
                 renting the shared resources in
                 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) datacenters. Unlike
                 resources such as CPU and memory, datacenter network,
                 which relies on traditional transport-layer protocols,
                 suffers unfairness due to a lack of virtual machine
                 (VM)-level bandwidth guarantees. In this paper, we
                 model the datacenter bandwidth allocation as a
                 cooperative game, toward VM-based fairness across the
                 datacenter with two main objectives: (1) guarantee
                 bandwidth for VMs based on their base bandwidth
                 requirements, and (2) share residual bandwidth in
                 proportion to the weights of VMs. Through a bargaining
                 game approach, we propose a bandwidth allocation
                 algorithm, Falloc, to achieve the asymmetric Nash
                 bargaining solution (NBS) in datacenter networks, which
                 exactly meets our objectives. The cooperative structure
                 of the algorithm is exploited to develop an online
                 algorithm for practical real-world implementation. We
                 validate Falloc with experiments under diverse
                 scenarios and show that by adapting to different
                 network requirements of VMs, Falloc can achieve
                 fairness among VMs and balance the tradeoff between
                 bandwidth guarantee and proportional bandwidth sharing.
                 Our large-scale trace-driven simulations verify that
                 Falloc achieves high utilization while maintaining
                 fairness among VMs in datacenters.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Hale:2016:EHP,
  author =       "Kyle C. Hale and Peter A. Dinda",
  title =        "Enabling Hybrid Parallel Runtimes Through Kernel and
                 Virtualization Support",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "161--175",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892255",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In our hybrid runtime (HRT) model, a parallel runtime
                 system and the application are together transformed
                 into a specialized OS kernel that operates entirely in
                 kernel mode and can thus implement exactly its desired
                 abstractions on top of fully privileged hardware
                 access. We describe the design and implementation of
                 two new tools that support the HRT model. The first,
                 the Nautilus Aerokernel, is a kernel framework
                 specifically designed to enable HRTs for x64 and Xeon
                 Phi hardware. Aerokernel primitives are specialized for
                 HRT creation and thus can operate much faster, up to
                 two orders of magnitude faster, than related primitives
                 in Linux. Aerokernel primitives also exhibit much lower
                 variance in their performance, an important
                 consideration for some forms of parallelism. We have
                 realized several prototype HRTs, including one based on
                 the Legion runtime, and we provide application
                 macrobenchmark numbers for our Legion HRT. The second
                 tool, the hybrid virtual machine (HVM), is an extension
                 to the Palacios virtual machine monitor that allows a
                 single virtual machine to simultaneously support a
                 traditional OS and software stack alongside an HRT with
                 specialized hardware access. The HRT can be booted in a
                 time comparable to a Linux user process startup, and
                 functions in the HRT, which operate over the user
                 process's memory, can be invoked by the process with
                 latencies not much higher than those of a function
                 call.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Hand:2016:TPH,
  author =       "Steve Hand",
  title =        "Technical Perspective: High-performance
                 virtualization: are we done?",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "107--107",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2845910",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 15 16:12:33 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2015/1/195736/fulltext",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
}

@Article{Hao:2016:IRO,
  author =       "Zheng Hao and Dong Xiaoshe and Zhu Zhengdong and Chen
                 Baoke and Bai Xiuxiu and Zhang Xingjun and Wang
                 Endong",
  title =        "Improving the Reliability of the Operating System
                 Inside a {VM}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "715--740",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxv111",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 11 07:49:41 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/5.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/5/715",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "December 9, 2015",
}

@Article{Haque:2016:ACV,
  author =       "Syed Arefinul Haque and Salekul Islam and Md. Jahidul
                 Islam and Jean-Charles Gr{\'e}goire",
  title =        "An architecture for client virtualization: a case
                 study",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "100",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "75--89",
  day =          "8",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 12 08:55:09 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128616300421",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Hong:2016:AAQ,
  author =       "Cheol-Ho Hong and Kyungwoon Lee and Hyunchan Park and
                 Chuck Yoo",
  title =        "{ANCS}: Achieving {QoS} through Dynamic Allocation of
                 Network Resources in Virtualized Clouds",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2016",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "4708195:1--4708195:10",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4708195",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 07:53:42 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2016/4708195/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/",
  journalabr =   "Sci. Prog",
}

@Article{Hong:2016:OCT,
  author =       "Ding-Yong Hong and Chun-Chen Hsu and Cheng-Yi Chou and
                 Wei-Chung Hsu and Pangfeng Liu and Jan-Jan Wu",
  title =        "Optimizing Control Transfer and Memory Virtualization
                 in Full System Emulators",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "47:1--47:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2837027",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 15:36:38 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Full system emulators provide virtual platforms for
                 several important applications, such as kernel and
                 system software development, co-verification with cycle
                 accurate CPU simulators, or application development for
                 hardware still in development. Full system emulators
                 usually use dynamic binary translation to obtain
                 reasonable performance. This paper focuses on
                 optimizing the performance of full system emulators.
                 First, we optimize performance by enabling classic
                 control transfer optimizations of dynamic binary
                 translation in full system emulation, such as indirect
                 branch target caching and block chaining. Second, we
                 improve the performance of memory virtualization of
                 cross-ISA virtual machines by improving the efficiency
                 of the software translation lookaside buffer (software
                 TLB). We implement our optimizations on QEMU, an
                 industrial-strength full system emulator, along with
                 the Android emulator. Experimental results show that
                 our optimizations achieve an average speedup of 1.98X
                 for ARM-to-X86-64 QEMU running SPEC CINT2006 benchmarks
                 with train inputs. Our optimizations also achieve an
                 average speedup of 1.44X and 1.40X for IA32-to-X86-64
                 QEMU and AArch64-to-X86-64 QEMU on SPEC CINT2006. We
                 use a set of real applications downloaded from Google
                 Play as benchmarks for the Android emulator.
                 Experimental results show that our optimizations
                 achieve an average speedup of 1.43X for the Android
                 emulator running these applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "47",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Hoque:2016:AAT,
  author =       "Endadul Hoque and Hyojeong Lee and Rahul Potharaju and
                 Charles Killian and Cristina Nita-Rotaru",
  title =        "Automated Adversarial Testing of Unmodified Wireless
                 Routing Implementations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "3369--3382",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2016.2520474",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 21 07:15:40 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Numerous routing protocols have been designed and
                 subjected to model checking and simulations. However,
                 model checking the design or testing the
                 simulator-based prototype of a protocol does not
                 guarantee that the implementation is free of bugs and
                 vulnerabilities. Testing implementations beyond their
                 basic functionality also known as adversarial testing
                 can increase protocol robustness. We focus on automated
                 adversarial testing of real-world implementations of
                 wireless routing protocols. In our previous work we
                 created Turret, a platform that uses a network emulator
                 and virtualization to test unmodified binaries of
                 general distributed systems. Based on Turret, we create
                 Turret-W designed specifically for wireless routing
                 protocols. Turret-W includes new functionalities such
                 as differentiating routing messages from data messages
                 to enable evaluation of attacks on the control plane
                 and the data plane separately, support for several
                 additional protocols e.g., those that use
                 homogeneous\slash heterogeneous packet formats, those
                 that run on geographic forwarding not just IP, those
                 that operate at the data link layer instead of the
                 network layer, support for several additional attacks
                 e.g., replay attacks and for establishment of
                 adversarial side-channels that allow for collusion.
                 Turret-W can test not only general routing attacks, but
                 also wireless specific attacks such as wormhole. Using
                 Turret-W on publicly available implementations of five
                 representative routing protocols, we re-discovered 37
                 attacks and 3 bugs. All these bugs and 5 of the total
                 attacks were not previously reported to the best of our
                 knowledge.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Huang:2016:BKB,
  author =       "Yu-Ju Huang and Hsuan-Heng Wu and Yeh-Ching Chung and
                 Wei-Chung Hsu",
  title =        "Building a {KVM}-based Hypervisor for a Heterogeneous
                 System Architecture Compliant System",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "3--15",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892246",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) is an
                 architecture developed by the HSA foundation aiming at
                 reducing programmability barriers as well as improving
                 communication efficiency for heterogeneous computing.
                 For example, HSA allows heterogeneous computing devices
                 to share the same virtual address space. This feature
                 allows programmers to bypass explicit data copying
                 between devices, as was required in the past. HSA
                 features such as job dispatching through user level
                 queues and memory based signaling help to reduce
                 communication latency between the host and other
                 computing devices. While the new features in HSA enable
                 more efficient heterogeneous computing, they also
                 introduce new challenges to system virtualization,
                 especially in memory virtualization and I/O
                 virtualization. This work investigates the issues
                 involved in HSA virtualization and implements a
                 KVM-based hypervisor that supports the main features of
                 HSA inside guest operating systems. Furthermore, this
                 work shows that with the newly introduced hypervisor
                 for HSA, system resources in HSA-compliant AMD Kaveri
                 can be effectively shared between multiple guest
                 operating systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Jiang:2016:FAF,
  author =       "Jianhua Jiang and Yunzhao Feng and Milan Parmar and
                 Keqin Li",
  title =        "{FP-ABC}: Fast and Parallel {ABC} Based
                 Energy-Efficiency Live {VM} Allocation Policy in Data
                 Centers",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2016",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "9524379:1--9524379:9",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9524379",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 07:53:40 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2016/9524379/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/",
  journalabr =   "Sci. Prog",
}

@Article{Junior:2016:PEV,
  author =       "Francisco Heron de Carvalho Junior and Cenez
                 Ara{\'u}jo Rezende",
  title =        "Performance evaluation of virtual execution
                 environments for intensive computing on usual
                 representations of multidimensional arrays",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "132 (part 1)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "29--49",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 16:43:48 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642316300065",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423/",
}

@Article{Kang:2016:MPV,
  author =       "Junbin Kang and Chunming Hu and Tianyu Wo and Ye Zhai
                 and Benlong Zhang and Jinpeng Huai",
  title =        "{MultiLanes}: Providing Virtualized Storage for
                 {OS}-Level Virtualization on Manycores",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2801155",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 25 07:00:06 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tos/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "OS-level virtualization is often used for server
                 consolidation in data centers because of its high
                 efficiency. However, the sharing of storage stack
                 services among the colocated containers incurs
                 contention on shared kernel data structures and locks
                 within I/O stack, leading to severe performance
                 degradation on manycore platforms incorporating fast
                 storage technologies (e.g., SSDs based on nonvolatile
                 memories). This article presents MultiLanes, a
                 virtualized storage system for OS-level virtualization
                 on manycores. MultiLanes builds an isolated I/O stack
                 on top of a virtualized storage device for each
                 container to eliminate contention on kernel data
                 structures and locks between them, thus scaling them to
                 manycores. Meanwhile, we propose a set of techniques to
                 tune the overhead induced by storage-device
                 virtualization to be negligible, and to scale the
                 virtualized devices to manycores on the host, which
                 itself scales poorly. To reduce the contention within
                 each single container, we further propose SFS, which
                 runs multiple file-system instances through the
                 proposed virtualized storage devices, distributes all
                 files under each directory among the underlying
                 file-system instances, then stacks a unified namespace
                 on top of them. The evaluation of our prototype system
                 built for Linux container (LXC) on a 32-core machine
                 with both a RAM disk and a modern flash-based SSD
                 demonstrates that MultiLanes scales much better than
                 Linux in micro- and macro-benchmarks, bringing
                 significant performance improvements, and that
                 MultiLanes with SFS can further reduce the contention
                 within each single container.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J960",
}

@Article{Kansal:2016:EAV,
  author =       "Nidhi Jain Kansal and Inderveer Chana",
  title =        "Energy-aware Virtual Machine Migration for Cloud
                 Computing --- A Firefly Optimization Approach",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "327--345",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-016-9364-0",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 30 08:02:34 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/14/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-016-9364-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Kashyap:2016:OSA,
  author =       "Sanidhya Kashyap and Changwoo Min and Taesoo Kim",
  title =        "Opportunistic Spinlocks: Achieving Virtual Machine
                 Scalability in the Clouds",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--16",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2903267.2903271",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 14 18:42:11 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With increasing demand for big-data processing and
                 faster in-memory databases, cloud providers are moving
                 towards large virtualized instances besides focusing on
                 the horizontal scalability. However, our experiments
                 reveal that such instances in popular cloud services
                 (e.g., 32 vCPUs with 208 GB supported by Google Compute
                 Engine) do not achieve the desired scalability with
                 increasing core count even with a simple,
                 embarrassingly parallel job (e.g., Linux kernel
                 compile). On a serious note, the internal
                 synchronization scheme (e.g., paravirtualized ticket
                 spinlock) of the virtualized instance on a machine with
                 higher core count (e.g., 80-core) dramatically degrades
                 its overall performance. Our finding is different from
                 the previously well-known scalability problem (i.e.,
                 lock contention problem) and occurs because of the
                 sophisticated optimization techniques implemented in
                 the hypervisor---what we call sleepy spinlock anomaly.
                 To solve this problem, we design and implement OTICKET,
                 a variant of paravirtualized ticket spinlock that
                 effectively scales the virtualized instances in both
                 undersubscribed and oversubscribed environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Katsaros:2016:EFE,
  author =       "Gregory Katsaros and Pascal Stichler and Josep
                 Subirats and Jordi Guitart",
  title =        "Estimation and forecasting of ecological efficiency of
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "480--494",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 4 07:08:16 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15000035",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Kertesz:2016:PBV,
  author =       "A. Kertesz and J. D. Dombi and A. Benyi",
  title =        "A Pliant-based Virtual Machine Scheduling Solution to
                 Improve the Energy Efficiency of {IaaS} Clouds",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--53",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-015-9336-9",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 30 08:02:34 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/14/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-015-9336-9",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Kim:2016:DOF,
  author =       "Junghyun Kim and Gangwon Jo and Jaehoon Jung and
                 Jungwon Kim and Jaejin Lee",
  title =        "A distributed {OpenCL} framework using redundant
                 computation and data replication",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "553--569",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2980983.2908094",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 07:32:25 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Applications written solely in OpenCL or CUDA cannot
                 execute on a cluster as a whole. Most previous
                 approaches that extend these programming models to
                 clusters are based on a common idea: designating a
                 centralized host node and coordinating the other nodes
                 with the host for computation. However, the centralized
                 host node is a serious performance bottleneck when the
                 number of nodes is large. In this paper, we propose a
                 scalable and distributed OpenCL framework called
                 SnuCL-D for large-scale clusters. SnuCL-D's remote
                 device virtualization provides an OpenCL application
                 with an illusion that all compute devices in a cluster
                 are confined in a single node. To reduce the amount of
                 control-message and data communication between nodes,
                 SnuCL-D replicates the OpenCL host program execution
                 and data in each node. We also propose a new OpenCL
                 host API function and a queueing optimization technique
                 that significantly reduce the overhead incurred by the
                 previous centralized approaches. To show the
                 effectiveness of SnuCL-D, we evaluate SnuCL-D with a
                 microbenchmark and eleven benchmark applications on a
                 large-scale CPU cluster and a medium-scale GPU
                 cluster.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PLDI '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kim:2016:SCD,
  author =       "Channoh Kim and Sungmin Kim and Hyeon Gyu Cho and
                 Dooyoung Kim and Jaehyeok Kim and Young H. Oh and
                 Hakbeom Jang and Jae W. Lee",
  title =        "Short-circuit dispatch: accelerating virtual machine
                 interpreters on embedded processors",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "291--303",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007787.3001168",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 12 18:43:43 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Interpreters are widely used to implement high-level
                 language virtual machines (VMs), especially on
                 resource-constrained embedded platforms. Many scripting
                 languages employ interpreter-based VMs for their
                 advantages over native code compilers, such as
                 portability, smaller resource footprint, and compact
                 codes. For efficient interpretation a script (program)
                 is first compiled into an intermediate representation,
                 or bytecodes. The canonical interpreter then runs an
                 infinite loop that fetches, decodes, and executes one
                 bytecode at a time. This bytecode dispatch loop is a
                 well-known source of inefficiency, typically featuring
                 a large jump table with a hard-to-predict indirect
                 jump. Most existing techniques to optimize this loop
                 focus on reducing the misprediction rate of this
                 indirect jump in both hardware and software. However,
                 these techniques are much less effective on embedded
                 processors with shallow pipelines and low IPCs.
                 Instead, we tackle another source of inefficiency more
                 prominent on embedded platforms--redundant computation
                 in the dispatch loop. To this end, we propose
                 Short-Circuit Dispatch (SCD), a low-cost architectural
                 extension that enables fast, hardware-based bytecode
                 dispatch with fewer instructions. The key idea of SCD
                 is to overlay the software-created bytecode jump table
                 on a branch target buffer (BTB). Once a bytecode is
                 fetched, the BTB is looked up using the bytecode,
                 instead of PC, as key. If it hits, the interpreter
                 directly jumps to the target address retrieved from the
                 BTB; otherwise, it goes through the original dispatch
                 path. This effectively eliminates redundant computation
                 in the dispatcher code for decode, bound check, and
                 target address calculation, thus significantly reducing
                 total instruction count. Our simulation results
                 demonstrate that SCD achieves geomean speedups of
                 19.9\% and 14.1\% for two production-grade script
                 interpreters for Lua and JavaScript, respectively.
                 Moreover, our fully synthesizable RTL design based on a
                 RISC-V embedded processor shows that SCD improves the
                 EDP of the Lua interpreter by 24.2\%, while increasing
                 the chip area by only 0.72\% at a 40nm technology
                 node.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ISCA '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Knodel:2016:MLR,
  author =       "Oliver Knodel and Paul R. Genssler and Rainer G.
                 Spallek",
  title =        "Migration of long-running Tasks between Reconfigurable
                 Resources using Virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "56--61",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3039902.3039913",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 12 18:43:44 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Computing performance and scalability are the
                 essential basics in modern data centres. Field
                 Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provide a promising
                 opportunity to improve performance, security and energy
                 efficiency. Especially background acceleration of
                 computationally complex and long-running tasks is an
                 important field of application. A flexible use of
                 reconfigurable devices within a cloud context requires
                 an abstraction of the actual hardware through
                 virtualization. In this paper we present an approach
                 inspired by paravirtualized machines for the
                 integration of reconfigurable hardware into cloud
                 services. Using partial reconfiguration our hardware
                 and software framework virtualizes a single physical
                 FPGA to enable multiple independent user designs.
                 Essential components are the management of those
                 virtual user-defined accelerators (vFPGA) and their
                 migration between physical FPGAs to achieve higher
                 system-wide utilization. The migration requires saving
                 and restoring the internal state or context of the
                 vFPGA. We demonstrate the application possibilities and
                 the resource trade-off of our approach by transferring
                 a running design from one physical FPGA to another.
                 Moreover, we present future perspectives for the use of
                 FPGAs in cloud-based environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "HEART '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kokkinos:2016:SLM,
  author =       "Panagiotis Kokkinos and Dimitris Kalogeras and Anna
                 Levin and Emmanouel Varvarigos",
  title =        "Survey: Live Migration and Disaster Recovery over
                 Long-Distance Networks",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26:1--26:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2940295",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 8 16:12:56 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the virtual machine live migration (LM) and
                 disaster recovery (DR) from a networking perspective,
                 considering long-distance networks, for example,
                 between data centers. These networks are usually
                 constrained by limited available bandwidth, increased
                 latency and congestion, or high cost of use when
                 dedicated network resources are used, while their exact
                 characteristics cannot be controlled. LM and DR present
                 several challenges due to the large amounts of data
                 that need to be transferred over long-distance
                 networks, which increase with the number of migrated or
                 protected resources. In this context, our work presents
                 the way LM and DR are currently being performed and
                 their operation in long-distance networking
                 environments, discussing related issues and bottlenecks
                 and surveying other works. We also present the way
                 networks are evolving today and the new technologies
                 and protocols (e.g., software-defined networking, or
                 SDN, and flexible optical networks) that can be used to
                 boost the efficiency of LM and DR over long distances.
                 Traffic redirection in a long-distance environment is
                 also an important part of the whole equation, since it
                 directly affects the transparency of LM and DR. Related
                 works and solutions both from academia and the industry
                 are presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "26",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Koskinen:2016:RCR,
  author =       "Eric Koskinen and Junfeng Yang",
  title =        "Reducing crash recoverability to reachability",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--108",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2914770.2837648",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 9 17:13:57 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Software applications run on a variety of platforms
                 (filesystems, virtual slices, mobile hardware, etc.)
                 that do not provide 100\% uptime. As such, these
                 applications may crash at any unfortunate moment losing
                 volatile data and, when re-launched, they must be able
                 to correctly recover from potentially inconsistent
                 states left on persistent storage. From a verification
                 perspective, crash recovery bugs can be particularly
                 frustrating because, even when it has been formally
                 proved for a program that it satisfies a property, the
                 proof is foiled by these external events that crash and
                 restart the program. In this paper we first provide a
                 hierarchical formal model of what it means for a
                 program to be crash recoverable. Our model captures the
                 recoverability of many real world programs, including
                 those in our evaluation which use sophisticated
                 recovery algorithms such as shadow paging and
                 write-ahead logging. Next, we introduce a novel
                 technique capable of automatically proving that a
                 program correctly recovers from a crash via a reduction
                 to reachability. Our technique takes an input
                 control-flow automaton and transforms it into an
                 encoding that blends the capture of snapshots of
                 pre-crash states into a symbolic search for a proof
                 that recovery terminates and every recovered execution
                 simulates some crash-free execution. Our encoding is
                 designed to enable one to apply existing abstraction
                 techniques in order to do the work that is necessary to
                 prove recoverability. We have implemented our technique
                 in a tool called Eleven82, capable of analyzing C
                 programs to detect recoverability bugs or prove their
                 absence. We have applied our tool to benchmark examples
                 drawn from industrial file systems and databases,
                 including GDBM, LevelDB, LMDB, PostgreSQL, SQLite,
                 VMware and ZooKeeper. Within minutes, our tool is able
                 to discover bugs or prove that these fragments are
                 crash recoverable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "POPL '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kumar:2016:HTA,
  author =       "Mohan Raj Velayudhan Kumar and Shriram Raghunathan",
  title =        "Heterogeneity and thermal aware adaptive heuristics
                 for energy efficient consolidation of virtual machines
                 in infrastructure clouds",
  journal =      j-J-COMP-SYS-SCI,
  volume =       "82",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "191--212",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JCSSBM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2015.07.005",
  ISSN =         "0022-0000 (print), 1090-2724 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0022-0000",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 29 15:27:32 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcompsyssci.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002200001500080X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computer and System Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00220000",
}

@Article{Kuperman:2016:PR,
  author =       "Yossi Kuperman and Eyal Moscovici and Joel Nider and
                 Razya Ladelsky and Abel Gordon and Dan Tsafrir",
  title =        "Paravirtual Remote {I/O}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--65",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2954679.2872378",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 9 17:13:59 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The traditional ``trap and emulate'' I/O
                 paravirtualization model conveniently allows for I/O
                 interposition, yet it inherently incurs costly
                 guest-host context switches. The newer ``sidecore''
                 model eliminates this overhead by dedicating host
                 (side)cores to poll the relevant guest memory regions
                 and react accordingly without context switching. But
                 the dedication of sidecores on each host might be
                 wasteful when I/O activity is low, or it might not
                 provide enough computational power when I/O activity is
                 high. We propose to alleviate this problem at rack
                 scale by consolidating the dedicated sidecores spread
                 across several hosts onto one server. The hypervisor is
                 then effectively split into two parts: the local
                 hypervisor that hosts the VMs, and the remote
                 hypervisor that processes their paravirtual I/O. We
                 call this model vRIO---paraVirtual Remote I/O. We find
                 that by increasing the latency somewhat, it provides
                 comparable throughput with fewer sidecores and superior
                 throughput with the same number of sidecores as
                 compared to the state of the art. vRIO additionally
                 constitutes a new, cost-effective way to consolidate
                 I/O devices (on the remote hypervisor) while supporting
                 efficient programmable I/O interposition.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Lama:2016:APP,
  author =       "Palden Lama and Yanfei Guo and Changjun Jiang and
                 Xiaobo Zhou",
  title =        "Autonomic Performance and Power Control for Co-Located
                 {Web} Applications in Virtualized Datacenters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1289--1302",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2015.2453971",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 15 13:45:22 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2016/05/07152934-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2016/05/07152934-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Lee:2016:ACS,
  author =       "Byeongcheol Lee",
  title =        "Adaptive Correction of Sampling Bias in Dynamic Call
                 Graphs",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "45:1--45:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2840806",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 16 15:36:38 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article introduces a practical low-overhead
                 adaptive technique of correcting sampling bias in
                 profiling dynamic call graphs. Timer-based sampling
                 keeps the overhead low but sampling bias lowers the
                 accuracy when either observable call events or sampling
                 actions are not equally spaced in time. To mitigate
                 sampling bias, our adaptive correction technique
                 weights each sample by monitoring time-varying spacing
                 of call events and sampling actions. We implemented and
                 evaluated our adaptive correction technique in Jikes
                 RVM, a high-performance virtual machine. In our
                 empirical evaluation, our technique significantly
                 improved the sampling accuracy without measurable
                 overhead and resulted in effective feedback directed
                 inlining.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "45",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Lee:2016:HSC,
  author =       "Yuan-Cheng Lee and Chih-Wen Hsueh",
  title =        "Hardware\slash Software Co-Design of Memory Page
                 Translation for Mobile Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "3070--3082",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2016.2519907",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 13 06:19:58 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Li:2016:EEM,
  author =       "Hongjian Li and Guofeng Zhu and Chengyuan Cui and Hong
                 Tang and Yusheng Dou and Chen He",
  title =        "Energy-efficient migration and consolidation algorithm
                 of virtual machines in data centers for cloud
                 computing",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "98",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "303--317",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-015-0467-4",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 14:54:03 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/98/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Li:2016:ICV,
  author =       "Mingfu Li and Jingping Bi and Zhongcheng Li",
  title =        "Improving consolidation of virtual machine based on
                 virtual switching overhead estimation",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "158--167",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 8 11:55:17 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108480451500171X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Li:2016:SSO,
  author =       "Xi Li and Anthony Ventresque and John Murphy",
  title =        "{SOC}: Satisfaction-Oriented Virtual Machine
                 Consolidation in Enterprise Data Centers",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "130--150",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-014-0333-6",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 25 08:22:48 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766/44/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10766-014-0333-6",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Article{Li:2016:VMT,
  author =       "Hongxing Li and Chuan Wu and Zongpeng Li and Francis
                 C. M. Lau",
  title =        "Virtual machine trading in a federation of clouds:
                 individual profit and social welfare maximization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1827--1840",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 9 11:16:43 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "By sharing resources among different cloud providers,
                 the paradigm of federated clouds exploits temporal
                 availability of resources and geographical diversity of
                 operational costs for efficient job service. While
                 interoperability issues across different cloud
                 platforms in a cloud federation have been extensively
                 studied, fundamental questions on cloud economics
                 remain: When and how should a cloud trade resources
                 (e.g., virtual machines) with others, such that its net
                 profit is maximized over the long run, while a
                 close-to-optimal social welfare in the entire
                 federation can also be guaranteed? To answer this
                 question, a number of important, interrelated
                 decisions, including job scheduling, server
                 provisioning, and resource pricing, should be
                 dynamically and jointly made, while the long-term
                 profit optimality is pursued. In this work, we design
                 efficient algorithms for intercloud virtual machine
                 (VM) trading and scheduling in a cloud federation. For
                 VM transactions among clouds, we design a
                 double-auction-based mechanism that is strategy-proof,
                 individual-rational, ex-post budget-balanced, and
                 efficient to execute over time. Closely combined with
                 the auction mechanism is a dynamic VM trading and
                 scheduling algorithm, which carefully decides the true
                 valuations of VMs in the auction, optimally schedules
                 stochastic job arrivals with different service level
                 agreements (SLAs) onto the VMs, and judiciously turns
                 on and off servers based on the current electricity
                 prices. Through rigorous analysis, we show that each
                 individual cloud, by carrying out the dynamic algorithm
                 in the online double auction, can achieve a
                 time-averaged profit arbitrarily close to the offline
                 optimum. Asymptotic optimality in social welfare is
                 also achieved under homogeneous cloud settings. We
                 carry out simulations to verify the effectiveness of
                 our algorithms, and examine the achievable social
                 welfare under heterogeneous cloud settings, as driven
                 by the real-world Google cluster usage traces.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Lin:2016:BSC,
  author =       "Po-Ching Lin and Ying-Dar Lin and Cheng-Ying Wu and
                 Yuan-Cheng Lai and Yi-Chih Kao",
  title =        "Balanced Service Chaining in Software-Defined Networks
                 with Network Function Virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "68--76",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 17 05:45:00 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2016/11/mco2016110068-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/computer",
}

@Article{Lin:2016:HTS,
  author =       "Weiwei Lin and Wentai Wu and James Z. Wang",
  title =        "A Heuristic Task Scheduling Algorithm for
                 Heterogeneous Virtual Clusters",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2016",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "7040276:1--7040276:10",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7040276",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 07:53:42 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2016/7040276/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/",
  journalabr =   "Sci. Prog",
}

@Article{Lin:2016:JOQ,
  author =       "Shih-Chun Lin and Pu Wang and Min Luo",
  title =        "Jointly optimized {QoS}-aware virtualization and
                 routing in software defined networks",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "69--78",
  day =          "26",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 5 18:59:02 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138912861500256X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Lu:2016:VCV,
  author =       "Yaojie Lu and Seyedamin Rooholamin and Sotirios G.
                 Ziavras",
  title =        "Vector Coprocessor Virtualization for Simultaneous
                 Multithreading",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "57:1--57:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2898364",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 21 17:18:13 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Vector coprocessors (VPs), commonly being assigned
                 exclusively to a single thread/core, are not often
                 performance and energy efficient due to mismatches with
                 the vector needs of individual applications. We present
                 in this article an easy-to-implement VP virtualization
                 technique that, when applied, enables a multithreaded
                 VP to simultaneously execute multiple threads of
                 similar or arbitrary vector lengths to achieve improved
                 aggregate utilization. With a vector register file
                 (VRF) virtualization technique invented to dynamically
                 allocate physical vector registers to threads, our VP
                 virtualization approach improves programmer
                 productivity by providing at runtime a distinct
                 physical register name space to each competing thread,
                 thus eliminating the need to solve register-name
                 conflicts statically. We applied our virtualization
                 technique to a multithreaded VP and prototyped an
                 FPGA-based multicore processor system that supports VP
                 sharing as well as power gating for better energy
                 efficiency. Under the dynamic creation of disparate
                 threads, our benchmarking results show impressive VP
                 speedups of up to 333\% and total energy savings of up
                 to 37\% with proper thread scheduling and power gating
                 compared to a similar-sized system that allows VP
                 access to just one thread at a time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "57",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
}

@Article{Luo:2016:OMM,
  author =       "Qiuming Luo and Feng Xiao and Zhong Ming and Hao Li
                 and Jianyong Chen and Jianhua Zhang",
  title =        "Optimizing the Memory Management of a Virtual Machine
                 Monitor on a {NUMA} System",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "66--74",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2016.169",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 21 15:00:51 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2016/06/mco2016060066-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2016/06/mco2016060066-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/computer",
}

@Article{Maio:2016:MEC,
  author =       "Vincenzo {De Maio} and Radu Prodan and Shajulin
                 Benedict and Gabor Kecskemeti",
  title =        "Modelling energy consumption of network transfers and
                 virtual machine migration",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "388--406",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 12 06:47:21 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15002307",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Mann:2016:MAV,
  author =       "Zolt{\'a}n {\'A}d{\'a}m Mann",
  title =        "Multicore-Aware Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud
                 Data Centers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "3357--3369",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2016.2529629",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 11 05:14:24 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Martini:2016:SOA,
  author =       "Barbara Martini and Federica Paganelli",
  title =        "A Service-Oriented Approach for Dynamic Chaining of
                 Virtual Network Functions over Multi-Provider
                 Software-Defined Networks",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24",
  day =          "01",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi8020024",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:50:55 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/8/2/24",
  abstract =     "Emerging technologies such as Software-Defined
                 Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization
                 (NFV) promise to address cost reduction and flexibility
                 in network operation while enabling innovative network
                 service delivery models. However, operational network
                 service delivery solutions still need to be developed
                 that actually exploit these technologies, especially at
                 the multi-provider level. Indeed, the implementation of
                 network functions as software running over a
                 virtualized infrastructure and provisioned on a service
                 basis let one envisage an ecosystem of network services
                 that are dynamically and flexibly assembled by
                 orchestrating Virtual Network Functions even across
                 different provider domains, thereby coping with
                 changeable user and service requirements and context
                 conditions. In this paper we propose an approach that
                 adopts Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
                 technology-agnostic architectural guidelines in the
                 design of a solution for orchestrating and dynamically
                 chaining Virtual Network Functions. We discuss how SOA,
                 NFV, and SDN may complement each other in realizing
                 dynamic network function chaining through service
                 composition specification, service selection, service
                 delivery, and placement tasks. Then, we describe the
                 architecture of a SOA-inspired NFV orchestrator, which
                 leverages SDN-based network control capabilities to
                 address an effective delivery of elastic chains of
                 Virtual Network Functions. Preliminary results of
                 prototype implementation and testing activities are
                 also presented. The benefits for Network Service
                 Providers are also described that derive from the
                 adaptive network service provisioning in a
                 multi-provider environment through the orchestration of
                 computing and networking services to provide end users
                 with an enhanced service experience.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Ecosystemic Evolution Feeded by Smart
                 Systems.",
}

@Article{Marz:2016:RPC,
  author =       "Stephen Marz and Brad {Vander Zanden}",
  title =        "Reducing Power Consumption and Latency in Mobile
                 Devices Using an Event Stream Model",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2964203",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 3 16:48:38 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Most consumer-based mobile devices use asynchronous
                 events to awaken apps. Currently, event handling is
                 implemented in either an application or an application
                 framework such as Java's virtual machine (VM) or
                 Microsoft's .NET, and it uses a ``polling loop'' that
                 periodically queries an event queue to determine if an
                 event has occurred. These loops must awaken the
                 process, check for an event, and then put the process
                 back to sleep many times per second. This constant
                 arousal prevents the CPU from being put into a deep
                 sleep state, which increases power consumption.
                 Additionally, the process cannot check for events while
                 it sleeps, and this delay in handling events increases
                 latency, which is the time that elapses between when an
                 event occurs and when the application responds to the
                 event. We call this model of event handling a ``pull''
                 model because it needs to query hardware devices or
                 software queues in order to ``pull'' events from them.
                 Recent advances in input devices support direct,
                 informative interrupts to the kernel when an event
                 occurs. This allows us to develop a much more efficient
                 event-handling model called the ``Event Stream Model''
                 (ESM). This model is a push model that allows a process
                 to sleep as long as no event occurs but then
                 immediately awakens a process when an event occurs.
                 This model eliminates the polling loop, thus
                 eliminating latency-inducing sleep between polls and
                 reducing unnecessary power consumption. To work
                 properly, the ESM model must be implemented in the
                 kernel rather than in the application. In this article,
                 we describe how we implemented the ESM model in Android
                 operating system (OS). Our results show that with the
                 event stream model, power consumption is reduced by up
                 to 23.8\% in certain circumstances, and latency is
                 reduced by an average of 13.6ms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
  remark =       "Special issue on VIPES, special issue on ICESS2015 and
                 regular papers.",
}

@Article{Masdari:2016:OVM,
  author =       "Mohammad Masdari and Sayyid Shahab Nabavi and Vafa
                 Ahmadi",
  title =        "An overview of virtual machine placement schemes in
                 cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "106--127",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 20 11:42:21 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804516000291",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Merrifield:2016:PIE,
  author =       "Timothy Merrifield and H. Reza Taheri",
  title =        "Performance Implications of Extended Page Tables on
                 Virtualized x86 Processors",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "25--35",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892258",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Managing virtual memory is an expensive operation, and
                 becomes even more expensive on virtualized servers.
                 Processing TLB misses on a virtualized x86 server
                 requires a two-dimensional page walk that can have 6x
                 more page table lookups, hence 6x more memory
                 references, than a native page table walk. Thus much of
                 the recent research on the subject starts from the
                 assumption that TLB miss processing in virtual
                 environments is significantly more expensive than on
                 native servers. However, we will show that with the
                 latest software stack on modern x86 processors, most of
                 these page-table lookups are satisfied by internal
                 paging structure caches and the L1/L2 data caches, and
                 the actual virtualization overhead of TLB miss
                 processing is a modest fraction of the overall time
                 spent processing TLB misses. In this paper, we present
                 a detailed accounting of the TLB miss processing costs
                 on virtualized x86 servers for an exhaustive set of
                 workloads, in particular, two very demanding industry
                 standard workloads. We show that an implementation of
                 the TPC-C workload that actively uses 475 GB of memory
                 on a 72-CPU Haswell-EP server spends 20\% of its time
                 processing TLB misses when the application runs in a
                 VM. Although this is a non-trivial amount, it is only
                 4.2\% higher than the TLB miss processing costs on bare
                 metal. The multi-VM VMmark benchmark sees 12.3\% in TLB
                 miss processing, but only 4.3\% of that can be
                 attributed to virtualization overheads. We show that
                 even for the heaviest workloads, a well-tuned
                 application that uses large pages on a recent OS
                 release with a modern hypervisor running on the latest
                 x86 processors sees only minimal degradation from the
                 additional overhead of the two-dimensional page walks
                 in a virtualized server.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Nathan:2016:SRO,
  author =       "Senthil Nathan and Umesh Bellur and Purushottam
                 Kulkarni",
  title =        "On Selecting the Right Optimizations for Virtual
                 Machine Migration",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "37--49",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892247",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To reduce the migration time of a virtual machine and
                 network traffic generated during migration, existing
                 works have proposed a number of optimizations to
                 pre-copy live migration. These optimizations are delta
                 compression, page skip, deduplication, and data
                 compression. The cost-benefit analysis of these
                 optimizations may preclude the use of certain
                 optimizations in specific scenarios. However, no study
                 has compared the performance {\&} cost of these
                 optimizations, and identified the impact of application
                 behaviour on performance gain. Hence, it is not clear
                 for a given migration scenario and an application, what
                 is the best optimization that one must employ? In this
                 paper, we present a comprehensive empirical study using
                 a large number of workloads to provide recommendations
                 on selection of optimizations for pre-copy live
                 migration. The empirical study reveals that page skip
                 is an important optimization as it reduces network
                 traffic by 20\% with negligible additional CPU cost.
                 Data compression yields impressive gains in reducing
                 network traffic (37\%) but at the cost of a significant
                 increase in CPU consumption (5$ \times $).
                 De-duplication needs to be applied with utmost care as
                 the increase in CPU utilization might outweigh the
                 benefits considerably. The combination of page skip and
                 data compression works the best across workloads and
                 results in a significant reduction in network traffic
                 (40\%).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{No:2016:MMC,
  author =       "Jaechun No and Sung-soon Park",
  title =        "{MultiCache}: Multilayered Cache Implementation for
                 {I/O} Virtualization",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2016",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "3780163:1--3780163:13",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3780163",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 07:53:40 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2016/3780163/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/",
  journalabr =   "Sci. Prog",
}

@Article{OLoughlin:2016:SVM,
  author =       "John O'Loughlin and Lee Gillam",
  title =        "Sibling virtual machine co-location confirmation and
                 avoidance tactics for Public Infrastructure Clouds",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "961--984",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1627-9",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 7 12:01:25 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/72/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-016-1627-9.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Ouarnoughi:2016:ICP,
  author =       "Hamza Ouarnoughi and Jalil Boukhobza and Frank
                 Singhoff and St{\'e}phane Rubini",
  title =        "Integrating {I/Os} in {Cloudsim} for Performance and
                 Energy Estimation",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--36",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3041710.3041715",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 9 10:38:58 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article presents an extension of the IaaS Cloud
                 simulator CloudSim. This extension takes into account
                 the processing of i/o workload generated by virtual
                 machines within a data center, and evaluates the
                 overall performance and energy consumption. Indeed,
                 according to state-of-the-art mstudies, storage systems
                 energy consumption may account for as much as 40\% in a
                 data center. So, we modified the time computation model
                 of CloudSim to consider i/o operations. Additionally,
                 we designed several models of storage system devices
                 including Hard Disk Drives and Solid-State Drives. We
                 also modeled cpu utilization to compute the energy
                 consumptions related to i/o request processing. This
                 was achieved through machine learning techniques. Our
                 storage system extensions have been evaluated using
                 video encoding traces. The simulation results show that
                 a significant amount of energy, around 25\%, is
                 consumed due to i/o workload execution. This
                 corroborates the soundness of our CloudSim
                 extensions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Ouyang:2016:SUV,
  author =       "Jiannan Ouyang and John R. Lange and Haoqiang Zheng",
  title =        "{Shoot4U}: Using {VMM} Assists to Optimize {TLB}
                 Operations on Preempted {vCPUs}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "17--23",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892245",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual Machine based approaches to workload
                 consolidation, as seen in IaaS cloud as well as
                 datacenter platforms, have long had to contend with
                 performance degradation caused by synchronization
                 primitives inside the guest environments. These
                 primitives can be affected by virtual CPU preemptions
                 by the host scheduler that can introduce delays that
                 are orders of magnitude longer than those primitives
                 were designed for. While a significant amount of work
                 has focused on the behavior of spinlock primitives as a
                 source of these performance issues, spinlocks do not
                 represent the entirety of synchronization mechanisms
                 that are susceptible to scheduling issues when running
                 in a virtualized environment. In this paper we address
                 the virtualized performance issues introduced by TLB
                 shootdown operations. Our profiling study, based on the
                 PARSEC benchmark suite, has shown that up to 64\% of a
                 VM's CPU time can be spent on TLB shootdown operations
                 under certain workloads. In order to address this
                 problem, we present a paravirtual TLB shootdown scheme
                 named Shoot4U. Shoot4U completely eliminates TLB
                 shootdown preemptions by invalidating guest TLB entries
                 from the VMM and allowing guest TLB shootdown
                 operations to complete without waiting for remote
                 virtual CPUs to be scheduled. Our performance
                 evaluation using the PARSEC benchmark suite
                 demonstrates that Shoot4U can reduce benchmark runtime
                 by up to 85\% compared an unmodified Linux kernel, and
                 up to 44\% over a state-of-the-art paravirtual TLB
                 shootdown scheme.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Pape:2016:LIS,
  author =       "Tobias Pape and Tim Felgentreff and Robert Hirschfeld
                 and Anton Gulenko and Carl Friedrich Bolz",
  title =        "Language-independent storage strategies for tracing
                 {JIT}-based virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "104--113",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2936313.2816716",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 9 17:13:58 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Storage strategies have been proposed as a run-time
                 optimization for the PyPy Python implementation and
                 have shown promising results for optimizing execution
                 speed and memory requirements. However, it remained
                 unclear whether the approach works equally well in
                 other dynamic languages. Furthermore, while PyPy is
                 based on RPython, a language to write VMs with reusable
                 components such as a tracing just-in-time compiler and
                 garbage collection, the strategies design itself was
                 not generalized to be reusable across languages
                 implemented using that same toolchain. In this paper,
                 we present a general design and implementation for
                 storage strategies and show how they can be reused
                 across different RPython-based languages. We evaluate
                 the performance of our implementation for RSqueak, an
                 RPython-based VM for Squeak/Smalltalk and show that
                 storage strategies may indeed offer performance
                 benefits for certain workloads in other dynamic
                 programming languages.We furthermore evaluate the
                 generality of our implementation by applying it to
                 Topaz, a Ruby VM, and Pycket, a Racket
                 implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DLS '15 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Park:2016:VCB,
  author =       "Joonseok Park and Youngmin An and Taejun Kang and
                 Keunhyuk Yeom",
  title =        "Virtual cloud bank: consumer-centric service
                 recommendation process and architectural perspective
                 for cloud service brokers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "98",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1153--1184",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-016-0497-6",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 14:54:06 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/98/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Paulo:2016:EDD,
  author =       "Jo{\~a}o Paulo and Jos{\'e} Pereira",
  title =        "Efficient Deduplication in a Distributed Primary
                 Storage Infrastructure",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2876509",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 25 07:00:07 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tos/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A large amount of duplicate data typically exists
                 across volumes of virtual machines in cloud computing
                 infrastructures. Deduplication allows reclaiming these
                 duplicates while improving the cost-effectiveness of
                 large-scale multitenant infrastructures. However,
                 traditional archival and backup deduplication systems
                 impose prohibitive storage overhead for virtual
                 machines hosting latency-sensitive applications.
                 Primary deduplication systems reduce such penalty but
                 rely on special cluster filesystems, centralized
                 components, or restrictive workload assumptions. Also,
                 some of these systems reduce storage overhead by
                 confining deduplication to off-peak periods that may be
                 scarce in a cloud environment. We present DEDIS, a
                 dependable and fully decentralized system that performs
                 cluster-wide off-line deduplication of virtual
                 machines' primary volumes. DEDIS works on top of any
                 unsophisticated storage backend, centralized or
                 distributed, as long as it exports a basic shared block
                 device interface. Also, DEDIS does not rely on data
                 locality assumptions and incorporates novel
                 optimizations for reducing deduplication overhead and
                 increasing its reliability. The evaluation of an
                 open-source prototype shows that minimal I/O overhead
                 is achievable even when deduplication and intensive
                 storage I/O are executed simultaneously. Also, our
                 design scales out and allows collocating DEDIS
                 components and virtual machines in the same servers,
                 thus, sparing the need of additional hardware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J960",
}

@Article{Peng:2016:RTE,
  author =       "Yaqiong Peng and Song Wu and Hai Jin",
  title =        "{Robinhood}: Towards Efficient Work-Stealing in
                 Virtualized Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2363--2376",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2015.2492563",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 19 06:55:24 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2016/08/07300465-abs.html",
  abstract-URL = "http://csdl.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2016/08/07300465-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Peng:2016:TCT,
  author =       "Yang Peng and Kai Chen and Guohui Wang and Wei Bai and
                 Yangming Zhao and Hao Wang and Yanhui Geng and Zhiqiang
                 Ma and Lin Gu",
  title =        "Towards Comprehensive Traffic Forecasting in Cloud
                 Computing: Design and Application",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2210--2222",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2015.2458892",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 28 17:19:55 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we present our effort towards
                 comprehensive traffic forecasting for big data
                 applications using external, light-weighted file system
                 monitoring. Our idea is motivated by the key
                 observations that rich traffic demand information
                 already exists in the log and meta-data files of many
                 big data applications, and that such information can be
                 readily extracted through run-time file system
                 monitoring. As the first step, we use Hadoop as a
                 concrete example to explore our methodology and develop
                 a system called HadoopWatch to predict traffic demands
                 of Hadoop applications. We further implement
                 HadoopWatch in a small-scale testbed with 10 physical
                 servers and 30 virtual machines. Our experiments over a
                 series of MapReduce applications demonstrate that
                 HadoopWatch can forecast the traffic demand with almost
                 100\% accuracy and time advance. Furthermore, it makes
                 no modification on the Hadoop framework, and introduces
                 little overhead to the application performance.
                 Finally, to showcase the utility of accurate traffic
                 prediction made by HadoopWatch, we design and implement
                 a simple HadoopWatch-enabled network optimization
                 module into the HadoopWatch controller, and with
                 realistic Hadoop job benchmarks we find that even a
                 simple algorithm can leverage the forecasting results
                 provided by HadoopWatch to significantly improve the
                 Hadoop job completion time by up to 14.72\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Petrashko:2016:CGL,
  author =       "Dmitry Petrashko and Vlad Ureche and Ondrej Lhot{\'a}k
                 and Martin Odersky",
  title =        "Call graphs for languages with parametric
                 polymorphism",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "394--409",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3022671.2983991",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:13 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The performance of contemporary object oriented
                 languages depends on optimizations such as
                 devirtualization, inlining, and specialization, and
                 these in turn depend on precise call graph analysis.
                 Existing call graph analyses do not take advantage of
                 the information provided by the rich type systems of
                 contemporary languages, in particular generic type
                 arguments. Many existing approaches analyze Java
                 bytecode, in which generic types have been erased. This
                 paper shows that this discarded information is actually
                 very useful as the context in a context-sensitive
                 analysis, where it significantly improves precision and
                 keeps the running time small. Specifically, we propose
                 and evaluate call graph construction algorithms in
                 which the contexts of a method are (i) the type
                 arguments passed to its type parameters, and (ii) the
                 static types of the arguments passed to its term
                 parameters. The use of static types from the caller as
                 context is effective because it allows more precise
                 dispatch of call sites inside the callee. Our
                 evaluation indicates that the average number of
                 contexts required per method is small. We implement the
                 analysis in the Dotty compiler for Scala, and evaluate
                 it on programs that use the type-parametric Scala
                 collections library and on the Dotty compiler itself.
                 The context-sensitive analysis runs 1.4x faster than a
                 context-insensitive one and discovers 20\% more
                 monomorphic call sites at the same time. When applied
                 to method specialization, the imprecision in a
                 context-insensitive call graph would require the
                 average method to be cloned 22 times, whereas the
                 context-sensitive call graph indicates a much more
                 practical 1.00 to 1.50 clones per method. We applied
                 the proposed analysis to automatically specialize
                 generic methods. The resulting automatic transformation
                 achieves the same performance as state-of-the-art
                 techniques requiring manual annotations, while reducing
                 the size of the generated bytecode by up to 5 $ \times
                 $.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Pietri:2016:MVM,
  author =       "Ilia Pietri and Rizos Sakellariou",
  title =        "Mapping Virtual Machines onto Physical Machines in
                 Cloud Computing: a Survey",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "49:1--49:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2983575",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 8 16:12:56 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Cloud computing enables users to provision resources
                 on demand and execute applications in a way that meets
                 their requirements by choosing virtual resources that
                 fit their application resource needs. Then, it becomes
                 the task of cloud resource providers to accommodate
                 these virtual resources onto physical resources. This
                 problem is a fundamental challenge in cloud computing
                 as resource providers need to map virtual resources
                 onto physical resources in a way that takes into
                 account the providers' optimization objectives. This
                 article surveys the relevant body of literature that
                 deals with this mapping problem and how it can be
                 addressed in different scenarios and through different
                 objectives and optimization techniques. The evaluation
                 aspects of different solutions are also considered. The
                 article aims at both identifying and classifying
                 research done in the area adopting a categorization
                 that can enhance understanding of the problem.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "49",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Piraghaj:2016:VMC,
  author =       "Sareh Fotuhi Piraghaj and Rodrigo N. Calheiros and
                 Jeffrey Chan and Amir Vahid Dastjerdi and Rajkumar
                 Buyya",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Customization and Task Mapping
                 Architecture for Efficient Allocation of Cloud Data
                 Center Resources",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "208--224",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxv106",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 4 06:36:17 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/2.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/2/208",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "November 30, 2015",
}

@Article{Plotkin:2016:SNV,
  author =       "Gordon D. Plotkin and Nikolaj Bj{\o}rner and Nuno P.
                 Lopes and Andrey Rybalchenko and George Varghese",
  title =        "Scaling network verification using symmetry and
                 surgery",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "69--83",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2914770.2837657",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 9 17:13:57 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "On the surface, large data centers with about 100,000
                 stations and nearly a million routing rules are complex
                 and hard to verify. However, these networks are highly
                 regular by design; for example they employ fat tree
                 topologies with backup routers interconnected by
                 redundant patterns. To exploit these regularities, we
                 introduce network transformations: given a reachability
                 formula and a network, we transform the network into a
                 simpler to verify network and a corresponding
                 transformed formula, such that the original formula is
                 valid in the network if and only if the transformed
                 formula is valid in the transformed network. Our
                 network transformations exploit network surgery (in
                 which irrelevant or redundant sets of nodes, headers,
                 ports, or rules are ``sliced'' away) and network
                 symmetry (say between backup routers). The validity of
                 these transformations is established using a formal
                 theory of networks. In particular, using Van
                 Benthem--Hennessy--Milner style bisimulation, we show
                 that one can generally associate bisimulations to
                 transformations connecting networks and formulas with
                 their transforms. Our work is a development in an area
                 of current wide interest: applying programming language
                 techniques (in our case bisimulation and modal logic)
                 to problems in switching networks. We provide
                 experimental evidence that our network transformations
                 can speed up by 65x the task of verifying the
                 communication between all pairs of Virtual Machines in
                 a large datacenter network with about 100,000 VMs. An
                 all-pair reachability calculation, which formerly took
                 5.5 days, can be done in 2 hours, and can be easily
                 parallelized to complete in minutes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "POPL '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Prades:2016:CAX,
  author =       "Javier Prades and Carlos Rea{\~n}o and Federico
                 Silla",
  title =        "{CUDA} acceleration for {Xen} virtual machines in
                 {InfiniBand} clusters with {rCUDA}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "35:1--35:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3016078.2851181",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Many data centers currently use virtual machines (VMs)
                 to achieve a more efficient usage of hardware
                 resources. However, current virtualization solutions,
                 such as Xen, do not easily provide graphics processing
                 unit (GPU) accelerators to applications running in the
                 virtualized domain with the flexibility usually
                 required in data centers (i.e., managing virtual GPU
                 instances and concurrently sharing them among several
                 VMs). Remote GPU virtualization frameworks such as the
                 rCUDA solution may address this problem. In this work
                 we analyze the use of the rCUDA framework to accelerate
                 scientific applications running inside Xen VMs. Results
                 show that the use of the rCUDA framework is a feasible
                 approach, featuring a very low overhead if an
                 InfiniBand fabric is already present in the cluster.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PPoPP '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Qiang:2016:SCF,
  author =       "Weizhong Qiang and Kang Zhang and Weiqi Dai and Hai
                 Jin",
  title =        "Secure cryptographic functions via
                 virtualization-based outsourced computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "3149--3163",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3706",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 13 08:30:11 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Radhakrishnan:2016:ECC,
  author =       "A. Radhakrishnan and V. Kavitha",
  title =        "Energy conservation in cloud data centers by
                 minimizing virtual machines migration through
                 artificial neural network",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "98",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1185--1202",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-016-0499-4",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 14:54:06 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/98/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Reano:2016:TRG,
  author =       "Carlos Rea{\~n}o and Federico Silla",
  title =        "Tuning remote {GPU} virtualization for {InfiniBand}
                 networks",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "4520--4545",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1754-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 24 10:31:30 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/72/12;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Ren:2016:SMO,
  author =       "Yi Ren and Ling Liu and Qi Zhang and Qingbo Wu and
                 Jianbo Guan and Jinzhu Kong and Huadong Dai and Lisong
                 Shao",
  title =        "Shared-Memory Optimizations for Inter-Virtual-Machine
                 Communication",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49:1--49:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2847562",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 2 16:19:12 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machines (VMs) and virtualization are one of
                 the core computing technologies today. Inter-VM
                 communication is not only prevalent but also one of the
                 leading costs for data-intensive systems and
                 applications in most data centers and cloud computing
                 environments. One way to improve inter-VM communication
                 efficiency is to support coresident VM communication
                 using shared-memory-based methods and resort to the
                 traditional TCP/IP for communications between VMs that
                 are located on different physical machines. In recent
                 years, several independent kernel development efforts
                 have been dedicated to improving communication
                 efficiency between coresident VMs using shared-memory
                 channels, and the development efforts differ from one
                 another in terms of where and how the shared-memory
                 channel is established. In this article, we provide a
                 comprehensive overview of the design choices and
                 techniques for performance optimization of coresident
                 inter-VM communication. We examine the key issues for
                 improving inter-VM communication using
                 shared-memory-based mechanisms, such as implementation
                 choices in the software stack, seamless agility for
                 dynamic addition or removal of coresident VMs, and
                 multilevel transparency, as well as advanced
                 requirements in reliability, security, and stability.
                 An in-depth comparison of state-of-the-art research
                 efforts, implementation techniques, evaluation methods,
                 and performance is conducted. We conjecture that this
                 comprehensive survey will not only provide the
                 foundation for developing the next generation of
                 inter-VM communication optimization mechanisms but also
                 offers opportunities to both cloud infrastructure
                 providers and cloud service providers and consumers for
                 improving communication efficiency between coresident
                 VMs in virtualized computing platforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "49",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Ritson:2016:BWM,
  author =       "Carl G. Ritson and Scott Owens",
  title =        "Benchmarking weak memory models",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3016078.2851150",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To achieve good multi-core performance, modern
                 microprocessors have weak memory models, rather than
                 enforce sequential consistency. This gives the
                 programmer a wide scope for choosing exactly how to
                 implement various aspects of inter-thread communication
                 through the system's shared memory. However, these
                 choices come with both semantic and performance
                 consequences, often in tension with each other. In this
                 paper, we focus on the performance side, and define
                 techniques for evaluating the impact of various choices
                 in using weak memory models, such as where to put
                 fences, and which fences to use. We make no attempt to
                 judge certain strategies as best or most efficient, and
                 instead provide the techniques that will allow the
                 programmer to understand the performance implications
                 when identifying and resolving any semantic/performance
                 trade-offs. In particular, our technique supports the
                 reasoned selection of macrobenchmarks to use in
                 investigating trade-offs in using weak memory models.
                 We demonstrate our technique on both synthetic
                 benchmarks and real-world applications for the Linux
                 Kernel and OpenJDK Hotspot Virtual Machine on the ARMv8
                 and POWERv7 architectures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PPoPP '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Robinson:2016:CCM,
  author =       "Forrest J. Robinson and Michael R. Jantz and Prasad A.
                 Kulkarni",
  title =        "Code cache management in managed language {VMs} to
                 reduce memory consumption for embedded systems",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "11--20",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2980930.2907958",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 5 07:32:24 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The compiled native code generated by a just-in-time
                 (JIT) compiler in managed language virtual machines
                 (VM) is placed in a region of memory called the code
                 cache. Code cache management (CCM) in a VM is
                 responsible to find and evict methods from the code
                 cache to maintain execution correctness and manage
                 program performance for a given code cache size or
                 memory budget. Effective CCM can also boost program
                 speed by enabling more aggressive JIT compilation,
                 powerful optimizations, and improved hardware
                 instruction cache and I-TLB performance. Though
                 important, CCM is an overlooked component in VMs. We
                 find that the default CCM policies in Oracle's
                 production-grade HotSpot VM perform poorly even at
                 modest memory pressure. We develop a detailed
                 simulation-based framework to model and evaluate the
                 potential efficiency of many different CCM policies in
                 a controlled and realistic, but VM-independent
                 environment. We make the encouraging discovery that
                 effective CCM policies can sustain high program
                 performance even for very small cache sizes. Our
                 simulation study provides the rationale and motivation
                 to improve CCM strategies in existing VMs. We implement
                 and study the properties of several CCM policies in
                 HotSpot. We find that in spite of working within the
                 bounds of the HotSpot VM's current CCM sub-system, our
                 best CCM policy implementation in HotSpot improves
                 program performance over the default CCM algorithm by
                 39\%, 41\%, 55\%, and 50\% with code cache sizes that
                 are 90\%, 75\%, 50\%, and 25\% of the desired cache
                 size, on average.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "LCTES '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Rodriguez-Silva:2016:IVR,
  author =       "Daniel A. Rodr{\'\i}guez-Silva and Jaime
                 Loureiro-Acu{\~n}a and Francisco J.
                 Gonz{\'a}lez-Casta{\~n}o and Cristina L{\'o}pez-Bravo",
  title =        "Improving the virtualization of rich applications by
                 combining {VNC} and streaming protocols at the
                 hypervisor layer",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "625--644",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2328",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 8 07:13:22 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Salimian:2016:AFT,
  author =       "Leili Salimian and Faramarz Safi Esfahani and
                 Mohammad-Hossein Nadimi-Shahraki",
  title =        "An adaptive fuzzy threshold-based approach for energy
                 and performance efficient consolidation of virtual
                 machines",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "98",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "641--660",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-015-0474-5",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 14:54:04 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/98/6;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Samant:2016:HBS,
  author =       "Durgesh Samant and Umesh Bellur",
  title =        "Handling Boot Storms in Virtualized Data Centers --- A
                 Survey",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16:1--16:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2932709",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 8 16:12:55 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Large-scale virtual machine (VM) deployment in
                 virtualized data centers is a very slow process. This
                 is primarily due to the resource bottlenecks that are
                 created at the storage, network, and host physical
                 machines when a large number of VMs are requested
                 simultaneously. For companies that provide virtual
                 desktops to their employees, it is common to encounter
                 such requests each day, when their employees turn up
                 for work. In addition, a large number of VMs are often
                 required to be deployed instantly, in order to absorb a
                 spike in the workload, at online e-commerce websites.
                 In such scenarios, long deployment times are
                 unacceptable, and reducing them is of paramount
                 importance. In this article, we first abstract out the
                 key techniques suggested in the literature to speed up
                 this deployment process. We follow this with a
                 classification of these techniques into a taxonomy and
                 propose a framework that can be used to compare them.
                 Finally, we identify problem areas that warrant further
                 research and bring out the shortcomings of the current
                 state-of-the-art solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "16",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Sarimbekov:2016:WCJ,
  author =       "Aibek Sarimbekov and Lukas Stadler and Lubom{\'\i}r
                 Bulej and Andreas Sewe and Andrej Podzimek and Yudi
                 Zheng and Walter Binder",
  title =        "Workload characterization of {JVM} languages",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1053--1089",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2337",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 13 08:44:22 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Sarkar:2016:VEC,
  author =       "Vivek Sarkar",
  title =        "Virtualizing the Edge of the Cloud: the New Frontier",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1--1",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892243",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Over the last two decades, virtualization technologies
                 have turned datacenter infrastructure into multitenant,
                 dynamically provisionable, elastic resource, and formed
                 the basis for the wide adoption of cloud computing.
                 Many of today's cloud applications, however, are based
                 on continuous interactions with end users and their
                 devices, and the trend is only expected to intensify
                 with the expansion of the Internet of Things. The
                 consequent bandwidth and latency requirements of these
                 emerging workloads push the cloud boundary outside of
                 traditional datacenters, giving rise to an edge tier in
                 the end-device-to-cloud-backend infrastructure.
                 Computational resources embedded in anything from
                 standalone microservers to WiFi routers and small cell
                 access points, and their open APIs, present
                 opportunities for deploying application logic and state
                 closer to where it is being used, addressing both
                 latency and backhaul bandwidth problems. This talk will
                 look at the role that existing virtualization
                 technologies can play in providing in this edge tier
                 the required flexibility, dynamic provisioning and
                 isolation, and will outline open problems that require
                 development of new solutions. We will also discuss the
                 opportunities to leverage these technologies to further
                 deal with the diversity in the end-user device and IoT
                 space.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Sgandurra:2016:EAT,
  author =       "Daniele Sgandurra and Emil Lupu",
  title =        "Evolution of Attacks, Threat Models, and Solutions for
                 Virtualized Systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "46:1--46:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2856126",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 9 09:29:36 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization technology enables Cloud providers to
                 efficiently use their computing services and resources.
                 Even if the benefits in terms of performance,
                 maintenance, and cost are evident, however,
                 virtualization has also been exploited by attackers to
                 devise new ways to compromise a system. To address
                 these problems, research security solutions have
                 evolved considerably over the years to cope with new
                 attacks and threat models. In this work, we review the
                 protection strategies proposed in the literature and
                 show how some of the solutions have been invalidated by
                 new attacks, or threat models, that were previously not
                 considered. The goal is to show the evolution of the
                 threats, and of the related security and trust
                 assumptions, in virtualized systems that have given
                 rise to complex threat models and the corresponding
                 sophistication of protection strategies to deal with
                 such attacks. We also categorize threat models,
                 security and trust assumptions, and attacks against a
                 virtualized system at the different layers-in
                 particular, hardware, virtualization, OS, and
                 application.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "46",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Shi:2016:OAF,
  author =       "Weijie Shi and Linquan Zhang and Chuan Wu and Zongpeng
                 Li and Francis C. M. Lau",
  title =        "An Online Auction Framework for Dynamic Resource
                 Provisioning in Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2060--2073",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2015.2444657",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 28 17:19:55 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Auction mechanisms have recently attracted substantial
                 attention as an efficient approach to pricing and
                 allocating resources in cloud computing. This work, to
                 the authors' knowledge, represents the first online
                 combinatorial auction designed for the cloud computing
                 paradigm, which is general and expressive enough to
                 both: (1) optimize system efficiency across the
                 temporal domain instead of at an isolated time point;
                 and (2) model dynamic provisioning of heterogeneous
                 virtual machine VM types in practice. The final result
                 is an online auction framework that is truthful,
                 computationally efficient, and guarantees a competitive
                 ratio \approx 3.30 in social welfare in typical
                 scenarios. The framework consists of three main steps:
                 (1) a tailored primal-dual algorithm that decomposes
                 the long-term optimization into a series of independent
                 one-shot optimization problems, with a small additive
                 loss in competitive ratio; (2) a randomized
                 subframework that applies primal-dual optimization for
                 translating a centralized cooperative social welfare
                 approximation algorithm into an auction mechanism,
                 retaining the competitive ratio while adding
                 truthfulness; and (3) a primal-dual algorithm for
                 approximating the one-shot optimization with a ratio
                 close to e. We also propose two extensions: (1) a
                 binary search algorithm that improves the average-case
                 performance; (2) an improvement to the online auction
                 framework when a minimum budget spending fraction is
                 guaranteed, which produces a better competitive ratio.
                 The efficacy of the online auction framework is
                 validated through theoretical analysis and trace-driven
                 simulation studies. We are also in the hope that the
                 framework can be instructive in auction design for
                 other related problems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Shi:2016:PPA,
  author =       "Xiaoyu Shi and Jin Dong and Seddik M. Djouadi and Yong
                 Feng and Xiao Ma and Yefu Wang",
  title =        "{PAPMSC}: Power-Aware Performance Management Approach
                 for Virtualized {Web} Servers via Stochastic Control",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "171--191",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-015-9341-z",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 30 08:02:34 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/14/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-015-9341-z",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Shuja:2016:SMD,
  author =       "Junaid Shuja and Abdullah Gani and Kashif Bilal and
                 Atta Ur Rehman Khan and Sajjad A. Madani and Samee U.
                 Khan and Albert Y. Zomaya",
  title =        "A Survey of Mobile Device Virtualization: Taxonomy and
                 State of the Art",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2897164",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 8 16:12:55 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent growth in the processing and memory resources
                 of mobile devices has fueled research within the field
                 of mobile virtualization. Mobile virtualization enables
                 multiple persona on a single mobile device by hosting
                 heterogeneous operating systems (OSs) concurrently.
                 However, adding a virtualization layer to
                 resource-constrained mobile devices with real-time
                 requirements can lead to intolerable performance
                 overheads. Hardware virtualization extensions that
                 support efficient virtualization have been incorporated
                 in recent mobile processors. Prior to hardware
                 virtualization extensions, virtualization techniques
                 that are enabled by performance prohibitive and
                 resource consuming software were adopted for mobile
                 devices. Moreover, mobile virtualization solutions lack
                 standard procedures for device component sharing and
                 interfacing between multiple OSSs. The objective of
                 this article is to survey software- and hardware-based
                 mobile virtualization techniques in light of the recent
                 advancements fueled by the hardware support for mobile
                 virtualization. Challenges and issues faced in
                 virtualization of CPU, memory, I/O, interrupt, and
                 network interfaces are highlighted. Moreover, various
                 performance parameters are presented in a detailed
                 comparative analysis to quantify the efficiency of
                 mobile virtualization techniques and solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Solaimani:2016:OAD,
  author =       "Mohiuddin Solaimani and Mohammed Iftekhar and Latifur
                 Khan and Bhavani Thuraisingham and Joe Ingram and Sadi
                 Evren Seker",
  title =        "Online anomaly detection for multi-source {VMware}
                 using a distributed streaming framework",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1479--1497",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2390",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 15 15:25:10 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Spink:2016:HAC,
  author =       "Tom Spink and Harry Wagstaff and Bj{\"o}rn Franke",
  title =        "Hardware-Accelerated Cross-Architecture Full-System
                 Virtualization",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "36:1--36:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2996798",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 28 16:24:46 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Hardware virtualization solutions provide users with
                 benefits ranging from application isolation through
                 server consolidation to improved disaster recovery and
                 faster server provisioning. While hardware assistance
                 for virtualization is supported by all major processor
                 architectures, including Intel, ARM, PowerPC, and MIPS,
                 these extensions are targeted at virtualization of the
                 same architecture, for example, an x86 guest on an x86
                 host system. Existing techniques for cross-architecture
                 virtualization, for example, an ARM guest on an x86
                 host, still incur a substantial overhead for CPU,
                 memory, and I/O virtualization due to the necessity for
                 software emulation of these mismatched system
                 components. In this article, we present a new
                 hardware-accelerated hypervisor called C aptive,
                 employing a range of novel techniques that exploit
                 existing hardware virtualization extensions for
                 improving the performance of full-system cross-platform
                 virtualization. We illustrate how (1) guest memory
                 management unit (MMU) events and operations can be
                 mapped onto host memory virtualization extensions,
                 eliminating the need for costly software MMU emulation,
                 (2) a block-based dynamic binary translation engine
                 inside the virtual machine can improve CPU
                 virtualization performance, (3) memory-mapped guest I/O
                 can be efficiently translated to fast I/O specific
                 calls to emulated devices, and (4) the cost for
                 asynchronous guest interrupts can be reduced. For an
                 ARM-based Linux guest system running on an x86 host
                 with Intel VT support, we demonstrate application
                 performance levels, based on SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks,
                 of up to 5.88$ \times $ over state-of-the-art Qemu and
                 2.5$ \times $ on average, achieving a guest dynamic
                 instruction throughput of up to 1280 MIPS (million
                 instructions per second) and 915.52 MIPS, on average.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "36",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Sun:2016:NTE,
  author =       "Gang Sun and Dan Liao and Vishal Anand and Dongcheng
                 Zhao and Hongfang Yu",
  title =        "A new technique for efficient live migration of
                 multiple virtual machines",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "74--86",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 4 07:08:16 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15002848",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Suzuki:2016:GGV,
  author =       "Yusuke Suzuki and Shinpei Kato and Hiroshi Yamada and
                 Kenji Kono",
  title =        "{GPUvm}: {GPU} Virtualization at the Hypervisor",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2752--2766",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2015.2506582",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 10 09:04:52 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Toosi:2016:AMC,
  author =       "Adel Nadjaran Toosi and Kurt Vanmechelen and Farzad
                 Khodadadi and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "An Auction Mechanism for Cloud Spot Markets",
  journal =      j-TAAS,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2843945",
  ISSN =         "1556-4665 (print), 1556-4703 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-4665",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 21 08:51:10 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Dynamic forms of resource pricing have recently been
                 introduced by cloud providers that offer Infrastructure
                 as a Service (IaaS) capabilities in order to maximize
                 profits and balance resource supply and demand. The
                 design of a mechanism that efficiently prices
                 perishable cloud resources in line with a provider's
                 profit maximization goal remains an open research
                 challenge, however. In this article, we propose the
                 Online Extended Consensus Revenue Estimate mechanism in
                 the setting of a recurrent, multiunit and single price
                 auction for IaaS cloud resources. The mechanism is
                 envy-free, has a high probability of being truthful,
                 and generates a near optimal profit for the provider.
                 We combine the proposed auction design with a scheme
                 for dynamically calculating reserve prices based on
                 data center Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and
                 electricity costs. Our simulation-based evaluation of
                 the mechanism demonstrates its effectiveness under a
                 broad variety of market conditions. In particular, we
                 show how it improves on the classical uniform price
                 auction, and we investigate the value of prior
                 knowledge on the execution time of virtual machines for
                 maximizing profit. We also developed a system prototype
                 and conducted a small-scale experimental study with a
                 group of 10 users that confirms the truthfulness
                 property of the mechanism in a real test environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems
                 (TAAS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1010",
}

@Article{Trajano:2016:TPL,
  author =       "Alex F. R. Trajano and Marcial P. Fernandez",
  title =        "Two-phase load balancing of {In-Memory Key-Value
                 Storages} using {Network Functions Virtualization
                 (NFV)}",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--13",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 20 11:42:22 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804516300789",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Varvello:2016:MPC,
  author =       "Matteo Varvello and Rafael Laufer and Feixiong Zhang
                 and T. V. Lakshman",
  title =        "Multilayer Packet Classification With Graphics
                 Processing Units",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "2728--2741",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2015.2491265",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 21 07:15:39 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The rapid growth of server virtualization has ignited
                 a wide adoption of software-based virtual switches,
                 with significant interest in speeding up their
                 performance. In a similar trend, software-defined
                 networking SDN, with its strong reliance on rule-based
                 flow classification, has also created renewed interest
                 in multi-dimensional packet classification. However,
                 despite these recent advances, the performance of
                 current software-based packet classifiers is still
                 limited, mostly by the low parallelism of
                 general-purpose CPUs. In this paper, we explore how to
                 accelerate packet classification using the high
                 parallelism and latency-hiding capabilities of graphic
                 processing units GPUs. We implement GPU-accelerated
                 versions for both linear and tuple search, currently
                 deployed in virtual switches, and also introduce a
                 novel algorithm called Bloom search. These algorithms
                 are integrated with high-speed packet I/O to build
                 GSwitch, a GPU-accelerated software switch, and also to
                 extend Open vSwitch. Our experimental evaluation
                 indicates that, under realistic rule sets, GSwitch is
                 at least 7 $ {\times } $ faster than an equally-priced
                 CPU classifier. We also show that our GPU-accelerated
                 Open vSwitch outperforms the classic Open vSwitch
                 implementation by a factor of 10, on average.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Venkatesan:2016:SCA,
  author =       "Vimalraj Venkatesan and Y. C. Tay and Qingsong Wei",
  title =        "Sizing Cleancache Allocation for Virtual Machines'
                 Transcendent Memory",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1949--1963",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2015.2456025",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 31 08:56:47 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers -",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Verdu:2016:PSA,
  author =       "Javier Verdu and Alex Pajuelo",
  title =        "Performance Scalability Analysis of {JavaScript}
                 Applications with {Web Workers}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "105--108",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/LCA.2015.2494585",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Web applications are getting closer to the performance
                 of native applications taking advantage of new
                 standard-based technologies. The recent HTML5 standard
                 includes, among others, the Web Workers API that allows
                 executing JavaScript applications on multiple threads,
                 or workers. However, the internals of the browser's
                 JavaScript virtual machine does not expose direct
                 relation between workers and running threads in the
                 browser and the utilization of logical cores in the
                 processor. As a result, developers do not know how
                 performance actually scales on different environments
                 and therefore what is the optimal number of workers on
                 parallel JavaScript codes. This paper presents the
                 first performance scalability analysis of parallel web
                 apps with multiple workers. We focus on two case
                 studies representative of different worker execution
                 models. Our analyses show performance scaling on
                 different parallel processor microarchitectures and on
                 three major web browsers in the market. Besides, we
                 study the impact of co-running applications on the web
                 app performance. The results provide insights for
                 future approaches to automatically find out the optimal
                 number of workers that provide the best tradeoff
                 between performance and resource usage to preserve
                 system responsiveness and user experience, especially
                 on environments with unexpected changes on system
                 workload.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Verdu, J (Reprint Author), BarcelonaTECH UPC, Dept
                 Comp Architecture, Barcelona, Spain. Verdu, Javier;
                 Pajuelo, Alex, BarcelonaTECH UPC, Dept Comp
                 Architecture, Barcelona, Spain.",
  author-email = "jverdu@ac.upc.edu mpajuelo@ac.upc.edu",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "EH9MM",
  eissn =        "1556-6064",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  funding-acknowledgement = "Spanish Ministry of Economy and
                 Competitiveness (MINECO) [TIN2012-34557]",
  funding-text = "This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry
                 of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under contract
                 TIN2012-34557.",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "HTML5; javascript; multithreading; parallelism; web
                 apps; web workers",
  number-of-cited-references = "12",
  oa =           "Green Published",
  ORCID-numbers = "Pajuelo, Alex/0000-0002-5510-6860 Verdu Mula,
                 Javier/0000-0003-4485-2419",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  times-cited =  "1",
  unique-id =    "Verdu:2016:PSA",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Vinco:2016:CMV,
  author =       "Sara Vinco and Valerio Guarnieri and Franco Fummi",
  title =        "Code Manipulation for Virtual Platform Integration",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2694--2708",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2015.2500573",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 10 09:04:52 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Waldspurger:2016:SSL,
  author =       "Carl Waldspurger and Emery Berger and Abhishek
                 Bhattacharjee and Kevin Pedretti and Simon Peter and
                 Chris Rossbach",
  title =        "Sweet Spots and Limits for Virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "177--177",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892249",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This year at VEE, we added a panel to discuss the
                 state of virtualization: what problems are solved? what
                 problems are important? and what problems may not be
                 worth solving? The panelist are experts in areas
                 ranging from hardware virtualization up to
                 language-level virtualization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wang:2016:BPF,
  author =       "Yang Wang and Qian Hu and Xiaojun Cao",
  title =        "A branch-and-price framework for optimal virtual
                 network embedding",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "94",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "318--326",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 5 18:54:57 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128615004089",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Wang:2016:CIK,
  author =       "Huang Wang and Xianglan Chen and Huaping Chen",
  title =        "A Cross-{ISA} Kernelized High-Performance Parallel
                 Emulator",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1118--1141",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-015-0379-0",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 10:50:01 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766/44/6;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10766-015-0379-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
  keywords =     "Cross-ISA emulator; Dynamic binary translation; QEMU;
                 Virtual machine; xKEMU",
}

@Article{Wang:2016:DMB,
  author =       "Zhigang Wang and Xiaolin Wang and Fang Hou and Yingwei
                 Luo and Zhenlin Wang",
  title =        "Dynamic Memory Balancing for Virtualization",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2851501",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 5 16:27:36 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Allocating memory dynamically for virtual machines
                 (VMs) according to their demands provides significant
                 benefits as well as great challenges. Efficient memory
                 resource management requires knowledge of the memory
                 demands of applications or systems at runtime. A widely
                 proposed approach is to construct a miss ratio curve
                 (MRC) for a VM, which not only summarizes the current
                 working set size (WSS) of the VM but also models the
                 relationship between its performance and the target
                 memory allocation size. Unfortunately, the cost of
                 monitoring and maintaining the MRC structures is
                 nontrivial. This article first introduces a low-cost
                 WSS tracking system with effective optimizations on
                 data structures, as well as an efficient mechanism to
                 decrease the frequency of monitoring. We also propose a
                 Memory Balancer (MEB), which dynamically reallocates
                 guest memory based on the predicted WSS. Our
                 experimental results show that our prediction schemes
                 yield a high accuracy of 95.2\% and low overhead of
                 2\%. Furthermore, the overall system throughput can be
                 significantly improved with MEB, which brings a speedup
                 up to 7.4 for two to four VMs and 4.54 for an
                 overcommitted system with 16 VMs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Wang:2016:ECA,
  author =       "Bei Wang and Yuxia Cheng and Wenzhi Chen and Qinming
                 He and Yang Xiang and Mohammad Mehedi Hassan and
                 Abdulhameed Alelaiwi",
  title =        "Efficient consolidation-aware {VCPU} scheduling on
                 multicore virtualization platform",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "229--237",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 12 06:47:21 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15002605",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Wang:2016:PDI,
  author =       "Shangguang Wang and Ao Zhou and Ching-Hsien Hsu and
                 Xuanyu Xiao and Fangchun Yang",
  title =        "Provision of Data-Intensive Services Through Energy-
                 and {QoS}-Aware Virtual Machine Placement in National
                 Cloud Data Centers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-EMERG-TOP-COMPUT,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "290--300",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2016",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2015.2508383",
  ISSN =         "2168-6750 (print), 2376-4562 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 14:02:06 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransemergtopcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6245516",
}

@Article{Wang:2016:TSN,
  author =       "Yang Wang and Phanvu Chau and Fuyu Chen",
  title =        "Towards a secured network virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "104",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "55--65",
  day =          "20",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 3 11:42:22 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128616301219",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Wei:2016:PVR,
  author =       "Yi Wei and M. Brian Blake",
  title =        "Proactive virtualized resource management for service
                 workflows in the cloud",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "98",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "523--538",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-014-0419-4",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 14:54:04 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/98/5;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Weng:2016:CMV,
  author =       "Chuliang Weng and Qian Liu and Kenli Li and Deqing
                 Zou",
  title =        "{CloudMon}: Monitoring Virtual Machines in Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3787--3793",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2016.2560809",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 10 05:41:07 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{West:2016:VSK,
  author =       "Richard West and Ye Li and Eric Missimer and Matthew
                 Danish",
  title =        "A Virtualized Separation Kernel for Mixed-Criticality
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2935748",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 17 16:09:15 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tocs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Multi- and many-core processors are becoming
                 increasingly popular in embedded systems. Many of these
                 processors now feature hardware virtualization
                 capabilities, as found on the ARM Cortex A15 and x86
                 architectures with Intel VT-x or AMD-V support.
                 Hardware virtualization provides a way to partition
                 physical resources, including processor cores, memory,
                 and I/O devices, among guest virtual machines (VMs).
                 Each VM is then able to host tasks of a specific
                 criticality level, as part of a mixed-criticality
                 system with different timing and safety requirements.
                 However, traditional virtual machine systems are
                 inappropriate for mixed-criticality computing. They use
                 hypervisors to schedule separate VMs on physical
                 processor cores. The costs of trapping into hypervisors
                 to multiplex and manage machine physical resources on
                 behalf of separate guests are too expensive for many
                 time-critical tasks. Additionally, traditional
                 hypervisors have memory footprints that are often too
                 large for many embedded computing systems. In this
                 article, we discuss the design of the Quest-V
                 separation kernel, which partitions services of
                 different criticality levels across separate VMs, or
                 sandboxes. Each sandbox encapsulates a subset of
                 machine physical resources that it manages without
                 requiring intervention from a hypervisor. In Quest-V, a
                 hypervisor is only needed to bootstrap the system,
                 recover from certain faults, and establish
                 communication channels between sandboxes. This not only
                 reduces the memory footprint of the most privileged
                 protection domain but also removes it from the control
                 path during normal system operation, thereby
                 heightening security.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J774",
}

@Article{Williams:2016:EEH,
  author =       "Dan Williams and Yaohui Hu and Umesh Deshpande and
                 Piush K. Sinha and Nilton Bila and Kartik Gopalan and
                 Hani Jamjoom",
  title =        "Enabling Efficient Hypervisor-as-a-Service Clouds with
                 Ephemeral Virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "79--92",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892254",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "When considering a hypervisor, cloud providers must
                 balance conflicting requirements for simple, secure
                 code bases with more complex, feature-filled offerings.
                 This paper introduces Dichotomy, a new two-layer cloud
                 architecture in which the roles of the hypervisor are
                 split. The cloud provider runs a lean hyperplexor that
                 has the sole task of multiplexing hardware and running
                 more substantial hypervisors (called featurevisors)
                 that implement features. Cloud users choose
                 featurevisors from a selection of lightly-modified
                 hypervisors potentially offered by third-parties in an
                 ``as-a-service'' model for each VM. Rather than running
                 the featurevisor directly on the hyperplexor using
                 nested virtualization, Dichotomy uses a new
                 virtualization technique called ephemeral
                 virtualization which efficiently (and repeatedly)
                 transfers control of a VM between the hyperplexor and
                 featurevisor using memory mapping techniques. Nesting
                 overhead is only incurred when the VM is accessed by
                 the featurevisor. We have implemented Dichotomy in
                 KVM/QEMU and demonstrate average switching times of 80
                 ms, two to three orders of magnitude faster than live
                 VM migration. We show that, for the featurevisor
                 applications we evaluated, VMs hosted in Dichotomy
                 deliver up to 12\% better performance than those hosted
                 on nested hypervisors, and continue to show benefit
                 even when the featurevisor applications run as often as
                 every 2.5~seconds.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wu:2016:IBP,
  author =       "Song Wu and Songqiao Tao and Xiao Ling and Hao Fan and
                 Hai Jin and Shadi Ibrahim",
  title =        "{iShare}: Balancing {I/O} performance isolation and
                 disk {I/O} efficiency in virtualized environments",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "386--399",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3496",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 9 06:13:21 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "28 May 2015",
}

@Article{Xie:2016:GCF,
  author =       "Yi Xie and Yu Wang and Haitao He and Yang Xiang and
                 Shunzheng Yu and Xincheng Liu",
  title =        "A General Collaborative Framework for Modeling and
                 Perceiving Distributed Network Behavior",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "3162--3176",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2015.2512609",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 21 07:15:39 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Collaborative Anomaly Detection CAD is an emerging
                 field of network security in both academia and
                 industry. It has attracted a lot of attention, due to
                 the limitations of traditional fortress-style defense
                 modes. Even though a number of pioneer studies have
                 been conducted in this area, few of them concern about
                 the universality issue. This work focuses on two
                 aspects of it. First, a unified collaborative detection
                 framework is developed based on network virtualization
                 technology. Its purpose is to provide a generic
                 approach that can be applied to designing specific
                 schemes for various application scenarios and
                 objectives. Second, a general behavior perception model
                 is proposed for the unified framework based on hidden
                 Markov random field. Spatial Markovianity is introduced
                 to model the spatial context of distributed network
                 behavior and stochastic interaction among
                 interconnected nodes. Algorithms are derived for
                 parameter estimation, forward prediction, backward
                 smooth, and the normality evaluation of both global
                 network situation and local behavior. Numerical
                 experiments using extensive simulations and several
                 real datasets are presented to validate the proposed
                 solution. Performance-related issues and comparison
                 with related works are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Xu:2016:CBA,
  author =       "Jiwei Xu and Wenbo Zhang and Zhenyu Zhang and Tao Wang
                 and Tao Huang",
  title =        "Clustering-based acceleration for virtual machine
                 image deduplication in the cloud environment",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "121",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "144--156",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 06:53:44 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216000534",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212/",
}

@Article{Xu:2016:HIA,
  author =       "Fei Xu and Fangming Liu and Hai Jin",
  title =        "Heterogeneity and Interference-Aware Virtual Machine
                 Provisioning for Predictable Performance in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2470--2483",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2015.2481403",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 11 18:58:52 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers -",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Xu:2016:SER,
  author =       "Xin Xu and H. Howie Huang",
  title =        "On Soft Error Reliability of Virtualization
                 Infrastructure",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3727--3739",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2016.2560817",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 10 05:41:07 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Xu:2016:SHS,
  author =       "Xin Xu and Bhavesh Davda",
  title =        "{SRVM}: Hypervisor Support for Live Migration with
                 Passthrough {SR-IOV} Network Devices",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "65--77",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007611.2892256",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Single-Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) is a
                 specification that allows a single PCI Express (PCIe)
                 device (physical function or PF) to be used as multiple
                 PCIe devices (virtual functions or VF). In a
                 virtualization system, each VF can be directly assigned
                 to a virtual machine (VM) in passthrough mode to
                 significantly improve the network performance. However,
                 VF passthrough mode is not compatible with live
                 migration, which is an essential capability that
                 enables many advanced virtualization features such as
                 high availability and resource provisioning. To solve
                 this problem, we design SRVM which provides hypervisor
                 support to ensure the VF device can be correctly used
                 by the migrated VM and the applications. SRVM is
                 implemented in the hypervisor without modification in
                 guest operating systems or guest VM drivers. Our
                 experimental results show that SRVM can effectively
                 migrate all memory state, and there is no data loss or
                 corruption in applications after live migration. SRVM
                 does not increase VM downtime. It only costs limited
                 resources (an extra CPU core), and there is no
                 significant runtime overhead in VM network performance.
                 In fact, since the VF can continue to be used during
                 the pre-copy phase, it offers network throughput which
                 is 9.6 times and network latency which is 98\% lower
                 compared to other solutions that switch to
                 para-virtualization mode during live migration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Yamanaka:2016:TFF,
  author =       "Hiroaki Yamanaka and Eiji Kawai and Shinji Shimojo",
  title =        "A technique for full flow virtualization of
                 multi-tenant {OpenFlow} networks",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--19",
  day =          "19",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 23 08:59:35 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128616300585",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{You:2016:SRB,
  author =       "Yi-Ping You and Jian-Ru Chen",
  title =        "A static region-based compiler for the {Dalvik}
                 virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1109--1130",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2344",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 13 08:44:22 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Zeng:2016:VEF,
  author =       "Lingfang Zeng and Shijie Xu and Yang Wang",
  title =        "{VMBackup}: an efficient framework for online virtual
                 machine image backup and recovery",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2630--2643",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3724",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 8 06:47:20 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Zhang:2016:CGS,
  author =       "Youhui Zhang and Peng Qu and Jiang Cihang and Weimin
                 Zheng",
  title =        "A Cloud Gaming System Based on User-Level
                 Virtualization and Its Resource Scheduling",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1239--1252",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 15 13:45:22 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2016/05/07109163.pdf",
  abstract-URL = "http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2016/05/07109163-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Zhang:2016:GDL,
  author =       "Jiao Zhang and Fengyuan Ren and Ran Shu and Tao Huang
                 and Yunjie Liu",
  title =        "Guaranteeing Delay of Live Virtual Machine Migration
                 by Determining and Provisioning Appropriate Bandwidth",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2910--2917",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2015.2500560",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 10 09:04:52 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Zhang:2016:MAV,
  author =       "Tianwei Zhang and Ruby B. Lee",
  title =        "Monitoring and Attestation of Virtual Machine Security
                 Health in Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "28--37",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 1 14:24:13 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/2016/05/mmi2016050028-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
}

@Article{Zhao:2016:SHC,
  author =       "Qian Zhao and Motoki Amagasaki and Masahiro Iida and
                 Morihiro Kuga and Toshinori Sueyoshi",
  title =        "A Study of Heterogeneous Computing Design Method based
                 on Virtualization Technology",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "86--91",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3039902.3039918",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 12 18:43:44 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "One challenge for the heterogeneous computing with the
                 FPGA is how to bridge the development gap between SW
                 and HW designs. The high level synthesis (HLS)
                 technique allows producing hardware with high level
                 languages like C. Design tools based on the HLS like
                 Xilinx SDSoC and SDAccel are developed to speedup SW/HW
                 co-designs. However, the developers still require much
                 circuit design skills to use these tools more
                 efficiently. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous
                 computing platform based on the virtualization
                 technology, namely hCODE.With the help of the
                 virtualization, the HW and SW design can be totally
                 separated. This brings multiple benefits like
                 accelerating a program without modifying or recompiling
                 it, enable high portability and scalability across
                 different HW and operating system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "HEART '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zheng:2016:VMC,
  author =       "Qinghua Zheng and Rui Li and Xiuqi Li and Nazaraf Shah
                 and Jianke Zhang and Feng Tian and Kuo-Ming Chao and
                 Jia Li",
  title =        "Virtual machine consolidated placement based on
                 multi-objective biogeography-based optimization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "95--122",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 15 11:00:07 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15000564",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Zhou:2016:VMP,
  author =       "Zhou Zhou and Zhigang Hu and Keqin Li",
  title =        "Virtual Machine Placement Algorithm for Both
                 Energy-Awareness and {SLA} Violation Reduction in Cloud
                 Data Centers",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2016",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "5612039:1--5612039:11",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5612039",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 07:53:42 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/2016/5612039/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sp/",
  journalabr =   "Sci. Prog",
}

@Article{Abdelaziz:2017:SDW,
  author =       "Ahmed Abdelaziz and Ang Tan Fong and Abdullah Gani and
                 Suleman Khan and Faiz Alotaibi and Muhammad Khurram
                 Khan",
  title =        "On Software-Defined Wireless Network {(SDWN)} Network
                 Virtualization: Challenges and Open Issues",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1510--1519",
  day =          "1",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxx063",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 16 10:43:39 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/60/10/1510/4321712",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Agarwal:2017:TAT,
  author =       "Neha Agarwal and Thomas F. Wenisch",
  title =        "{Thermostat}: Application-transparent Page Management
                 for Two-tiered Main Memory",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "631--644",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3093337.3037706",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 5 18:01:58 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The advent of new memory technologies that are denser
                 and cheaper than commodity DRAM has renewed interest in
                 two-tiered main memory schemes. Infrequently accessed
                 application data can be stored in such memories to
                 achieve significant memory cost savings. Past research
                 on two-tiered main memory has assumed a 4KB page size.
                 However, 2MB huge pages are performance critical in
                 cloud applications with large memory footprints,
                 especially in virtualized cloud environments, where
                 nested paging drastically increases the cost of 4KB
                 page management. We present Thermostat, an
                 application-transparent huge-page-aware mechanism to
                 place pages in a dual-technology hybrid memory system
                 while achieving both the cost advantages of two-tiered
                 memory and performance advantages of transparent huge
                 pages. We present an online page classification
                 mechanism that accurately classifies both 4KB and 2MB
                 pages as hot or cold while incurring no observable
                 performance overhead across several representative
                 cloud applications. We implement Thermostat in Linux
                 kernel version 4.5 and evaluate its effectiveness on
                 representative cloud computing workloads running under
                 KVM virtualization. We emulate slow memory with
                 performance characteristics approximating near-future
                 high-density memory technology and show that Thermostat
                 migrates up to 50\% of application footprint to slow
                 memory while limiting performance degradation to 3\%,
                 thereby reducing memory cost up to 30\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS'17 conference proceedings",
}

@Article{Alam:2017:DIY,
  author =       "Hanna Alam and Tianhao Zhang and Mattan Erez and Yoav
                 Etsion",
  title =        "Do-It-Yourself Virtual Memory Translation",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "457--468",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140659.3080209",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 11:09:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we introduce the Do-It-Yourself virtual
                 memory translation (DVMT) architecture as a flexible
                 complement for current hardware-fixed translation
                 flows. DVMT decouples the virtual-to-physical mapping
                 process from the access permissions, giving
                 applications freedom in choosing mapping schemes, while
                 maintaining security within the operating system.
                 Furthermore, DVMT is designed to support virtualized
                 environments, as a means to collapse the costly,
                 hardware-assisted two-dimensional translations. We
                 describe the architecture in detail and demonstrate its
                 effectiveness by evaluating several different DVMT
                 schemes on a range of virtualized applications with a
                 model based on measurements from a commercial system.
                 We show that different DVMT configurations preserve the
                 native performance, while achieving speedups of 1.2x to
                 2.0x in virtualized environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Arroba:2017:DVF,
  author =       "Patricia Arroba and Jos{\'e} M. Moya and Jos{\'e} L.
                 Ayala and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "Dynamic {Voltage} and {Frequency Scaling}-aware
                 dynamic consolidation of virtual machines for energy
                 efficient cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "25",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4067",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 08:22:36 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Auler:2017:HIP,
  author =       "Rafael Auler and Carlos Eduardo Millani and Alexandre
                 Brisighello and Alisson Linhares and Edson Borin",
  title =        "Handling {IoT} platform heterogeneity with {COISA}, a
                 compact {OpenISA} virtual platform",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3932",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 30 09:11:59 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Ayoubi:2017:RMC,
  author =       "Sara Ayoubi and Chadi Assi and Yiheng Chen and Tarek
                 Khalifa and Khaled Bashir Shaban",
  title =        "Restoration methods for cloud multicast virtual
                 networks",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "180--190",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 31 07:48:43 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804516302764",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Barrett:2017:VMW,
  author =       "Edd Barrett and Carl Friedrich Bolz-Tereick and
                 Rebecca Killick and Sarah Mount and Laurence Tratt",
  title =        "Virtual machine warmup blows hot and cold",
  journal =      j-PACMPL,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "OOPSLA",
  pages =        "52:1--52:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3133876",
  ISSN =         "2475-1421",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 10 09:45:26 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmpl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "52",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages",
  journal-URL =  "https://pacmpl.acm.org/",
}

@Article{Bassem:2017:MCP,
  author =       "Christine Bassem and Azer Bestavros",
  title =        "Multi-Capacity Bin Packing with Dependent Items and
                 its Application to the Packing of Brokered Workloads in
                 Virtualized Environments",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "129--144",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 19:02:16 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16302771",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Beckert:2017:RTA,
  author =       "Matthias Beckert and Rolf Ernst",
  title =        "Response Time Analysis for Sporadic Server Based
                 Budget Scheduling in Real Time Virtualization
                 Environments",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "5s",
  pages =        "161:1--161:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3126559",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 17 18:16:33 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization techniques for embedded real-time
                 systems typically employ TDMA scheduling to achieve
                 temporal isolation among different virtualized
                 applications. Recent work already introduced sporadic
                 server based solutions relying on budgets instead of a
                 fixed TDMA schedule. While providing better
                 average-case response times for IRQs and tasks, a
                 formal response time analysis for the worst-case is
                 still missing. In order to confirm the advantage of a
                 sporadic server based budget scheduling, this paper
                 provides a worst-case response time analysis. To
                 improve the sporadic server based budget scheduling
                 even more, we provide a background scheduling
                 implementation which will also be covered by the formal
                 analysis. We show correctness of the analysis approach
                 and compare it against TDMA based systems. In addition
                 to that, we provide response time measurements from a
                 working hypervisor implementation on an ARM based
                 development board.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "161",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
}

@Article{Belay:2017:IOS,
  author =       "Adam Belay and George Prekas and Mia Primorac and Ana
                 Klimovic and Samuel Grossman and Christos Kozyrakis and
                 Edouard Bugnion",
  title =        "The {IX} Operating System: Combining Low Latency, High
                 Throughput, and Efficiency in a Protected Dataplane",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2997641",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 09:40:46 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tocs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The conventional wisdom is that aggressive networking
                 requirements, such as high packet rates for small
                 messages and $ \mu $ s-scale tail latency, are best
                 addressed outside the kernel, in a user-level
                 networking stack. We present ix, a dataplane operating
                 system that provides high I/O performance and high
                 resource efficiency while maintaining the protection
                 and isolation benefits of existing kernels. ix uses
                 hardware virtualization to separate management and
                 scheduling functions of the kernel (control plane) from
                 network processing (dataplane). The dataplane
                 architecture builds upon a native, zero-copy API and
                 optimizes for both bandwidth and latency by dedicating
                 hardware threads and networking queues to dataplane
                 instances, processing bounded batches of packets to
                 completion, and eliminating coherence traffic and
                 multicore synchronization. The control plane
                 dynamically adjusts core allocations and
                 voltage/frequency settings to meet service-level
                 objectives. We demonstrate that ix outperforms Linux
                 and a user-space network stack significantly in both
                 throughput and end-to-end latency. Moreover, ix
                 improves the throughput of a widely deployed, key-value
                 store by up to 6.$ 4 \times $ and reduces tail latency
                 by more than $ 2 \times $ . With three varying load
                 patterns, the control plane saves 46\%--54\% of
                 processor energy, and it allows background jobs to run
                 at 35\%--47\% of their standalone throughput.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J774",
}

@Article{Bianchi:2017:MRB,
  author =       "Francesco Bianchi and Francesco {Lo Presti}",
  title =        "A {Markov} Reward based Resource-Latency Aware
                 Heuristic for the Virtual Network Embedding Problem",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "57--68",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3092819.3092827",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 7 17:10:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "An ever increasing use of virtualization in various
                 emerging scenarios, e.g.: Cloud Computing, Software
                 Defined Networks, Data Streaming Processing, asks
                 Infrastructure Providers (InPs) to optimize the
                 allocation of the virtual network requests (VNRs) into
                 a substrate network while satisfying QoS requirements.
                 In this work, we propose MCRM, a two-stage virtual
                 network embedding (VNE) algorithm with delay and
                 placement constraints. Our solution revolves around a
                 novel notion of similarity between virtual and physical
                 nodes. To this end, taking advantage of Markov Reward
                 theory, we define a set of metrics for each physical
                 and virtual node which captures the amount of resources
                 in a node neighborhood as well as the degree of
                 proximity among nodes. By defining a notion of
                 similarity between nodes we then simply map virtual
                 nodes to the most similar physical node in the
                 substrate network. We have thoroughly evaluated our
                 algorithm through simulation. Our experiments show that
                 MCRM achieves good performance results in terms of
                 blocking probability and revenues for the InP, as well
                 as a high and uniform utilization of resources, while
                 satisfying the delay and placement requirements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Briggs:2017:COI,
  author =       "Kim T. Briggs and Baoguo Zhou and Gerhard W. Dueck",
  title =        "Cold object identification in the {Java Virtual
                 Machine}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "79--95",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2396",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 18 10:00:11 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Bruno:2017:NPG,
  author =       "Rodrigo Bruno and Lu{\'\i}s Picciochi Oliveira and
                 Paulo Ferreira",
  title =        "{NG2C}: pretenuring garbage collection with dynamic
                 generations for {HotSpot} big data applications",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2--13",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3156685.3092272",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 1 18:56:13 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Big Data applications suffer from unpredictable and
                 unacceptably high pause times due to Garbage Collection
                 (GC). This is the case in latency-sensitive
                 applications such as on-line credit-card fraud
                 detection, graph-based computing for analysis on social
                 networks, etc. Such pauses compromise latency
                 requirements of the whole application stack and result
                 from applications' aggressive buffering/caching of
                 data, exposing an ill-suited GC design, which assumes
                 that most objects will die young and does not consider
                 that applications hold large amounts of middle-lived
                 data in memory. To avoid such pauses, we propose NG2C,
                 a new GC algorithm that combines pretenuring with
                 user-defined dynamic generations. By being able to
                 allocate objects into different generations, NG2C is
                 able to group objects with similar lifetime profiles in
                 the same generation. By allocating objects with similar
                 lifetime profiles close to each other, i.e. in the same
                 generation, we avoid object promotion (copying between
                 generations) and heap fragmentation (which leads to
                 heap compactions) both responsible for most of the
                 duration of HotSpot GC pause times. NG2C is implemented
                 for the OpenJDK 8 HotSpot Java Virtual Machine, as an
                 extension of the Garbage First GC. We evaluate NG2C
                 using Cassandra, Lucene, and GraphChi with three
                 different GCs: Garbage First (G1), Concurrent Mark
                 Sweep (CMS), and NG2C. Results show that NG2C decreases
                 the worst observable GC pause time by up to 94.8\% for
                 Cassandra, 85.0\% for Lucene and 96.45\% for GraphChi,
                 when compared to current collectors (G1 and CMS). In
                 addition, NG2c has no negative impact on application
                 throughput or memory usage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Canali:2017:ICP,
  author =       "Claudia Canali and Riccardo Lancellotti",
  title =        "Identifying Communication Patterns between Virtual
                 Machines in Software-Defined Data Centers",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--56",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3092819.3092826",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 7 17:10:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Modern cloud data centers typically exploit management
                 strategies to reduce the overall energy consumption.
                 While most of the solutions focus on the energy
                 consumption due to computational elements, the advent
                 of the Software-Defined Network paradigm opens the
                 possibility for more complex strategies taking into
                 account the network traffic exchange within the data
                 center. However, a network-aware Virtual Machine (VM)
                 allocation requires the knowledge of data communication
                 patterns, so that VMs exchanging significant amount of
                 data can be placed on the same physical host or on low
                 cost communication paths. In Infrastructure as a
                 Service data centers, the information about VMs traffic
                 exchange is not easily available unless a specialized
                 monitoring function is deployed over the data center
                 infrastructure. The main contribution of this paper is
                 a methodology to infer VMs communication patterns
                 starting from input/output network traffic time series
                 of each VM and without relaying on a special purpose
                 monitoring. Our reference scenario is a
                 software-defined data center hosting a multi-tier
                 application deployed using horizontal replication. The
                 proposed methodology has two main goals to support a
                 network-aware VMs allocation: first, to identify
                 couples of intensively communicating VMs through
                 correlation-based analysis of the time series; second,
                 to identify VMs belonging to the same vertical stack of
                 a multi-tier application. We evaluate the methodology
                 by comparing different correlation indexes, clustering
                 algorithms and time granularities to monitor the
                 network traffic. The experimental results demonstrate
                 the capability of the proposed approach to identify
                 interacting VMs, even in a challenging scenario where
                 the traffic patterns are similar in every VM belonging
                 to the same application tier.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Canali:2017:SAV,
  author =       "Claudia Canali and Riccardo Lancellotti",
  title =        "Scalable and automatic virtual machines placement
                 based on behavioral similarities",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "99",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "575--595",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-016-0498-5",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 14:54:09 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/99/6;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Cao:2017:EMN,
  author =       "Zizhong Cao and Shivendra S. Panwar and Murali
                 Kodialam and T. V. Lakshman",
  title =        "Enhancing Mobile Networks With Software Defined
                 Networking and Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1431--1444",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2016.2638463",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 3 16:29:32 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In the past decade, mobile devices and applications
                 have experienced an explosive growth, and users are
                 expecting higher data rates and better quality services
                 every year. In this paper, we propose several ideas to
                 increase the functionality and capacity of wireless
                 networks using software-defined networking SDN and
                 cloud computing technologies. Connections between users
                 and services in mobile networks typically have to pass
                 through a required set of middleboxes. The complex
                 routing is one of the major impetus for the SDN
                 paradigm, which enables flexible policy-aware routing
                 in the next generation mobile networks. In addition,
                 the high costs of middleboxes and limited capabilities
                 of mobile devices call for revolutionary virtualization
                 technologies enabled by cloud computing. Based on
                 these, we consider an online routing problem for mobile
                 networks with SDN and cloud computing. In this problem,
                 connection requests are given one at a time as in a
                 real mobile system, and the objective is to steer
                 traffic flows to maximize the total amount of traffic
                 accepted over time, subject to capacity, budget,
                 policy, and quality of service constraints. A fast
                 log-competitive approximation algorithm is developed
                 based on time-dependent duals.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Cao:2017:VNM,
  author =       "Yang Cao and Wenfei Fan and Shuai Ma",
  title =        "Virtual Network Mapping in Cloud Computing: a Graph
                 Pattern Matching Approach",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "60--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "????",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 11 14:16:28 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/string-matching.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/60/3/287/2608063/Virtual-Network-Mapping-in-Cloud-Computing-A-Graph",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Carabas:2017:EEV,
  author =       "Mihai Carabas and Pantelimon George Popescu",
  title =        "Energy-efficient virtualized clusters",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "151--157",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 19:02:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15003313",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Ceselli:2017:MEC,
  author =       "Alberto Ceselli and Marco Premoli and Stefano Secci",
  title =        "Mobile Edge Cloud Network Design Optimization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1818--1831",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2017.2652850",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 3 16:29:32 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Major interest is currently given to the integration
                 of clusters of virtualization servers, also referred to
                 as \lq cloudlets' or \lq edge clouds', into the access
                 network to allow higher performance and reliability in
                 the access to mobile edge computing services. We tackle
                 the edge cloud network design problem for mobile access
                 networks. The model is such that the virtual machines
                 VMs are associated with mobile users and are allocated
                 to cloudlets. Designing an edge cloud network implies
                 first determining where to install cloudlet facilities
                 among the available sites, then assigning sets of
                 access points, such as base stations to cloudlets,
                 while supporting VM orchestration and considering
                 partial user mobility information, as well as the
                 satisfaction of service-level agreements. We present
                 link-path formulations supported by heuristics to
                 compute solutions in reasonable time. We qualify the
                 advantage in considering mobility for both users and
                 VMs as up to 20\% less users not satisfied in their SLA
                 with a little increase of opened facilities. We compare
                 two VM mobility modes, bulk and live migration, as a
                 function of mobile cloud service requirements,
                 determining that a high preference should be given to
                 live migration, while bulk migrations seem to be a
                 feasible alternative on delay-stringent tiny-disk
                 services, such as augmented reality support, and only
                 with further relaxation on network constraints.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Chamanara:2017:QSH,
  author =       "Javad Chamanara and Birgitta K{\"o}nig-Ries and H. V.
                 Jagadish",
  title =        "{QUIS}: in-situ heterogeneous data source querying",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1877--1880",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.14778/3137765.3137798",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 10 17:16:19 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "Existing data integration frameworks are poorly suited
                 for the special requirements of scientists. To answer a
                 specific research question, often, excerpts of data
                 from different sources need to be integrated. The
                 relevant parts and the set of underlying sources may
                 differ from query to query. The analyses also
                 oftentimes involve frequently changing data and
                 exploratory querying. Additionally, The data sources
                 not only store data in different formats, but also
                 provide inconsistent data access functionality. The
                 classic Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) approach seems too
                 complex and time-consuming and does not fit well with
                 interest and expertise of the scientists. With QUIS
                 (QUery In-Situ), we provide a solution for this
                 problem. QUIS is an open source heterogeneous in-situ
                 data querying system. It utilizes a federated query
                 virtualization approach that is built upon plugged-in
                 adapters. QUIS takes a user query and transforms
                 appropriate portions of it into the corresponding
                 computation model on individual data sources and
                 executes it. It complements the segments of the query
                 that the target data sources can not execute. Hence, it
                 guarantees full syntax and semantic support for its
                 language on all data sources. QUIS's in-situ querying
                 facility almost eliminates the time to prepare the data
                 while maintaining a competitive performance and steady
                 scalability. The present demonstration illustrates
                 interesting features of the system: virtual Schemas,
                 heterogeneous joins, and visual query results. We
                 provide a realistic data processing scenario to examine
                 the system's features. Users can interact with QUIS
                 using its desktop workbench, command line interface, or
                 from any R client including RStudio Server.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1174",
}

@Article{Chari:2017:BEH,
  author =       "Guido Chari and Diego Garbervetsky and Stefan Marr",
  title =        "Building efficient and highly run-time adaptable
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "60--71",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3093334.2989234",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:15 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Programming language virtual machines (VMs) realize
                 language semantics, enforce security properties, and
                 execute applications efficiently. Fully Reflective
                 Execution Environments (EEs) are VMs that additionally
                 expose their whole structure and behavior to
                 applications. This enables developers to observe and
                 adapt VMs at run time. However, there is a belief that
                 reflective EEs are not viable for practical usages
                 because such flexibility would incur a high performance
                 overhead. To refute this belief, we built a reflective
                 EE on top of a highly optimizing dynamic compiler. We
                 introduced a new optimization model that, based on the
                 conjecture that variability of low-level (EE-level)
                 reflective behavior is low in many scenarios, mitigates
                 the most significant sources of the performance
                 overheads related to the reflective capabilities in the
                 EE. Our experiments indicate that reflective EEs can
                 reach peak performance in the order of standard VMs.
                 Concretely, that (a) if reflective mechanisms are not
                 used the execution overhead is negligible compared to
                 standard VMs, (b) VM operations can be redefined at
                 language-level without incurring in significant
                 overheads, (c) for several software adaptation tasks,
                 applying the reflection at the VM level is not only
                 lightweight in terms of engineering effort, but also
                 competitive in terms of performance in comparison to
                 other ad-hoc solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DLS '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Chen:2017:MLF,
  author =       "Xian Chen and Wenzhi Chen and Zhongyong Lu and Yu
                 Zhang and Rui Chang and Mohammad Mehedi Hassan and
                 Abdulhameed Alelaiwi and Yang Xiang",
  title =        "{MBSA}: a lightweight and flexible storage
                 architecture for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "25",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4028",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 08:22:39 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Cinque:2017:IHF,
  author =       "Marcello Cinque and Antonio Pecchia",
  title =        "On the injection of hardware faults in virtualized
                 multicore systems",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "50--61",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 19 13:10:31 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731517300849",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Cui:2017:PFE,
  author =       "Lei Cui and Zhiyu Hao and Yaqiong Peng and Xiaochun
                 Yun",
  title =        "{Piccolo}: A Fast and Efficient Rollback System for
                 Virtual Machine Clusters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2328--2341",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2668403",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 25 18:46:21 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/08/07852513-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Cui:2017:PJP,
  author =       "Lin Cui and Fung Po Tso and Dimitrios P. Pezaros and
                 Weijia Jia and Wei Zhao",
  title =        "{PLAN}: Joint Policy- and Network-Aware {VM}
                 Management for Cloud Data Centers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1163--1175",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2016.2604811",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 16 07:06:21 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/04/07556964-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Cui:2017:TAV,
  author =       "Yong Cui and Zhenjie Yang and Shihan Xiao and Xin Wang
                 and Shenghui Yan",
  title =        "Traffic-Aware Virtual Machine Migration in
                 Topology-Adaptive {DCN}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "3427--3440",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2017.2744643",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 18 06:52:57 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine VM migration is a key technique for
                 network resource optimization in modern data center
                 networks. Previous work generally focuses on how to
                 place the VMs efficiently in a static network topology
                 by migrating the VMs with large traffic demands to
                 close servers. As the flow demands between VMs change,
                 however, a great cost will be paid for the VM
                 migration. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for
                 VM migration by dynamically constructing adaptive
                 topologies based on the VM demands to lower the cost of
                 both VM migration and communication. We formulate the
                 traffic-aware VM migration problem in an adaptive
                 topology and show its NP-hardness. For periodic
                 traffic, we develop a novel
                 progressive-decompose-rounding algorithm to schedule VM
                 migration in polynomial time with a proved
                 approximation ratio. For highly dynamic flows, we
                 design an online decision-maker ODM algorithm with
                 proved performance bound. Extensive trace-based
                 simulations show that PDR and ODM can achieve about
                 four times flow throughput among VMs with less than a
                 quarter of the migration cost compared to other
                 state-of-art VM migration solutions. We finally
                 implement an OpenvSwitch-based testbed and demonstrate
                 the efficiency of our solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{dAntras:2017:HXU,
  author =       "Amanieu d'Antras and Cosmin Gorgovan and Jim Garside
                 and John Goodacre and Mikel Luj{\'a}n",
  title =        "{HyperMAMBO-X64}: Using Virtualization to Support
                 High-Performance Transparent Binary Translation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "228--241",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050756",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Current computer architectures --- ARM, MIPS, PowerPC,
                 SPARC, x86 --- have evolved from a 32-bit architecture
                 to a 64-bit one. Computer architects often consider
                 whether it could be possible to eliminate hardware
                 support for a subset of the instruction set as to
                 reduce hardware complexity, which could improve
                 performance, reduce power usage and accelerate
                 processor development. This paper considers the
                 scenario where we want to eliminate 32-bit hardware
                 support from the ARMv8 architecture. Dynamic binary
                 translation can be used for this purpose and generally
                 comes in one of two forms: application-level
                 translators that translate a single user mode process
                 on top of a native operating system, and system-level
                 translators that translate an entire operating system
                 and all its processes. Application-level translators
                 can have good performance but is not totally
                 transparent; system-level translators may be 100\%
                 compatible but performance suffers. HyperMAMBO-X64 uses
                 a new approach that gets the best of both worlds, being
                 able to run the translator as an application under the
                 hypervisor but still react to the behavior of guest
                 operating systems. It works with complete transparency
                 with regards to the virtualized system whilst
                 delivering performance close to that provided by
                 hardware execution. A key factor in the low overhead of
                 HyperMAMBO-X64 is its deep integration with the
                 virtualization and memory management features of ARMv8.
                 These are exploited to support caching of translations
                 across multiple address spaces while ensuring that
                 translated code remains consistent with the source
                 instructions it is based on. We show how these
                 attributes are achieved without sacrificing either
                 performance or accuracy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{daSilva:2017:ARA,
  author =       "Marcelo Pereira da Silva and Rafael Rodrigues
                 Obelheiro and Guilherme Piegas Koslovski",
  title =        "{{\em Adaptive Remus\/}}: adaptive checkpointing for
                 {Xen}-based virtual machine replication",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PAR-EMER-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "348--367",
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2016.1162302",
  ISSN =         "1744-5760 (print), 1744-5779 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1744-5760",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 22 15:15:03 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparemerdistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/gpaa20/32/4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and
                 Distributed Systems: IJPEDS",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gpaa20",
  onlinedate =   "24 May 2016",
}

@Article{Deng:2017:DWT,
  author =       "Liang Deng and Peng Liu and Jun Xu and Ping Chen and
                 Qingkai Zeng",
  title =        "Dancing with Wolves: Towards Practical Event-driven
                 {VMM} Monitoring",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "83--96",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050750",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a novel framework that enables
                 practical event-driven monitoring for untrusted virtual
                 machine monitors (VMMs) in cloud computing. Unlike
                 previous approaches for VMM monitoring, our framework
                 neither relies on a higher privilege level nor requires
                 any special hardware support. Instead, we place the
                 trusted monitor at the same privilege level and in the
                 same address space with the untrusted VMM to achieve
                 superior efficiency, while proposing a unique
                 mutual-protection mechanism to ensure the integrity of
                 the monitor. Our security analysis demonstrates that
                 our framework can provide high-assurance for
                 event-driven VMM monitoring, even if the
                 highest-privilege VMM is fully compromised. The
                 experimental results show that our framework only
                 incurs trivial performance overhead for enforcing
                 event-driven monitoring policies, exhibiting tremendous
                 performance improvement on previous approaches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Deshpande:2017:TSL,
  author =       "Umesh Deshpande and Kate Keahey",
  title =        "Traffic-sensitive Live Migration of Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "118--128",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 19:02:16 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16301133",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Dhawan:2017:CCA,
  author =       "Medhavi Dhawan and Gurprit Johal and Jim Stabile and
                 Vjekoslav Brajkovic and James Chang and Kapil Goyal and
                 Kevin James and Zeeshan Lokhandwala and Anny Martinez
                 Manzanilla and Roger Michoud and Maithem Munshed and
                 Srinivas Neginhal and Konstantin Spirov and Michael Wei
                 and Scott Fritchie and Chris Rossbach and Ittai Abraham
                 and Dahlia Malkhi",
  title =        "Consistent Clustered Applications with {Corfu}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--82",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139658",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The NSX R\&D team and VMware Research team are using
                 Corfu to build breakthrough, auto-configurable,
                 auto-managed clustering management tools.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Diaz:2017:OAV,
  author =       "Jos{\'e} Luis D{\'\i}az and Joaqu{\'\i}n Entrialgo and
                 Manuel Garc{\'\i}a and Javier Garc{\'\i}a and Daniel
                 Fernando Garc{\'\i}a",
  title =        "Optimal allocation of virtual machines in multi-cloud
                 environments with reserved and on-demand pricing",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "129--144",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 9 14:20:18 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17301954",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Dou:2017:EAV,
  author =       "Wanchun Dou and Xiaolong Xu and Shunmei Meng and Xuyun
                 Zhang and Chunhua Hu and Shui Yu and Jian Yang",
  title =        "An energy-aware virtual machine scheduling method for
                 service {QoS} enhancement in clouds over big data",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3909",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 08:22:38 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Duan:2017:EAS,
  author =       "Hancong Duan and Chao Chen and Geyong Min and Yu Wu",
  title =        "Energy-aware scheduling of virtual machines in
                 heterogeneous cloud computing systems",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "142--150",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 19:02:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16300292",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Duan:2017:LBM,
  author =       "Jun Duan and Yuanyuan Yang",
  title =        "A Load Balancing and Multi-Tenancy Oriented Data
                 Center Virtualization Framework",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2131--2144",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2657633",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 25 18:46:21 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/08/07831441-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Dutra:2017:EVS,
  author =       "Diego L. C. Dutra and Edilson C. Corr{\^e}a and
                 Claudio L. Amorim",
  title =        "An efficient virtual system clock for the wireless
                 {Raspberry Pi} computer platform",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3960",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 30 09:11:59 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Eramo:2017:ASF,
  author =       "Vincenzo Eramo and Emanuele Miucci and Mostafa Ammar
                 and Francesco Giacinto Lavacca",
  title =        "An Approach for Service Function Chain Routing and
                 Virtual Function Network Instance Migration in Network
                 Function Virtualization Architectures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2008--2025",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2017.2668470",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 3 16:29:33 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Network function virtualization foresees the
                 virtualization of service functions and their execution
                 on virtual machines. Any service is represented by a
                 service function chain SFC that is a set of VNFs to be
                 executed according to a given order. The running of
                 VNFs needs the instantiation of VNF Instances VNFIs
                 that in general are software modules executed on
                 virtual machines. The virtualization challenges
                 include: 1 where to instantiate VNFIs; ii how many
                 resources to allocate to each VNFI; iii how to route
                 SFC requests to the appropriate VNFIs in the right
                 sequence; and iv when and how to migrate VNFIs in
                 response to changes to SFC request intensity and
                 location. We develop an approach that uses three
                 algorithms that are used back-to-back resulting in VNFI
                 placement, SFC routing, and VNFI migration in response
                 to changing workload. The objective is to first
                 minimize the rejection of SFC bandwidth and second to
                 consolidate VNFIs in as few servers as possible so as
                 to reduce the energy consumed. The proposed
                 consolidation algorithm is based on a migration policy
                 of VNFIs that considers the revenue loss due to QoS
                 degradation that a user suffers due to information loss
                 occurring during the migrations. The objective is to
                 minimize the total cost given by the energy consumption
                 and the revenue loss due to QoS degradation. We
                 evaluate our suite of algorithms on a test network and
                 show performance gains that can be achieved over using
                 other alternative naive algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Escheikh:2017:VWA,
  author =       "Mohamed Escheikh and Kamel Barkaoui and Hana Jouini",
  title =        "Versatile workload-aware power management
                 performability analysis of server virtualized systems",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "125",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "365--379",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 4 12:20:39 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216302588",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212/",
}

@Article{Estrada:2017:UDP,
  author =       "Zachary J. Estrada and Read Sprabery and Lok Yan and
                 Zhongzhi Yu and Roy Campbell and Zbigniew Kalbarczyk
                 and Ravishankar K. Iyer",
  title =        "Using {OS} Design Patterns to Provide Reliability and
                 Security as-a-Service for {VM}-based Clouds",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "157--170",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050759",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper extends the concepts behind cloud services
                 to offer hypervisor-based reliability and security
                 monitors for cloud virtual machines. Cloud VMs can be
                 heterogeneous and as such guest OS parameters needed
                 for monitoring can vary across different VMs and must
                 be obtained in some way. Past work involves running
                 code inside the VM, which is unacceptable for a cloud
                 environment. We solve this problem by recognizing that
                 there are common OS design patterns that can be used to
                 infer monitoring parameters from the guest OS. We
                 extract information about the cloud user's guest OS
                 with the user's existing VM image and knowledge of OS
                 design patterns as the only inputs to analysis. To
                 demonstrate the range of monitoring functionality
                 possible with this technique, we implemented four
                 sample monitors: a guest OS process tracer, an OS hang
                 detector, a return-to-user attack detector, and a
                 process-based keylogger detector.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Fard:2017:DVC,
  author =       "Seyed Yahya Zahedi Fard and Mohamad Reza Ahmadi and
                 Sahar Adabi",
  title =        "A dynamic {VM} consolidation technique for {QoS} and
                 energy consumption in cloud environment",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "4347--4368",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2016-8",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 2 11:08:36 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/73/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Fard:2017:EDV}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Fard:2017:EDV,
  author =       "Seyed Yahya Zahedi Fard and Mohamad Reza Ahmadi and
                 Sahar Adabi",
  title =        "Erratum to: {A dynamic VM consolidation technique for
                 QoS and energy consumption in cloud environment}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "4369--4372",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2079-6",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 2 11:08:36 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/73/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Fard:2017:DVC}.",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-017-2079-6.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Fink:2017:VMD,
  author =       "Bryan Fink and Eric Knauft and Gene Zhang",
  title =        "{vSAN}: Modern Distributed Storage",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "33--37",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139651",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Hyper-converged storage is the state-of-the-art for
                 enterprise deployments. VMware's vSAN is the industry
                 leader in this space. This article takes a look at some
                 of vSAN's internal architecture and analysis frameworks
                 to illustrate how modern distributed storage is
                 designed and debugged.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Firoozjaei:2017:SCN,
  author =       "Mahdi Daghmehchi Firoozjaei and Jaehoon (Paul) Jeong
                 and Hoon Ko and Hyoungshick Kim",
  title =        "Security challenges with network functions
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "315--324",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 22 14:20:56 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16302321",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Fu:2017:MCD,
  author =       "Silvery Fu and Jiangchuan Liu and Wenwu Zhu",
  title =        "Multimedia Content Delivery with Network Function
                 Virtualization: The Energy Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MULTIMEDIA,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "38--47",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEMUE4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MMUL.2017.3051514",
  ISSN =         "1070-986X (print), 1941-0166 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1070-986X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 15 08:09:13 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemultimedia.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mu/2017/03/mmu2017030038-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/multimedia/",
}

@Article{Gandhi:2017:APE,
  author =       "Jayneel Gandhi and Mark D. Hill and Michael M. Swift",
  title =        "Agile Paging for Efficient Memory Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "80--86",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.2017.67",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 15 05:55:13 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/2017/03/mmi2017030080-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
}

@Article{Garg:2017:CGA,
  author =       "Anshuj Garg and Debadatta Mishra and Purushottam
                 Kulkarni",
  title =        "{Catalyst}: {GPU}-assisted rapid memory deduplication
                 in virtualization environments",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "44--59",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050760",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Content based page sharing techniques improve memory
                 efficiency in virtualized systems by identifying and
                 merging identical pages. Kernel Same-page Merging
                 (KSM), a Linux kernel utility for page sharing,
                 sequentially scans memory pages of virtual machines to
                 deduplicate pages. Sequential scanning of pages has
                 several undesirable side effects---wasted CPU cycles
                 when no sharing opportunities exist, and rate of
                 discovery of sharing being dependent on the scanning
                 rate and corresponding CPU availability. In this work,
                 we exploit presence of GPUs on modern systems to enable
                 rapid memory sharing through targeted scanning of
                 pages. Our solution, Catalyst, works in two phases, the
                 first where pages of virtual machines are processed by
                 the GPU to identify likely pages for sharing and a
                 second phase that performs page-level similarity checks
                 on a targeted set of shareable pages. Opportunistic
                 usage of the GPU to produce sharing hints enables rapid
                 and low-overhead duplicate detection, and sharing of
                 memory pages in virtualization environments. We
                 evaluate Catalyst against various benchmarks and
                 workloads to demonstrate that Catalyst can achieve
                 higher memory sharing in lesser time compared to
                 different scan rate configurations of KSM, at lower or
                 comparable compute costs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Gasiunas:2017:FBA,
  author =       "Vaidas Gasiunas and David Dominguez-Sal and Ralph
                 Acker and Aharon Avitzur and Ilan Bronshtein and Rushan
                 Chen and Eli Ginot and Norbert Martinez-Bazan and
                 Michael M{\"u}ller and Alexander Nozdrin and Weijie Ou
                 and Nir Pachter and Dima Sivov and Eliezer Levy",
  title =        "Fiber-based architecture for {NFV} cloud databases",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1682--1693",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.14778/3137765.3137774",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 10 17:16:19 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "The telco industry is gradually shifting from using
                 monolithic software packages deployed on custom
                 hardware to using modular virtualized software
                 functions deployed on cloudified data centers using
                 commodity hardware. This transformation is referred to
                 as Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The
                 scalability of the databases (DBs) underlying the
                 virtual network functions is the cornerstone for
                 reaping the benefits from the NFV transformation. This
                 paper presents an industrial experience of applying
                 shared-nothing techniques in order to achieve the
                 scalability of a DB in an NFV setup. The special
                 combination of requirements in NFV DBs are not easily
                 met with conventional execution models. Therefore, we
                 designed a special shared-nothing architecture that is
                 based on cooperative multi-tasking using user-level
                 threads (fibers). We further show that the fiber-based
                 approach outperforms the approach built using
                 conventional multi-threading and meets the variable
                 deployment needs of the NFV transformation.
                 Furthermore, fibers yield a simpler-to-maintain
                 software and enable controlling a trade-off between
                 long-duration computations and real-time requests.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1174",
}

@Article{Gschwind:2017:OED,
  author =       "M. Gschwind and T. Kaldewey and D. K. Tam",
  title =        "Optimizing the efficiency of deep learning through
                 accelerator virtualization",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12:1--12:11",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 09:55:16 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmjrd.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8030299/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
}

@Article{Gupta:2017:HCS,
  author =       "Abhishek Gupta and Rick Spillane and Wenguang Wang and
                 Maxime Austruy and Vahid Fereydouny and Christos
                 Karamanolis",
  title =        "Hybrid Cloud Storage: Bridging the Gap between Compute
                 Clusters and Cloud Storage",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--53",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139653",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Thanks to the compelling economics of public cloud
                 storage, the trend in the IT industry is to move the
                 bulk of analytics and application data to services such
                 as AWS S3 and Google Cloud Storage. At the same time,
                 customers want to continue accessing and analyzing much
                 of that data using applications that run on compute
                 clusters that may reside either on public clouds or
                 on-premise. For VMware customers, those clusters run
                 vSphere (sometimes with vSAN) on-premise and in the
                 future may utilize SDDCaaS. Cloud storage exhibits high
                 latencies and it is not appropriate for direct use by
                 applications. A key challenge for these use cases is
                 determining the subset of the typically huge data sets
                 that need to be moved into the primary storage tier of
                 the compute clusters. This paper introduces a novel
                 approach for creating a hybrid cloud storage that
                 allows customers to utilize the fast primary storage of
                 their compute clusters as a caching tier in front of a
                 slow secondary storage tier. This approach can be
                 completely transparent requiring no changes to the
                 application. To achieve this, we extended VDFS [16], a
                 POSIX-compliant scale-out filesystem, with the concept
                 of caching-tier volumes. VDFS caching-tier volumes
                 resemble regular file system volumes, but they fault-in
                 data from a cloud storage back-end on first access.
                 Cached data are persisted on fast primary storage,
                 close to the compute cluster, like VMware's vSAN.
                 Caching-tier volumes use a write-back approach. The
                 enterprise features of the primary storage ensure the
                 persistence and fault tolerance of new or updated data.
                 Write-back from the primary to cloud storage is managed
                 using an efficient change-tracking mechanism built into
                 VDFS called exo-clones [18]. This paper outlines the
                 architecture and implementation of caching tier volumes
                 on VDFS and reports on an initial evaluation of the
                 current prototype.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Ha:2017:PPE,
  author =       "Tuan Minh Ha and Masaki Samejima and Norihisa Komoda",
  title =        "Power and Performance Estimation for Fine-Grained
                 Server Power Capping via Controlling Heterogeneous
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-TMIS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3086449",
  ISSN =         "2158-656X (print), 2158-6578 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2158-656X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 17:26:40 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tmis.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Power capping is a method to save power consumption of
                 servers by limiting performance of the servers.
                 Although users frequently run applications on different
                 virtual machines (VMs) for keeping their performance
                 and having them isolated from the other applications,
                 power capping may degrade performance of all the
                 applications running on the server. We present
                 fine-grained power capping by limiting performance of
                 each application individually. For keeping performance
                 defined in Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, it is
                 important to estimate applications' performance and
                 power consumption after the fine-grained power capping
                 is applied. We propose the estimation method of
                 physical CPU usage when limiting virtual CPU usage of
                 applications on VMs. On servers where multiple VMs run,
                 VM's usage of physical CPU is interrupted by the other
                 VMs, and a hypervisor uses physical CPU to control VMs.
                 These VMs' and hypervisor's behaviors make it difficult
                 to estimate performance and power consumption by
                 straightforward methods, such as linear regression and
                 polynomial regression. The proposed method uses
                 Piecewise Linear Regression to estimate physical CPU
                 usage by assuming that VM's access to physical CPU is
                 not interrupted by the other VMs. Then we estimate how
                 much physical CPU usage is reduced by the interruption.
                 Because physical CPU usage is not stable soon after
                 limiting CPU usage, the proposed method estimates a
                 convergence value of CPU usage after many interruptions
                 are repeated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems
                 (TMIS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1320",
}

@Article{Hallawi:2017:MCC,
  author =       "Huda Hallawi and J{\"o}rn Mehnen and Hongmei He",
  title =        "Multi-Capacity Combinatorial Ordering {GA} in
                 Application to Cloud resources allocation and efficient
                 virtual machines consolidation",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--10",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 22 12:17:02 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16304630",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Hankendi:2017:SCS,
  author =       "Can Hankendi and Ayse Kivilcim Coskun",
  title =        "Scale \& Cap: Scaling-Aware Resource Management for
                 Consolidated Multi-threaded Applications",
  journal =      j-TODAES,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30:1--30:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ATASFO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2994145",
  ISSN =         "1084-4309 (print), 1557-7309 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-4309",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 21 10:49:30 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/todaes/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/todaes.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "As the number of cores per server node increases,
                 designing multi-threaded applications has become
                 essential to efficiently utilize the available hardware
                 parallelism. Many application domains have started to
                 adopt multi-threaded programming; thus, efficient
                 management of multi-threaded applications has become a
                 significant research problem. Efficient execution of
                 multi-threaded workloads on cloud environments, where
                 applications are often consolidated by means of
                 virtualization, relies on understanding the
                 multi-threaded specific characteristics of the
                 applications. Furthermore, energy cost and power
                 delivery limitations require data center server nodes
                 to work under power caps, which bring additional
                 challenges to runtime management of consolidated
                 multi-threaded applications. This article proposes a
                 dynamic resource allocation technique for consolidated
                 multi-threaded applications for power-constrained
                 environments. Our technique takes into account
                 application characteristics specific to multi-threaded
                 applications, such as power and performance scaling, to
                 make resource distribution decisions at runtime to
                 improve the overall performance, while accurately
                 tracking dynamic power caps. We implement and evaluate
                 our technique on state-of-the-art servers and show that
                 the proposed technique improves the application
                 performance by up to 21\% under power caps compared to
                 a default resource manager.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "30",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J776",
}

@Article{Hao:2017:OAV,
  author =       "Fang Hao and Murali Kodialam and T. V. Lakshman and
                 Sarit Mukherjee",
  title =        "Online Allocation of Virtual Machines in a Distributed
                 Cloud",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "238--249",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2016.2575779",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 25 08:05:37 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "One of the primary functions of a cloud service
                 provider is to allocate cloud resources to users upon
                 request. Requests arrive in real-time and resource
                 placement decisions must be made as and when a request
                 arrives, without any prior knowledge of future
                 arrivals. In addition, when a cloud service provider
                 operates a geographically diversified cloud that
                 consists of a large number of small data centers, the
                 resource allocation problem becomes even more complex.
                 This is due to the fact that resource request can have
                 additional constraints on data center location, service
                 delay guarantee, and so on, which is especially true
                 for the emerging network function virtualization
                 application. In this paper, we propose a generalized
                 resource placement methodology that can work across
                 different cloud architectures, resource request
                 constraints, with real-time request arrivals and
                 departures. The proposed algorithms are online in the
                 sense that allocations are made without any knowledge
                 of resource requests that arrive in the future, and the
                 current resource allocations are made in such a manner
                 as to permit the acceptance of as many future arrivals
                 as possible. We derive worst case competitive ratio for
                 the algorithms. We show through experiments and case
                 studies the superior performance of the algorithms in
                 practice.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Hetzelt:2017:SAE,
  author =       "Felicitas Hetzelt and Robert Buhren",
  title =        "Security Analysis of Encrypted Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "129--142",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050763",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Cloud computing has become indispensable in today's
                 computer landscape. The flexibility it offers for
                 customers as well as for providers has become a crucial
                 factor for large parts of the computer industry.
                 Virtualization is the key technology that allows for
                 sharing of hardware resources among different
                 customers. The controlling software component, called
                 hypervisor, provides a virtualized view of the computer
                 resources and ensures separation of different guest
                 virtual machines. However, this important cornerstone
                 of cloud computing is not necessarily trustworthy or
                 bug-free. To mitigate this threat AMD introduced Secure
                 Encrypted Virtualization, short SEV, which
                 transparently encrypts a virtual machines memory. In
                 this paper we analyse to what extend the proposed
                 features can resist a malicious hypervisor and discuss
                 the tradeoffs imposed by additional protection
                 mechanisms. To do so, we developed a model of SEV's
                 security capabilities based on the available
                 documentation as actual silicon implementations are not
                 yet on the market. We found that the first proposed
                 version of SEV is not up to the task owing to three
                 design shortcomings. First the virtual machine control
                 block is not encrypted and handled directly by the
                 hypervisor, allowing it to bypass VM memory encryption
                 by executing conveniently chosen gadgets. Secondly, the
                 general purpose registers are not encrypted upon
                 vmexit, leaking potentially sensitive data. Finally,
                 the control over the nested pagetables allows a
                 malicious hypervisor to closely monitor the execution
                 state of a VM and attack it with memory replay
                 attacks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@InProceedings{Hirai:2017:DEV,
  author =       "Yoichi Hirai",
  booktitle =    "{Financial Cryptography and Data Security}",
  title =        "Defining the {Ethereum} Virtual Machine for
                 Interactive Theorem Provers",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2017",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70278-0_33",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 30 15:51:20 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-70278-0_33",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hong:2017:FFF,
  author =       "Cheol-Ho Hong and Ivor Spence and Dimitrios S.
                 Nikolopoulos",
  title =        "{FairGV}: Fair and Fast {GPU} Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3472--3485",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2717908",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 16 10:34:01 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/12/07954729-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Hong:2017:GVS,
  author =       "Cheol-Ho Hong and Ivor Spence and Dimitrios S.
                 Nikolopoulos",
  title =        "{GPU} Virtualization and Scheduling Methods: a
                 Comprehensive Survey",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "35:1--35:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3068281",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 20 09:25:00 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The integration of graphics processing units (GPUs) on
                 high-end compute nodes has established a new
                 accelerator-based heterogeneous computing model, which
                 now permeates high-performance computing. The same
                 paradigm nevertheless has limited adoption in cloud
                 computing or other large-scale distributed computing
                 paradigms. Heterogeneous computing with GPUs can
                 benefit the Cloud by reducing operational costs and
                 improving resource and energy efficiency. However, such
                 a paradigm shift would require effective methods for
                 virtualizing GPUs, as well as other accelerators. In
                 this survey article, we present an extensive and
                 in-depth survey of GPU virtualization techniques and
                 their scheduling methods. We review a wide range of
                 virtualization techniques implemented at the GPU
                 library, driver, and hardware levels. Furthermore, we
                 review GPU scheduling methods that address performance
                 and fairness issues between multiple virtual machines
                 sharing GPUs. We believe that our survey delivers a
                 perspective on the challenges and opportunities for
                 virtualization of heterogeneous computing
                 environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Howard:2017:RPF,
  author =       "Heidi Howard and Dahlia Malkhi and Sasha Spiegelman",
  title =        "Revisiting the {Paxos Foundations}: a Look at Summer
                 Internship Work at {VMware Research}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--71",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139656",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Hu:2017:TFC,
  author =       "Yang Hu and Mingcong Song and Tao Li",
  title =        "Towards {``Full Containerization''} in Containerized
                 Network Function Virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "467--481",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3093337.3037713",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 5 18:01:58 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With exploding traffic stuffing existing network
                 infra-structure, today's telecommunication and cloud
                 service providers resort to Network Function
                 Virtualization (NFV) for greater agility and economics.
                 Pioneer service provider such as AT{\&}T proposes to
                 adopt container in NFV to achieve shorter Virtualized
                 Network Function (VNF) provisioning time and better
                 runtime performance. However, we characterize typical
                 NFV work-loads on the containers and find that the
                 performance is unsatisfactory. We observe that the
                 shared host OS net-work stack is the main bottleneck,
                 where the traffic flow processing involves a large
                 amount of intermediate memory buffers and results in
                 significant last level cache pollution. Existing OS
                 memory allocation policies fail to exploit the locality
                 and data sharing information among buffers. In this
                 paper, we propose NetContainer, a software framework
                 that achieves fine-grained hardware resource management
                 for containerized NFV platform. NetContainer employs a
                 cache access overheads guided page coloring scheme to
                 coordinately address the inter-flow cache access
                 overheads and intra-flow cache access overheads. It
                 maps the memory buffer pages that manifest low cache
                 access overheads (across a flow or among the flows) to
                 the same last level cache partition. NetContainer
                 exploits a footprint theory based method to estimate
                 the cache access overheads and a Min-Cost Max-Flow
                 model to guide the memory buffer mappings. We implement
                 the NetContainer in Linux kernel and extensively
                 evaluate it with real NFV workloads. Experimental
                 results show that NetContainer outperforms conventional
                 page coloring-based memory allocator by 48\% in terms
                 of successful call rate.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS'17 conference proceedings",
}

@Article{Hussein:2017:OPR,
  author =       "Ahmed Hussein and Mathias Payer and Antony L. Hosking
                 and Chris Vick",
  title =        "One Process to Reap Them All: Garbage Collection
                 as-a-Service",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "171--186",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050754",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Ubiquitous mobile platforms such as Android rely on
                 managed language run-time environments, also known as
                 language virtual machines (VMs), to run a diverse range
                 of user applications (apps). Each app runs in its own
                 private VM instance, and each VM makes its own private
                 local decisions in managing its use of processor and
                 memory resources. Moreover, the operating system and
                 the hardware do not communicate their low-level
                 decisions regarding power management with the
                 high-level app environment. This lack of coordination
                 across layers and across apps restricts more effective
                 global use of resources on the device. We address this
                 problem by devising and implementing a global memory
                 manager service for Android that optimizes memory
                 usage, run-time performance, and power consumption
                 globally across all apps running on the device. The
                 service focuses on the impact of garbage collection
                 (GC) along these dimensions, since GC poses a
                 significant overhead within managed run-time
                 environments. Our prototype collects system-wide
                 statistics from all running VMs, makes centralized
                 decisions about memory management across apps and
                 across software layers, and also collects garbage
                 centrally. Furthermore, the global memory manager
                 coordinates with the power manager to tune collector
                 scheduling. In our evaluation, we illustrate the impact
                 of such a central memory management service in reducing
                 total energy consumption (up to 18\%) and increasing
                 throughput (up to 12\%), and improving memory
                 utilization and adaptability to user activities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Jiang:2017:DFA,
  author =       "Jianhua Jiang and Yunzhao Feng and Jia Zhao and Keqin
                 Li",
  title =        "{DataABC}: a fast {ABC} based energy-efficient live
                 {VM} consolidation policy with data-intensive energy
                 evaluation model",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "132--141",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 19:02:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16301236",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Jin:2017:WCM,
  author =       "Yichao Jin and Yonggang Wen",
  title =        "When Cloud Media Meet Network Function Virtualization:
                 Challenges and Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MULTIMEDIA,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "72--82",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEMUE4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MMUL.2017.3051519",
  ISSN =         "1070-986X (print), 1941-0166 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1070-986X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 15 08:09:13 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemultimedia.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mu/2017/03/mmu2017030072-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/multimedia/",
}

@Article{Joe:2017:EDI,
  author =       "Hyunwoo Joe and Hyungshin Kim",
  title =        "Effects of dynamic isolation for full virtualized
                 {RTOS} and {GPOS} guests",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "26--41",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 3 18:47:37 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16308020",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Kanizo:2017:OVB,
  author =       "Yossi Kanizo and Ori Rottenstreich and Itai Segall and
                 Jose Yallouz and Yossi Kanizo and Ori Rottenstreich and
                 Itai Segall and Jose Yallouz",
  title =        "Optimizing Virtual Backup Allocation for Middleboxes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "2759--2772",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2017.2703080",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 17:57:12 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In enterprise networks, network functions, such as
                 address translation, firewall, and deep packet
                 inspection, are often implemented in middleboxes. Those
                 can suffer from temporary unavailability due to
                 misconfiguration or software and hardware malfunction.
                 Traditionally, middlebox survivability is achieved by
                 an expensive active-standby deployment where each
                 middlebox has a backup instance, which is activated in
                 case of a failure. Network function virtualization NFV
                 is a novel networking paradigm allowing flexible,
                 scalable and inexpensive implementation of network
                 services. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach
                 for planning and deploying backup schemes for network
                 functions that guarantee high levels of survivability
                 with significant reduction in resource consumption. In
                 the suggested backup scheme, we take advantage of the
                 flexibility and resource-sharing abilities of the NFV
                 paradigm in order to maintain only a few backup
                 servers, where each can serve one of multiple functions
                 when corresponding middleboxes are unavailable. We
                 describe different goals that network designers can
                 consider when determining which functions to implement
                 in each of the backup servers. We rely on a graph
                 theoretical model to find properties of efficient
                 assignments and to develop algorithms that can find
                 them. Extensive experiments show, for example, that
                 under realistic function failure probabilities, and
                 reasonable capacity limitations, one can obtain 99.9\%
                 survival probability with half the number of servers,
                 compared with standard techniques.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Kannan:2017:HDH,
  author =       "Sudarsun Kannan and Ada Gavrilovska and Vishal Gupta
                 and Karsten Schwan",
  title =        "{HeteroOS}: {OS} Design for Heterogeneous Memory
                 Management in Datacenter",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "521--534",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140659.3080245",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 11:09:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Heterogeneous memory management combined with server
                 virtualization in datacenters is expected to increase
                 the software and OS management complexity.
                 State-of-the-art solutions rely exclusively on the
                 hypervisor (VMM) for expensive page hotness tracking
                 and migrations, limiting the benefits from
                 heterogeneity. To address this, we design HeteroOS, a
                 novel application-transparent OS-level solution for
                 managing memory heterogeneity in virtualized system.
                 The HeteroOS design first makes the guest-OSes
                 heterogeneity-aware and then extracts rich OS-level
                 information about applications' memory usage to place
                 data in the 'right' memory avoiding page migrations.
                 When such pro-active placements are not possible,
                 HeteroOS combines the power of the guest-OSes'
                 information about applications with the VMM's hardware
                 control to track for hotness and migrate only
                 performance-critical pages. Finally, HeteroOS also
                 designs an efficient heterogeneous memory sharing
                 across multiple guest-VMs. Evaluation of HeteroOS with
                 memory, storage, and network-intensive datacenter
                 applications shows up to 2x performance improvement
                 compared to the state-of-the-art VMM-exclusive
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Kao:2017:TEF,
  author =       "Chia Hung Kao",
  title =        "Testing and evaluation framework for virtualization
                 technologies",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "99",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "657--677",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-016-0517-6",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 14:54:09 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/99/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Karnagel:2017:AWP,
  author =       "Tomas Karnagel and Dirk Habich and Wolfgang Lehner",
  title =        "Adaptive work placement for query processing on
                 heterogeneous computing resources",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "733--744",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 27 20:45:15 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "The hardware landscape is currently changing from
                 homogeneous multi-core systems towards heterogeneous
                 systems with many different computing units, each with
                 their own characteristics. This trend is a great
                 opportunity for data-base systems to increase the
                 overall performance if the heterogeneous resources can
                 be utilized efficiently. To achieve this, the main
                 challenge is to place the right work on the right
                 computing unit. Current approaches tackling this
                 placement for query processing assume that data
                 cardinalities of intermediate results can be correctly
                 estimated. However, this assumption does not hold for
                 complex queries. To overcome this problem, we propose
                 an adaptive placement approach being independent of
                 cardinality estimation of intermediate results. Our
                 approach is incorporated in a novel adaptive placement
                 sequence. Additionally, we implement our approach as an
                 extensible virtualization layer, to demonstrate the
                 broad applicability with multiple database systems. In
                 our evaluation, we clearly show that our approach
                 significantly improves OLAP query processing on
                 heterogeneous hardware, while being adaptive enough to
                 react to changing cardinalities of intermediate query
                 results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1174",
}

@Article{Kawai:2017:VWD,
  author =       "Takaaki Kawai and Shigeru Kaneda and Mineo Takai and
                 Hiroshi Mineno",
  title =        "A Virtual {WLAN} Device Model for High-Fidelity
                 Wireless Network Emulation",
  journal =      j-TOMACS,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ATMCEZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3067664",
  ISSN =         "1049-3301 (print), 1558-1195 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1049-3301",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 8 08:36:06 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tomacs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tomacs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The recent popularization of mobile devices has
                 increased the amount of communication traffic. Hence,
                 it is necessary both in academia and industry to
                 research load distribution methods for mobile networks.
                 An evaluation environment for large-scale networks that
                 behaves like a practical system is necessary to
                 evaluate these methods, and either a physical
                 environment or simulation environment can be used.
                 However, physical and simulation environments each have
                 their advantages and disadvantages. A physical
                 environment is suitable for practical operation because
                 it is possible to obtain data from a real environment.
                 In contrast, the cost for a large number of nodes and
                 the difficulty of field preparation are its
                 disadvantages. Reproducing radio propagation is also a
                 challenge. Network simulators solve the disadvantages
                 of the physical environment by modeling the entire
                 evaluation environment. However, they do not exactly
                 reproduce the physical environment because the nodes
                 are abstracted. This article presents an evaluation
                 environment that combines a network simulator and
                 virtual machines with virtual wireless Local Area
                 Network (LAN) devices. The virtual machines reproduce
                 the physical environment with high fidelity by running
                 the programs of the physical machines, and the virtual
                 wireless LAN devices make it possible to emulate
                 wireless LAN communication using default operating
                 system drivers. A network simulator and virtual
                 machines also reduce the cost for nodes, ease the
                 burden of field preparation, and reproduce radio
                 propagation by modeling the evaluation environment. In
                 the evaluation, the proposed method decreased the
                 difference from the physical environment to 5\% in
                 terms of transmission control protocol throughput. In
                 the case of user datagram protocol, the proposed method
                 decreased the difference from the physical environment
                 down to 1.7\%. The number of virtual machines available
                 on a host machine and the practical use of the proposed
                 method are also discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J781",
}

@Article{Khosravi:2017:OVM,
  author =       "Atefeh Khosravi and Adel Nadjaran Toosi and Rajkumar
                 Buyya",
  title =        "Online virtual machine migration for renewable energy
                 usage maximization in geographically distributed cloud
                 data centers",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4125",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 4 17:02:01 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Kunjir:2017:TAM,
  author =       "Mayuresh Kunjir and Shivnath Babu",
  title =        "{Thoth} in action: memory management in modern data
                 analytics",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1917--1920",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.14778/3137765.3137808",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 10 17:16:19 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "Allocation and usage of memory in modern
                 data-processing platforms is based on an interplay of
                 algorithms at multiple levels: (i) at the
                 resource-management level across containers allocated
                 by resource managers like Mesos and Yarn, (ii) at the
                 container level among the OS and processes such as the
                 Java Virtual Machine (JVM), (iii) at the framework
                 level for caching, aggregation, data shuffles, and
                 application data structures, and (iv) at the JVM level
                 across various pools such as the Young and Old
                 Generation as well as the heap versus off-heap. We use
                 Thoth, a data-driven platform for multi-system cluster
                 management, to build a deep understanding of different
                 interplays in memory management options. Through
                 multiple memory management apps built in Thoth, we
                 demonstrate how Thoth can deal with multiple levels of
                 memory management as well as multi-tenant nature of
                 clusters.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1174",
}

@Article{Kwon:2017:IHP,
  author =       "Youngjin Kwon and Hangchen Yu and Simon Peter and
                 Christopher J. Rossbach and Emmett Witchel",
  title =        "{Ingens}: Huge Page Support for the {OS} and
                 Hypervisor",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--93",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139659",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Memory capacity and demand have grown hand in hand in
                 recent years. However, overheads for memory
                 virtualization, in particular for address translation,
                 grow with memory capacity as well, motivating hardware
                 manufacturers to provide TLBs with thousands of entries
                 for larger pages, or huge pages. Current OSes and
                 hypervisors support huge pages with a hodge-podge of
                 best-effort algorithms and spot fixes that make less
                 and less sense as architectural support for huge pages
                 matures. The time has come for a more fundamental
                 redesign. Ingens is a framework for providing
                 transparent huge page support in a coordinated way.
                 Ingens manages contiguity as a first-class resource,
                 and tracks utilization and access frequency of memory
                 pages, enabling it to eliminate pathologies that plague
                 current systems. Experiments with a Linux/KVM-based
                 prototype show improved fairness and performance, and
                 reduced tail latency and memory bloat for important
                 applications such as Web services and Redis. We report
                 early experiences with our in-progress port of Ingens
                 to the ESX Hypervisor.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Lee:2017:EBG,
  author =       "Jinho Lee and Heesu Kim and Sungjoo Yoo and Kiyoung
                 Choi and H. Peter Hofstee and Gi-Joon Nam and Mark R.
                 Nutter and Damir Jamsek",
  title =        "{ExtraV}: boosting graph processing near storage with
                 a coherent accelerator",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1706--1717",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.14778/3137765.3137776",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 10 17:16:19 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we propose ExtraV, a framework for
                 near-storage graph processing. It is based on the novel
                 concept of graph virtualization, which efficiently
                 utilizes a cache-coherent hardware accelerator at the
                 storage side to achieve performance and flexibility at
                 the same time. ExtraV consists of four main components:
                 (1) host processor, (2) main memory, (3) AFU
                 (Accelerator Function Unit) and (4) storage. The AFU, a
                 hardware accelerator, sits between the host processor
                 and storage. Using a coherent interface that allows
                 main memory accesses, it performs graph traversal
                 functions that are common to various algorithms while
                 the program running on the host processor (called the
                 host program) manages the overall execution along with
                 more application-specific tasks. Graph virtualization
                 is a high-level programming model of graph processing
                 that allows designers to focus on algorithm-specific
                 functions. Realized by the accelerator, graph
                 virtualization gives the host programs an illusion that
                 the graph data reside on the main memory in a layout
                 that fits with the memory access behavior of host
                 programs even though the graph data are actually stored
                 in a multi-level, compressed form in storage. We
                 prototyped ExtraV on a Power8 machine with a
                 CAPI-enabled FPGA. Our experiments on a real system
                 prototype offer significant speedup compared to
                 state-of-the-art software only implementations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1174",
}

@Article{Lee:2017:PEH,
  author =       "Kihong Lee and DongWoo Lee and Sungkil Lee and Young
                 Ik Eom",
  title =        "Power-efficient and high-performance block {I/O}
                 framework for mobile virtualization systems",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1307--1321",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1810-z",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 24 10:31:33 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/73/4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Lei:2017:NHC,
  author =       "Zhou Lei and Exiong Sun and Shengbo Chen and Jiang Wu
                 and Wenfeng Shen",
  title =        "A Novel Hybrid-Copy Algorithm for Live Migration of
                 Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "37",
  day =          "18",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9030037",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:50:57 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/3/37",
  abstract =     "Live migration of virtual machines is an important
                 approach for dynamic resource scheduling in cloud
                 environment. The hybrid-copy algorithm is an excellent
                 algorithm that combines the pre-copy algorithm with the
                 post-copy algorithm to remedy the defects of the
                 pre-copy algorithm and the post-copy algorithm.
                 Currently, the hybrid-copy algorithm only copies all
                 memory pages once in advance. In a write-intensive
                 workload, copy memory pages once may be enough.
                 However, more iterative copy rounds can significantly
                 reduce the page faults in a read-intensive workload. In
                 this paper, we propose a new parameter to decide the
                 appropriate time to stop the iterative copy phase based
                 on real-time situation. We use a Markov model to
                 forecast the memory access pattern. Based on the
                 predicted results and the analysis of the actual
                 situation, the memory page transfer order would be
                 adjusted to reduce the invalid transfers. The novel
                 hybrid-copy algorithm is implemented on the Xen
                 platform. The experimental results demonstrate that our
                 mechanism has good performance both on read-intensive
                 workloads and write-intensive workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Future Computing for Real Time
                 Intelligent Systems.",
}

@Article{Li:2017:AET,
  author =       "Hong-Wei Li and Yu-Sung Wu and Yi-Yung Chen and
                 Chieh-Min Wang and Yen-Nun Huang",
  title =        "Application Execution Time Prediction for Effective
                 {CPU} Provisioning in Virtualization Environment",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "3074--3088",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2707543",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 12 06:58:13 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/11/07933268-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Li:2017:BNB,
  author =       "Zhihua Li and Chengyu Yan and Xinrong Yu and Ning Yu",
  title =        "{Bayesian} network-based Virtual Machines
                 consolidation method",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "75--87",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 22 12:17:02 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16307415",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Li:2017:CSN,
  author =       "Ning Li and Hong Jiang and Dan Feng and Zhan Shi",
  title =        "Customizable {SLO} and Its Near-Precise Enforcement
                 for Storage Bandwidth",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998454",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 25 07:00:07 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tos/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Cloud service is being adopted as a utility for large
                 numbers of tenants by renting Virtual Machines (VMs).
                 But for cloud storage, unpredictable IO characteristics
                 make accurate Service-Level-Objective (SLO) enforcement
                 challenging. As a result, it has been very difficult to
                 support simple-to-use and technology-agnostic SLO
                 specifying a particular value for a specific metric
                 (e.g., storage bandwidth). This is because the quality
                 of SLO enforcement depends on performance error and
                 fluctuation that measure the precision of SLO
                 enforcement. High precision of SLO enforcement is
                 critical for user-oriented performance customization
                 and user experiences. To address this challenge, this
                 article presents V-Cup, a framework for VM-oriented
                 customizable SLO and its near-precise enforcement. It
                 consists of multiple auto-tuners, each of which exports
                 an interface for a tenant to customize the desired
                 storage bandwidth for a VM and enable the storage
                 bandwidth of the VM to converge on the target value
                 with a predictable precision. We design and implement
                 V-Cup in the Xen hypervisor based on the fair sharing
                 scheduler for VM-level resource management. Our V-Cup
                 prototype evaluation shows that it achieves satisfying
                 performance guarantees through near-precise SLO
                 enforcement.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J960",
}

@Article{Liang:2017:VVB,
  author =       "Hongliang Liang and Mingyu Li and Jian Xu and Wenying
                 Hu and Xiaoxiao Pei and Xiaodong Jia and Yan Song",
  title =        "{vmOS}: a virtualization-based, secure desktop
                 system",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "329--343",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2016.10.008",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 23 09:46:48 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404816301390",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Lopez-Pires:2017:MOV,
  author =       "Fabio L{\'o}pez-Pires and Benjam{\'\i}n Bar{\'a}n",
  title =        "Many-Objective Virtual Machine Placement",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "161--176",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-017-9399-x",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 2 10:16:50 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/15/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-017-9399-x",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Lopez:2017:KTC,
  author =       "Lorena Isabel Barona L{\'o}pez and {\'A}ngel Leonardo
                 Valdivieso Caraguay and Marco Antonio Sotelo Monge and
                 Luis Javier Garc{\'\i}a Villalba",
  title =        "Key Technologies in the Context of Future Networks:
                 Operational and Management Requirements",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1",
  day =          "22",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9010001",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:50:56 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/1/1",
  abstract =     "The concept of Future Networks is based on the premise
                 that current infrastructures require enhanced control,
                 service customization, self-organization and
                 self-management capabilities to meet the new needs in a
                 connected society, especially of mobile users. In order
                 to provide a high-performance mobile system, three main
                 fields must be improved: radio, network, and operation
                 and management. In particular, operation and management
                 capabilities are intended to enable business agility
                 and operational sustainability, where the addition of
                 new services does not imply an excessive increase in
                 capital or operational expenditures. In this context, a
                 set of key-enabled technologies have emerged in order
                 to aid in this field. Concepts such as Software Defined
                 Network (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
                 and Self-Organized Networks (SON) are pushing
                 traditional systems towards the next 5G network
                 generation.This paper presents an overview of the
                 current status of these promising technologies and
                 ongoing works to fulfill the operational and management
                 requirements of mobile infrastructures. This work also
                 details the use cases and the challenges, taking into
                 account not only SDN, NFV, cloud computing and SON but
                 also other paradigms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Collection Information Systems Security.",
}

@Article{Lu:2017:FPL,
  author =       "Kai Lu and Wenzhe Zhang and Xiaoping Wang and Mikel
                 Luj{\'a}n and Andy Nisbet",
  title =        "Flexible Page-level Memory Access Monitoring Based on
                 Virtualization Hardware",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "201--213",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050751",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Page protection is often used to achieve memory access
                 monitoring in many applications, dealing with
                 program-analysis, checkpoint-based failure recovery,
                 and garbage collection in managed runtime systems.
                 Typically, low overhead access monitoring is limited by
                 the relatively large page-level granularity of memory
                 management unit hardware support for virtual memory
                 protection. In this paper, we improve upon traditional
                 page-level mechanisms by additionally using hardware
                 support for virtualization in order to achieve fine and
                 flexible granularities that can be smaller than a page.
                 We first introduce a memory allocator based on page
                 protection that can achieve fine-grained monitoring.
                 Second, we explain how virtualization hardware support
                 can be used to achieve dynamic adjustment of the
                 monitoring granularity. In all, we propose a
                 process-level virtual machine to achieve dynamic and
                 fine-grained monitoring. Any application can run on our
                 process-level virtual machine without modification.
                 Experimental results for an incremental checkpoint tool
                 provide a use-case to demonstrate our work. Comparing
                 with traditional page-based checkpoint, our work can
                 effectively reduce the amount of checkpoint data and
                 improve performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Luckow:2017:HTP,
  author =       "Kasper S{\o}e Luckow and Bent Thomsen and Stephan Erbs
                 Korsholm",
  title =        "{HVM$_{TP}$}: a time predictable and portable {Java
                 Virtual Machine} for hard real-time embedded systems",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3828",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 30 09:11:59 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Mann:2017:WBA,
  author =       "Zolt{\'a}n {\'A}d{\'a}m Mann and M{\'a}t{\'e}
                 Szab{\'o}",
  title =        "Which is the best algorithm for virtual machine
                 placement optimization?",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "25",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4083",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 08:22:36 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Meier:2017:PVM,
  author =       "Remigius Meier and Armin Rigo and Thomas R. Gross",
  title =        "Parallel virtual machines with {RPython}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "48--59",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3093334.2989233",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:15 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/python.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The RPython framework takes an interpreter for a
                 dynamic language as its input and produces a Virtual
                 Machine{\^A} (VM) for that language. RPython is being
                 used to develop PyPy, a high-performance Python
                 interpreter. However, the produced VM does not support
                 parallel execution since the framework relies on a
                 Global Interpreter Lock{\^A} (GIL): PyPy serialises the
                 execution of multi-threaded Python programs. We
                 describe the rationale and design of a new parallel
                 execution model for RPython that allows the generation
                 of parallel virtual machines while leaving the language
                 semantics unchanged. This model then allows different
                 implementations of concurrency control, and we discuss
                 an implementation based on a GIL and an implementation
                 based on Software Transactional Memory{\^A} (STM). To
                 evaluate the benefits of either choice, we adapt PyPy
                 to work with both implementations (GIL and STM). The
                 evaluation shows that PyPy with STM improves the
                 runtime of a set of multi-threaded Python programs over
                 PyPy with a GIL by factors in the range of 1.87 $
                 \times $ up to 5.96 $ \times $ when executing on a
                 processor with 8 cores.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DLS '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Merrifield:2017:PIE,
  author =       "Timothy Merrifield and H. Reza Taheri",
  title =        "Performance Implications of Extended Page Tables on
                 Virtualized x86 Processors",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "38--47",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139652",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Managing virtual memory is an expensive operation, and
                 becomes even more expensive on virtualized servers.
                 Processing TLB misses on a virtualized x86 server
                 requires a two-dimensional page walk that can have 6x
                 more page table lookups, hence 6x more memory
                 references, than a native page table walk. Thus much of
                 the recent research on the subject starts from the
                 assumption that TLB miss processing in virtual
                 environments is significantly more expensive than on
                 native servers. However, we will show that with the
                 latest software stack on modern x86 processors, most of
                 these page table lookups are satisfied by internal
                 paging structure caches and the L1/L2 data caches, and
                 the actual virtualization overhead of TLB miss
                 processing is a modest fraction of the overall time
                 spent processing TLB misses. We show that even for the
                 heaviest workloads, a well-tuned application that uses
                 large pages on a recent OS release with a modern
                 hypervisor running on the latest x86 processors sees
                 only minimal degradation from the additional overhead
                 of the two-dimensional page walks in a virtualized
                 server.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Modi:2017:VLS,
  author =       "Chirag N. Modi and Kamatchi Acha",
  title =        "Virtualization layer security challenges and intrusion
                 detection\slash prevention systems in cloud computing:
                 a comprehensive review",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1192--1234",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1805-9",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 24 10:31:32 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/73/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Montella:2017:VCB,
  author =       "Raffaele Montella and Giulio Giunta and Giuliano
                 Laccetti and Marco Lapegna and Carlo Palmieri and
                 Carmine Ferraro and Valentina Pelliccia and Cheol-Ho
                 Hong and Ivor Spence and Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos",
  title =        "On the Virtualization of {CUDA} Based {GPU} Remoting
                 on {ARM} and x86 Machines in the {GVirtuS} Framework",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1142--1163",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-016-0462-1",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 18 09:27:28 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766/45/5;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Article{Nam:2017:JNE,
  author =       "Tran Manh Nam and Nguyen Huu Thanh and Hoang Trung
                 Hieu and Nguyen Tien Manh and Nguyen Van Huynh and
                 Hoang Duong Tuan",
  title =        "Joint network embedding and server consolidation for
                 energy-efficient dynamic data center virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "125",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "76--89",
  day =          "9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 06:52:31 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128617302517",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Nezarat:2017:GTB,
  author =       "Amin Nezarat and Yaser Shams",
  title =        "A game theoretic-based distributed detection method
                 for {VM}-to-hypervisor attacks in cloud environment",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "4407--4427",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2025-7",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 2 11:08:36 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/73/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Nitu:2017:SBQ,
  author =       "Vlad Nitu and Pierre Olivier and Alain Tchana and
                 Daniel Chiba and Antonio Barbalace and Daniel Hagimont
                 and Binoy Ravindran",
  title =        "Swift Birth and Quick Death: Enabling Fast Parallel
                 Guest Boot and Destruction in the {Xen} Hypervisor",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1--14",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050758",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The ability to quickly set up and tear down a virtual
                 machine is critical for today's cloud elasticity, as
                 well as in numerous other scenarios: guest
                 migration/consolidation, event-driven invocation of
                 micro-services, dynamically adaptive unikernel-based
                 applications, micro-reboots for security or stability,
                 etc. In this paper, we focus on the process of setting
                 up/freeing the hypervisor and host control layer data
                 structures at boot/destruction time, showing that it
                 does not scale in current virtualization solutions. In
                 addition to the direct overhead of long VM
                 set-up/destruction times, we demonstrate by
                 experimentation the indirect costs on real world auto
                 scaling systems. Focusing on the popular Xen
                 hypervisor, we identify three critical issues hindering
                 the scalability of the boot and destruction processes:
                 serialized boot, unscalable interactions with the
                 Xenstore at guest creation time, and remote NUMA memory
                 scrubbing at destruction time. For each of these issues
                 we present the design and implementation of a solution
                 in the Xen infrastructure: parallel boot with
                 fine-grained locking, caching of Xenstore data, and
                 local NUMA scrubbing. We evaluate these solutions using
                 micro-benchmarks, macro-benchmarks, and real world
                 datacenter traces. Results show that our work improves
                 the current Xen implementation by a significant factor,
                 for example macro-benchmarks indicate a speedup of more
                 than 4X in high-load scenarios.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Ogino:2017:VNE,
  author =       "Nagao Ogino and Takeshi Kitahara and Shin'ichi Arakawa
                 and Masayuki Murata",
  title =        "Virtual network embedding with multiple priority
                 classes sharing substrate resources",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "112",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "52--66",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 10 12:06:17 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128616303395",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Peng:2017:SMA,
  author =       "Zhiping Peng and Bo Xu and Antonio Marcel Gates and
                 Delong Cui and Weiwei Lin",
  title =        "A Study of a Multi-Agent Organizational Framework with
                 Virtual Machine Clusters as the Unit of Granularity in
                 Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1032--1043",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 16 10:43:46 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/60/7/1032/2608048",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Pimas:2017:GCE,
  author =       "Javier Pim{\'a}s and Javier Burroni and Jean Baptiste
                 Arnaud and Stefan Marr",
  title =        "Garbage collection and efficiency in dynamic
                 metacircular runtimes: an experience report",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "39--50",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3170472.3133845",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 1 18:56:13 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In dynamic object-oriented languages, low-level
                 mechanisms such as just-in-time compilation, object
                 allocation, garbage collection (GC) and method dispatch
                 are often handled by virtual machines (VMs). VMs are
                 typically implemented using static languages, allowing
                 only few changes at run time. In such systems, the VM
                 is not part of the language and interfaces to memory
                 management or method dispatch are fixed, not allowing
                 for arbitrary adaptation. Furthermore, the
                 implementation can typically not be inspected or
                 debugged with standard tools used to work on
                 application code. This paper reports on our experience
                 building Bee, a dynamic Smalltalk runtime, written in
                 Smalltalk. Bee is a Dynamic Metacircular Runtime (DMR)
                 and seamlessly integrates the VM into the application
                 and thereby overcomes many restrictions of classic VMs,
                 for instance by allowing arbitrary code modifications
                 of the VM at run time. Furthermore, the approach
                 enables developers to use their standard tools for
                 application code also for the VM, allowing them to
                 inspect, debug, understand, and modify a DMR
                 seamlessly. We detail our experience of implementing
                 GC, compilation, and optimizations in a DMR. We discuss
                 examples where we found that DMRs can improve
                 understanding of the system, provide tighter control of
                 the software stack, and facilitate research. We also
                 show that the Bee DMR matches and surpass the
                 performance of a widely used Smalltalk VM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DLS '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Pinto:2017:TTA,
  author =       "Sandro Pinto and Jorge Pereira and Tiago Gomes and
                 Mongkol Ekpanyapong and Adriano Tavares",
  title =        "Towards a {TrustZone}-Assisted Hypervisor for
                 Real-Time Embedded Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "158--161",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/LCA.2016.2617308",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization technology starts becoming more and
                 more widespread in the embedded space. The penalties
                 incurred by standard software-based virtualization is
                 pushing research towards hardware-assisted solutions.
                 Among the existing commercial off-the-shelf
                 technologies for secure virtualization, ARM TrustZone
                 is attracting particular attention. However, it is
                 often seen with some scepticism due to the dual-OS
                 limitation of existing state-of-the-art solutions. This
                 letter presents the implementation of a TrustZone-based
                 hypervisor for real-time embedded systems, which allows
                 multiple RTOS partitions on the same hardware platform.
                 The results demonstrate that virtualization overhead is
                 less than 2 percent for a 10 milliseconds
                 guest-switching rate, and the system remains
                 deterministic. This work goes beyond related work by
                 implementing a TrustZone-assisted solution that allows
                 the execution of an arbitrary number of guest OSes
                 while providing the foundation to drive next generation
                 of secure virtualization solutions for
                 resource-constrained embedded devices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Pinto, S (Reprint Author), Univ Minho, Dept Ctr
                 Algoritmi, P-4704553 Braga, Portugal. Pinto, Sandro;
                 Pereira, Jorge; Gomes, Tiago; Tavares, Adriano, Univ
                 Minho, Dept Ctr Algoritmi, P-4704553 Braga, Portugal.
                 Ekpanyapong, Mongkol, Asian Inst Technol, Pathum Thani
                 12120, Thailand.",
  author-email = "sandro.pinto@algoritmi.uminho.pt
                 jorge.m.pereira@algoritmi.uminho.pt
                 tiago.m.gomes@algoritmi.uminho.pt mongkol@ait.ac.th
                 adriano.tavares@algoritmi.uminho.pt",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "FR2AX",
  eissn =        "1556-6064",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  funding-acknowledgement = "COMPETE [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043]; FCT -
                 Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia
                 [SFRH/BD/91530/2012, UID/CEC/00319/2013]",
  funding-text = "This work has been supported by COMPETE:
                 POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT --- Fundacao para a
                 Ciencia e Tecnologia (grant SFRH/BD/91530/2012 and
                 UID/CEC/00319/2013).",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "ARM; embedded systems; monitor; real-time; RODOS;
                 TrustZone; Virtualization",
  number-of-cited-references = "12",
  ORCID-numbers = "Gomes, Tiago/0000-0002-4071-9015 Salgado Pinto,
                 Sandro Emanuel/0000-0003-4580-7484 Tavares,
                 Adriano/0000-0001-8316-6927",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  researcherid-numbers = "Gomes, Tiago/A-4751-2016 Salgado Pinto, Sandro
                 Emanuel/D-6725-2015 Tavares, Adriano/M-5257-2013",
  times-cited =  "3",
  unique-id =    "Pinto:2017:TTA",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Pizlo:2017:JVM,
  author =       "Filip Pizlo",
  title =        "The {JavaScriptCore} virtual machine (invited talk)",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1--1",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3170472.3148567",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 1 18:56:13 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "JavaScriptCore (JSC) is an open-source
                 high-performance implementation of JavaScript. JSC is
                 used in the WebKit open source browser engine as well
                 as a system framework on macOS and iOS. This talk will
                 give a broad high-level overview of JSC's
                 performance-oriented architecture, including specific
                 details about the object model, garbage collector,
                 optimizing compilers, type inference, and
                 deoptimization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "DLS '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Psychas:2017:NPV,
  author =       "Konstantinos Psychas and Javad Ghaderi",
  title =        "On Non-Preemptive {VM} Scheduling in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-POMACS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35:1--35:29",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3154493",
  ISSN =         "2476-1249",
  ISSN-L =       "2476-1249",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 29 10:31:26 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pomacs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3154493",
  abstract =     "We study the problem of scheduling VMs (Virtual
                 Machines) in a distributed server platform, motivated
                 by cloud computing applications. The VMs arrive
                 dynamically over time to the system, and require a
                 certain amount of resources (e.g. memory, CPU, etc)
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of
                 Computing Systems (POMACS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/pomacs",
}

@Article{Rajabzadeh:2017:EAF,
  author =       "Mehdi Rajabzadeh and Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat",
  title =        "Energy-aware framework with {Markov} chain-based
                 parallel simulated annealing algorithm for dynamic
                 management of virtual machines in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "2001--2017",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1900-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 24 10:31:33 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/73/5;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Rampersaud:2017:SAO,
  author =       "Safraz Rampersaud and Daniel Grosu",
  title =        "Sharing-Aware Online Virtual Machine Packing in
                 Heterogeneous Resource Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "2046--2059",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2016.2641937",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 15 05:46:52 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/07/07792170-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Ren:2017:DPA,
  author =       "Shenyuan Ren and Ligang He and Huanzhou Zhu and Zhuoer
                 Gu and Wei Song and Jiandong Shang",
  title =        "Developing power-aware scheduling mechanisms for
                 computing systems virtualized by {Xen}",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3888",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 18 10:07:19 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Ren:2017:NLN,
  author =       "Jianbao Ren and Yong Qi and Yuehua Dai and Yu Xuan and
                 Yi Shi",
  title =        "{Nosv}: a lightweight nested-virtualization {VMM} for
                 hosting high performance computing on cloud",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "124",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "137--152",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 8 12:35:59 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216302151",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212/",
}

@Article{Richards:2017:VAK,
  author =       "Gregor Richards and Ellen Arteca and Alexi Turcotte",
  title =        "The {VM} already knew that: leveraging compile-time
                 knowledge to optimize gradual typing",
  journal =      j-PACMPL,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "OOPSLA",
  pages =        "55:1--55:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3133879",
  ISSN =         "2475-1421",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 10 09:45:26 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmpl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "55",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages",
  journal-URL =  "https://pacmpl.acm.org/",
}

@Article{Rodrigues:2017:HMM,
  author =       "T. G. Rodrigues and K. Suto and H. Nishiyama and N.
                 Kato",
  title =        "Hybrid Method for Minimizing Service Delay in Edge
                 Cloud Computing Through {VM} Migration and Transmission
                 Power Control",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "810--819",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2016.2620469",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 6 07:46:06 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Cloud computing; cloudlet; Delays; Edge cloud
                 computing; Mobile handsets; Power control; Process
                 control; Proposals; resource management; Servers;
                 service delay minimization; transmission power control;
                 virtualization",
}

@Article{Rodriguez:2017:BDS,
  author =       "Maria A. Rodriguez and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "Budget-Driven Scheduling of Scientific Workflows in
                 {IaaS} Clouds with Fine-Grained Billing Periods",
  journal =      j-TAAS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3041036",
  ISSN =         "1556-4665 (print), 1556-4703 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-4665",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 18:16:40 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With the advent of cloud computing and the
                 availability of data collected from increasingly
                 powerful scientific instruments, workflows have become
                 a prevailing mean to achieve significant scientific
                 advances at an increased pace. Scheduling algorithms
                 are crucial in enabling the efficient automation of
                 these large-scale workflows, and considerable effort
                 has been made to develop novel heuristics tailored for
                 the cloud resource model. The majority of these
                 algorithms focus on coarse-grained billing periods that
                 are much larger than the average execution time of
                 individual tasks. Instead, our work focuses on emerging
                 finer-grained pricing schemes (e.g., per-minute
                 billing) that provide users with more flexibility and
                 the ability to reduce the inherent wastage that results
                 from coarser-grained ones. We propose a scheduling
                 algorithm whose objective is to optimize a workflow's
                 execution time under a budget constraint; quality of
                 service requirement that has been overlooked in favor
                 of optimizing cost under a deadline constraint. Our
                 proposal addresses fundamental challenges of clouds
                 such as resource elasticity, abundance, and
                 heterogeneity, as well as resource performance
                 variation and virtual machine provisioning delays. The
                 simulation results demonstrate our algorithm's
                 responsiveness to environmental uncertainties and its
                 ability to generate high-quality schedules that comply
                 with the budget constraint while achieving faster
                 execution times when compared to state-of-the-art
                 algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems
                 (TAAS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1010",
}

@Article{Roh:2017:JFV,
  author =       "Heejun Roh and Cheoulhoon Jung and Kyunghwi Kim and
                 Sangheon Pack and Wonjun Lee",
  title =        "Joint flow and virtual machine placement in hybrid
                 cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "85",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "4--13",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 29 15:40:53 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804516303101",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Rosa:2017:ARC,
  author =       "Andrea Ros{\`a} and Eduardo Rosales and Walter
                 Binder",
  title =        "Accurate reification of complete supertype information
                 for dynamic analysis on the {JVM}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "104--116",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3170492.3136061",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 1 18:56:14 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Reflective supertype information (RSI) is useful for
                 many instrumentation-based dynamic analyses on the Java
                 Virtual Machine (JVM). On the one hand, while such
                 information can be obtained when performing the
                 instrumentation within the same JVM process executing
                 the instrumented program, in-process instrumentation
                 severely limits the code coverage of the analysis. On
                 the other hand, performing the instrumentation in a
                 separate process can achieve full code coverage, but
                 complete RSI is generally not available, often
                 requiring expensive runtime checks in the instrumented
                 program. Providing accurate and complete RSI in the
                 instrumentation process is challenging because of
                 dynamic class loading and classloader namespaces. In
                 this paper, we present a novel technique to accurately
                 reify complete RSI in a separate instrumentation
                 process. We implement our technique in the dynamic
                 analysis framework DiSL and evaluate it on a task
                 profiler, achieving speedups of up to 45\% for an
                 analysis with full code coverage.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "GPCE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Rottenstreich:2017:MDN,
  author =       "Ori Rottenstreich and Isaac Keslassy and Yoram Revah
                 and Aviran Kadosh",
  title =        "Minimizing Delay in Network Function Virtualization
                 with Shared Pipelines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "156--169",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 15 06:44:55 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/01/07457328-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Roychowdhury:2017:ABS,
  author =       "Sohini Roychowdhury and Paul Hage and Joseph Vasquez",
  title =        "{Azure}-Based Smart Monitoring System for Anemia-Like
                 Pallor",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "39",
  day =          "26",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9030039",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:50:57 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/3/39",
  abstract =     "Increasing costs of diagnostic healthcare have
                 necessitated the development of hardware independent
                 non-invasive Point of Care (POC) systems. Although
                 anemia prevalence rates in global populations vary
                 between 10\% and 60\% in various demographic groups,
                 smart monitoring systems have not yet been developed
                 for screening and tracking anemia-like pallor. In this
                 work, we present two cloud platform-hosted POC
                 applications that are directed towards smart monitoring
                 of anemia-like pallor through eye and tongue pallor
                 site images. The applications consist of a front-end
                 graphical user interface (GUI) module and two different
                 back-end image processing and machine learning modules.
                 Both applications are hosted on a browser accessible
                 tomcat server ported to an Azure Virtual Machine (VM).
                 We observe that the first application spatially
                 segments regions of interest from pallor site images
                 with higher pallor classification accuracy and
                 relatively longer processing times when compared to the
                 lesser accurate yet faster second application. Also,
                 both applications achieve 65\%-98\% accuracy in
                 separating normal images from images with pallor or
                 abnormalities. The optimized front-end module is
                 significantly light-weight with a run-through time
                 ratio of 10-5 with respect to the back-end modules.
                 Thus, the proposed applications are portable and
                 hardware independent, allowing for their use in pallor
                 monitoring and screening tasks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Ryoo:2017:RTD,
  author =       "Jee Ho Ryoo and Nagendra Gulur and Shuang Song and
                 Lizy K. John",
  title =        "Rethinking {TLB} Designs in Virtualized Environments:
                 a Very Large Part-of-Memory {TLB}",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "469--480",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140659.3080210",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 11:09:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With increasing deployment of virtual machines for
                 cloud services and server applications, memory address
                 translation overheads in virtualized environments have
                 received great attention. In the radix-4 type of page
                 tables used in x86 architectures, a TLB-miss
                 necessitates up to 24 memory references for one guest
                 to host translation. While dedicated page walk caches
                 and such recent enhancements eliminate many of these
                 memory references, our measurements on the Intel
                 Skylake processors indicate that many programs in
                 virtualized mode of execution still spend hundreds of
                 cycles for translations that do not hit in the TLBs.
                 This paper presents an innovative scheme to reduce the
                 cost of address translations by using a very large
                 Translation Lookaside Buffer that is part of memory,
                 the POM-TLB. In the POM-TLB, only one access is
                 required instead of up to 24 accesses required in
                 commonly used 2D walks with radix-4 type of page
                 tables. Even if many of the 24 accesses may hit in the
                 page walk caches, the aggregated cost of the many hits
                 plus the overhead of occasional misses from page walk
                 caches still exceeds the cost of one access to the
                 POM-TLB. Since the POM-TLB is part of the memory space,
                 TLB entries (as opposed to multiple page table entries)
                 can be cached in large L2 and L3 data caches, yielding
                 significant benefits. Through detailed evaluation
                 running SPEC, PARSEC and graph workloads, we
                 demonstrate that the proposed POM-TLB improves
                 performance by approximately 10\% on average. The
                 improvement is more than 16\% for 5 of the benchmarks.
                 It is further seen that a POM-TLB of 16MB size can
                 eliminate nearly all TLB misses in 8-core systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Santanna:2017:DIS,
  author =       "Francisco Sant'anna and Roberto Ierusalimschy and
                 Noemi Rodriguez and Silvana Rossetto and Adriano
                 Branco",
  title =        "The Design and Implementation of the Synchronous
                 Language {C{\'e}U}",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "98:1--98:26",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3035544",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 14 18:53:33 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "C {\'e}U is a synchronous language targeting soft
                 real-time systems. It is inspired by Esterel and has a
                 simple semantics with fine-grain control over program
                 execution. C{\'e}U uses an event-triggered notion of
                 time that enables compile-time checks to detect
                 conflicting concurrent statements, resulting in
                 deterministic and concurrency-safe programs. We present
                 the particularities of our design in comparison to
                 Esterel, such as stack-based internal events,
                 concurrency checks, safe integration with C, and
                 first-class timers. We also present two implementation
                 back ends: one aiming for resource efficiency and
                 interoperability with C, and another as a virtual
                 machine that allows remote reprogramming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "98",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
}

@Article{Shen:2017:DAV,
  author =       "Haiying Shen and Liuhua Chen",
  title =        "Distributed Autonomous Virtual Resource Management in
                 Datacenters Using Finite-{Markov} Decision Process",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "3836--3849",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2017.2759276",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 18 06:52:57 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To provide robust infrastructure as a service, clouds
                 currently perform load balancing by migrating virtual
                 machines VMs from heavily loaded physical machines PMs
                 to lightly loaded PMs. Previous reactive load balancing
                 algorithms migrate VMs upon the occurrence of load
                 imbalance, while previous proactive load balancing
                 algorithms predict PM overload to conduct VM migration.
                 However, both methods cannot maintain long-term load
                 balance and produce high overhead and delay due to
                 migration VM selection and destination PM selection. To
                 overcome these problems, in this paper, we propose a
                 proactive Markov Decision Process MDP-based load
                 balancing algorithm. We handle the challenges of
                 allying MDP in virtual resource management in cloud
                 datacenters, which allows a PM to proactively find an
                 optimal action to transit to a lightly loaded state
                 that will maintain for a longer period of time. We also
                 apply the MDP to determine destination PMs to achieve
                 long-term PM load balance state. Our algorithm reduces
                 the numbers of service level agreement SLA violations
                 by long-term load balance maintenance, and also reduces
                 the load balancing overhead e.g., CPU time and energy
                 and delay by quickly identifying VMs and destination
                 PMs to migrate. We further propose enhancement methods
                 for higher performance. First, we propose a cloud
                 profit oriented reward system in the MDP model so that
                 when the MDP tries to maximize the rewards for load
                 balance, it concurrently improves the actual profit of
                 the datacenter. Second, we propose a new MDP model,
                 which considers the actions for both migrating a VM out
                 of a PM and migrating a VM into a PM, in order to
                 reduce the overhead and improve the effectiveness of
                 load balancing. Our trace-driven experiments show that
                 our algorithm outperforms both previous reactive and
                 proactive load balancing algorithms in terms of SLA
                 violation, load balancing efficiency, and long-term
                 load balance maintenance. Our experimental results also
                 show the effectiveness of our proposed enhancement
                 methods.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Shen:2017:SLC,
  author =       "Zhiming Shen and Qin Jia and Gur-Eyal Sela and Weijia
                 Song and Hakim Weatherspoon and Robbert {Van Renesse}",
  title =        "{Supercloud}: a Library Cloud for Exploiting Cloud
                 Diversity",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3132038",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 10 17:48:24 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tocs/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud providers
                 hide available interfaces for virtual machine (VM)
                 placement and migration, CPU capping, memory
                 ballooning, page sharing, and I/O throttling, limiting
                 the ways in which applications can optimally configure
                 resources or respond to dynamically shifting workloads.
                 Given these interfaces, applications could migrate VMs
                 in response to diurnal workloads or changing prices,
                 adjust resources in response to load changes, and so
                 on. This article proposes a new abstraction that we
                 call a Library Cloud and that allows users to customize
                 the diverse available cloud resources to best serve
                 their applications. We built a prototype of a Library
                 Cloud that we call the Supercloud. The Supercloud
                 encapsulates applications in a virtual cloud under
                 users' full control and can incorporate one or more
                 availability zones within a cloud provider or across
                 different providers. The Supercloud provides virtual
                 machine, storage, and networking complete with a full
                 set of management operations, allowing applications to
                 optimize performance. In this article, we demonstrate
                 various innovations enabled by the Library Cloud.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J774",
}

@Article{Silla:2017:BRG,
  author =       "Federico Silla and Sergio Iserte and Carlos Rea{\~n}o
                 and Javier Prades",
  title =        "On the benefits of the remote {GPU} virtualization
                 mechanism: The {rCUDA} case",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "10",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4072",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 08:22:38 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Sohrabi:2017:EEA,
  author =       "Sahar Sohrabi and Yun Yang and Irene Moser and Aldeida
                 Aleti",
  title =        "Energy-efficient adaptive virtual machine migration
                 mechanism for private clouds",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4170",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 4 17:02:01 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Song:2017:EPU,
  author =       "Wonjun Song and Hyung-Joon Jung and Jung Ho Ahn and
                 Jae W. Lee and John Kim",
  title =        "Evaluation of Performance Unfairness in {NUMA} System
                 Architecture",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--29",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/LCA.2016.2602876",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 20 17:18:18 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "NUMA (Non-uniform memory access) system architectures
                 are commonly used in high-performance computing and
                 datacenters. Within each architecture, a
                 processor-interconnect is used for communication
                 between the different sockets and examples of such
                 interconnect include Intel QPI and AMD HyperTransport.
                 In this work, we explore the impact of the
                 processor-interconnect on overall performance-in
                 particular, we explore the impact on performance
                 fairness from the processor-interconnect arbitration.
                 It is well known that locally-fair arbitration does not
                 guarantee globally-fair bandwidth sharing as closer
                 nodes receive more bandwidth in a multi-hop network.
                 However, this paper is the first to demonstrate the
                 opposite can occur in a commodity NUMA servers where
                 remote nodes receive higher bandwidth (and perform
                 better). This problem occurs because router
                 micro-architectures for processor-interconnects
                 commonly employ external concentration. While accessing
                 remote memory can occur in any NUMA system, performance
                 unfairness (or performance variation) is more critical
                 in cloud computing and virtual machines with shared
                 resources. We demonstrate how this unfairness creates
                 significant performance variation when executing
                 workload on the Xen virtualization platform. We then
                 provide analysis using synthetic workloads to better
                 understand the source of unfairness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Song, W (Reprint Author), Korea Adv Inst Sci \&
                 Technol, Daejeon, South Korea. Song, Wonjun; Jung,
                 Hyung-Joon; Kim, John, Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol,
                 Daejeon, South Korea. Ahn, Jung Ho; Lee, Jae W., Seoul
                 Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea.",
  author-email = "iamwonjunsong@kaist.edu hans7taiji@kaist.edu
                 gajh@snu.ac.kr jaewlee@snu.ac.kr jjk12@kaist.edu",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "EY5PB",
  eissn =        "1556-6064",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  funding-acknowledgement = "Google Faculty Research Award, National
                 Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2013R1A2A2A01069132,
                 NRF-2014R1A2A1A11052936, NRF-2015M3C4A7065647]; MSIP
                 under the ITRC [IITP-2016-H8501-16-1005]",
  funding-text = "This work was supported in part by Google Faculty
                 Research Award, National Research Foundation of Korea
                 (NRF-2013R1A2A2A01069132, NRF-2014R1A2A1A11052936, and
                 NRF-2015M3C4A7065647), and in part by MSIP under the
                 ITRC (IITP-2016-H8501-16-1005).",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "NUMA; processor-interconnect; unfairness",
  number-of-cited-references = "8",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  researcherid-numbers = "Kim, John/C-1792-2011",
  times-cited =  "1",
  unique-id =    "Song:2017:EPU",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Song:2017:HBA,
  author =       "Wonjun Song and Gwangsun Kim and Hyungjoon Jung and
                 Jongwook Chung and Jung Ho Ahn and Jae W. Lee and John
                 Kim",
  title =        "History-Based Arbitration for Fairness in
                 Processor-Interconnect of {NUMA} Servers",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "765--777",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3093337.3037753",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 5 18:01:58 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "NUMA (non-uniform memory access) servers are commonly
                 used in high-performance computing and datacenters.
                 Within each server, a processor-interconnect (e.g.,
                 Intel QPI, AMD HyperTransport) is used to communicate
                 between the different sockets or nodes. In this work,
                 we explore the impact of the processor-interconnect on
                 overall performance --- in particular, the performance
                 unfairness caused by processor-interconnect
                 arbitration. It is well known that locally-fair
                 arbitration does not guarantee globally-fair bandwidth
                 sharing as closer nodes receive more bandwidth in a
                 multi-hop network. However, this work demonstrates that
                 the opposite can occur in a commodity NUMA server where
                 remote nodes receive higher bandwidth (and perform
                 better). We analyze this problem and identify that this
                 occurs because of external concentration used in router
                 micro-architectures for processor-interconnects without
                 globally-aware arbitration. While accessing remote
                 memory can occur in any NUMA system, performance
                 unfairness (or performance variation) is more critical
                 in cloud computing and virtual machines with shared
                 resources. We demonstrate how this unfairness creates
                 significant performance variation when a workload is
                 executed on the Xen virtualization platform. We then
                 provide analysis using synthetic workloads to better
                 understand the source of unfairness and eliminate the
                 impact of other shared resources, including the shared
                 last-level cache and main memory. To provide fairness,
                 we propose a novel, history-based arbitration that
                 tracks the history of arbitration grants made in the
                 previous history window. A weighted arbitration is done
                 based on the history to provide global fairness.
                 Through simulations, we show our proposed history-based
                 arbitration can provide global fairness and minimize
                 the processor- interconnect performance unfairness at
                 low cost.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
  remark =       "ASPLOS'17 conference proceedings",
}

@Article{Sotiriadis:2017:VMC,
  author =       "Stelios Sotiriadis and Nik Bessis and Euripides G. M.
                 Petrakis and Cristiana Amza and Catalin Negru and
                 Mariana Mocanu",
  title =        "Virtual machine cluster mobility in inter-cloud
                 platforms",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "179--189",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 19:02:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16300206",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Soundararajan:2017:SFC,
  author =       "Vijayaraghavan Soundararajan and Joshua Schnee",
  title =        "Sustainability as a first-class metric for developers
                 and end-users",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--66",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139655",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Sustainability is increasingly important as
                 datacenters continue to consume vast quantities of
                 resources worldwide. VMware is already well-positioned
                 to reduce power consumption by increasing server
                 consolidation, as a recent IDC report attests. However,
                 improved server consolidation is only one piece of the
                 sustainability puzzle, and individual engineers may be
                 hard-pressed to understand how they can individually
                 contribute to improving sustainability. The
                 conventional methods for demonstrating sustainability
                 do not provide a true measure of the amount of impact
                 an individual engineer can make. In this paper, we
                 explore the sustainability life cycle of our products,
                 not just from the perspective of an end consumer, but
                 also from an internal developer perspective. We take
                 three simple use cases and explore how optimizations
                 can implicitly lead to improved sustainability. From
                 these use cases, we discuss various ways in which
                 sustainability can be quantified. We argue that VMware
                 should start recording and publishing sustainability
                 metrics and use these metrics to help drive customer
                 adoption and help drive internal productivity
                 improvements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Srikanth:2017:CVU,
  author =       "Akhilesh Srikanth and Burak Sahin and William R.
                 Harris",
  title =        "Complexity verification using guided theorem
                 enumeration",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "639--652",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3093333.3009864",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Determining if a given program satisfies a given bound
                 on the amount of resources that it may use is a
                 fundamental problem with critical practical
                 applications. Conventional automatic verifiers for
                 safety properties cannot be applied to address this
                 problem directly because such verifiers target
                 properties expressed in decidable theories; however,
                 many practical bounds are expressed in nonlinear
                 theories, which are undecidable. In this work, we
                 introduce an automatic verification algorithm, CAMPY,
                 that determines if a given program P satisfies a given
                 resource bound B, which may be expressed using
                 polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic terms. The key
                 technical contribution behind our verifier is an
                 interpolating theorem prover for non-linear theories
                 that lazily learns a sufficiently accurate
                 approximation of non-linear theories by selectively
                 grounding theorems of the nonlinear theory that are
                 relevant to proving that P satisfies B. To evaluate
                 CAMPY, we implemented it to target Java Virtual Machine
                 bytecode. We applied CAMPY to verify that over 20
                 solutions submitted for programming problems hosted on
                 popular online coding platforms satisfy or do not
                 satisfy expected complexity bounds.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "POPL '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Stefanovici:2017:TSS,
  author =       "Ioan Stefanovici and Bianca Schroeder and Greg O'Shea
                 and Eno Thereska",
  title =        "Treating the Storage Stack Like a Network",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3032968",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 25 07:00:07 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/tos/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In a data center, an IO from an application to
                 distributed storage traverses not only the network but
                 also several software stages with diverse
                 functionality. This set of ordered stages is known as
                 the storage or IO stack. Stages include caches,
                 hypervisors, IO schedulers, file systems, and device
                 drivers. Indeed, in a typical data center, the number
                 of these stages is often larger than the number of
                 network hops to the destination. Yet, while packet
                 routing is fundamental to networks, no notion of IO
                 routing exists on the storage stack. The path of an IO
                 to an endpoint is predetermined and hard coded. This
                 forces IO with different needs (e.g., requiring
                 different caching or replica selection) to flow through
                 a one-size-fits-all IO stack structure, resulting in an
                 ossified IO stack. This article proposes sRoute, an
                 architecture that provides a routing abstraction for
                 the storage stack. sRoute comprises a centralized
                 control plane and ``sSwitches'' on the data plane. The
                 control plane sets the forwarding rules in each sSwitch
                 to route IO requests at runtime based on
                 application-specific policies. A key strength of our
                 architecture is that it works with unmodified
                 applications and Virtual Machines (VMs). This article
                 shows significant benefits of customized IO routing to
                 data center tenants: for example, a factor of 10 for
                 tail IO latency, more than 60\% better throughput for a
                 customized replication protocol, a factor of 2 in
                 throughput for customized caching, and enabling live
                 performance debugging in a running system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J960",
}

@Article{Steindorfer:2017:TSP,
  author =       "Michael J. Steindorfer and Jurgen J. Vinju",
  title =        "Towards a software product line of trie-based
                 collections",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "168--172",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3093335.2993251",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:15 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Collection data structures in standard libraries of
                 programming languages are designed to excel for the
                 average case by carefully balancing memory footprint
                 and runtime performance. These implicit design
                 decisions and hard-coded trade-offs do constrain users
                 from using an optimal variant for a given problem.
                 Although a wide range of specialized collections is
                 available for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), they
                 introduce yet another dependency and complicate user
                 adoption by requiring specific Application Program
                 Interfaces (APIs) incompatible with the standard
                 library. A product line for collection data structures
                 would relieve library designers from optimizing for the
                 general case. Furthermore, a product line allows
                 evolving the potentially large code base of a
                 collection family efficiently. The challenge is to find
                 a small core framework for collection data structures
                 which covers all variations without exhaustively
                 listing them, while supporting good performance at the
                 same time. We claim that the concept of Array Mapped
                 Tries (AMTs) embodies a high degree of commonality in
                 the sub-domain of immutable collection data structures.
                 AMTs are flexible enough to cover most of the
                 variability, while minimizing code bloat in the
                 generator and the generated code. We implemented a Data
                 Structure Code Generator (DSCG) that emits immutable
                 collections based on an AMT skeleton foundation. The
                 generated data structures outperform competitive
                 hand-optimized implementations, and the generator still
                 allows for customization towards specific workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "GPCE '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Suneja:2017:SIL,
  author =       "Sahil Suneja and Ricardo Koller and Canturk Isci and
                 Eyal de Lara and Ali Hashemi and Arnamoy Bhattacharyya
                 and Cristiana Amza",
  title =        "Safe Inspection of Live Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "97--111",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050766",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With DevOps automation and an everything-as-code
                 approach to lifecycle management for cloud-native
                 applications, challenges emerge from an operational
                 visibility and control perspective. Once a VM is
                 deployed in production it typically becomes a hands-off
                 entity in terms of restrictions towards inspecting or
                 tuning it, for the fear of negatively impacting its
                 operation. We present CIVIC (Cloning and Injection
                 based VM Inspection for Cloud), a new mechanism that
                 enables safe inspection of unmodified production VMs
                 on-the-fly. CIVIC restricts all impact and side-effects
                 of inspection or analysis operations inside a live
                 clone of the production VM. New functionality over the
                 replicated VM state is introduced using code injection.
                 In this paper, we describe the design and
                 implementation of our solution over KVM/QEMU. We
                 demonstrate four of its use-cases-(i) safe reuse of
                 system monitoring agents, (ii) impact-heavy problem
                 diagnostics and troubleshooting, (iii) attaching an
                 intrusive anomaly detector to a live service, and (iv)
                 live tuning of a webserver's configuration parameters.
                 Our evaluation shows CIVIC is nimble and lightweight in
                 terms of memory footprint as well as clone activation
                 time (6.5s), and has a low impact on the original VM
                 ({$<$} 10\%).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Taheri:2017:VBB,
  author =       "Javid Taheri and Albert Y. Zomaya and Andreas
                 Kassler",
  title =        "{vmBBProfiler}: a black-box profiling approach to
                 quantify sensitivity of virtual machines to shared
                 cloud resources",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "99",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1149--1177",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-017-0552-y",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 9 14:54:11 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/99/12;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-017-0552-y.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Tan:2017:EPP,
  author =       "Tian Tan and Yue Li and Jingling Xue",
  title =        "Efficient and precise points-to analysis: modeling the
                 heap by merging equivalent automata",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "278--291",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140587.3062360",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Mainstream points-to analysis techniques for
                 object-oriented languages rely predominantly on the
                 allocation-site abstraction to model heap objects. We
                 present MAHJONG, a novel heap abstraction that is
                 specifically developed to address the needs of an
                 important class of type-dependent clients, such as call
                 graph construction, devirtualization and may-fail
                 casting. By merging equivalent automata representing
                 type-consistent objects that are created by the
                 allocation-site abstraction, MAHJONG enables an
                 allocation-site-based points-to analysis to run
                 significantly faster while achieving nearly the same
                 precision for type-dependent clients. MAHJONG is simple
                 conceptually, efficient, and drops easily on any
                 allocation-site-based points-to analysis. We
                 demonstrate its effectiveness by discussing some
                 insights on why it is a better alternative of the
                 allocation-site abstraction for type-dependent clients
                 and evaluating it extensively on 12 large real-world
                 Java programs with five context-sensitive points-to
                 analyses and three widely used type-dependent clients.
                 MAHJONG is expected to provide significant benefits for
                 many program analyses where call graphs are required.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PLDI '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Tennenhouse:2017:RV,
  author =       "David Tennenhouse",
  title =        "Research at {VMware}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--4",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139647",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "VMware has its roots in the academic research
                 community, starting with the commercialization of the
                 work on x86 virtualization of Prof. Mendel Rosenblum
                 and his team at Stanford University [1]. Developers
                 embraced VMware's original workstation product and the
                 ensuing work on server virtualization led to today's
                 vSphere platform, which has enabled significant server
                 consolidation, numerous operational benefits, and
                 isolation-based security. In addition, the vast
                 improvements in server utilization provide VMware's
                 customers with significant cost savings and is a key
                 contributor to the environmental sustainability of
                 modern data centers [2]. VMware has remained true to
                 its research roots, with a strong engineering culture
                 that emphasizes grassroots innovation through
                 hackathons, incubation projects, open source
                 activities, seminars and RADIO, an annual R\&D
                 innovation offsite that brings together a substantial
                 fraction of the company's developers. Just a few
                 examples of current activities are open vSwitch (OVS),
                 the virtualization and exploration of non-volatile
                 memory (NVM), securing and managing the Internet of
                 Things (IoT), and support for Containers. Over time,
                 there has been a dramatic increase in the scope for
                 innovation at VMware. This paper provides an overview
                 of how that scope has grown and how it has expanded the
                 range of relevant research opportunities along with a
                 description of VMware's recently formed research group,
                 including its mission, composition and significant
                 research thrusts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Tighe:2017:TAA,
  author =       "Michael Tighe and Michael Bauer",
  title =        "Topology and Application Aware Dynamic {VM} Management
                 in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "273--294",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-017-9397-z",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 2 10:16:50 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/15/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-017-9397-z;
                 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10723-017-9397-z.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Trinder:2017:SRI,
  author =       "Phil Trinder and Natalia Chechina and Nikolaos
                 Papaspyrou and Konstantinos Sagonas and Simon Thompson
                 and Stephen Adams and Stavros Aronis and Robert Baker
                 and Eva Bihari and Olivier Boudeville and Francesco
                 Cesarini and Maurizio {Di Stefano} and Sverker Eriksson
                 and Vikt{\'o}ria F{\"o}rd{\H{o}}s and Amir Ghaffari and
                 Aggelos Giantsios and Rickard Green and Csaba Hoch and
                 David Klaftenegger and Huiqing Li and Kenneth Lundin
                 and Kenneth Mackenzie and Katerina Roukounaki and
                 Yiannis Tsiouris and Kjell Winblad",
  title =        "Scaling Reliably: Improving the Scalability of the
                 {Erlang} Distributed Actor Platform",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3107937",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 19 06:38:32 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Distributed actor languages are an effective means of
                 constructing scalable reliable systems, and the Erlang
                 programming language has a well-established and
                 influential model. While the Erlang model conceptually
                 provides reliable scalability, it has some inherent
                 scalability limits and these force developers to depart
                 from the model at scale. This article establishes the
                 scalability limits of Erlang systems and reports the
                 work of the EU RELEASE project to improve the
                 scalability and understandability of the Erlang
                 reliable distributed actor model. We systematically
                 study the scalability limits of Erlang and then address
                 the issues at the virtual machine, language, and tool
                 levels. More specifically: (1) We have evolved the
                 Erlang virtual machine so that it can work effectively
                 in large-scale single-host multicore and NUMA
                 architectures. We have made important changes and
                 architectural improvements to the widely used
                 Erlang/OTP release. (2) We have designed and
                 implemented Scalable Distributed (SD) Erlang libraries
                 to address language-level scalability issues and
                 provided and validated a set of semantics for the new
                 language constructs. (3) To make large Erlang systems
                 easier to deploy, monitor, and debug, we have developed
                 and made open source releases of five complementary
                 tools, some specific to SD Erlang. Throughout the
                 article we use two case studies to investigate the
                 capabilities of our new technologies and tools: a
                 distributed hash table based Orbit calculation and Ant
                 Colony Optimisation (ACO). Chaos Monkey experiments
                 show that two versions of ACO survive random process
                 failure and hence that SD Erlang preserves the Erlang
                 reliability model. While we report measurements on a
                 range of NUMA and cluster architectures, the key
                 scalability experiments are conducted on the Athos
                 cluster with 256 hosts (6,144 cores). Even for programs
                 with no global recovery data to maintain, SD Erlang
                 partitions the network to reduce network traffic and
                 hence improves performance of the Orbit and ACO
                 benchmarks above 80 hosts. ACO measurements show that
                 maintaining global recovery data dramatically limits
                 scalability; however, scalability is recovered by
                 partitioning the recovery data. We exceed the
                 established scalability limits of distributed Erlang,
                 and do not reach the limits of SD Erlang for these
                 benchmarks at this scale (256 hosts, 6,144 cores).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
}

@Article{Tsai:2017:JSD,
  author =       "Po-An Tsai and Nathan Beckmann and Daniel Sanchez",
  title =        "{Jenga}: Software-Defined Cache Hierarchies",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "652--665",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140659.3080214",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 11:09:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Caches are traditionally organized as a rigid
                 hierarchy, with multiple levels of progressively larger
                 and slower memories. Hierarchy allows a simple, fixed
                 design to benefit a wide range of applications, since
                 working sets settle at the smallest (i.e., fastest and
                 most energy-efficient) level they fit in. However,
                 rigid hierarchies also add overheads, because each
                 level adds latency and energy even when it does not fit
                 the working set. These overheads are expensive on
                 emerging systems with heterogeneous memories, where the
                 differences in latency and energy across levels are
                 small. Significant gains are possible by specializing
                 the hierarchy to applications. We propose Jenga, a
                 reconfigurable cache hierarchy that dynamically and
                 transparently specializes itself to applications. Jenga
                 builds virtual cache hierarchies out of heterogeneous,
                 distributed cache banks using simple hardware
                 mechanisms and an OS runtime. In contrast to prior
                 techniques that trade energy and bandwidth for
                 performance (e.g., dynamic bypassing or prefetching),
                 Jenga eliminates accesses to unwanted cache levels.
                 Jenga thus improves both performance and energy
                 efficiency. On a 36-core chip with a 1 GB DRAM cache,
                 Jenga improves energy-delay product over a combination
                 of state-of-the-art techniques by 23\% on average and
                 by up to 85\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Tu:2017:BEO,
  author =       "Cheng-Chun Tu and Joe Stringer and Justin Pettit",
  title =        "Building an Extensible {Open vSwitch} Datapath",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--77",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139657",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The virtual switch is the cornerstone of the today's
                 virtualized data center. As all traffic to and from
                 virtual machines or containers must pass through a
                 vSwitch, it is the ideal location for network
                 configuration and policy enforcement. The bulk of Open
                 vSwitch functionality is platform-agnostic and
                 portable. However the datapath, which touches every
                 packet, is unique to each supported platform.
                 Maintaining each datapath requires duplicated effort
                 and the result has been inconsistent support of
                 features across platforms. Even on a single platform,
                 the features supported by a particular kernel version
                 can vary. Further, datapath functionality must be
                 broadly useful which prevents having
                 application-specific features in the fast path. eBPF,
                 extended Berkeley Packet Filter, enables userspace
                 applications to customize and extend the Linux kernel's
                 functionality. It provides flexible platform
                 abstractions for network functions, and is being ported
                 to a variety of platforms. This paper describes the
                 design, implementation, and evaluation of an eBPF-based
                 extensible OVS datapath. The eBPF OVS datapath delivers
                 the equivalent functionality of the existing OVS kernel
                 datapath, while significantly reducing development pain
                 points around maintainability and extensibility. We
                 demonstrate that these benefits don't necessarily have
                 a trade off in regards to performance, with the
                 eBPFbased datapath showing negligible overhead compared
                 to the existing kernel datapath.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Vissicchio:2017:SUH,
  author =       "Stefano Vissicchio and Laurent Vanbever and Luca
                 Cittadini and Geoffrey G. Xie and Olivier Bonaventure",
  title =        "Safe Update of Hybrid {SDN} Networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1649--1662",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2016.2642586",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 3 16:29:32 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The support for safe network updates, i.e., live
                 modification of device behavior without service
                 disruption, is a critical primitive for current and
                 future networks. Several techniques have been proposed
                 by previous works to implement such a primitive.
                 Unfortunately, existing techniques are not generally
                 applicable to any network architecture, and typically
                 require high overhead e.g., additional memory to
                 guarantee strong consistency i.e., traversal of either
                 initial or final paths, but never a mix of them during
                 the update. In this paper, we deeply study the problem
                 of computing operational sequences to safely and
                 quickly update arbitrary networks. We characterize
                 cases, for which this computation is easy, and revisit
                 previous algorithmic contributions in the new light of
                 our theoretical findings. We also propose and
                 thoroughly evaluate a generic sequence-computation
                 approach, based on two new algorithms that we combine
                 to overcome limitations of prior proposals. Our
                 approach always finds an operational sequence that
                 provably guarantees strong consistency throughout the
                 update, with very limited overhead. Moreover, it can be
                 applied to update networks running any combination of
                 centralized and distributed control-planes, including
                 different families of IGPs, OpenFlow or other SDN
                 protocols, and hybrid SDN networks. Our approach
                 therefore supports a large set of use cases, ranging
                 from traffic engineering in IGP-only or SDN-only
                 networks to incremental SDN roll-out and advanced
                 requirements e.g., per-flow path selection or dynamic
                 network function virtualization in partial SDN
                 deployments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Wade:2017:AVJ,
  author =       "April W. Wade and Prasad A. Kulkarni and Michael R.
                 Jantz",
  title =        "{AOT} vs. {JIT}: impact of profile data on code
                 quality",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1--10",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140582.3081037",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:15 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Just-in-time (JIT) compilation during program
                 execution and ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation during
                 software installation are alternate techniques used by
                 managed language virtual machines (VM) to generate
                 optimized native code while simultaneously achieving
                 binary code portability and high execution performance.
                 Profile data collected by JIT compilers at run-time can
                 enable profile-guided optimizations (PGO) to customize
                 the generated native code to different program inputs.
                 AOT compilation removes the speed and energy overhead
                 of online profile collection and dynamic compilation,
                 but may not be able to achieve the quality and
                 performance of customized native code. The goal of this
                 work is to investigate and quantify the implications of
                 the AOT compilation model on the quality of the
                 generated native code for current VMs. First, we
                 quantify the quality of native code generated by the
                 two compilation models for a state-of-the-art (HotSpot)
                 Java VM. Second, we determine how the amount of profile
                 data collected affects the quality of generated code.
                 Third, we develop a mechanism to determine the accuracy
                 or similarity for different profile data for a given
                 program run, and investigate how the accuracy of
                 profile data affects its ability to effectively guide
                 PGOs. Finally, we categorize the profile data types in
                 our VM and explore the contribution of each such
                 category to performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "LCTES '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wang:2017:DCT,
  author =       "Xiumin Wang and Xiaoming Chen and Chau Yuen and Weiwei
                 Wu and Meng Zhang and Cheng Zhan",
  title =        "Delay-cost tradeoff for virtual machine migration in
                 cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "62--72",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 31 07:48:43 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804516302739",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Wang:2017:JRJ,
  author =       "Kaiyuan Wang and Sarfraz Khurshid and Milos Gligoric",
  title =        "{JPR}: Replaying {JPF} Traces Using Standard {JVM}",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1--5",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3149485.3149494",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:16:48 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Java PathFinder (JPF) is a backtrackable Java Virtual
                 Machine (JVM), which is implemented in Java and runs on
                 a standard JVM (e.g., Oracle HotSpot). Thus, a JPF
                 developer can use off-the-shelf Java debuggers (e.g.,
                 jdb) when debugging code that makes up JPF. JPF
                 explores all non-deterministic executions of a given
                 target program and monitors for property violations. To
                 facilitate debugging of the target program, JPF can
                 capture and replay the execution trace that leads to a
                 property violation. While the deterministic replay is
                 invaluable, the replay with JPF does not allow the
                 developer to attach an off-the-shelf Java debugger to
                 the target program (e.g., step through the application
                 code, set breakpoints, etc.). We present a technique,
                 dubbed JPR, to improve the debugging experience of the
                 JPF captured traces by migrating the JPF traces to a
                 new format that can be executed using the standard JVM.
                 JPR annotates each JPF trace, during the capture phase,
                 with extra data (e.g., instruction index, instruction
                 count, etc.); the annotated trace is then used to
                 instrument Java bytecode to enforce the same execution
                 trace on a standard JVM. JPR is compatible with various
                 optimizations, e.g., state matching and partial-order
                 reduction. We evaluated JPR on all multithreaded Java
                 programs in the official JPF distribution. Our results
                 show that JPR successfully replayed all JPF traces on
                 the standard JVM with reasonable overhead during both
                 recording and replaying.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Wang:2017:RES,
  author =       "Tao Wang and Jiwei Xu and Wenbo Zhang and Jianhua
                 Zhang and Jun Wei and Hua Zhong",
  title =        "{ReSeer}: Efficient search-based replay for
                 multiprocessor virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "126",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "101--112",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 10 10:22:09 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216301248",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212/",
}

@Article{Wang:2017:RLW,
  author =       "Zhe Wang and Chenggang Wu and Jianjun Li and Yuanming
                 Lai and Xiangyu Zhang and Wei-Chung Hsu and Yueqiang
                 Cheng",
  title =        "{ReRanz}: a Light-Weight Virtual Machine to Mitigate
                 Memory Disclosure Attacks",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "143--156",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050752",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent code reuse attacks are able to circumvent
                 various address space layout randomization (ASLR)
                 techniques by exploiting memory disclosure
                 vulnerabilities. To mitigate sophisticated code reuse
                 attacks, we proposed a light-weight virtual machine,
                 ReRanz, which deployed a novel continuous binary code
                 re-randomization to mitigate memory disclosure oriented
                 attacks. In order to meet security and performance
                 goals, costly code randomization operations were
                 outsourced to a separate process, called the
                 ``shuffling process''. The shuffling process
                 continuously flushed the old code and replaced it with
                 a fine-grained randomized code variant. ReRanz repeated
                 the process each time an adversary might obtain the
                 information and upload a payload. Our performance
                 evaluation shows that ReRanz Virtual Machine incurs a
                 very low performance overhead. The security evaluation
                 shows that ReRanz successfully protect the Nginx web
                 server against the Blind-ROP attack.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wang:2017:SMC,
  author =       "Yang Wang and Bharadwaj Veeravalli and Chen-Khong Tham
                 and Shuibing He and Chengzhong Xu",
  title =        "On Service Migrations in the Cloud for Mobile
                 Accesses: a Distributed Approach",
  journal =      j-TAAS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3050438",
  ISSN =         "1556-4665 (print), 1556-4703 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-4665",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 18:16:40 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the problem of dynamically migrating a
                 service in the cloud to satisfy an online sequence of
                 mobile batch-request demands in a cost-effective way.
                 The service may have single or multiple replicas, each
                 running on a virtual machine. As the origin of mobile
                 accesses frequently changes over time, this problem is
                 particularly important for time-bounded services to
                 achieve enhanced Quality of Service and cost
                 effectiveness. Moving the service closer to the client
                 locations not only reduces the service access latency
                 but also minimizes the network costs for service
                 providers. However, these benefits are not free. The
                 migration comes at a cost of bulk-data transfer and
                 service disruption, and hence, increasing the overall
                 service costs. To gain the benefits of service
                 migration while minimizing the caused monetary costs,
                 we propose an efficient search-based algorithm Dmig to
                 migrate a single server, and then extend it as a
                 scalable algorithm, called mDmig, to the multi-server
                 situation, a more general case in the cloud. Both
                 algorithms are fully distributed, symmetric, and
                 characterized by the effective use of historical access
                 information to conduct virtual migration so that the
                 limitations of local search in the cost reduction can
                 be overcome. To evaluate the algorithms, we compared
                 them with some existing algorithms and an off-line
                 algorithm. Our simulation results showed that the
                 proposed algorithms exhibit better performance in
                 service migration by adapting to the changes of mobile
                 access patterns in a cost-effective way.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems
                 (TAAS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1010",
}

@Article{Wang:2017:UBI,
  author =       "Cheng Wang and Bhuvan Urgaonkar and Neda Nasiriani and
                 George Kesidis",
  title =        "Using Burstable Instances in the Public Cloud: Why,
                 When and How?",
  journal =      j-POMACS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3084448",
  ISSN =         "2476-1249",
  ISSN-L =       "2476-1249",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 16 09:11:52 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pomacs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3084448",
  abstract =     "Amazon EC2 and Google Compute Engine (GCE) have
                 recently introduced a new class of virtual machines
                 called 'burstable' instances that are cheaper than even
                 the smallest traditional/regular instances. These lower
                 prices come with reduced average capacity and increased
                 variance. Using measurements from both EC2 and GCE, we
                 identify key idiosyncrasies of resource capacity
                 dynamism for burstable instances that set them apart
                 from other instance types. Most importantly, certain
                 resources for these instances appear to be regulated by
                 deterministic token bucket like mechanisms. We find
                 widely different types of disclosures by providers of
                 the parameters governing these regulation mechanisms:
                 full disclosure (e.g., CPU capacity for EC2 t2
                 instances), partial disclosure (e.g., CPU capacity and
                 remote disk IO bandwidth for GCE shared-core
                 instances), or no disclosure (network bandwidth for EC2
                 t2 instances). A tenant modeling these variations as
                 random phenomena (as some recent work suggests) might
                 make sub-optimal procurement and operation decisions.
                 We present modeling techniques for a tenant to infer
                 the properties of these regulation mechanisms via
                 simple offline measurements. We also present two case
                 studies of how certain memcached workloads might
                 benefit from our modeling when operating on EC2 by: (i)
                 augmenting cheap but low availability in-memory storage
                 offered by spot instances with backup of popular
                 content on burstable instances, and (ii) temporal
                 multiplexing of multiple burstable instances to achieve
                 the CPU or network bandwidth (and thereby throughput)
                 equivalent of a more expensive regular EC2 instance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of
                 Computing Systems (POMACS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://dl.acm.org/pub.cfm?id=J1567",
}

@Article{Wei:2017:DCS,
  author =       "Xiaohan Wei and Michael J. Neely",
  title =        "Data Center Server Provision: Distributed Asynchronous
                 Control for Coupled Renewal Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2180--2194",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2017.2693407",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 3 16:29:33 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper considers a cost minimization problem for
                 data centers with $N$ servers and randomly arriving
                 service requests. A central router decides which server
                 to use for each new request. Each server has three
                 types of states active, idle, and setup with different
                 costs and time durations. The servers operate
                 asynchronously over their own states and can choose one
                 of multiple sleep modes when idle. We develop an online
                 distributed control algorithm so that each server makes
                 its own decisions. The request queues are bounded and
                 the overall time average cost is near optimal with
                 probability 1. First the algorithm does not need
                 probability information for the arrival rate or job
                 sizes. Finally, an improved algorithm that uses a
                 single queue is developed via a ``virtualization''
                 technique, which is shown to provide the same near
                 optimal costs. Simulation experiments on a real data
                 center traffic trace demonstrate the efficiency of our
                 algorithm compared with other existing algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Wu:2017:ACM,
  author =       "Jiang Wu and Zhou Lei and Shengbo Chen and Wenfeng
                 Shen",
  title =        "An Access Control Model for Preventing Virtual Machine
                 Escape Attack",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20",
  day =          "02",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi9020020",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:50:57 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/9/2/20",
  abstract =     "With the rapid development of Internet, the
                 traditional computing environment is making a big
                 migration to the cloud-computing environment. However,
                 cloud computing introduces a set of new security
                 problems. Aiming at the virtual machine (VM) escape
                 attack, we study the traditional attack model and
                 attack scenarios in the cloud-computing environment. In
                 addition, we propose an access control model that can
                 prevent virtual machine escape (PVME) by adapting the
                 BLP (Bell-La Padula) model (an access control model
                 developed by D. Bell and J. LaPadula). Finally, the
                 PVME model has been implemented on full virtualization
                 architecture. The experimental results show that the
                 PVME module can effectively prevent virtual machine
                 escape while only incurring 4\% to 8\% time overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Wu:2017:AOA,
  author =       "Song Wu and Yihong Wang and Wei Luo and Sheng Di and
                 Haibao Chen and Xiaolin Xu and Ran Zheng and Hai Jin",
  title =        "{ACStor}: Optimizing Access Performance of Virtual
                 Disk Images in Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2414--2427",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2675988",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 17 10:20:52 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/09/07866840-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Wu:2017:VPP,
  author =       "Song Wu and Yongchang Li and Xinhou Wang and Hai Jin
                 and Hanhua Chen",
  title =        "{Vshadow}: Promoting Physical Servers into
                 Virtualization World",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--66",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-015-0385-2",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 13 15:25:22 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766/45/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10766-015-0385-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Article{Wurthinger:2017:PPE,
  author =       "Thomas W{\"u}rthinger and Christian Wimmer and
                 Christian Humer and Andreas W{\"o}{\ss} and Lukas
                 Stadler and Chris Seaton and Gilles Duboscq and Doug
                 Simon and Matthias Grimmer",
  title =        "Practical partial evaluation for high-performance
                 dynamic language runtimes",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "662--676",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140587.3062381",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Most high-performance dynamic language virtual
                 machines duplicate language semantics in the
                 interpreter, compiler, and runtime system. This
                 violates the principle to not repeat yourself. In
                 contrast, we define languages solely by writing an
                 interpreter. The interpreter performs specializations,
                 e.g., augments the interpreted program with type
                 information and profiling information. Compiled code is
                 derived automatically using partial evaluation while
                 incorporating these specializations. This makes partial
                 evaluation practical in the context of dynamic
                 languages: It reduces the size of the compiled code
                 while still compiling all parts of an operation that
                 are relevant for a particular program. When a
                 speculation fails, execution transfers back to the
                 interpreter, the program re-specializes in the
                 interpreter, and later partial evaluation again
                 transforms the new state of the interpreter to compiled
                 code. We evaluate our approach by comparing our
                 implementations of JavaScript, Ruby, and R with
                 best-in-class specialized production implementations.
                 Our general-purpose compilation system is competitive
                 with production systems even when they have been
                 heavily optimized for the one language they support.
                 For our set of benchmarks, our speedup relative to the
                 V8 JavaScript VM is 0.83x, relative to JRuby is 3.8x,
                 and relative to GNU R is 5x.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PLDI '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Xu:2017:BBD,
  author =       "Quanqing Xu and Chao Jin and Mohamed Faruq Bin Mohamed
                 Rasid and Bharadwaj Veeravalli and Khin Mi Mi Aung",
  title =        "Blockchain-based decentralized content trust for
                 {Docker} images",
  journal =      j-MULTIMEDIA-TOOLS-APPLIC,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "MTAPFB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5224-6",
  ISSN =         "1380-7501 (print), 1573-7721 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1380-7501",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 24 09:11:52 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-017-5224-6",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Multimedia Tools and Applications",
  journal-URL =  "https://link.springer.com/journal/11042",
}

@Article{Xu:2017:EIR,
  author =       "Jiwei Xu and Tao Wang and Xiaozhao Xing and Wenbo
                 Zhang and Hua Zhong",
  title =        "Efficient image restoration of virtual machines with
                 reference count based rewriting and caching",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "87--96",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 23 09:33:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17301218",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Xu:2017:HAE,
  author =       "Xin Xu and Bhavesh Davda",
  title =        "A Hypervisor Approach to Enable Live Migration with
                 Passthrough {SR-IOV} Network Devices",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--23",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139645.3139649",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 10:37:05 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Single-Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) is a
                 specification that allows a single PCI Express (PCIe)
                 device (physical function or PF) to be used as multiple
                 PCIe devices (virtual functions or VF). In a
                 virtualization system, each VF can be directly assigned
                 to a virtual machine (VM) in passthrough mode to
                 significantly improve the network performance. However,
                 VF passthrough mode is not compatible with live
                 migration, which is an essential capability that
                 enables many advanced virtualization features such as
                 high availability and resource provisioning. To solve
                 this problem, we design SRVM which provides hypervisor
                 support to ensure the VF device can be correctly used
                 by the migrated VM and the applications. SRVM is
                 implemented in the hypervisor without modification in
                 guest operating systems or guest VM drivers. SRVM does
                 not increase VM downtime. It only costs limited
                 resources (an extra CPU core only during the live
                 migration pre-copy phase), and there is no significant
                 runtime overhead in VM network performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Xu:2017:OCV,
  author =       "Cong Xu and Jiahai Yang and Kevin Yin and Hui Yu",
  title =        "Optimal construction of virtual networks for
                 {Cloud}-based {MapReduce} workflows",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "112",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "194--207",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 10 12:06:17 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138912861630367X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Xu:2017:SLB,
  author =       "Minxian Xu and Wenhong Tian and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "A survey on load balancing algorithms for virtual
                 machines placement in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4123",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 08:22:37 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Yan:2017:CAE,
  author =       "Fangfang Yan and Tony T. Lee and Weisheng Hu",
  title =        "Congestion-Aware Embedding of Heterogeneous Bandwidth
                 Virtual Data Centers With Hose Model Abstraction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "806--819",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2016.2606480",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 5 18:46:21 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Predictable network performance is critical for cloud
                 applications and can be achieved by providing tenants a
                 dedicated virtual data center VDC with bandwidth
                 guarantee. Recently, the extended Hose model was
                 applied to the VDC abstraction to characterize the
                 tradeoff between cost and network performance. The
                 acceptability determination problem of a VDC with
                 heterogeneous bandwidth demand was proved to be
                 NP-complete, even in the simple tree topology. In this
                 paper, we investigate the embedding problem for
                 heterogeneous bandwidth VDC in substrate networks of
                 general topology. The embedding problem involves two
                 coupled sub-problems: virtual machine VM placement and
                 multipath route assignment. First, we formulate the
                 route assignment problem with linear programming to
                 minimize the maximum link utilization, and provide $K$
                 -widest path load-balanced routing with controllable
                 splitting paths. Next, we propose a polynomial-time
                 heuristic algorithm, referred to as the perturbation
                 algorithm, for the VM placement. The perturbation
                 algorithm is congestion-aware as it detects the
                 bandwidth bottlenecks in the placement process and then
                 selectively relocates some assigned VMs to eliminate
                 congestion. Simulation results show that our algorithm
                 performs better in comparison with the existing
                 well-known algorithms: first-fit, next-fit, and greedy,
                 and very close to the exponential-time complexity
                 backtracking algorithm in typical data center network
                 architectures. For the tree substrate network, the
                 perturbation algorithm performs better than the
                 allocation-range algorithm. For the homogeneous
                 bandwidth VDC requests, the perturbation algorithm
                 produces a higher success rate than the recently
                 proposed HVC-ACE algorithm. Therefore, it provides a
                 compromised solution between time complexity and
                 network performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Yan:2017:HTC,
  author =       "Zi Yan and J{\'a}n Vesel{\'y} and Guilherme Cox and
                 Abhishek Bhattacharjee",
  title =        "Hardware Translation Coherence for Virtualized
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "430--443",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140659.3080211",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (print), 1943-5851 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 15 11:09:14 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To improve system performance, operating systems
                 (OSes) often undertake activities that require
                 modification of virtual-to-physical address
                 translations. For example, the OS may migrate data
                 between physical pages to manage heterogeneous memory
                 devices. We refer to such activities as page
                 remappings. Unfortunately, page remappings are
                 expensive. We show that a big part of this cost arises
                 from address translation coherence, particularly on
                 systems employing virtualization. In response, we
                 propose hardware translation invalidation and coherence
                 or HATRIC, a readily implementable hardware mechanism
                 to piggyback translation coherence atop existing cache
                 coherence protocols. We perform detailed studies using
                 KVM-based virtualization, showing that HATRIC achieves
                 up to 30\% performance and 10\% energy benefits, for
                 per-CPU area overheads of 0.2\%. We also quantify
                 HATRIC's benefits on systems running Xen and find up to
                 33\% performance improvements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J89",
}

@Article{Yang:2017:EEV,
  author =       "Ting Yang and Haibo Pen and Wei Li and Albert Y.
                 Zomaya",
  title =        "An energy-efficient virtual machine placement and
                 route scheduling scheme in data center networks",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--11",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 23 09:33:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17310579",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Yang:2017:EJV,
  author =       "Byung-Sun Yang and Jae-Yun Kim and Soo-Mook Moon",
  title =        "Exceptionization: a {Java} {VM} Optimization for
                 Non-{Java} Languages",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3046681",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 24 18:00:58 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Java virtual machine (JVM) has recently evolved into a
                 general-purpose language runtime environment to execute
                 popular programming languages such as JavaScript, Ruby,
                 Python, and Scala. These languages have complex
                 non-Java features, including dynamic typing and
                 first-class function, so additional language runtimes
                 (engines) are provided on top of the JVM to support
                 them with bytecode extensions. Although there are
                 high-performance JVMs with powerful just-in-time (JIT)
                 compilers, running these languages efficiently on the
                 JVM is still a challenge. This article introduces a
                 simple and novel technique for the JVM JIT compiler
                 called exceptionization to improve the performance of
                 JVM-based language runtimes. We observed that the JVM
                 executing some non-Java languages encounters at least 2
                 times more branch bytecodes than Java, most of which
                 are highly biased to take only one target.
                 Exceptionization treats such a highly biased branch as
                 some implicit exception-throwing instruction. This
                 allows the JVM JIT compiler to prune the infrequent
                 target of the branch from the frequent control flow,
                 thus compiling the frequent control flow more
                 aggressively with better optimization. If a pruned path
                 were taken, then it would run like a Java exception
                 handler, that is, a catch block. We also devised
                 de-exceptionization, a mechanism to cope with the case
                 when a pruned path is executed more often than
                 expected. Since exceptionization is a generic JVM
                 optimization, independent of any specific language
                 runtime, it would be generally applicable to other
                 language runtimes on the JVM. Our experimental result
                 shows that exceptionization accelerates the performance
                 of several non-Java languages. For example,
                 JavaScript-on-JVM runs faster by as much as 60\% and by
                 6\% on average, when experimented with the Octane
                 benchmark suite on Oracle's latest Nashorn JavaScript
                 engine and HotSpot 1.9 JVM. Furthermore, the
                 performance of Ruby-on-JVM shows an improvement by as
                 much as 60\% and by 6\% on average, while Python-on-JVM
                 improves by as much as 6\% and by 2\% on average. We
                 found that exceptionization is more effective to apply
                 to the branch bytecode of the language runtime itself
                 than the bytecode corresponding to the application code
                 or the bytecode of the Java class libraries. This
                 implies that the performance benefit of
                 exceptionization comes from better JIT compilation of
                 the language runtime of non-Java languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J924",
}

@Article{Yang:2017:RVM,
  author =       "Song Yang and Philipp Wieder and Ramin Yahyapour and
                 Stojan Trajanovski and Xiaoming Fu",
  title =        "Reliable Virtual Machine Placement and Routing in
                 Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2965--2978",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2693273",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 12 06:58:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/10/07896612-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Yang:2017:VMM,
  author =       "Chao-Tung Yang and Jung-Chun Liu and Shuo-Tsung Chen
                 and Kuan-Lung Huang",
  title =        "Virtual machine management system based on the power
                 saving algorithm in cloud",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "165--180",
  day =          "15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 31 07:48:44 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804516302971",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Yeh:2017:PFG,
  author =       "Tsung Tai Yeh and Amit Sabne and Putt Sakdhnagool and
                 Rudolf Eigenmann and Timothy G. Rogers",
  title =        "{Pagoda}: Fine-Grained {GPU} Resource Virtualization
                 for Narrow Tasks",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "221--234",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3155284.3018754",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 1 18:56:12 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/multithreading.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Massively multithreaded GPUs achieve high throughput
                 by running thousands of threads in parallel. To fully
                 utilize the hardware, workloads spawn work to the GPU
                 in bulk by launching large tasks, where each task is a
                 kernel that contains thousands of threads that occupy
                 the entire GPU. GPUs face severe underutilization and
                 their performance benefits vanish if the tasks are
                 narrow, i.e., they contain {$<$} 500 threads.
                 Latency-sensitive applications in network, signal, and
                 image processing that generate a large number of tasks
                 with relatively small inputs are examples of such
                 limited parallelism. This paper presents Pagoda, a
                 runtime system that virtualizes GPU resources, using an
                 OS-like daemon kernel called MasterKernel. Tasks are
                 spawned from the CPU onto Pagoda as they become
                 available, and are scheduled by the MasterKernel at the
                 warp granularity. Experimental results demonstrate that
                 Pagoda achieves a geometric mean speedup of 5.70x over
                 PThreads running on a 20-core CPU, 1.51x over
                 CUDA-HyperQ, and 1.69x over GeMTC, the state-of-
                 the-art runtime GPU task scheduling system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PPoPP '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Yi:2017:CDC,
  author =       "Xiaomeng Yi and Fangming Liu and Di Niu and Hai Jin
                 and John C. S. Lui",
  title =        "{Cocoa}: Dynamic Container-Based Group Buying
                 Strategies for Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-TOMPECS,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8:1--8:31",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3022876",
  ISSN =         "2376-3639 (print), 2376-3647 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2376-3639",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 15 12:19:56 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tompecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3022876",
  abstract =     "Although the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud
                 offers diverse instance types to users, a significant
                 portion of cloud users, especially those with small and
                 short demands, cannot find an instance type that
                 exactly fits their needs or fully utilize purchased
                 instance-hours. In the meantime, cloud service
                 providers are also faced with the challenge to
                 consolidate small, short jobs, which exhibit strong
                 dynamics, to effectively improve resource utilization.
                 To handle such inefficiencies and improve cloud
                 resource utilization, we propose Cocoa (COmputing in
                 COntAiners), a novel group buying mechanism that
                 organizes jobs with complementary resource demands into
                 groups and allocates them to group buying deals
                 predefined by cloud providers. Each group buying deal
                 offers a resource pool for all the jobs in the deal,
                 which can be implemented as either a virtual machine or
                 a physical server. By running each user job on a
                 virtualized container, our mechanism allows flexible
                 resource sharing among different users in the same
                 group buying deal, while improving resource utilization
                 for cloud providers. To organize jobs with varied
                 resource demands and durations into groups, we model
                 the initial static group organization as a
                 variable-sized vector bin packing problem, and the
                 subsequent dynamic group organization problem as an
                 online multidimensional knapsack problem. Through
                 extensive simulations driven by a large amount of real
                 usage traces from a Google cluster, we evaluate the
                 potential cost reduction achieved by Cocoa. We show
                 that through the effective combination and interaction
                 of the proposed static and dynamic group organization
                 strategies, Cocoa greatly outperforms the existing
                 cloud workload consolidation mechanism, substantiating
                 the feasibility of group buying in cloud computing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance
                 Evaluation of Computing Systems (TOMPECS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://dl.acm.org/pub.cfm?id=J1525",
}

@Article{Youssef:2017:WGE,
  author =       "Ahmed Youssef and Muthucumaru Maheswaran and Lamis
                 Youssef",
  title =        "Wireless {GINI}: an educational platform for hosting
                 virtual wireless networks",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21--59",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2399",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 18 10:00:11 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Yut:2017:LRL,
  author =       "Lele Yut and Ce Zhang and Yingxia Shao and Bin Cui",
  title =        "{LDA*}: a robust and large-scale topic modeling
                 system",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1406--1417",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 5 16:07:00 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "We present LDA*, a system that has been deployed in
                 one of the largest Internet companies to fulfil their
                 requirements of ``topic modeling as an internal
                 service'' --- relying on thousands of machines,
                 engineers in different sectors submit their data, some
                 are as large as 1.8TB, to LDA* and get results back in
                 hours. LDA* is motivated by the observation that none
                 of the existing topic modeling systems is robust enough
                 --- Each of these existing systems is designed for a
                 specific point in the tradeoff space that can be
                 sub-optimal, sometimes by up to $ 10 \times $, across
                 workloads. Our first contribution is a systematic study
                 of all recently proposed samplers: AliasLDA, F+LDA,
                 LightLDA, and WarpLDA. We discovered a novel system
                 tradeoff among these samplers. Each sampler has
                 different sampling complexity and performs differently,
                 sometimes by $ 5 \times $, on documents with different
                 lengths. Based on this tradeoff, we further developed a
                 hybrid sampler that uses different samplers for
                 different types of documents. This hybrid approach
                 works across a wide range of workloads and outperforms
                 the fastest sampler by up to $ 2 \times $. We then
                 focused on distributed environments in which thousands
                 of workers, each with different performance (due to
                 virtualization and resource sharing), coordinate to
                 train a topic model. Our second contribution is an
                 asymmetric parameter server architecture that pushes
                 some computation to the parameter server side. This
                 architecture is motivated by the skew of the word
                 frequency distribution and a novel tradeoff we
                 discovered between communication and computation. With
                 this architecture, we outperform the traditional,
                 symmetric architecture by up to $ 2 \times $. With
                 these two contributions, together with a carefully
                 engineered implementation, our system is able to
                 outperform existing systems by up to $ 10 \times $ and
                 has already been running to provide topic modeling
                 services for more than six months.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1174",
}

@Article{Zeng:2017:NSD,
  author =       "Lingfang Zeng and Yang Wang and Kenneth B. Kent and
                 Ziliang Xiao",
  title =        "{Naplus}: a software distributed shared memory for
                 virtual clusters in the cloud",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1201--1220",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2486",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 4 17:17:42 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
}

@Article{Zeng:2017:RNN,
  author =       "Lingfang Zeng and Yang Wang and Xiaopeng Fan and
                 Chengzhong Xu",
  title =        "{Raccoon}: A Novel Network {I/O} Allocation Framework
                 for Workload-Aware {VM} Scheduling in Virtual
                 Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2651--2662",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2685386",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 17 10:20:52 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/09/07883963-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Zhang:2017:CAV,
  author =       "Weizhan Zhang and Yuxuan Chen and Xiang Gao and
                 Zhichao Mo and Qinghua Zheng and Zongqing Lu",
  title =        "Cluster-Aware Virtual Machine Collaborative Migration
                 in Media Cloud",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2808--2822",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2697381",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 12 06:58:12 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2017/10/07909001-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Zhang:2017:CBV,
  author =       "Jiangtao Zhang and Xuan Wang and Hejiao Huang and Shi
                 Chen",
  title =        "Clustering based virtual machines placement in
                 distributed cloud computing",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--10",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 19 06:08:02 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16302035",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X/",
}

@Article{Zhang:2017:MAP,
  author =       "Jinshi Zhang and Eddie Dong and Jian Li and Haibing
                 Guan",
  title =        "{MigVisor}: Accurate Prediction of {VM} Live Migration
                 Behavior using a Working-Set Pattern Model",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "30--43",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050753",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Live migration of a virtual machine (VM) is a powerful
                 technique with benefits of server maintenance, resource
                 management, dynamic workload re-balance, etc. Modern
                 research has effectively reduced the VM live migration
                 (VMLM) time to dozens of milliseconds, but live
                 migration still exhibits failures if it cannot
                 terminate within the given time constraint. The ability
                 to predict this type of failure can avoid wasting
                 networking and computing resources on the VM migration,
                 and the associated system performance degradation
                 caused by wasting these resources. The cost of VM live
                 migration highly depends on the application workload of
                 the VM, which may undergo frequent changes. At the same
                 time, the available system resources for VM migration
                 can also change substantially and frequently. To
                 account for these issues, we present a solution called
                 MigVisor, which can accurately predict the behaviour of
                 VM migration using working-set model. This can enable
                 system managers to predict the migration cost and
                 enhance the system management efficacy. The
                 experimental results prove the design suitability and
                 show that the MigVisor has a high prediction accuracy
                 since the average relative error between the predicted
                 value and the measured value is only 6.2\%~9\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zhang:2017:MSM,
  author =       "Qi Zhang and Ling Liu and Gong Su and Arun Iyengar",
  title =        "{MemFlex}: A Shared Memory Swapper for High
                 Performance {VM} Execution",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1645--1652",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2686850",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 17 10:06:38 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7885535/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Zhang:2017:NAV,
  author =       "Weizhe Zhang and Shuo Han and Hui He and Huixiang
                 Chen",
  title =        "Network-aware virtual machine migration in an
                 overcommitted cloud",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "428--442",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 28 15:45:46 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1630053X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Zhang:2017:OAI,
  author =       "Xiaoxi Zhang and Zhiyi Huang and Chuan Wu and Zongpeng
                 Li and Francis C. M. Lau",
  title =        "Online Auctions in {IaaS} Clouds: Welfare and Profit
                 Maximization With Server Costs",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "1034--1047",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2016.2619743",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 5 18:46:21 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Auction design has recently been studied for dynamic
                 resource bundling and virtual machine VM provisioning
                 in IaaS clouds, but is mostly restricted to one-shot or
                 offline setting. This paper targets a more realistic
                 case of online VM auction design, where: 1 cloud users
                 bid for resources into the future to assemble
                 customized VMs with desired occupation durations,
                 possibly located in different data centers; 2 the cloud
                 provider dynamically packs multiple types of resources
                 on heterogeneous physical machines servers into the
                 requested VMs; 3 the operational costs of servers are
                 considered in resource allocation; and 4 both social
                 welfare and the cloud provider's net profit are to be
                 maximized over the system running span. We design
                 truthful, polynomial time auctions to achieve social
                 welfare maximization and/or the provider's profit
                 maximization with good competitive ratios. Our
                 mechanisms consist of two main modules: 1 an online
                 primal-dual optimization framework for VM allocation to
                 maximize the social welfare with server costs, and for
                 revealing the payments through the dual variables to
                 guarantee truthfulness and 2 a randomized reduction
                 algorithm to convert the social welfare maximizing
                 auctions to ones that provide a maximal expected profit
                 for the provider, with competitive ratios comparable to
                 those for social welfare. We adopt a new application of
                 Fenchel duality in our primal-dual framework, which
                 provides richer structures for convex programs than the
                 commonly used Lagrangian duality, and our optimization
                 framework is general and expressive enough to handle
                 various convex server cost functions. The efficacy of
                 the online auctions is validated through careful
                 theoretical analysis and trace-driven simulation
                 studies.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Zhou:2017:NFA,
  author =       "Ao Zhou and Shangguang Wang and Ching-Hsien Hsu and
                 Myung Ho Kim and Kok-seng Wong",
  title =        "Network failure-aware redundant virtual machine
                 placement in a cloud data center",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "24",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4290",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 30 09:11:59 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Zhu:2017:NFV,
  author =       "Xiaoqing Zhu and Harilaos Koumaras and Mea Wang and
                 David Hausheer",
  title =        "Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined
                 Networking: Advancing Multimedia Distribution",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MULTIMEDIA,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16--18",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "IEMUE4",
  ISSN =         "1070-986X (print), 1941-0166 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1070-986X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 15 08:09:13 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemultimedia.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mu/2017/03/mmu2017030016.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/multimedia/",
}

@Article{Zhu:2017:VLV,
  author =       "Min Zhu and Bibo Tu and Wei Wei and Dan Meng",
  title =        "{HA-VMSI}: a Lightweight Virtual Machine Isolation
                 Approach with Commodity Hardware for {ARM}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "242--256",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3140607.3050767",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:17 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Once compromising the hypervisor, remote or local
                 adversaries can easily access other customers'
                 sensitive data in the memory and context of guest
                 virtual machines (VMs). VM isolation is an efficient
                 mechanism for protecting the memory of guest VMs from
                 unauthorized access. However, previous VM isolation
                 systems either modify hardware architecture or
                 introduce a software module without being protected,
                 and most of them focus on the x86 architecture. This
                 paper proposes HA-VMSI, a lightweight hardware-assisted
                 VM isolation approach for ARM, to provide runtime
                 protection of guest VMs, even with a compromised
                 hypervisor. In the ARM TrustZone secure world, a thin
                 security monitor is introduced as HA-VMSI's entire TCB.
                 Hence, the security monitor is much less vulnerable and
                 safe from attacks that can compromise the hypervisor.
                 The key of HA-VMSI is decoupling the functions of
                 memory isolation among VMs from the hypervisor into the
                 security monitor. As a result, the hypervisor can only
                 update the Stage-2 page tables of VMs via the security
                 monitor, which inspects and approves each new mapping.
                 It is worth noting that HA-VMSI is more secure and
                 effective than current software approaches, and more
                 flexible and compatible than hardware approaches. We
                 have implemented a prototype for KVM hypervisor with
                 multiple Linux as guest OSes on Juno board. The
                 security assessment and performance evaluation show
                 that HA-VMSI is effective, efficient and practical.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '17 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zinner:2017:DTM,
  author =       "Thomas Zinner and Stefan Geissler and Stanislav Lange
                 and Steffen Gebert and Michael Seufert and Phuoc
                 Tran-Gia",
  title =        "A discrete-time model for optimizing the processing
                 time of virtualized network functions",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "125",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "4--14",
  day =          "9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 21 06:52:31 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128617301809",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{A:2018:AML,
  author =       "Ajay Kumara M. A. and Jaidhar C. D.",
  title =        "Automated multi-level malware detection system based
                 on reconstructed semantic view of executables using
                 machine learning techniques at {VMM}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "79 (part 1)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "431--446",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.06.002",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 15:16:17 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17311809",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  keywords =     "Cyber Physical system; Feature selection technique;
                 Hypervisor; Machine learning; Memory forensic analysis;
                 N-gram feature extraction; Virtual machine
                 introspection",
}

@Article{Abadi:2018:SCT,
  author =       "Reza Mohamadi Bahram Abadi and Amir Masoud Rahmani and
                 Sasan H. Alizadeh",
  title =        "Server consolidation techniques in virtualized data
                 centers of cloud environments: a systematic literature
                 review",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1688--1726",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2582",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 6 16:49:42 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "17 April 2018",
}

@Article{Abbasi:2018:VMA,
  author =       "Aaqif Afzaal Abbasi and Hai Jin",
  title =        "{v-Mapper}: An Application-Aware Resource
                 Consolidation Scheme for Cloud Data Centers",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "90",
  day =          "15",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi10090090",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:02 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/10/9/90",
  abstract =     "Cloud computing systems are popular in computing
                 industry for their ease of use and wide range of
                 applications. These systems offer services that can be
                 used over the Internet. Due to their wide popularity
                 and usage, cloud computing systems and their services
                 often face issues resource management related
                 challenges. In this paper, we present v-Mapper, a
                 resource consolidation scheme which implements network
                 resource management concepts through software-defined
                 networking (SDN) control features. The paper makes
                 three major contributions: (1) We propose a virtual
                 machine (VM) placement scheme that can effectively
                 mitigate the VM placement issues for data-intensive
                 applications; (2) We propose a validation scheme that
                 will ensure that a cloud service is entertained only if
                 there are sufficient resources available for its
                 execution and (3) We present a scheduling policy that
                 aims to eliminate network load constraints. We tested
                 our scheme with other techniques in terms of average
                 task processing time, service delay and bandwidth
                 usage. Our results demonstrate that v-Mapper
                 outperforms other techniques and delivers significant
                 improvement in system's performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Software Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV).",
}

@Article{Ahmadian:2018:ECH,
  author =       "Saba Ahmadian and Onur Mutlu and Hossein Asadi",
  title =        "{ECI-Cache}: a High-Endurance and Cost-Efficient {I/O}
                 Caching Scheme for Virtualized Platforms",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--73",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3292040.3219646",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 18 06:03:57 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In recent years, high interest in using Virtual
                 Machines (VMs) in data centers and cloud computing has
                 significantly increased the demand for high-performance
                 data storage systems. A straightforward approach to
                 providing a high-performance storage system is using
                 Solid-State Drives (SSDs). Inclusion of SSDs in storage
                 systems, however, imposes significantly higher cost
                 compared to Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). Recent studies
                 suggest using SSDs as a caching layer for HDD-based
                 storage subsystems in virtualized platforms. Such
                 studies neglect to address the endurance and cost of
                 SSDs, which can significantly affect the efficiency of
                 I/O caching. Moreover, previous studies only configure
                 the cache size to provide the required performance
                 level for each VM, while neglecting other important
                 parameters such as cache write policy and request type,
                 which can adversely affect both performance-per-cost
                 and endurance. In this paper, we propose a new
                 high-Endurance and Cost-efficient I/O caching
                 (ECI-Cache) scheme for virtualized platforms in
                 large-scale data centers, which improves both
                 performance-per-cost and endurance of the SSD cache.
                 ECI-Cache dynamically assigns (1) an efficient cache
                 size for each VM, to maximize the overall performance
                 of the running VMs and (2) an effective write policy
                 for each VM, to enhance the endurance and
                 performance-per-cost of the storage subsystem.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Alam:2018:DIY,
  author =       "Hanna Alam and Tianhao Zhang and Mattan Erez and Yoav
                 Etsion",
  title =        "Do-It-Yourself Virtual Memory Translation",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--12",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3273982.3273984",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 11:56:03 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this paper, we introduce the Do-It-Yourself virtual
                 memory translation (DVMT) architecture as a flexible
                 complement for current hardware-fixed translation
                 flows. DVMT decouples the virtual-to-physical mapping
                 process from the access permissions, giving
                 applications freedom in choosing mapping schemes, while
                 maintaining security within the operating system.
                 Furthermore, DVMT is designed to support virtualized
                 environments, as a means to collapse the costly,
                 hardware-assisted two-dimensional translations. We
                 describe the architecture in detail and demonstrate its
                 effectiveness by evaluating several different DVMT
                 schemes on a range of virtualized applications with a
                 model based on measurements from a commercial system.
                 We show that different DVMT configurations preserve the
                 native performance, while achieving speedups of 1.2x to
                 2.0x in virtualized environments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Alshathri:2018:SLM,
  author =       "Samah Alshathri and Bogdan Ghita and Nathan Clarke",
  title =        "Sharing with Live Migration Energy Optimization
                 Scheduler for Cloud Computing Data Centers",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "86",
  day =          "06",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi10090086",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:02 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/10/9/86",
  abstract =     "The cloud-computing concept has emerged as a powerful
                 mechanism for data storage by providing a suitable
                 platform for data centers. Recent studies show that the
                 energy consumption of cloud computing systems is a key
                 issue. Therefore, we should reduce the energy
                 consumption to satisfy performance requirements,
                 minimize power consumption, and maximize resource
                 utilization. This paper introduces a novel algorithm
                 that could allocate resources in a cloud-computing
                 environment based on an energy optimization method
                 called Sharing with Live Migration (SLM). In this
                 scheduler, we used the Cloud-Sim toolkit to manage the
                 usage of virtual machines (VMs) based on a novel
                 algorithm that learns and predicts the similarity
                 between the tasks, and then allocates each of them to a
                 suitable VM. On the other hand, SLM satisfies the
                 Quality of Services (QoS) constraints of the hosted
                 applications by adopting a migration process. The
                 experimental results show that the algorithm exhibits
                 better performance, while saving power and minimizing
                 the processing time. Therefore, the SLM algorithm
                 demonstrates improved virtual machine efficiency and
                 resource utilization compared to an adapted
                 state-of-the-art algorithm for a similar problem.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Alves:2018:VST,
  author =       "Thiago Alves and Rishabh Das and Aaron Werth and
                 Thomas Morris",
  title =        "Virtualization of {SCADA} testbeds for cybersecurity
                 research: a modular approach",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "531--546",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 23 09:46:55 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404818304905",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Anglano:2018:PFT,
  author =       "Cosimo Anglano and Massimo Canonico and Marco
                 Guazzone",
  title =        "{Prometheus}: a flexible toolkit for the
                 experimentation with virtualized infrastructures",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4400",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 4 10:03:14 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpe.4400",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Anwar:2018:ESS,
  author =       "Nazia Anwar and Huifang Deng",
  title =        "Elastic Scheduling of Scientific Workflows under
                 Deadline Constraints in Cloud Computing Environments",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5",
  day =          "07",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi10010005",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:50:58 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/10/1/5",
  abstract =     "Scientific workflow applications are collections of
                 several structured activities and fine-grained
                 computational tasks. Scientific workflow scheduling in
                 cloud computing is a challenging research topic due to
                 its distinctive features. In cloud environments, it has
                 become critical to perform efficient task scheduling
                 resulting in reduced scheduling overhead, minimized
                 cost and maximized resource utilization while still
                 meeting the user-specified overall deadline. This paper
                 proposes a strategy, Dynamic Scheduling of Bag of Tasks
                 based workflows (DSB), for scheduling scientific
                 workflows with the aim to minimize financial cost of
                 leasing Virtual Machines (VMs) under a user-defined
                 deadline constraint. The proposed model groups the
                 workflow into Bag of Tasks (BoTs) based on data
                 dependency and priority constraints and thereafter
                 optimizes the allocation and scheduling of BoTs on
                 elastic, heterogeneous and dynamically provisioned
                 cloud resources called VMs in order to attain the
                 proposed method's objectives. The proposed approach
                 considers pay-as-you-go Infrastructure as a Service
                 (IaaS) clouds having inherent features such as
                 elasticity, abundance, heterogeneity and VM
                 provisioning delays. A trace-based simulation using
                 benchmark scientific workflows representing real world
                 applications, demonstrates a significant reduction in
                 workflow computation cost while the workflow deadline
                 is met. The results validate that the proposed model
                 produces better success rates to meet deadlines and
                 cost efficiencies in comparison to adapted
                 state-of-the-art algorithms for similar problems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Arroba:2018:HMD,
  author =       "Patricia Arroba and Jos{\'e} L. Risco-Mart{\'\i}n and
                 Jos{\'e} M. Moya and Jos{\'e} L. Ayala",
  title =        "Heuristics and metaheuristics for dynamic management
                 of computing and cooling energy in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1775--1804",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2603",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 6 16:49:42 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "26 June 2018",
  remark =       "Special issue on metaheuristics in cloud computing.",
}

@Article{Aryania:2018:EAV,
  author =       "Azra Aryania and Hadi S. Aghdasi and Leyli Mohammad
                 Khanli",
  title =        "Energy-Aware Virtual Machine Consolidation Algorithm
                 Based on Ant Colony System",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "477--491",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-018-9428-4",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 26 10:02:59 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/16/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-018-9428-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Ashraf:2018:MOD,
  author =       "Adnan Ashraf and Ivan Porres",
  title =        "Multi-objective dynamic virtual machine consolidation
                 in the cloud using ant colony system",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PAR-EMER-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "103--120",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2017.1278601",
  ISSN =         "1744-5760 (print), 1744-5779 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1744-5760",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 17 10:23:32 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparemerdistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/gpaa20/33/1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and
                 Distributed Systems: IJPEDS",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gpaa20",
  onlinedate =   "05 May 2017",
}

@Article{Asyabi:2018:PHC,
  author =       "Esmail Asyabi and Mohsen Sharifi and Azer Bestavros",
  title =        "{ppXen}: A hypervisor {CPU} scheduler for mitigating
                 performance variability in virtualized clouds",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "83",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "75--84",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 15 17:42:39 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17310555",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Asyabi:2018:TMT,
  author =       "Esmail Asyabi and SeyedAlireza SanaeeKohroudi and
                 Mohsen Sharifi and Azer Bestavros",
  title =        "{TerrierTail}: Mitigating Tail Latency of Cloud
                 Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2346--2359",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2827075",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 11 14:41:40 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2018/10/08338088-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Auernhammer:2018:XEI,
  author =       "F. Auernhammer and R. L. Arndt",
  title =        "{XIVE}: External interrupt virtualization for the
                 cloud infrastructure",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "4--5",
  pages =        "5:1--5:10",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 13 11:17:13 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmjrd.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8383690/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
}

@Article{Batalla:2018:VVP,
  author =       "Jordi Mongay Batalla and Konrad Sienkiewicz and
                 Waldemar Latoszek and Piotr Krawiec and Constandinos X.
                 Mavromoustakis and George Mastorakis",
  title =        "Validation of virtualization platforms for {I-IoT}
                 purposes",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "4227--4241",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1844-2",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:14 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/9;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-016-1844-2.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Botacin:2018:WWW,
  author =       "Marcus Botacin and Paulo L{\'\i}cio {De Geus} and
                 Andr{\'e} Gr{\'e}gio",
  title =        "Who Watches the Watchmen: a Security-focused Review on
                 Current State-of-the-art Techniques, Tools, and Methods
                 for Systems and Binary Analysis on Modern Platforms",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69:1--69:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3199673",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:35 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Malicious software, a threat users face on a daily
                 basis, have evolved from simple bankers based on social
                 engineering to advanced persistent threats. Recent
                 research and discoveries reveal that malware developers
                 have been using a wide range of anti-analysis and
                 evasion techniques, in-memory attacks, and system
                 subversion, including BIOS and hypervisors. In
                 addition, code-reuse attacks like Returned Oriented
                 Programming emerge as highly potential remote code
                 execution threats. To counteract the broadness of
                 malicious codes, distinct techniques and tools have
                 been proposed, such as transparent malware tracers,
                 system-wide debuggers, live forensics tools, and
                 isolated execution rings. In this work, we present a
                 survey on state-of-the-art techniques that detect,
                 mitigate, and analyze the aforementioned attacks. We
                 show approaches based on Hardware Virtual Machines
                 introspection, System Management Mode instrumentation,
                 Hardware Performance Counters, isolated rings (e.g.,
                 Software Guard eXtensions), as well as others based on
                 external hardware. We also discuss upcoming threats
                 based on the very same technologies used for defense.
                 Our main goal is to provide the reader with a broader,
                 more comprehensive understanding of recently surfaced
                 tools and techniques aiming at binary analysis for
                 modern platforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "69",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Brogi:2018:MBA,
  author =       "Antonio Brogi and Davide Neri and Jacopo Soldani",
  title =        "A microservice-based architecture for (customisable)
                 analyses of {Docker} images",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1461--1474",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2583",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 4 10:20:33 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spe.2583",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "17 April 2018",
}

@Article{Brogi:2018:TSB,
  author =       "Antonio Brogi and Luca Rinaldi and Jacopo Soldani",
  title =        "{TosKer}: a synergy between {TOSCA} and {Docker} for
                 orchestrating multicomponent applications",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2061--2079",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2625",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 6 16:49:42 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "09 August 2018",
}

@Article{Bruno:2018:DVM,
  author =       "Rodrigo Bruno and Paulo Ferreira and Ruslan Synytsky
                 and Tetiana Fydorenchyk and Jia Rao and Hang Huang and
                 Song Wu",
  title =        "Dynamic vertical memory scalability for {OpenJDK}
                 cloud applications",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "59--70",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3299706.3210567",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:58 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "The cloud is an increasingly popular platform to
                 deploy applications as it lets cloud users to provide
                 resources to their applications as needed. Furthermore,
                 cloud providers are now starting to offer a
                 ``pay-as-you-use'' model in which users are only
                 charged for the resources that are really used instead
                 of paying for a statically sized instance. This new
                 model allows cloud users to save money, and cloud
                 providers to better utilize their hardware. However,
                 applications running on top of runtime environments
                 such as the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) cannot benefit
                 from this new model because they cannot dynamically
                 adapt the amount of used resources at runtime. In
                 particular, if an application needs more memory than
                 what was initially predicted at launch time, the JVM
                 will not allow the application to grow its memory
                 beyond the maximum value defined at launch time. In
                 addition, the JVM will hold memory that is no longer
                 being used by the application. This lack of dynamic
                 vertical scalability completely prevents the benefits
                 of the ``pay-as-you-use'' model, and forces users to
                 over-provision resources, and to lose money on unused
                 resources. We propose a new JVM heap sizing strategy
                 that allows the JVM to dynamically scale its memory
                 utilization according to the application's needs.
                 First, we provide a configurable limit on how much the
                 application can grow its memory. This limit is dynamic
                 and can be changed at runtime, as opposed to the
                 current static limit that can only be set at launch
                 time. Second, we adapt current Garbage Collection
                 policies that control how much the heap can grow and
                 shrink to better fit what is currently being used by
                 the application. The proposed solution is implemented
                 in the OpenJDK 9 HotSpot JVM, the new release of
                 OpenJDK. Changes were also introduced inside the
                 Parallel Scavenge collector and the Garbage First
                 collector (the new by-default collector in HotSpot).
                 Evaluation experiments using real workloads and data
                 show that, with negligible throughput and memory
                 overhead, dynamic vertical memory scalability can be
                 achieved. This allows users to save significant amounts
                 of money by not paying for unused resources, and cloud
                 providers to better utilize their physical machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ISMM '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Castello:2018:EIR,
  author =       "Adri{\'a}n Castell{\'o} and Antonio J. Pe{\~n}a and
                 Rafael Mayo and Judit Planas and Enrique S.
                 Quintana-Ort{\'{\i}} and Pavan Balaji",
  title =        "Exploring the interoperability of remote {GPGPU}
                 virtualization using {rCUDA} and directive-based
                 programming models",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "5628--5642",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1791-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@InCollection{Chen:2018:UVB,
  author =       "Chen Chen and Zhuyun Qi and Yirui Liu and Kai Lei",
  booktitle =    "{Smart Computing and Communication}",
  title =        "Using Virtualization for Blockchain Testing",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "289--299",
  year =         "2018",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73830-7_29",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 24 09:11:52 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       ser-LNCS,
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-73830-7_29",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Condoluci:2018:SVM,
  author =       "Massimo Condoluci and Toktam Mahmoodi",
  title =        "Softwarization and virtualization in {5G} mobile
                 networks: {Benefits}, trends and challenges",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "146",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "65--84",
  day =          "9",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.09.005",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 16:29:24 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618302500",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Cui:2018:SPA,
  author =       "Lei Cui and Zhiyu Hao and Lun Li and Xiaochun Yun",
  title =        "{SnapFiner}: A Page-Aware Snapshot System for Virtual
                 Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2613--2626",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2831202",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 11 14:38:26 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2018/11/08352722-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Dall:2018:AVP,
  author =       "Christoffer Dall and Shih-Wei Li and Jin Tack Lim and
                 Jason Nieh",
  title =        "{ARM} Virtualization: Performance and Architectural
                 Implications",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--56",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3273982.3273987",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 11:56:03 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "ARM servers are becoming increasingly common, making
                 server technologies such as virtualization for ARM of
                 growing importance. We present the first study of ARM
                 virtualization performance on server hardware,
                 including multi-core measurements of two popular ARM
                 and x86 hypervisors, KVM and Xen. We show how ARM
                 hardware support for virtualization can enable much
                 faster transitions between VMs and the hypervisor, a
                 key hypervisor operation. However, current hypervisor
                 designs, including both Type 1 hypervisors such as Xen
                 and Type 2 hypervisors such as KVM, are not able to
                 leverage this performance benefit for real application
                 workloads on ARMv8.0. We discuss the reasons why and
                 show that other factors related to hypervisor software
                 design and implementation have a larger role in overall
                 performance. Based on our measurements, we discuss
                 software changes and new hardware features, the
                 Virtualization Host Extensions (VHE), added in ARMv8.1
                 that bridge the gap and bring ARM's faster
                 VM-to-hypervisor transition mechanism to modern Type 2
                 hypervisors running real applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Debski:2018:SRA,
  author =       "A. Debski and B. Szczepanik and M. Malawski and S.
                 Spahr and D. Muthig",
  title =        "A Scalable, Reactive Architecture for Cloud
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--71",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2017.265095722",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 1937-4194 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 2 09:25:48 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
  keywords =     "Akka; blogs; cloud applications; Cloud computing;
                 cloud computing; cloud environment; Command Query
                 Responsibility Segregation; command query
                 responsibility segregation; Computer architecture;
                 CQRS; design patterns; domain-driven design; ES; event
                 sourcing; Event Sourcing; flight scheduling; Load
                 modeling; open-source project; pattern horizontal
                 scalability; performance evaluation; prototype
                 interactive flight-scheduling application; query
                 processing; Query processing; reactive; Reactive
                 Manifesto; Reactive Manifesto guidelines; reference
                 implementation; Scalability; scalability; scalable
                 applications; software architecture; software
                 development; software engineering; tutorials; virtual
                 machines; Web sites",
}

@Article{Denz:2018:SMB,
  author =       "Robert Denz and Scott Brookes and Martin Osterloh and
                 Stephen Kuhn and Stephen Taylor",
  title =        "Symmetric multiprocessing from boot to
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "681--718",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2505",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 4 10:20:31 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spe.2505",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "07 June 2017",
}

@Article{Dezhabad:2018:LBD,
  author =       "Naghmeh Dezhabad and Saeed Sharifian",
  title =        "Learning-based dynamic scalable load-balanced firewall
                 as a service in network function-virtualized cloud
                 computing environments",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "3329--3358",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2387-5",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:13 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Enes:2018:BDO,
  author =       "Jonatan Enes and Javier L{\'o}pez Cacheiro and Roberto
                 R. Exp{\'o}sito and Juan Touri{\~n}o",
  title =        "Big Data-Oriented {PaaS} Architecture with
                 Disk-as-a-Resource Capability and Container-Based
                 Virtualization",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "587--605",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-018-9460-4",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 11 06:43:45 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/16/4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-018-9460-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Filelis-Papadopoulos:2018:FSL,
  author =       "Christos K. Filelis-Papadopoulos and George A.
                 Gravvanis and Panagiotis E. Kyziropoulos",
  title =        "A framework for simulating large scale cloud
                 infrastructures",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "79 (part 2)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "703--714",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.06.017",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 15:16:17 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17303230",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  keywords =     "Cloud node; Cloud simulation; Hyper-scale data
                 centers; Power consumption; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Filho:2018:AOV,
  author =       "Manoel C. Silva Filho and Claudio C. Monteiro and
                 Pedro R. M. In{\'a}cio and M{\'a}rio M. Freire",
  title =        "Approaches for optimizing virtual machine placement
                 and migration in cloud environments: a survey",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "111",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "222--250",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 15:08:48 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074373151730240X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Fokaefs:2018:DBE,
  author =       "Marios Fokaefs and Cornel Barna and Marin Litoiu",
  title =        "From {DevOps} to {BizOps}: Economic Sustainability for
                 Scalable Cloud Applications",
  journal =      j-TAAS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25:1--25:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139290",
  ISSN =         "1556-4665 (print), 1556-4703 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-4665",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 23 05:40:59 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Virtualization of resources in cloud computing has
                 enabled developers to commission and recommission
                 resources at will and on demand. This virtualization is
                 a coin with two sides. On one hand, the flexibility in
                 managing virtual resources has enabled developers to
                 efficiently manage their costs; they can easily remove
                 unnecessary resources or add resources temporarily when
                 the demand increases. On the other hand, the volatility
                 of such environment and the velocity with which changes
                 can occur may have a greater impact on the economic
                 position of a stakeholder and the business balance of
                 the overall ecosystem. In this work, we recognise the
                 business ecosystem of cloud computing as an economy of
                 scale and explore the effect of this fact on decisions
                 concerning scaling the infrastructure of web
                 applications to account for fluctuations in demand. The
                 goal is to reveal and formalize opportunities for
                 economically optimal scaling that takes into account
                 not only the cost of infrastructure but also the
                 revenue from service delivery and eventually the profit
                 of the service provider. The end product is a scaling
                 mechanism that makes decisions based on both
                 performance and economic criteria and takes adaptive
                 actions to optimize both performance and profitability
                 for the system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems
                 (TAAS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1010",
}

@Article{Gad:2018:ZMD,
  author =       "Ramy Gad and Simon Pickartz and Tim S{\"u}{\ss} and
                 Lars Nagel and Stefan Lankes and Antonello Monti and
                 Andr{\'e} Brinkmann",
  title =        "Zeroing memory deallocator to reduce checkpoint sizes
                 in virtualized {HPC} environments",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "6236--6257",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2548-6",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Gilesh:2018:SSV,
  author =       "M. P. Gilesh and Sanjay Satheesh and S. D. Madhu Kumar
                 and Lillykutty Jacob",
  title =        "Selecting suitable virtual machine migrations for
                 optimal provisioning of virtual data centers",
  journal =      j-SIGAPP,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22--32",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3243064.3243066",
  ISSN =         "1559-6915 (print), 1931-0161 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1559-6915",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 23 10:25:04 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigapp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3243064.3243066",
  abstract =     "Maximizing the number of virtual infrastructures
                 spawned out of a data center is a prime concern of
                 cloud service providers to improve their revenue and
                 the customers' quality-of-experience. Optimal placement
                 of topology sensitive virtual data centers \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigapp",
}

@Article{Grimmer:2018:CLI,
  author =       "Matthias Grimmer and Roland Schatz and Chris Seaton
                 and Thomas W{\"u}rthinger and Mikel Luj{\'a}n",
  title =        "Cross-Language Interoperability in a Multi-Language
                 Runtime",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8:1--8:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3201898",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 18 12:01:50 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In large-scale software applications, programmers
                 often combine different programming languages because
                 this allows them to use the most suitable language for
                 a given problem, to gradually migrate existing projects
                 from one language to another, or to reuse existing
                 source code. However, different programming languages
                 have fundamentally different implementations, which are
                 hard to combine. The composition of language
                 implementations often results in complex interfaces
                 between languages, insufficient flexibility, or poor
                 performance. We propose TruffleVM, a virtual machine
                 (VM) that can execute different programming languages
                 and is able to compose them in a seamless way.
                 TruffleVM supports dynamically-typed languages (e.g.,
                 JavaScript and Ruby) as well as statically typed
                 low-level languages (e.g., C). It consists of
                 individual language implementations, which translate
                 source code to an intermediate representation that is
                 executed by a shared VM. TruffleVM composes these
                 different language implementations via generic access.
                 Generic access is a language-agnostic mechanism that
                 language implementations use to access foreign data or
                 call foreign functions. It features language-agnostic
                 messages that the TruffleVM resolves to efficient
                 foreign-language-specific operations at runtime.
                 Generic access supports multiple languages, enables an
                 efficient multi-language development, and ensures high
                 performance. We evaluate generic access with two case
                 studies. The first one explains the transparent
                 composition of JavaScript, Ruby, and C. The second one
                 shows an implementation of the C extensions application
                 programming interface (API) for Ruby. We show that
                 generic access guarantees good runtime performance. It
                 avoids conversion or marshalling of foreign objects at
                 the language boundary and allows the dynamic compiler
                 to perform its optimizations across language
                 boundaries.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "8",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
}

@Article{Guerrero:2018:MOO,
  author =       "Carlos Guerrero and Isaac Lera and Belen Bermejo and
                 Carlos Juiz",
  title =        "Multi-Objective Optimization for Virtual Machine
                 Allocation and Replica Placement in Virtualized
                 {Hadoop}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2568--2581",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2837743",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 11 14:38:26 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2018/11/08360490-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Gunleifsen:2018:TCP,
  author =       "H{\aa}kon Gunleifsen and Vasileios Gkioulos and Thomas
                 Kemmerich",
  title =        "A Tiered Control Plane Model for Service Function
                 Chaining Isolation",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "46",
  day =          "04",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi10060046",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:00 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/10/6/46",
  abstract =     "This article presents an architecture for encryption
                 automation in interconnected Network Function
                 Virtualization (NFV) domains. Current NFV
                 implementations are designed for deployment within
                 trusted domains, where overlay networks with static
                 trusted links are utilized for enabling network
                 security. Nevertheless, within a Service Function Chain
                 (SFC), Virtual Network Function (VNF) flows cannot be
                 isolated and end-to-end encrypted because each VNF
                 requires direct access to the overall SFC data-flow.
                 This restricts both end-users and Service Providers
                 from enabling end-to-end security, and in extended VNF
                 isolation within the SFC data traffic. Encrypting data
                 flows on a per-flow basis results in an extensive
                 amount of secure tunnels, which cannot scale
                 efficiently in manual configurations. Additionally,
                 creating secure data plane tunnels between NFV
                 providers requires secure exchange of key parameters,
                 and the establishment of an east--west control plane
                 protocol. In this article, we present an architecture
                 focusing on these two problems, investigating how
                 overlay networks can be created, isolated, and secured
                 dynamically. Accordingly, we propose an architecture
                 for automated establishment of encrypted tunnels in
                 NFV, which introduces a novel, tiered east--west
                 communication channel between network controllers in a
                 multi-domain environment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Software Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV).",
}

@Article{Gupta:2018:RAV,
  author =       "Madnesh K. Gupta and Tarachand Amgoth",
  title =        "Resource-aware virtual machine placement algorithm for
                 {IaaS} cloud",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "122--140",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2112-9",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 6 08:59:19 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Gupta:2018:SCS,
  author =       "Abhishek Gupta and M. Farhan Habib and Uttam Mandal
                 and Pulak Chowdhury and Massimo Tornatore and Biswanath
                 Mukherjee",
  title =        "On service-chaining strategies using {Virtual Network
                 Functions} in operator networks",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "133",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--16",
  day =          "14",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.01.028",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 21 15:18:20 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618300379",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Hajnal:2018:EVI,
  author =       "Akos Hajnal and Gabor Kecskemeti and Attila Csaba
                 Marosi and Jozsef Kovacs and Peter Kacsuk and Robert
                 Lovas",
  title =        "{ENTICE VM} Image Analysis and Optimised
                 Fragmentation",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "247--263",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-018-9430-x",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 26 10:02:59 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/16/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-018-9430-x",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Halacsy:2018:OEE,
  author =       "Gergely Hal{\'a}csy and Zolt{\'a}n {\'A}d{\'a}m Mann",
  title =        "Optimal energy-efficient placement of virtual machines
                 with divisible sizes",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "138",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "44--50",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2018.06.003",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 14 08:04:51 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020019018301285",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190",
}

@Article{Han:2018:RAM,
  author =       "Jin Han and Wangyu Zang and Li Liu and Songqing Chen
                 and Meng Yu",
  title =        "Risk-aware multi-objective optimized virtual machine
                 placement in the cloud",
  journal =      j-J-COMP-SECUR,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "707--730",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JCSIET",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3233/JCS-171104",
  ISSN =         "0926-227X (print), 1875-8924 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0926-227X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 23 05:47:18 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcompsecur.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://content.iospress.com/journals/journal-of-computer-security",
}

@Article{Haria:2018:DMH,
  author =       "Swapnil Haria and Mark D. Hill and Michael M. Swift",
  title =        "Devirtualizing Memory in Heterogeneous Systems",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "637--650",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3296957.3173194",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Accelerators are increasingly recognized as one of the
                 major drivers of future computational growth. For
                 accelerators, shared virtual memory (VM) promises to
                 simplify programming and provide safe data sharing with
                 CPUs. Unfortunately, the overheads of virtual memory,
                 which are high for general-purpose processors, are even
                 higher for accelerators. Providing accelerators with
                 direct access to physical memory (PM) in contrast,
                 provides high performance but is both unsafe and more
                 difficult to program. We propose Devirtualized Memory
                 (DVM) to combine the protection of VM with direct
                 access to PM. By allocating memory such that physical
                 and virtual addresses are almost always identical
                 (VA==PA), DVM mostly replaces page-level address
                 translation with faster region-level Devirtualized
                 Access Validation (DAV). Optionally on read accesses,
                 DAV can be overlapped with data fetch to hide VM
                 overheads. DVM requires modest OS and IOMMU changes,
                 and is transparent to the application. Implemented in
                 Linux 4.10, DVM reduces VM overheads in a
                 graph-processing accelerator to just 1.6\% on average.
                 DVM also improves performance by 2.1X over an optimized
                 conventional VM implementation, while consuming 3.9X
                 less dynamic energy for memory management. We further
                 discuss DVM's potential to extend beyond accelerators
                 to CPUs, where it reduces VM overheads to 5\% on
                 average, down from 29\% for conventional VM.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Hausheer:2018:SPS,
  author =       "David Hausheer and Oliver Hohlfeld and Stefan Schmid
                 and Guofei Gu",
  title =        "Security and performance of software-defined networks
                 and functions virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "138",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "15--17",
  day =          "19",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.03.025",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 13:40:46 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618301452",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Hejja:2018:OPA,
  author =       "Khaled Hejja and Xavier Hesselbach",
  title =        "Online power aware coordinated virtual network
                 embedding with {$5$G} delay constraint",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "124",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "121--136",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 14:16:28 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804518303151",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Hinz:2018:CMI,
  author =       "Mauro Hinz and Guilherme Piegas Koslovski and Charles
                 C. Miers and La{\'e}rcio L. Pilla and Maur{\'\i}cio A.
                 Pillon",
  title =        "A Cost Model for {IaaS} Clouds Based on Virtual
                 Machine Energy Consumption",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "493--512",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-018-9440-8",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 26 10:02:59 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/16/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-018-9440-8",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Hsieh:2018:VMA,
  author =       "Han-Chuan Hsieh and Jiann-Liang Chen and Abderrahim
                 Benslimane",
  title =        "{5G} Virtualized Multi-access Edge Computing Platform
                 for {IoT} Applications",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "115",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "94--102",
  day =          "1",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.05.001",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 27 08:10:17 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804518301577",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Huang:2018:PSC,
  author =       "Sheng-Min Huang and Li-Pin Chang",
  title =        "Providing {SLO} Compliance on {NVMe SSDs} Through
                 Parallelism Reservation",
  journal =      j-TODAES,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "28:1--28:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ATASFO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3174867",
  ISSN =         "1084-4309 (print), 1557-7309 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-4309",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 22 16:58:39 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/todaes.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) is a specification
                 for next-generation solid-state disks (SSDs). Benefited
                 from the massive internal parallelism and the
                 high-speed PCIe bus, NVMe SSDs achieve extremely high
                 data transfer rates, and they are an ideal solution of
                 shared storage in virtualization environments.
                 Providing virtual machines with Service Level Objective
                 (SLO) compliance on NVMe SSDs is a challenging task,
                 because garbage collection activities inside of NVMe
                 SSDs globally affect the I/O performance of all virtual
                 machines. In this study, we introduce a novel approach,
                 called parallelism reservation, which is inspired by
                 the rich internal parallelism of NVMe SSDs. The degree
                 of parallelism stands for how many flash chips are
                 concurrently active. Our basic idea is to reserve
                 sufficient degrees of parallelism for read, write, and
                 garbage collection operations, making sure that an NVMe
                 SSD delivers stable read and write throughput and
                 reclaims free space at a constant rate. The stable read
                 and write throughput are proportionally distributed
                 among virtual machines for SLO compliance. Our
                 experimental results show that our parallelism
                 reservation approach delivered satisfiable throughput
                 and highly predictable response to virtual machines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "28",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J776",
}

@Article{Huang:2018:TBI,
  author =       "Jhih-Yu Huang and Pi-Chung Wang and Jhih-Yu Huang and
                 Pi-Chung Wang",
  title =        "{TCAM}-Based {IP} Address Lookup Using Longest Suffix
                 Split",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "976--989",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2815999",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 20 17:34:21 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Ternary content addressable memory TCAM plays an
                 important role in modern routers due to its capability
                 of performing fast IP address lookup. However, it is
                 expensive, space limited, and a major source of power
                 consumption in a router. In addition, because TCAM only
                 reports the first matching entry, updating TCAM entries
                 would be slow due to necessary entry reordering. In
                 this paper, we present a trie-based algorithm, longest
                 suffix split, to reduce the number of TCAM entries for
                 IP address lookup. The algorithm divides route prefixes
                 into two portions, subprefix and suffix. The route
                 prefixes with the same subprefix and similar suffix
                 portions can then be represented by one TCAM entry and
                 one SRAM entry. Each SRAM entry stores one of two
                 succinct data structures, depending on the threshold
                 number of similar suffixes. The experimental results
                 show that our scheme can reduce 50\% to 95\% TCAM
                 entries for the original routing tables. Our scheme
                 also supports incremental updates. Because the
                 drawbacks of TCAM are related to the number of required
                 entries, our scheme significantly improves the
                 feasibility of TCAM-based IP address lookup. While
                 network virtualization may store multiple forwarding
                 information bases in a router, the number of supported
                 virtual routers can be increased by our scheme.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Hui:2018:VMA,
  author =       "Yang Hui",
  title =        "A virtual machine anomaly detection system for cloud
                 computing infrastructure",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "6126--6134",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2518-z",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Huin:2018:ONS,
  author =       "Nicolas Huin and Brigitte Jaumard and Frederic
                 Giroire",
  title =        "Optimal Network Service Chain Provisioning",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1320--1333",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2833815",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 18 05:31:01 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Service chains consist of a set of network services,
                 such as firewalls or application delivery controllers,
                 which are interconnected through a network to support
                 various applications. While it is not a new concept,
                 there has been an extremely important new trend with
                 the rise of software-defined network SDN and Network
                 Function Virtualization NFV. The combination of SDN and
                 NFV can make the service chain and application
                 provisioning process much shorter and simpler. In this
                 paper, we study the provisioning of service chains
                 jointly with the number/location of virtual network
                 functions VNFs. While chains are often built to support
                 multiple applications, the question arises as how to
                 plan the provisioning of service chains in order to
                 avoid data passing through unnecessary network devices
                 or servers and consuming extra bandwidth and CPU
                 cycles. It requires choosing carefully the number and
                 the location of the VNFs. We propose an exact
                 mathematical model using decomposition methods whose
                 solution is scalable in order to conduct such an
                 investigation. We conduct extensive numerical
                 experiments, and show we can solve exactly the routing
                 of service chain requests in a few minutes for networks
                 with up to 50 nodes, and traffic requests between all
                 pairs of nodes. Detailed analysis is then made on the
                 best compromise between minimizing the bandwidth
                 requirement and minimizing the number of VNFs and
                 optimizing their locations using different data sets.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Jia:2018:OSN,
  author =       "Yongzheng Jia and Chuan Wu and Zongpeng Li and Franck
                 Le and Alex Liu and Zongpeng Li and Yongzheng Jia and
                 Chuan Wu and Franck Le and Alex Liu",
  title =        "Online Scaling of {NFV} Service Chains Across
                 Geo-Distributed Datacenters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "699--710",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2800400",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 20 17:34:21 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Network Function Virtualization NFV is an emerging
                 paradigm that turns hardware-dependent implementation
                 of network functions i.e., middleboxes into software
                 modules running on virtualized platforms, for
                 significant cost reduction and ease of management. Such
                 virtual network functions VNFs commonly constitute
                 service chains, to provide network services that
                 traffic flows need to go through. Efficient deployment
                 of VNFs for network service provisioning is a key to
                 realize the NFV goals. Existing efforts on VNF
                 placement mostly deal with offline or one-time
                 placement, ignoring the fundamental, dynamic deployment
                 and scaling need of VNFs to handle practical
                 time-varying traffic volumes. This work investigates
                 dynamic placement of VNF service chains across
                 geo-distributed datacenters to serve flows between
                 dispersed source and destination pairs, for operational
                 cost minimization of the service chain provider over
                 the entire system span. An efficient online algorithm
                 is proposed, which consists of two main components: 1 A
                 regularization-based approach from online learning
                 literature to convert the offline optimal deployment
                 problem into a sequence of one-shot regularized
                 problems, each to be efficiently solved in one time
                 slot and 2 An online dependent rounding scheme to
                 derive feasible integer solutions from the optimal
                 fractional solutions of the one-shot problems, and to
                 guarantee a good competitive ratio of the online
                 algorithm over the entire time span. We verify our
                 online algorithm with solid theoretical analysis and
                 trace-driven simulations under realistic settings.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Jiang:2018:SAR,
  author =       "Han-Peng Jiang and Wei-Mei Chen",
  title =        "Self-adaptive resource allocation for energy-aware
                 virtual machine placement in dynamic computing cloud",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "120",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "119--129",
  day =          "15",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 14:16:27 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804518302352",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Jobava:2018:AIT,
  author =       "Akaki Jobava and Anis Yazidi and B. John Oommen and
                 Kyrre Begnum",
  title =        "On achieving intelligent traffic-aware consolidation
                 of virtual machines in a data center using Learning
                 Automata",
  journal =      j-J-COMPUT-SCI,
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "290--312",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2017.08.005",
  ISSN =         "1877-7503 (print), 1877-7511 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1877-7503",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 19 13:54:33 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcomputsci.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877750317300054",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Comput. Sci.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computational Science",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-computational-science",
}

@Article{Kamran:2018:QAV,
  author =       "Kamran and Babar Nazir",
  title =        "{QoS}-aware {VM} placement and migration for hybrid
                 cloud infrastructure",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "4623--4646",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2071-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:14 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/9;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kannan:2018:HDH,
  author =       "Sudarsun Kannan and Ada Gavrilovska and Vishal Gupta
                 and Karsten Schwan",
  title =        "{HeteroOS}: {OS} Design for Heterogeneous Memory
                 Management in Datacenters",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--26",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3273982.3273985",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 11:56:03 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Heterogeneous memory management combined with server
                 virtualization in datacenters is expected to increase
                 the software and OS management complexity.
                 State-of-the-art solutions rely exclusively on the
                 hypervisor (VMM) for expensive page hotness tracking
                 and migrations, limiting the benefits from
                 heterogeneity. To address this, we design HeteroOS, a
                 novel application-transparent OS-level solution for
                 managing memory heterogeneity in virtualized systems.
                 The HeteroOS design first makes the guest-OSes
                 heterogeneity aware, and then extracts rich OS-level
                 information about applications' memory usage to place
                 data in the 'right' memory, avoiding page migrations.
                 When such proactive placements are not possible,
                 HeteroOS combines the power of the guest-OSes'
                 information about applications with the VMM's hardware
                 control to track for hotness and migrate only
                 performance-critical pages. Finally, HeteroOS also
                 designs an efficient heterogeneous memory sharing
                 across multiple guest-VMs. Evaluation of HeteroOS with
                 memory, storage, and network-intensive datacenter
                 applications show up to 2x performance improvement
                 compared to the state-of-the-art VMMexclusive
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Kesavaraja:2018:QEC,
  author =       "D. Kesavaraja and A. Shenbagavalli",
  title =        "{QoE} enhancement in cloud virtual machine allocation
                 using {Eagle} strategy of hybrid krill herd
                 optimization",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "118 (Part 2)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "267--279",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2017.08.015",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 19 15:17:55 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731517302459",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Khorandi:2018:NCO,
  author =       "Sina Mahmoodi Khorandi and Mohsen Sharifi",
  title =        "Non-clairvoyant online scheduling of synchronized jobs
                 on virtual clusters",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2353--2384",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2262-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:12 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/6;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kim:2018:FSS,
  author =       "Myungsun Kim and Soonhyun Noh and Jinhwa Hyeon and
                 Seongsoo Hong",
  title =        "Fair-share scheduling in single-{ISA} asymmetric
                 multicore architecture via scaled virtual runtime and
                 load redistribution",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "111",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "174--186",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 15:08:48 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731517302423",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Kim:2018:LIG,
  author =       "Dongkyun Kim and Yong-Hwan Kim and Ki-Hyun Kim and
                 Joo-Beom Kim and Gi-Seong You and Joon-Min Gil",
  title =        "Logically isolated group network for virtual
                 convergence environment over {SD--WAN}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "6742--6752",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2282-0",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:10 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/12;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kim:2018:PSC,
  author =       "Hyoseung Kim and Ragunathan (Raj) Rajkumar",
  title =        "Predictable Shared Cache Management for Multi-Core
                 Real-Time Virtualization",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22:1--22:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3092946",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 17 18:16:34 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Real-time virtualization has gained much attention for
                 the consolidation of multiple real-time systems onto a
                 single hardware platform while ensuring timing
                 predictability. However, a shared last-level cache
                 (LLC) on modern multi-core platforms can easily hamper
                 the timing predictability of real-time virtualization
                 due to the resulting temporal interference among
                 consolidated workloads. Since such interference caused
                 by the LLC is highly variable and may have not even
                 existed in legacy systems to be consolidated, it poses
                 a significant challenge for real-time virtualization.
                 In this article, we propose a predictable shared cache
                 management framework for multi-core real-time
                 virtualization. Our framework introduces two
                 hypervisor-level techniques, vLLC and vColoring, that
                 enable the cache allocation of individual tasks running
                 in a virtual machine (VM), which is not achievable by
                 the current state of the art. Our framework also
                 provides a cache management scheme that determines
                 cache allocation to tasks, designs VMs in a cache-aware
                 manner, and minimizes the aggregated utilization of VMs
                 to be consolidated. As a proof of concept, we
                 implemented vLLC and vColoring in the KVM hypervisor
                 running on x86 and ARM multi-core platforms.
                 Experimental results with three different guest OSs
                 (i.e., Linux/RK, vanilla Linux, and MS Windows
                 Embedded) show that our techniques can effectively
                 control the cache allocation of tasks in VMs. Our cache
                 management scheme yields a significant utilization
                 benefit compared to other approaches while satisfying
                 timing constraints.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "22",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
}

@Article{Kimovski:2018:DEE,
  author =       "Dragi Kimovski and Attila Marosi and Sandi Gec and
                 Nishant Saurabh and Attila Kertesz and Gabor Kecskemeti
                 and Vlado Stankovski and Radu Prodan",
  title =        "Distributed environment for efficient virtual machine
                 image management in federated {Cloud} architectures",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "20",
  pages =        "e4220:1--e4220:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4220",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 08:07:52 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "03 July 2017",
}

@Article{Kontoudis:2018:SAV,
  author =       "Dimitris Kontoudis and Panayotis Fouliras",
  title =        "A statistical approach to virtual server resource
                 management",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4335",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 4 10:03:11 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpe.4335",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Kotsifakou:2018:HHP,
  author =       "Maria Kotsifakou and Prakalp Srivastava and Matthew D.
                 Sinclair and Rakesh Komuravelli and Vikram Adve and
                 Sarita Adve",
  title =        "{HPVM}: heterogeneous parallel virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "68--80",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3200691.3178493",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We propose a parallel program representation for
                 heterogeneous systems, designed to enable performance
                 portability across a wide range of popular parallel
                 hardware, including GPUs, vector instruction sets,
                 multicore CPUs and potentially FPGAs. Our
                 representation, which we call HPVM, is a hierarchical
                 dataflow graph with shared memory and vector
                 instructions. HPVM supports three important
                 capabilities for programming heterogeneous systems: a
                 compiler intermediate representation (IR), a virtual
                 instruction set (ISA), and a basis for runtime
                 scheduling; previous systems focus on only one of these
                 capabilities. As a compiler IR, HPVM aims to enable
                 effective code generation and optimization for
                 heterogeneous systems. As a virtual ISA, it can be used
                 to ship executable programs, in order to achieve both
                 functional portability and performance portability
                 across such systems. At runtime, HPVM enables flexible
                 scheduling policies, both through the graph structure
                 and the ability to compile individual nodes in a
                 program to any of the target devices on a system. We
                 have implemented a prototype HPVM system, defining the
                 HPVM IR as an extension of the LLVM compiler IR,
                 compiler optimizations that operate directly on HPVM
                 graphs, and code generators that translate the virtual
                 ISA to NVIDIA GPUs, Intel's AVX vector units, and to
                 multicore X86-64 processors. Experimental results show
                 that HPVM optimizations achieve significant performance
                 improvements, HPVM translators achieve performance
                 competitive with manually developed OpenCL code for
                 both GPUs and vector hardware, and that runtime
                 scheduling policies can make use of both program and
                 runtime information to exploit the flexible compilation
                 capabilities. Overall, we conclude that the HPVM
                 representation is a promising basis for achieving
                 performance portability and for implementing
                 parallelizing compilers for heterogeneous parallel
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "PPoPP '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Kuo:2018:DCV,
  author =       "Tung-Wei Kuo and Bang-Heng Liou and Kate Ching-Ju Lin
                 and Ming-Jer Tsai",
  title =        "Deploying Chains of Virtual Network Functions: On the
                 Relation Between Link and Server Usage",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1562--1576",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2842798",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 18 05:31:02 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Recently, network function virtualization has been
                 proposed to transform from network hardware appliances
                 to software middleboxes. Normally, a demand needs to
                 invoke several virtual network functions VNFs following
                 the order determined by the service chain along a
                 routing path. In this paper, we study the joint problem
                 of the VNF placement and path selection to better
                 utilize the network. We discover that the relation
                 between the link and server usage plays a crucial role
                 in the problem. Inspired by stress testing, we first
                 propose a systematic way to elastically tune the link
                 and server usage of each demand based on the network
                 status and properties of demands. In particular, we
                 compute a proper routing path length, and decide, for
                 each VNF in the service chain, whether to use
                 additional server resources or to reuse resources
                 provided by existing servers. We then propose a chain
                 deployment algorithm that follows the guidance of this
                 link and server usage. Via simulations, we show that
                 our design effectively adapts resource allocation to
                 network dynamics and, hence, serves more demands than
                 other heuristics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Lago:2018:EAV,
  author =       "Daniel Guimaraes Lago and Edmundo R. M. Madeira and
                 Deep Medhi",
  title =        "Energy-Aware Virtual Machine Scheduling on Data
                 Centers with Heterogeneous Bandwidths",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--98",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2753247",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 07:22:41 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2018/01/08039210-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Lettieri:2018:SPV,
  author =       "Giuseppe Lettieri and Vincenzo Maffione and Luigi
                 Rizzo",
  title =        "A Study of {I/O} Performance of Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "808--831",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxx092",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 3 11:54:39 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/61/6/808/4259797",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Li:2018:EAM,
  author =       "Zhihua Li and Chengyu Yan and Lei Yu and Xinrong Yu",
  title =        "Energy-aware and multi-resource overload probability
                 constraint-based virtual machine dynamic consolidation
                 method",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "139--156",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 2 16:58:42 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16307476",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Li:2018:HVM,
  author =       "Xiang Li and Peter Garraghan and Xiaohong Jiang and
                 Zhaohui Wu and Jie Xu",
  title =        "Holistic Virtual Machine Scheduling in Cloud
                 Datacenters towards Minimizing Total Energy",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1317--1331",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2688445",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 10 07:22:57 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2018/06/07888576-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Li:2018:LCS,
  author =       "Huixi Li and Wenjun Li and Qilong Feng and Shigeng
                 Zhang and Haodong Wang and Jianxin Wang",
  title =        "Leveraging content similarity among {VMI} files to
                 allocate virtual machines in cloud",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "79 (part 2)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "528--542",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.09.058",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 15:16:17 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17300146",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  keywords =     "Content sharing; Optimization; Virtual machine images;
                 Virtual machine placement",
}

@Article{Li:2018:OVM,
  author =       "Huixi Li and Wenjun Li and Haodong Wang and Jianxin
                 Wang",
  title =        "An optimization of virtual machine selection and
                 placement by using memory content similarity for server
                 consolidation in cloud",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "84",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "98--107",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.02.026",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 16 14:45:08 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17323063",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Li:2018:TFV,
  author =       "Junfeng Li and Dan Li and Yirong Yu and Yukai Huang
                 and Jing Zhu and Jinkun Geng",
  title =        "Towards full virtualization of {SDN} infrastructure",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "143",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "ii--ii",
  day =          "9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.06.014",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 13 14:39:28 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618303852",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Liu:2018:CAL,
  author =       "Jiayi Liu and Qinghai Yang and Gwendal Simon and Jiayi
                 Liu and Gwendal Simon and Qinghai Yang",
  title =        "Congestion Avoidance and Load Balancing in Content
                 Placement and Request Redirection for Mobile {CDN}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "851--863",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2804979",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 20 17:34:21 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With the development of network function
                 virtualization and software-defined network standards,
                 the mobile network operators are interested in
                 integrating content delivery network CDN
                 functionalities into the mobile network to enhance
                 their capability for supporting content oriented
                 services. We consider a mobile CDN system, where Base
                 Stations BSs are equipped with storage for replicating
                 content. In such a system, BSs cooperation in replying
                 user requests through backhaul links is a widely
                 adopted mechanism. Blindly redirect user requests upon
                 content placement can cause traffic congestion. As a
                 result, congestion avoidance and load balancing is an
                 important issue to be tackled in this scenario. We
                 investigated the joint optimization problem of content
                 placement and request redirection for the BS-based
                 mobile CDN. Specifically, each BS maintains a
                 transmission queue for replying requests issued from
                 other BSs. Network congestion and BSs load balancing
                 can be jointly considered through guaranteeing network
                 stability. We employ the stochastic optimization model
                 to minimize the long-term time-average transmission
                 cost under network stability constraints. By using the
                 Lyapunov optimization technique, we transform the
                 long-term problem into a set of linear programs solved
                 in each short time duration, and we develop an on-line
                 algorithm to efficiently decide content placement and
                 request redirection without requiring a priori
                 knowledge on the random network state information.
                 Through our theoretical analysis, the performance of
                 the algorithm on optimality and network stability is
                 given. The evaluation confirms that our solution can
                 achieve low transmission cost, whilst avoiding
                 congestion and balancing traffic loads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Liu:2018:SPM,
  author =       "Xi Liu and Weidong Li and Xuejie Zhang",
  title =        "Strategy-Proof Mechanism for Provisioning and
                 Allocation Virtual Machines in Heterogeneous Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1650--1663",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2017.2785815",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 14 08:35:31 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2018/07/08241849-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Liu:2018:TBG,
  author =       "Jialei Liu and Shangguang Wang and Ao Zhou and Xiang
                 Xu and Sathish A. P. Kumar and Fangchun Yang",
  title =        "Towards Bandwidth Guaranteed Virtual Cluster
                 Reallocation in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1284--1295",
  day =          "1",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxx113",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 30 15:17:48 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/61/9/1284/4779880",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Lopez-Pires:2018:VMP,
  author =       "Fabio L{\'o}pez-Pires and Benjam{\'\i}n Bar{\'a}n and
                 Leonardo Ben{\'\i}tez and Sa{\'u}l Zalimben and Augusto
                 Amarilla",
  title =        "Virtual machine placement for elastic infrastructures
                 in overbooked cloud computing datacenters under
                 uncertainty",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "79 (part 3)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "830--848",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 15 14:36:32 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17303126",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Ludwig:2018:TPC,
  author =       "Arne Ludwig and Szymon Dudycz and Matthias Rost and
                 Stefan Schmid",
  title =        "Transiently Policy-Compliant Network Updates",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2569--2582",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2871023",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 4 19:39:59 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Computer networks have become a critical
                 infrastructure. It is hence increasingly important to
                 guarantee a correct, consistent, and secure network
                 operation at any time, even during route updates.
                 However, most existing works on consistent network
                 update protocols focus on connectivity properties only
                 e.g., loop-freedom while ignoring basic security
                 policies. This paper studies how to update routes in a
                 software-defined network in a transiently
                 policy-compliant manner. In particular, our goal is to
                 enforce waypoints: at no point in time should it be
                 possible for packets to bypass security critical
                 network functions such as a firewall. This problem is
                 timely, given the advent of network function
                 virtualization which envisions more flexible middlebox
                 deployments, not limited to the network edge. This
                 paper shows that enforcing waypoint traversal in
                 transient states can be challenging: waypoint
                 enforcement can conflict with loop-freedom. Even worse,
                 we rigorously prove that deciding whether a waypoint
                 enforcing, loop-free network update schedule exists is
                 NP-hard. These results hold for both kinds of
                 loop-freedom used in the literature: strong and relaxed
                 loop-freedom. This paper also presents optimized, exact
                 mixed integer programs to decide feasibility quickly
                 and to compute optimal update schedules. We report on
                 extensive simulation results, and also study scenarios
                 where entire ``service chains,'' connecting multiple
                 waypoints, need to be updated consistently.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Luo:2018:IPN,
  author =       "Gangyi Luo and Zhuzhong Qian and Mianxiong Dong and
                 Kaoru Ota and Sanglu Lu",
  title =        "Improving performance by network-aware virtual machine
                 clustering and consolidation",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "5846--5864",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2104-9",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Ma:2018:GEG,
  author =       "Jiacheng Ma and Xiao Zheng and Yaozu Dong and Wentai
                 Li and Zhengwei Qi and Bingsheng He and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "{gMig}: Efficient {GPU} Live Migration Optimized by
                 Software Dirty Page for Full Virtualization",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--44",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3296975.3186414",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper introduces gMig, an open-source and
                 practical GPU live migration solution for full
                 virtualization. By taking advantage of the dirty
                 pattern of GPU workloads, gMig presents the One-Shot
                 Pre-Copy combined with the hashing based Software Dirty
                 Page technique to achieve efficient GPU live migration.
                 Particularly, we propose three approaches for gMig: (1)
                 Dynamic Graphics Address Remapping, which parses and
                 manipulates GPU commands to adjust the address mapping
                 to adapt to a different environment after migration,
                 (2) Software Dirty Page, which utilizes a hashing based
                 approach to detect page modification, overcomes the
                 commodity GPU's hardware limitation, and speeds up the
                 migration by only sending the dirtied pages, (3)
                 One-Shot Pre-Copy, which greatly reduces the rounds of
                 pre-copy of graphics memory. Our evaluation shows that
                 gMig achieves GPU live migration with an average
                 downtime of 302 ms on Windows and 119 ms on Linux. With
                 the help of Software Dirty Page, the number of GPU
                 pages transferred during the downtime is effectively
                 reduced by 80.0\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Malandrino:2018:VBE,
  author =       "Francesco Malandrino and Carla-Fabiana Chiasserini and
                 Claudio Casetti",
  title =        "Virtualization-based evaluation of backhaul
                 performance in vehicular applications",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "134",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "93--104",
  day =          "7",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.01.018",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 17 13:11:52 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618300276",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Mann:2018:CSI,
  author =       "Zolt{\'a}n {\'A}d{\'a}m Mann",
  title =        "Cloud simulators in the implementation and evaluation
                 of virtual machine placement algorithms",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1368--1389",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2579",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 4 10:20:33 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spe.2579",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "17 April 2018",
}

@Article{Marotta:2018:JPE,
  author =       "Antonio Marotta and Stefano Avallone and Andreas
                 Kassler",
  title =        "A Joint Power Efficient Server and Network
                 Consolidation approach for virtualized data centers",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "130",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "65--80",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 5 05:57:59 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128617304012",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Mashimo:2018:VMS,
  author =       "Susumu Mashimo and Ryota Shioya and Koji Inoue",
  title =        "{VMOR}: Microarchitectural Support for Operand Access
                 in an Interpreter",
  journal =      j-IEEE-COMPUT-ARCHIT-LETT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "217--220",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/LCA.2018.2866243",
  ISSN =         "1556-6056 (print), 1556-6064 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-6056",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 25 07:41:05 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecomputarchitlett.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Dynamic scripting languages become very popular for
                 high productivity. However, many of these languages
                 have significant runtime overheads because they employ
                 interpreter-based virtual machines. One of the major
                 overheads for the interpreter is derived from operand
                 accesses, which significantly increase memory accesses.
                 We propose VMOR, microarchitectural support for the
                 operand accesses in the interpreter. VMOR remaps
                 operand values into floating-point physical registers,
                 which are rarely used in the interpreter, and thus.
                 VMOR effectively reduces the memory accesses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Mashimo, S (Reprint Author), Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka,
                 Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. Mashimo, Susumu; Inoue, Koji,
                 Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. Shioya,
                 Ryota, Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.",
  author-email = "susumu.mashimo@cpc.ait.kyushu-u.ac.jp
                 shioya@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp inoue@ait.kyushu-u.ac.jp",
  da =           "2019-06-20",
  doc-delivery-number = "HA2CO",
  eissn =        "1556-6064",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Architecture Letters",
  funding-acknowledgement = "JSPS KAKENHI [JP17J10388]",
  funding-text = "This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number
                 JP17J10388.",
  journal-iso =  "IEEE Comput. Archit. Lett.",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10208",
  keywords =     "authoring languages; Cryptography; Dynamic scripting
                 language; dynamic scripting languages; floating-point
                 physical registers; Hardware; high productivity;
                 interpreter; interpreter-based virtual machines; memory
                 accesses; microarchitectural support;
                 Microarchitecture; operand access; operand values;
                 Pipelines; Productivity; program interpreters;
                 Proposals; Registers; virtual machines; VMOR",
  number-of-cited-references = "10",
  research-areas = "Computer Science",
  times-cited =  "0",
  unique-id =    "Mashimo:2018:VMS",
  web-of-science-categories = "Computer Science, Hardware \&
                 Architecture",
}

@Article{Meier:2018:VMD,
  author =       "Remigius Meier and Armin Rigo and Thomas R. Gross",
  title =        "Virtual machine design for parallel dynamic
                 programming languages",
  journal =      j-PACMPL,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "OOPSLA",
  pages =        "109:1--109:25",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3276479",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 8 07:56:30 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmpl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/python.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3276479",
  abstract =     "To leverage the benefits of modern hardware, dynamic
                 languages must support parallelism, and parallelism
                 requires a virtual machine (VM) capable of parallel
                 execution --- a parallel VM. However, unrestricted
                 concurrency and the dynamism of dynamic languages pose
                 great challenges to the implementation of parallel VMs.
                 In a dynamic language, a program changing itself is
                 part of the language model. To help the VM, languages
                 often choose memory models (MM) that weaken consistency
                 guarantees. With lesser guarantees, local program state
                 cannot be affected by every concurrent state change.
                 And less interference allows a VM to make local
                 assumptions about the program state which are not
                 immediately violated. These local assumptions are
                 essential for a VM's just-in-time compiler for
                 delivering state-of-the-art VM
                 performance.\par

                 Unfortunately, some dynamic languages employ MMs that
                 give exceedingly strong consistency guarantees and
                 thereby hinder the development of parallel VMs. Such is
                 the case in particular for languages that depend on a
                 global interpreter lock, which mandates a MM with
                 sequential consistency and instruction
                 atomicity.\par

                 In this paper, we reflect on a first implementation of
                 the Parallel RPython execution model, which facilitates
                 the development of parallel VMs by decoupling language
                 semantics from the synchronization mechanism used
                 within the VM. The implementation addresses the
                 challenges imposed by strong MMs through strict
                 isolation of concurrent computations. This isolation
                 builds on transactional parallel worlds, which are
                 implemented with a novel combination of software
                 techniques and the capabilities of modern
                 hardware.\par

                 We evaluate a set of parallel Python programs on a
                 parallel VM that relies on Parallel RPython's
                 implementation. Compared with a serial baseline VM that
                 relies on a global interpreter lock, the parallel VM
                 achieves speedups of up to $ 7.5 \times $ on 8 CPU
                 cores. The evaluation shows that our realization of
                 Parallel RPython meets the challenges of dynamic
                 languages, and that it can serve as a solid foundation
                 for the construction of parallel dynamic language
                 VMs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "109",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages",
  journal-URL =  "https://pacmpl.acm.org/",
}

@Article{Meloni:2018:CBI,
  author =       "A. Meloni and P. A. Pegoraro and L. Atzori and A.
                 Benigni and S. Sulis",
  title =        "Cloud-based {IoT} solution for state estimation in
                 smart grids: Exploiting virtualization and
                 edge-intelligence technologies",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "130",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "156--165",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 5 05:57:59 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128617303912",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Miao:2018:VMA,
  author =       "Xuna Miao and Xiaobo Wu",
  title =        "Virtual machine anomaly detection strategy based on
                 cloud platform operating environment perception",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "e4656:1--e4656:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4656",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 08:07:52 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "27 August 2018",
}

@Article{Montella:2018:MBP,
  author =       "Raffaele Montella and Livia Marcellino and Ardelio
                 Galletti and Diana {Di Luccio} and Sokol Kosta and
                 Giuliano Laccetti and Giulio Giunta",
  title =        "Marine bathymetry processing through {GPGPU}
                 virtualization in high performance cloud computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "24",
  pages =        "e4895:1--e4895:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4895",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 08:07:53 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "12 September 2018",
}

@Article{Nagy:2018:NVI,
  author =       "Mate Nagy and Janos Tapolcai and Gabor Retvari",
  title =        "Node Virtualization for {IP} Level Resilience",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1250--1263",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2829399",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 18 05:31:01 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "For Internet protocol IP to evolve into a true
                 carrier-grade transport facility, it needs to support
                 fast resilience out-of-the-box. IP-level failure
                 protection based on the IP fast reroute/loop-free
                 alternates LFA specification has become industrial
                 requirement recently. The success of LFA lies in its
                 inherent simplicity, but this comes at the expense of
                 letting certain failure scenarios go unprotected.
                 Realizing full failure coverage with LFA so far has
                 only been possible through completely re-engineering
                 the network around LFA-compliant design patterns. In
                 this paper, we show that attaining high LFA coverage is
                 possible without any alteration to the installed IP
                 infrastructure, by introducing a carefully designed
                 virtual overlay on top of the physical network that
                 provides LFAs to otherwise unprotected routers. Our
                 main contribution is formulating the corresponding
                 resilient IP overlay design problem and providing
                 constructions that can achieve full failure coverage
                 against single link failures by adding at most four
                 virtual nodes to each physical one. We also show that
                 the problem of finding the minimal number of virtual
                 nodes achieving full failure coverage is NP-hard, and
                 thus propose heuristic algorithms that are guaranteed
                 to terminate with a fully protected topology in
                 polynomial time. According to the numerical evaluations
                 the performance of our algorithm is on par with, or
                 even better than, that of previous ones, lending itself
                 as the first practically viable option to build highly
                 resilient IP networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Naranjo:2018:DEE,
  author =       "Paola G. Vinueza Naranjo and Enzo Baccarelli and
                 Michele Scarpiniti",
  title =        "Design and energy-efficient resource management of
                 virtualized networked Fog architectures for the
                 real-time support of {IoT} applications",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2470--2507",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2274-0",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:12 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/6;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Nguyen:2018:CCE,
  author =       "Tuan Anh Nguyen and Dugki Min and Eunmi Choi",
  title =        "Correction to: {A comprehensive evaluation of
                 availability and operational cost for a virtualized
                 server system using stochastic reward nets}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2903--2903",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2428-0",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:12 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/6;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Nguyen:2018:CEA}.",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-018-2428-0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Nguyen:2018:CEA,
  author =       "Tuan Anh Nguyen and Dugki Min and Eunmi Choi",
  title =        "A comprehensive evaluation of availability and
                 operational cost for a virtualized server system using
                 stochastic reward nets",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "222--276",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2127-2",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 6 08:59:19 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Nguyen:2018:CCE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Nitu:2018:WSS,
  author =       "Vlad Nitu and Aram Kocharyan and Hannas Yaya and Alain
                 Tchana and Daniel Hagimont and Hrachya Astsatryan",
  title =        "Working Set Size Estimation Techniques in Virtualized
                 Environments: One Size Does not Fit All",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--63",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3292040.3219642",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 18 06:03:57 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Energy consumption is a primary concern for
                 datacenters' management. Numerous datacenters are
                 relying on virtualization, as it provides flexible
                 resource management means such as virtual machine (VM)
                 checkpoint/restart, migration and consolidation.
                 However, one of the main hindrances to server
                 consolidation is physical memory. In nowadays cloud,
                 memory is generally statically allocated to VMs and
                 wasted if not used. Techniques (such as ballooning)
                 were introduced for dynamically reclaiming memory from
                 VMs, such that only the needed memory is provisioned to
                 each VM. However, the challenge is to precisely monitor
                 the needed memory, i.e., the working set of each VM. In
                 this paper, we thoroughly review the main techniques
                 that were proposed for monitoring the working set of
                 VMs. Additionally, we have implemented the main
                 techniques in the Xen hypervisor and we have defined
                 different metrics in order to evaluate their
                 efficiency. Based on the evaluation results, we propose
                 Badis, a system which combines several of the existing
                 solutions, using the right solution at the right time.
                 We also propose a consolidation extension which
                 leverages Badis in order to pack the VMs based on the
                 working set size and not the booked memory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Noshy:2018:OLV,
  author =       "Mostafa Noshy and Abdelhameed Ibrahim and Hesham
                 Arafat Ali",
  title =        "Optimization of live virtual machine migration in
                 cloud computing: A survey and future directions",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "110",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--10",
  day =          "15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.03.002",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 27 08:10:15 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804518300833",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Ott:2018:SDI,
  author =       "David E. Ott",
  title =        "Software Defined Infrastructure: Rethinking
                 Cybersecurity with a More Capable Toolset",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "129--133",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3273982.3273995",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 11:56:03 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In Software Defined Infrastructure (SDI),
                 virtualization techniques are used to decouple
                 applications and higher-level services from their
                 underlying physical compute, storage, and network
                 resources. The approach offers a set of powerful new
                 capabilities (isolation, encapsulation, portability,
                 interposition), including the formation of a
                 software-based, infrastructure-wide control plane for
                 orchestrated management. In this position paper, we
                 identify opportunities for revisiting ongoing
                 cybersecurity challenges using SDI as a powerful new
                 toolset. Benefits of this approach can be broadly
                 utilized in public, private, and hybrid clouds, data
                 centers, enterprise computing, IoT deployments, and
                 more. The discussion motivates the research challenge
                 underlying VMware's partnership with the National
                 Science Foundation to fund novel and foundational
                 research in this area. Known as the NSF/VMware
                 Partnership on Software Defined Infrastructure as a
                 Foundation for Clean-Slate Computing Security
                 (SDI-CSCS), the jointly funded university research
                 program is set to begin in the fall of 2017.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Pahl:2018:APC,
  author =       "Claus Pahl and Pooyan Jamshidi and Olaf Zimmermann",
  title =        "Architectural Principles for Cloud Software",
  journal =      j-TOIT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3104028",
  ISSN =         "1533-5399 (print), 1557-6051 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1533-5399",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 21 07:34:08 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "A cloud is a distributed Internet-based software
                 system providing resources as tiered services. Through
                 service-orientation and virtualization for resource
                 provisioning, cloud applications can be deployed and
                 managed dynamically. We discuss the building blocks of
                 an architectural style for cloud-based software
                 systems. We capture style-defining architectural
                 principles and patterns for control-theoretic,
                 model-based architectures for cloud software. While
                 service orientation is agreed on in the form of
                 service-oriented architecture and microservices,
                 challenges resulting from multi-tiered, distributed and
                 heterogeneous cloud architectures cause uncertainty
                 that has not been sufficiently addressed. We define
                 principles and patterns needed for effective
                 development and operation of adaptive cloud-native
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J780",
}

@Article{Pascual:2018:ERV,
  author =       "Jose A. Pascual and Jose A. Lozano and Jose
                 Miguel-Alonso",
  title =        "Effects of Reducing {VMs} Management Times on Elastic
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "513--530",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-018-9441-7",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 26 10:02:59 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/16/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-018-9441-7",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Paulraj:2018:RAV,
  author =       "Getzi Jeba Leelipushpam Paulraj and Sharmila Anand
                 John Francis and J. Dinesh Peter and Immanuel Johnraja
                 Jebadurai",
  title =        "Resource-aware virtual machine migration in {IoT}
                 cloud",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "85",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "173--183",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 19 14:05:57 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17322471",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Pease:2018:IRT,
  author =       "Sarogini Grace Pease and Russell Trueman and Callum
                 Davies and Jude Grosberg and Kai Hin Yau and Navjot
                 Kaur and Paul Conway and Andrew West",
  title =        "An intelligent real-time cyber-physical toolset for
                 energy and process prediction and optimisation in the
                 future industrial {Internet of Things}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "79 (part 3)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "815--829",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 15 14:36:32 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1630382X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Pettit:2018:BPH,
  author =       "Justin Pettit and Ben Pfaff and Joe Stringer and
                 Cheng-Chun Tu and Brenden Blanco and Alex Tessmer",
  title =        "Bringing Platform Harmony to {VMware NSX}",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "123--128",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3273982.3273994",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 11:56:03 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "VMware NSX virtualizes network functionality in a
                 manner analogous to how hypervisors virtualize compute
                 resources. To do this, NSX must faithfully recreate
                 virtual versions of network components, such as
                 switches, routers, and firewalls. As this functionality
                 becomes commoditized, NSX must move ``up the stack'' to
                 provide more advanced features, such as load-balancers,
                 IDS/IPS (intrusion detection and prevention systems),
                 and DPI (deep packet inspection) for classification.
                 NSX is designed to work in all types of
                 deployments-even those without any other VMware
                 software. It integrates with ESXi, Linux KVM, and
                 Hyper-V hypervisors; it is even being made to work on
                 systems without a hypervisor, such as containers and
                 third-party clouds. Each of these platforms has its own
                 native forwarding plane. For the best user experience,
                 all of the forwarding planes should provide the same
                 behavior, but the disparate implementations make this
                 difficult in practice. As network functions become more
                 complex and as NSX supports more forwarding planes,
                 both duplication of effort and undesirable diversity of
                 behavior increases. We propose a new approach to
                 building advanced network functions in NSX. Under this
                 approach, identical code runs on all of NSX's supported
                 platforms. Applications will run at or near native
                 performance, but with better security and identical
                 cross-platform behavior. We demonstrate this by writing
                 a single application to provide DPI functionality that
                 runs in the fast paths of each of NSX's primary
                 platforms: ESXi, Linux, and Edge gateway appliance. We
                 evaluate the performance and correctness of our
                 implementation on the three platforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Pickartz:2018:PCV,
  author =       "Simon Pickartz and Carsten Clauss and Jens Breitbart
                 and Stefan Lankes and Antonello Monti",
  title =        "Prospects and challenges of virtual machine migration
                 in {HPC}",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "",
  day =          "10",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4412",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 4 10:03:13 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpe.4412",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Psychas:2018:NPV,
  author =       "Konstantinos Psychas and Javad Ghaderi",
  title =        "On Non-Preemptive {VM} Scheduling in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--69",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3292040.3219644",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 18 06:03:57 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "We study the problem of scheduling VMs (Virtual
                 Machines) in a distributed server platform, motivated
                 by cloud computing applications. The VMs arrive
                 dynamically over time to the system, and require a
                 certain amount of resources (e.g. memory, CPU, etc) for
                 the duration of their service. To avoid costly
                 preemptions, we consider non-preemptive scheduling:
                 Each VM has to be assigned to a server which has enough
                 residual capacity to accommodate it, and once a VM is
                 assigned to a server, its service cannot be disrupted
                 (preempted). Prior approaches to this problem either
                 have high complexity, require synchronization among the
                 servers, or yield queue sizes/delays which are
                 excessively large. We propose a non-preemptive
                 scheduling algorithm that resolves these issues. In
                 general, given an approximation algorithm to Knapsack
                 with approximation ratio r, our scheduling algorithm
                 can provide $ r \beta $ fraction of the throughput
                 region for $ \beta < r $. In the special case of a
                 greedy approximation algorithm to Knapsack, we further
                 show that this condition can be relaxed to $ \beta < 1
                 $. The parameters $ \beta $ and $r$ can be tuned to
                 provide a tradeoff between achievable throughput,
                 delay, and computational complexity of the scheduling
                 algorithm. Finally extensive simulation results using
                 both synthetic and real traffic traces are presented to
                 verify the performance of our algorithm.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J618",
}

@Article{Qu:2018:IEE,
  author =       "Xilong Qu and Peng Xiao and Lirong Huang",
  title =        "Improving the energy efficiency and performance of
                 data-intensive workflows in virtualized clouds",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "2935--2955",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2344-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:13 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{R:2018:SDM,
  author =       "Jithin R and Priya Chandran",
  title =        "Secure and Dynamic Memory Management Architecture for
                 Virtualization Technologies in {IoT} Devices",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "119",
  day =          "30",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi10120119",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:03 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/10/12/119",
  abstract =     "The introduction of the internet in embedded devices
                 led to a new era of technology --- the Internet of
                 Things (IoT) era. The IoT technology-enabled device
                 market is growing faster by the day, due to its
                 complete acceptance in diverse areas such as domicile
                 systems, the automobile industry, and beyond. The
                 introduction of internet connectivity in objects that
                 are frequently used in daily life raises the question
                 of security --- how secure is the information and the
                 infrastructure handled by these devices when they are
                 connected to the internet? Security enhancements
                 through standard cryptographic techniques are not
                 suitable due to the power and performance constraints
                 of IoT devices. The introduction of virtualization
                 technology into IoT devices is a recent development,
                 meant for fulfilling security and performance needs.
                 However, virtualization augments the vulnerability
                 present in IoT devices, due to the addition of one more
                 software layer --- namely, the hypervisor, which
                 enables the sharing of resources among different users.
                 This article proposes the adaptation of ASMI
                 (Architectural Support for Memory Isolation --- a
                 general architecture available in the literature for
                 the improvement of the performance and security of
                 virtualization technology) on the popular MIPS
                 (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages)
                 embedded virtualization platform, which could be
                 adopted in embedded virtualization architectures for
                 IoT devices. The article illustrates the performance
                 enhancement achieved by the proposed architecture with
                 the existing architectures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue IoT Security and Privacy.",
}

@Article{Rahmanian:2018:LAB,
  author =       "Ali Asghar Rahmanian and Mostafa Ghobaei-Arani and
                 Sajjad Tofighy",
  title =        "A learning automata-based ensemble resource usage
                 prediction algorithm for cloud computing environment",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "79 (part 1)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "54--71",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.09.049",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 15:16:17 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17309378",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  keywords =     "Cloud computing environment; Ensemble algorithm;
                 Learning automata; Prediction; Virtual machine",
}

@Article{Ranjbari:2018:LAB,
  author =       "Milad Ranjbari and Javad Akbari Torkestani",
  title =        "A learning automata-based algorithm for energy and
                 {SLA} efficient consolidation of virtual machines in
                 cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "113",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "55--62",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 13 12:26:41 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074373151730285X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Ren:2018:LHA,
  author =       "Shiru Ren and Le Tan and Chunqi Li and Zhen Xiao and
                 Weijia Song",
  title =        "Leveraging Hardware-Assisted Virtualization for
                 Deterministic Replay on Commodity Multi-Core
                 Processors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--58",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2727492",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 07:11:27 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7982675/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Computer architecture; Deterministic replay; Hardware;
                 multi-core; Program processors; Protocols; Virtual
                 machine monitors; Virtualization; virtualization",
}

@Article{Riahi:2018:MOD,
  author =       "Montassar Riahi and Saoussen Krichen",
  title =        "A multi-objective decision support framework for
                 virtual machine placement in cloud data centers: a real
                 case study",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "2984--3015",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2348-z",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:13 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Ricci:2018:LSC,
  author =       "Laura Ricci and Alexandru Iosup and Radu Prodan",
  title =        "Large Scale Cooperative Virtual Environments",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "20",
  pages =        "e4878:1--e4878:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4878",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 08:07:52 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "27 July 2018",
}

@Article{Rodrigues:2018:CAS,
  author =       "Tiago Gama Rodrigues and Katsuya Suto and Hiroki
                 Nishiyama and Nei Kato and Katsuhiro Temma",
  title =        "Cloudlets Activation Scheme for Scalable Mobile Edge
                 Computing with Transmission Power Control and Virtual
                 Machine Migration",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1287--1300",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2018.2818144",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 9 10:45:38 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8322166/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Ruprecht:2018:VLM,
  author =       "Adam Ruprecht and Danny Jones and Dmitry Shiraev and
                 Greg Harmon and Maya Spivak and Michael Krebs and Miche
                 Baker-Harvey and Tyler Sanderson",
  title =        "{VM} Live Migration At Scale",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--56",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3296975.3186415",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Uninterrupted uptime is a critical aspect of Virtual
                 Machines (VMs) offered by cloud hosting providers.
                 Google's VMs run on top of rapidly changing
                 infrastructure: we regularly update hardware and host
                 software, and we must quickly respond to failing
                 hardware. Frequent change is critical to both
                 development velocity---deploying new versions of
                 services and infrastructure---and the ability to
                 respond rapidly to defects, including critical security
                 fixes. Typically these updates would be disruptive,
                 resulting in VM termination or restart. In this paper
                 we present how we use VM live migration at scale to
                 eliminate this disruption with minimal impact to the
                 guest, performing over 1,000,0001migrations monthly in
                 our production fleet, with 50ms median blackout, 300ms
                 99th percentile blackout.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Saber:2018:VRH,
  author =       "Takfarinas Saber and James Thorburn and Liam Murphy
                 and Anthony Ventresque",
  title =        "{VM} reassignment in hybrid clouds for large
                 decentralised companies: A multi-objective challenge",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "79 (part 2)",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "751--764",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.06.015",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 24 15:16:17 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17301164",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
  keywords =     "Hybrid algorithms; Hybrid clouds; Interval objective;
                 Large decentralised data centres; Multi-objective
                 optimisation; VM reassignment",
}

@Article{Santos:2018:HDD,
  author =       "Eddie Antonio Santos and Carson McLean and Christopher
                 Solinas and Abram Hindle",
  title =        "How does {Docker} affect energy consumption?
                 {Evaluating} workloads in and out of {Docker}
                 containers",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "146",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "14--25",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.077",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 21 11:49:12 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121218301456",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Scarpiniti:2018:EPH,
  author =       "Michele Scarpiniti and Enzo Baccarelli and Paola G.
                 Vinueza Naranjo and Aurelio Uncini",
  title =        "Energy performance of heuristics and meta-heuristics
                 for real-time joint resource scaling and consolidation
                 in virtualized networked data centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "2161--2198",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2244-6",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:12 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/5;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Shen:2018:RDM,
  author =       "Haiying Shen and Liuhua Chen",
  title =        "Resource Demand Misalignment: an Important Factor to
                 Consider for Reducing Resource Over-Provisioning in
                 Cloud Datacenters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1207--1221",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2823642",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 18 05:31:01 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Previous resource provisioning strategies in cloud
                 datacenters allocate physical resources to virtual
                 machines VMs based on the predicted resource
                 utilization pattern of VMs. The pattern for VMs of a
                 job is usually derived from historical utilizations of
                 multiple VMs of the job. We observed that these
                 utilization curves are usually misaligned in time,
                 which would lead to resource over-prediction and hence
                 over-provisioning. Since this resource utilization
                 misalignment problem has not been revealed and studied
                 before, in this paper, we study the VM resource
                 utilization from public datacenter traces and Hadoop
                 benchmark jobs to verify the commonness of the
                 utilization misalignments. Then, to reduce resource
                 over-provisioning, we propose three VM resource
                 utilization pattern refinement algorithms to improve
                 the original generated pattern by lowering the cap of
                 the pattern, reducing cap provision duration and
                 varying the minimum value of the pattern. We then
                 extend these algorithms to further improve the resource
                 efficiency by considering periodical resource demand
                 patterns that have multiple pulses in a pattern. These
                 algorithms can be used in any resource provisioning
                 strategy that considers predicted resource utilizations
                 of VMs of a job. We then adopt these refinement
                 algorithms in an initial VM allocation mechanism and
                 test them in trace-driven experiments and real-world
                 testbed experiments. The experimental results show that
                 each improved mechanism can increase resource
                 utilization, and reduce the number of PMs needed to
                 satisfy tenant requests. Also, our extended refinement
                 algorithms are effective in improving resource
                 efficiency of the refinement algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Shi:2018:HAV,
  author =       "Hao Shi and Jelena Mirkovic and Abdulla Alwabel",
  title =        "Handling Anti-Virtual Machine Techniques in Malicious
                 Software",
  journal =      j-TOPS,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2018",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139292",
  ISSN =         "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3139292",
  abstract =     "Malware analysis relies heavily on the use of virtual
                 machines (VMs) for functionality and safety. There are
                 subtle differences in operation between virtual and
                 physical machines. Contemporary malware checks for
                 these differences and changes its behavior when it
                 detects a VM presence. These anti-VM techniques hinder
                 malware analysis. Existing research approaches to
                 uncover differences between VMs and physical machines
                 use randomized testing, and thus cannot guarantee
                 completeness. In this article, we propose a
                 detect-and-hide approach, which systematically
                 addresses anti-VM techniques in malware. First, we
                 propose cardinal pill testing -a modification of red
                 pill testing that aims to enumerate the differences
                 between a given VM and a physical machine through
                 carefully designed tests. Cardinal pill testing finds
                 five times more pills by running 15 times fewer tests
                 than red pill testing. We examine the causes of pills
                 and find that, while the majority of them stem from the
                 failure of VMs to follow CPU specifications, a small
                 number stem from under-specification of certain
                 instructions by the Intel manual. This leads to
                 divergent implementations in different CPU and VM
                 architectures. Cardinal pill testing successfully
                 enumerates the differences that stem from the first
                 cause. Finally, we propose VM Cloak -a WinDbg plug-in
                 which hides the presence of VMs from malware. VM Cloak
                 monitors each execute malware command, detects
                 potential pills, and at runtime modifies the command's
                 outcomes to match those that a physical machine would
                 generate. We implemented VM Cloak and verified that it
                 successfully hides VM presence from malware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}

@Article{Shojaei:2018:VVM,
  author =       "Kiamars Shojaei and Faramarz Safi-Esfahani and Saeed
                 Ayat",
  title =        "{VMDFS}: virtual machine dynamic frequency scaling
                 framework in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "5944--5979",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2508-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Silva:2018:FPD,
  author =       "Nuno Silva and Eduardo R. B. Marques and Lu{\'\i}s M.
                 B. Lopes",
  title =        "{Flux}: a Platform for Dynamically Reconfigurable
                 Mobile Crowd-Sensing",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "20:1--20:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3200202",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 2 09:20:25 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Flux is a platform for dynamically reconfigurable
                 crowd-sensing using mobile devices like smartphones and
                 tablets, programmed under a notion of region-based
                 sensing. Each region is defined by a set of physical
                 constraints that determine the sensing scope, e.g.,
                 based on device position or other environmental
                 variables, plus a set of periodic tasks that perform
                 the actual sensing. The resulting behavior is
                 inherently dynamic: as a device's state changes, e.g.,
                 moves in space, it enters and/or leaves different
                 regions, thereby changing the set of active tasks;
                 moreover, regions can be added, deleted, and
                 reprogrammed on-the-fly. Flux makes use of a
                 domain-specific language for sensing tasks that is
                 compiled into abstract bytecode, later executed by a
                 low-footprint virtual machine within a device,
                 guaranteeing runtime safety by construction. For
                 region/task dissemination, Flux employs a broker that
                 holds a changeable region configuration plus gateways
                 that mirror the configuration throughout different
                 network access points to which devices connect. Sensing
                 data is streamed by devices to gateways and then back
                 to the broker. Live or archived data streams are in
                 turn fed by the broker to data-processing clients,
                 which interface with the broker using a
                 publish/subscribe API. We conducted two case-study
                 experiments illustrating Flux: a single-region
                 deployment to monitor WiFi signal quality, and a
                 multi-region deployment to monitor noise, temperature,
                 and places-of-interest based on device movement.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J981",
}

@Article{Son:2018:TSD,
  author =       "Jungmin Son and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "A Taxonomy of Software-Defined Networking
                 ({SDN})-Enabled Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "59:1--59:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3190617",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:35 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Software-Defined Networking (SDN) opened up new
                 opportunities in networking with its concept of the
                 segregated control plane from the data-forwarding
                 hardware, which enables the network to be programmable,
                 adjustable, and reconfigurable dynamically. These
                 characteristics can bring numerous benefits to cloud
                 computing, where dynamic changes and reconfiguration
                 are necessary with its on-demand usage pattern.
                 Although researchers have studied utilizing SDN in
                 cloud computing, gaps still exist and need to be
                 explored further. In this article, we propose a
                 taxonomy to depict different aspects of SDN-enabled
                 cloud computing and explain each element in details.
                 The detailed survey of studies utilizing SDN for cloud
                 computing is presented with focus on data center power
                 optimization, traffic engineering, network
                 virtualization, and security. We also present various
                 simulation and empirical evaluation methods that have
                 been developed for SDN-enabled clouds. Finally, we
                 analyze the gap in current research and propose future
                 directions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "59",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Song:2018:FRD,
  author =       "Tao Song and Jiajun Wang and Jiewei Wu and Ruhui Ma
                 and Alei Liang and Tao Gu and Zhengwei Qi",
  title =        "{FastDesk}: a remote desktop virtualization system for
                 multi-tenant",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "478--491",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 26 08:55:44 MST 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17304776",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Song:2018:GAH,
  author =       "Tae-Geon Song and Mehdi Pirahandeh and Cheong-Jin Ahn
                 and Deok-Hwan Kim",
  title =        "{GPU}-accelerated high-performance encoding and
                 decoding of hierarchical {RAID} in virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "5865--5888",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-1969-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:09 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Sotiriou-Xanthopoulos:2018:OBV,
  author =       "Efstathios Sotiriou-Xanthopoulos and Leonard Masing
                 and Sotirios Xydis and Kostas Siozios and J{\"u}rgen
                 Becker and Dimitrios Soudris",
  title =        "{OpenCL}-based Virtual Prototyping and Simulation of
                 Many-Accelerator Architectures",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "86:1--86:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3242179",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 17 18:16:41 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3242179",
  abstract =     "Heterogeneous architectures featuring multiple
                 hardware accelerators have been proposed as a promising
                 solution for meeting the ever-increasing performance
                 and power requirements of embedded systems. However,
                 the existence of numerous design parameters may result
                 in different architectural schemes and thus in extra
                 design effort. To address this issue, OpenCL-based
                 frameworks have been recently utilized for FPGA
                 programming, to enable the portability of a source code
                 to multiple architectures. However, such OpenCL
                 frameworks focus on RTL design, thus not enabling rapid
                 prototyping and abstracted modeling of complex systems.
                 Virtual Prototyping aims to overcome this problem by
                 enabling the system modeling in higher abstraction
                 levels. This article combines the benefits of OpenCL
                 and Virtual Prototyping, by proposing an OpenCL-based
                 prototyping framework for data-parallel
                 many-accelerator systems, which (a) creates a SystemC
                 Virtual Platform from OpenCL, (b) provides a
                 co-simulation environment for the host and the Virtual
                 Platform, (c) offers memory and interconnection models
                 for parallel data processing, and (d) enables the
                 system evaluation with alternative real number
                 representations (e.g., fixed-point or 16-bit
                 floating-point).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "86",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
}

@Article{Tan:2018:UVQ,
  author =       "Li Tan and Nathan DeBardeleben and Qiang Guan and Sean
                 Blanchard and Michael Lang",
  title =        "Using virtualization to quantify power conservation
                 via near-threshold voltage reduction for inherently
                 resilient applications",
  journal =      j-PARALLEL-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "3--15",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "PACOEJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parco.2017.07.009",
  ISSN =         "0167-8191 (print), 1872-7336 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-8191",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 3 13:59:21 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/parallelcomputing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167819117300996",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Parallel Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678191",
}

@Article{Tian:2018:MTE,
  author =       "Wenhong Tian and Majun He and Wenxia Guo and Wenqiang
                 Huang and Xiaoyu Shi and Mingsheng Shang and Adel
                 Nadjaran Toosi and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "On minimizing total energy consumption in the
                 scheduling of virtual machine reservations",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "113",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "64--74",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.03.033",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 27 08:10:16 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804518301267",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Torquato:2018:MAP,
  author =       "Matheus Torquato and I M Umesh and Paulo Maciel",
  title =        "Models for availability and power consumption
                 evaluation of a private cloud with {VMM} rejuvenation
                 enabled by {VM Live Migration}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "4817--4841",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2485-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:14 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/9;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Tsiftes:2018:VVS,
  author =       "Nicolas Tsiftes and Thiemo Voigt",
  title =        "{Velox VM}: a safe execution environment for
                 resource-constrained {IoT} applications",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "118",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "61--73",
  day =          "15",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 14:16:26 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804518302017",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Ugawa:2018:TSL,
  author =       "Tomoharu Ugawa and Carl G. Ritson and Richard E.
                 Jones",
  title =        "Transactional {Sapphire}: Lessons in High-Performance,
                 On-the-fly Garbage Collection",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3226225",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 4 08:35:09 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Constructing a high-performance garbage collector is
                 hard. Constructing a fully concurrent `on-the-fly'
                 compacting collector is much more so. We describe our
                 experience of implementing the Sapphire algorithm as
                 the first on-the-fly, parallel, replication copying,
                 garbage collector for the Jikes RVM Java virtual
                 machine (JVM). In part, we explain our innovations such
                 as copying with hardware and software transactions,
                 on-the-fly management of Java's reference types, and
                 simple, yet correct, lock-free management of volatile
                 fields in a replicating collector. We fully evaluate,
                 for the first time, and using realistic benchmarks,
                 Sapphire's performance and suitability as a low latency
                 collector. An important contribution of this work is a
                 detailed description of our experience of building an
                 on-the-fly copying collector for a complete JVM with
                 some assurance that it is correct. A key aspect of this
                 is model checking of critical components of this
                 complicated and highly concurrent system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
}

@Article{VanDijkhuizen:2018:SNT,
  author =       "Niels {Van Dijkhuizen} and Jeroen {Van Der Ham}",
  title =        "A Survey of Network Traffic Anonymisation Techniques
                 and Implementations",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "52:1--52:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3182660",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:35 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Many networking research activities are dependent on
                 the availability of network captures. Even outside
                 academic research, there is a need for sharing network
                 captures to cooperate on threat assessments or for
                 debugging. However, most network captures cannot be
                 shared due to privacy concerns. Anonymisation of
                 network captures has been a subject of research for
                 quite some time, and many different techniques exist.
                 In this article, we present an overview of the
                 currently available techniques and implementations for
                 network capture anonymisation. There have been many
                 advances in the understanding of anonymisation and
                 cryptographic methods, which have changed the
                 perspective on the effectiveness of many anonymisation
                 techniques. However, these advances, combined with the
                 increase of computational abilities, may have also made
                 it feasible to perform anonymisation in real time. This
                 may make it easier to collect and distribute network
                 captures both for research and for other applications.
                 This article surveys the literature over the period of
                 1998-2017 on network traffic anonymisation techniques
                 and implementations. The aim is to provide an overview
                 of the current state of the art and to highlight how
                 advances in related fields have shed new light on
                 anonymisation and pseudonimisation methodologies. The
                 few currently maintained implementations are also
                 reviewed. Last, we identify future research directions
                 to enable easier sharing of network traffic, which in
                 turn can enable new insights in network traffic
                 analysis.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "52",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Wan:2018:ADU,
  author =       "Xili Wan and Xinjie Guan and Tianjing Wang and
                 Guangwei Bai and Baek-Yong Choi",
  title =        "Application deployment using {Microservice} and
                 {Docker} containers: Framework and optimization",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "119",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "97--109",
  day =          "1",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 14:16:26 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804518302273",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Wang:2018:ECM,
  author =       "Cheng Wang and Bhuvan Urgaonkar and George Kesidis and
                 Aayush Gupta and Lydia Y. Chen and Robert Birke",
  title =        "Effective Capacity Modulation as an Explicit Control
                 Knob for Public Cloud Profitability",
  journal =      j-TAAS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2:1--2:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139291",
  ISSN =         "1556-4665 (print), 1556-4703 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1556-4665",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 23 05:40:59 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "In this article, we explore the efficacy of dynamic
                 effective capacity modulation (i.e., using
                 virtualization techniques to offer lower resource
                 capacity than that advertised by the cloud provider) as
                 a control knob for a cloud provider's profit
                 maximization complementing the more well-studied
                 approach of dynamic pricing. In particular, our focus
                 is on emerging cloud ecosystems wherein we expect
                 tenants to modify their demands strategically in
                 response to such modulation in effective capacity and
                 prices. Toward this, we consider a simple model of a
                 cloud provider that offers a single type of virtual
                 machine to its tenants and devise a leader/follower
                 game-based cloud control framework to capture the
                 interactions between the provider and its tenants. We
                 assume both parties employ myopic control and
                 short-term predictions to reflect their operation under
                 the high dynamism and poor predictability in such
                 environments. Our evaluation using a combination of
                 real data center traces and real-world benchmarks
                 hosted on a prototype OpenStack-based cloud shows 10\%
                 to 30\% profit improvement for a cloud provider
                 compared with baselines that use static pricing and/or
                 static effective capacity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems
                 (TAAS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1010",
}

@Article{Wang:2018:HSA,
  author =       "Kunshan Wang and Stephen M. Blackburn and Antony L.
                 Hosking and Michael Norrish",
  title =        "Hop, Skip, \& Jump: Practical On-Stack Replacement for
                 a Cross-Platform Language-Neutral {VM}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1--16",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3296975.3186412",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "On-stack replacement (OSR) is a performance-critical
                 technology for many languages, especially dynamic
                 languages. Conventional wisdom, apparent in JavaScript
                 engines such as V8 and SpiderMonkey, is that OSR must
                 be implemented in a low-level (i.e., in assembly) and
                 language-specific way. This paper presents an OSR
                 abstraction based on Swapstack, materialized as the API
                 for a low-level virtual machine, and shows how the
                 abstraction of resumption protocols facilitates an
                 elegant implementation of this API on real hardware.
                 Using an experimental JavaScript implementation, we
                 demonstrate that this API enables the language
                 implementation to perform OSR without the need to deal
                 with machine-level details. We also show that the API
                 itself is implementable on concrete hardware. This work
                 helps crystallize OSR abstractions and, by providing a
                 reusable implementation, brings OSR within reach for
                 more language implementers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Wang:2018:TCB,
  author =       "Haiyang Wang and Tong Li and Ryan Shea and Xiaoqiang
                 Ma and Feng Wang and Jiangchuan Liu and Ke Xu",
  title =        "Toward Cloud-Based Distributed Interactive
                 Applications: Measurement, Modeling, and Analysis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--16",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2017.2765246",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 19 11:27:04 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With the prevalence of broadband network and wireless
                 mobile network accesses, distributed interactive
                 applications DIAs such as online gaming have attracted
                 a vast number of users over the Internet. The
                 deployment of these systems, however, comes with
                 peculiar hardware/software requirements on the user
                 consoles. Recently, such industrial pioneers as Gaikai,
                 Onlive, and Ciinow have offered a new generation of
                 cloud-based DIAs CDIAs, which shifts the necessary
                 computing loads to cloud platforms and largely relieves
                 the pressure on individual user's consoles. In this
                 paper, we aim to understand the existing CDIA framework
                 and highlight its design challenges. Our measurement
                 reveals the inside structures as well as the operations
                 of real CDIA systems and identifies the critical role
                 of cloud proxies. While its design makes effective use
                 of cloud resources to mitigate client's workloads, it
                 may also significantly increase the interaction latency
                 among clients if not carefully handled. Besides the
                 extra network latency caused by the cloud proxy
                 involvement, we find that computation-intensive tasks
                 e.g., game video encoding and bandwidth-intensive tasks
                 e.g., streaming the game screens to clients together
                 create a severe bottleneck in CDIA. Our experiment
                 indicates that when the cloud proxies are virtual
                 machines VMs in the cloud, the computation-intensive
                 and bandwidth-intensive tasks may seriously interfere
                 with each other. We accordingly capture this feature in
                 our model and present an interference-aware solution.
                 This solution not only smartly allocates workloads but
                 also dynamically assigns capacities across VMs based on
                 their arrival/departure patterns.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Watanabe:2018:SEE,
  author =       "Ryo Watanabe and Dilawaer Duolikun and Makoto
                 Takizawa",
  title =        "Simple estimation and energy-aware migration models of
                 virtual machines in a server cluster",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "e4771:1--e4771:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4771",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 08:07:52 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "06 September 2018",
}

@Article{Win:2018:BDB,
  author =       "T. Y. Win and H. Tianfield and Q. Mair",
  title =        "Big Data Based Security Analytics for Protecting
                 Virtualized Infrastructures in Cloud Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-BIG-DATA,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--25",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TBDATA.2017.2715335",
  ISSN =         "2332-7790",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 2 11:24:47 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransbigdata.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Big Data",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6687317",
  keywords =     "advanced attacks; attack features extraction; belief
                 propagation; Big Data; big data based security
                 analytics; cloud computing; Cloud computing; cloud
                 computing; cloud security; Correlation; Databases;
                 event correlation; Feature extraction; feature
                 extraction; graph theory; graph-based event
                 correlation; guest virtual machines; Hadoop Distributed
                 File System; HDFS; invasive software; learning
                 (artificial intelligence); logistic regression;
                 Malware; malware detection; MapReduce parser based
                 identification; network logs; parallel processing;
                 potential attack paths; random functions; rootkit
                 detection; Security; security analytics; security
                 analytics approach; two-step machine learning; user
                 application logs; virtual machines; virtualisation;
                 virtualization security; Virtualized infrastructure;
                 virtualized infrastructures",
}

@Article{Wu:2018:EBJ,
  author =       "Mingyu Wu and Ziming Zhao and Haoyu Li and Heting Li
                 and Haibo Chen and Binyu Zang and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "{Espresso}: Brewing {Java} For More Non-Volatility
                 with Non-volatile Memory",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "70--83",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3296957.3173201",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Fast, byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM)
                 embraces both near-DRAM latency and disk-like
                 persistence, which has generated considerable interests
                 to revolutionize system software stack and programming
                 models. However, it is less understood how NVM can be
                 combined with managed runtime like Java virtual machine
                 (JVM) to ease persistence management. This paper
                 proposes Espresso, a holistic extension to Java and its
                 runtime, to enable Java programmers to exploit NVM for
                 persistence management with high performance. Espresso
                 first provides a general persistent heap design called
                 Persistent Java Heap (PJH) to manage persistent data as
                 normal Java objects. The heap is then strengthened with
                 a recoverable mechanism to provide crash consistency
                 for heap metadata. Espresso further provides a new
                 abstraction called Persistent Java Object (PJO) to
                 provide an easy-to-use but safe persistence programming
                 model for programmers to persist application data.
                 Evaluation confirms that Espresso significantly
                 outperforms state-of-art NVM support for Java (i.e.,
                 JPA and PCJ) while being compatible to data structures
                 in existing Java programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Xie:2018:NSA,
  author =       "Lei Xie and Shengbo Chen and Wenfeng Shen and Huaikou
                 Miao",
  title =        "A Novel Self-Adaptive {VM} Consolidation Strategy
                 Using Dynamic Multi-Thresholds in {IaaS} Clouds",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "52",
  day =          "13",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi10060052",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:00 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/10/6/52",
  abstract =     "With the rapid development of cloud computing, the
                 demand for infrastructure resources in cloud data
                 centers has further increased, which has already led to
                 enormous amounts of energy costs. Virtual machine (VM)
                 consolidation as one of the important techniques in
                 Infrastructure as a Service clouds (IaaS) can help
                 resolve energy consumption by reducing the number of
                 active physical machines (PMs). However, the necessity
                 of considering energy-efficiency and the obligation of
                 providing high quality of service (QoS) to customers is
                 a trade-off, as aggressive consolidation may lead to
                 performance degradation. Moreover, most of the existing
                 works of threshold-based VM consolidation strategy are
                 mainly focused on single CPU utilization, although the
                 resource request on different VMs are very diverse.
                 This paper proposes a novel self-adaptive VM
                 consolidation strategy based on dynamic
                 multi-thresholds (DMT) for PM selection, which can be
                 dynamically adjusted by considering future utilization
                 on multi-dimensional resources of CPU, RAM and
                 Bandwidth. Besides, the VM selection and placement
                 algorithm of VM consolidation are also improved by
                 utilizing each multi-dimensional parameter in DMT. The
                 experiments show that our proposed strategy has a
                 better performance than other strategies, not only in
                 high QoS but also in less energy consumption. In
                 addition, the advantage of its reduction on the number
                 of active hosts is much more obvious, especially when
                 it is under extreme workloads.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Xu:2018:DES,
  author =       "Yu Xu and Jianguo Yao and Yaozu Dong and Kun Tian and
                 Xiao Zheng and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "{Demon}: an Efficient Solution for on-Device {MMU}
                 Virtualization in Mediated Pass-Through",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "57--70",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3296975.3186416",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Memory Management Units (MMUs) for on-device address
                 translation are widely used in modern devices. However,
                 conventional solutions for on-device MMU
                 virtualization, such as shadow page table implemented
                 in mediated pass-through, still suffer from high
                 complexity and low performance. We present Demon, an
                 efficient solution for on-DEvice MMU virtualizatiON in
                 mediated pass-through. The key insight is that Demon
                 takes advantage of IOMMU to construct a two-dimensional
                 address translation and dynamically switches the
                 2nd-dimensional page table to a proper candidate when
                 the device owner switches. In order to support
                 fine-grained parallelism for the device with multiple
                 engines, we put forward a hardware proposal that
                 separates the address space of each engine and enables
                 simultaneous device address remapping for multiple
                 virtual machines (VMs). We implement Demon with a
                 prototype named gDemon which virtualizes Intel GPU MMU.
                 Nonetheless, Demon is not limited to this particular
                 case. Evaluations show that gDemon provides up to
                 19.73x better performance in the media transcoding
                 workloads and achieves performance improvement of up to
                 17.09\% and 13.73\% in the 2D benchmarks and 3D
                 benchmarks, respectively, compared with gVirt. The
                 current release of gDemon scales up to 6 VMs with
                 moderate performance in our experiments. In addition,
                 gDemon simplifies the implementation of GPU MMU
                 virtualization with 37\% code reduction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "VEE '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Xu:2018:EVC,
  author =       "Xinping Xu and Wenxin Li and Heng Qi and Keqiu Li",
  title =        "On efficient virtual cluster scaling across
                 geo-distributed data centers",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4383",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 4 10:03:14 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpe.4383",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
}

@Article{Xu:2018:IAV,
  author =       "Heyang Xu and Yang Liu and Wei Wei and Wenqiang
                 Zhang",
  title =        "Incentive-aware virtual machine scheduling in cloud
                 computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "3016--3038",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2349-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:13 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-018-2349-y.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Xu:2018:MVM,
  author =       "Chuan Xu and Wenqiang Jin and Xinheng Wang and Guofeng
                 Zhao and Shui Yu",
  title =        "{MC-VAP}: a multi-connection virtual access point for
                 high performance software-defined wireless networks",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "122",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "88--98",
  day =          "15",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 14:16:27 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804518302662",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Xue:2018:SGV,
  author =       "Mochi Xue and Jiacheng Ma and Wentai Li and Kun Tian
                 and Yaozu Dong and Jinyu Wu and Zhengwei Qi and
                 Bingsheng He and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "Scalable {GPU} Virtualization with Dynamic Sharing of
                 Graphics Memory Space",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1823--1836",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2789883",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 25 09:07:14 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2018/08/08247267-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Yan:2018:HTC,
  author =       "Zi Yan and J{\'a}n Vesel{\'y} and Guilherme Cox and
                 Abhishek Bhattacharjee",
  title =        "Hardware Translation Coherence for Virtualized
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "57--70",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3273982.3273988",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 11:56:03 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "To improve system performance, operating systems
                 (OSes) often undertake activities that require
                 modification of virtual-to-physical address
                 translations. For example, the OS may migrate data
                 between physical pages to manage heterogeneous memory
                 devices. We refer to such activities as page
                 remappings. Unfortunately, page remappings are
                 expensive. We show that a big part of this cost arises
                 from address translation coherence, particularly on
                 systems employing virtualization. In response, we
                 propose hardware translation invalidation and coherence
                 or HATRIC, a readily implementable hardware mechanism
                 to piggyback translation coherence atop existing cache
                 coherence protocols. We perform detailed studies using
                 KVM-based virtualization, showing that HATRIC achieves
                 up to 30\% performance and 10\% energy benefits, for
                 per-CPU area overheads of 0.2\%. We also quantify
                 HATRIC's benefits on systems running Xen and find up to
                 33\% performance improvements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Yang:2018:CVG,
  author =       "Chao-Tung Yang and Shuo-Tsung Chen and Yu-Sheng Lo and
                 Endah Kristiani and Yu-Wei Chan",
  title =        "On construction of a virtual {GPU} cluster with
                 {InfiniBand} and {10 Gb Ethernet} virtualization",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "6876--6897",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2484-5",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:10 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/74/12;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Yao:2018:SSG,
  author =       "Zhihao Yao and Zongheng Ma and Yingtong Liu and
                 Ardalan Amiri Sani and Aparna Chandramowlishwaran",
  title =        "{Sugar}: Secure {GPU} Acceleration in {Web} Browsers",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "519--534",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3296957.3173186",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Modern personal computers have embraced increasingly
                 powerful Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Recently,
                 GPU-based graphics acceleration in web apps (i.e.,
                 applications running inside a web browser) has become
                 popular. WebGL is the main effort to provide
                 OpenGL-like graphics for web apps and it is currently
                 used in 53\% of the top-100 websites. Unfortunately,
                 WebGL has posed serious security concerns as several
                 attack vectors have been demonstrated through WebGL.
                 Web browsers' solutions to these attacks have been
                 reactive: discovered vulnerabilities have been patched
                 and new runtime security checks have been added.
                 Unfortunately, this approach leaves the system
                 vulnerable to zero-day vulnerability exploits,
                 especially given the large size of the Trusted
                 Computing Base of the graphics plane. We present Sugar,
                 a novel operating system solution that enhances the
                 security of GPU acceleration for web apps by design.
                 The key idea behind Sugar is using a dedicated virtual
                 graphics plane for a web app by leveraging modern GPU
                 virtualization solutions. A virtual graphics plane
                 consists of a dedicated virtual GPU (or vGPU) as well
                 as all the software graphics stack (including the
                 device driver). Sugar enhances the system security
                 since a virtual graphics plane is fully isolated from
                 the rest of the system. Despite GPU virtualization
                 overhead, we show that Sugar achieves high performance.
                 Moreover, unlike current systems, Sugar is able to use
                 two underlying physical GPUs, when available, to
                 co-render the User Interface (UI): one GPU is used to
                 provide virtual graphics planes for web apps and the
                 other to provide the primary graphics plane for the
                 rest of the system. Such a design not only provides
                 strong security guarantees, it also provides enhanced
                 performance isolation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Yi:2018:CSN,
  author =       "Bo Yi and Xingwei Wang and Keqin Li and Sajal K. Das
                 and Min Huang",
  title =        "A comprehensive survey of {Network Function
                 Virtualization}",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "133",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "212--262",
  day =          "14",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.01.021",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 21 15:18:20 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618300306",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Yousefipour:2018:ECA,
  author =       "Amin Yousefipour and Amir Masoud Rahmani and Mohsen
                 Jahanshahi",
  title =        "Energy and cost-aware virtual machine consolidation in
                 cloud computing",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1758--1774",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2585",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 6 16:49:42 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "26 April 2018",
  remark =       "Special issue on metaheuristics in cloud computing.",
}

@Article{Yuan:2018:ASP,
  author =       "Xingliang Yuan and Huayi Duan and Cong Wang",
  title =        "Assuring String Pattern Matching in Outsourced
                 Middleboxes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1362--1375",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2822837",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 18 05:31:01 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/string-matching.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Modern enterprise networks heavily rely on the
                 ubiquitous network middleboxes for advanced traffic
                 processing functions. Recent advances in software
                 packet processing and virtualization technologies are
                 further pushing forward the paradigm of migrating
                 middleboxes to third-party providers, e.g., clouds and
                 ISPs, as virtualized services, with well-understood
                 benefits on reduced maintenance cost and increased
                 service scalability. Despite promising, outsourcing
                 middleboxes raises new security challenges. Among
                 others, this new service eliminates the enterprise's
                 direct control on outsourced network functions.
                 Mechanisms assuring that those middleboxes consistently
                 perform network functions as intended currently do not
                 exist. In this paper, we propose the first practical
                 system that enables runtime execution assurances of
                 outsourced middleboxes with high confidence, helping
                 enterprises to extend their visibility into untrusted
                 service providers. As an initial effort, we target on
                 pattern matching-based network functions, which cover a
                 broad class of middlebox applications, such as
                 instruction detection, Web firewall, and traffic
                 classification. Our design follows the roadmap of
                 probabilistic checking mechanisms that provide a
                 tunable level of assurance, as in cloud and distributed
                 computing literature. We show how to synthesize this
                 design intuition in the context of outsourced
                 middleboxes and the dynamic network effect.
                 Specifically, we present diligent technical
                 instantiations in the cases of the single middlebox and
                 the composition i.e., service chaining. We deploy our
                 designs into off-the-shelf middlebox outsourcing
                 architectures with full-fledged implementation on the
                 click modular router. Evaluations demonstrate that high
                 assurance levels are achieved by pre-processing only a
                 few packets with marginal overhead.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Zha:2018:LSM,
  author =       "Yue Zha and Jing Li",
  title =        "{Liquid Silicon-Monona}: a Reconfigurable
                 Memory-Oriented Computing Fabric with Scalable
                 Multi-Context Support",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "214--228",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3296957.3173167",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 14:12:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "With the recent trend of promoting Field-Programmable
                 Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to first-class citizens in
                 accelerating compute-intensive applications in
                 networking, cloud services and artificial intelligence,
                 FPGAs face two major challenges in sustaining
                 competitive advantages in performance and energy
                 efficiency for diverse cloud workloads: (1) limited
                 configuration capability for supporting light-weight
                 computations/on-chip data storage to accelerate
                 emerging search-/data-intensive applications. (2) lack
                 of architectural support to hide reconfiguration
                 overhead for assisting virtualization in a cloud
                 computing environment. In this paper, we propose a
                 reconfigurable memory-oriented computing fabric, namely
                 Liquid Silicon-Monona (L-Si), enabled by emerging
                 nonvolatile memory technology i.e. RRAM, to address
                 these two challenges. Specifically, L-Si addresses the
                 first challenge by virtue of a new architecture
                 comprising a 2D array of physically identical but
                 functionally-configurable building blocks. It, for the
                 first time, extends the configuration capabilities of
                 existing FPGAs from computation to the whole spectrum
                 ranging from computation to data storage. It allows
                 users to better customize hardware by flexibly
                 partitioning hardware resources between computation and
                 memory, greatly benefiting emerging search- and
                 data-intensive applications. To address the second
                 challenge, L-Si provides scalable multi-context
                 architectural support to minimize reconfiguration
                 overhead for assisting virtualization. In addition, we
                 provide compiler support to facilitate the programming
                 of applications written in high-level programming
                 languages (e.g. OpenCL) and frameworks (e.g.
                 TensorFlow, MapReduce) while fully exploiting the
                 unique architectural capability of L-Si. Our evaluation
                 results show L-Si achieves 99.6\% area reduction, 1.43$
                 \times $ throughput improvement and 94.0\% power
                 reduction on search-intensive benchmarks, as compared
                 with the FPGA baseline. For neural network benchmarks,
                 on average, L-Si achieves 52.3$ \times $ speedup,
                 113.9$ \times $ energy reduction and 81\% area
                 reduction over the FPGA baseline. In addition, the
                 multi-context architecture of L-Si reduces the context
                 switching time to --- 10ns, compared with an
                 off-the-shelf FPGA (~100ms), greatly facilitating
                 virtualization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J706",
  remark =       "ASPLOS '18 proceedings.",
}

@Article{Zhan:2018:HPV,
  author =       "Dongyang Zhan and Lin Ye and Hongli Zhang and Binxing
                 Fang and Huhua Li and Yang Liu and Xiaojiang Du and
                 Mohsen Guizani",
  title =        "A high-performance virtual machine filesystem monitor
                 in cloud-assisted cognitive {IoT}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "88",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "209--219",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.05.055",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 18 14:07:58 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18304394",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Zhang:2018:DIV,
  author =       "Tianwei Zhang and Ruby B. Lee",
  title =        "Design, Implementation and Verification of Cloud
                 Architecture for Monitoring a Virtual Machine's
                 Security Health",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "799--815",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2780823",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 10 07:36:40 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8169039/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Zhang:2018:LFV,
  author =       "Fei Zhang and Xiaoming Fu and Ramin Yahyapour",
  title =        "{LayerMover}: Fast virtual machine migration over
                 {WAN} with three-layer image structure",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "83",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "37--49",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 15 17:42:39 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1630797X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Zhao:2018:FFI,
  author =       "Siqi Zhao and Xuhua Ding",
  title =        "{FIMCE}: A Fully Isolated Micro-Computing Environment
                 for Multicore Systems",
  journal =      j-TOPS,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15:1--15:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3195181",
  ISSN =         "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3195181",
  abstract =     "Virtualization-based memory isolation has been widely
                 used as a security primitive in various security
                 systems to counter kernel-level attacks. In this
                 article, our in-depth analysis on this primitive shows
                 that its security is significantly undermined in the
                 multicore setting when other hardware resources for
                 computing are not enclosed within the isolation
                 boundary. We thus propose to construct a fully isolated
                 micro-computing environment (FIMCE) as a new primitive.
                 By virtue of its architectural niche, FIMCE not only
                 offers stronger security assurance than its
                 predecessor, but also features a flexible and
                 composable environment with support for peripheral
                 device isolation, thus greatly expanding the scope of
                 applications. In addition, FIMCE can be integrated with
                 recent technologies such as Intel Software Guard
                 Extensions (SGX) to attain even stronger security
                 guarantees. We have built a prototype of FIMCE with a
                 bare-metal hypervisor. To show the benefits of using
                 FIMCE as a building block, we have also implemented
                 four applications which are difficult to construct
                 using the existing memory isolation method. Experiments
                 with these applications demonstrate that FIMCE imposes
                 less than 1\% overhead on single-threaded applications,
                 while the maximum performance loss on multithreaded
                 applications is bounded by the degree of parallelism at
                 the processor level.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
  journal-URL =  "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}

@Article{Zhao:2018:PAP,
  author =       "Hui Zhao and Jing Wang and Feng Liu and Quan Wang and
                 Weizhan Zhang and Qinghua Zheng",
  title =        "Power-Aware and Performance-Guaranteed Virtual Machine
                 Placement in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1385--1400",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2794369",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 10 07:22:57 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2018/06/08259446-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Zhou:2018:DNA,
  author =       "Hang Zhou and Qing Li and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo and
                 Hai Zhu",
  title =        "{DADTA}: a novel adaptive strategy for energy and
                 performance efficient virtual machine consolidation",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "121",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "53--70",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2018.06.011",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 13 14:34:44 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731518304520",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Zhou:2018:SFC,
  author =       "Ruiting Zhou and Zongpeng Li and Chuan Wu",
  title =        "Scheduling Frameworks for Cloud Container Services",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "436--450",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2017.2781200",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 19 11:27:04 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Compared with traditional virtual machines, cloud
                 containers are more flexible and lightweight, emerging
                 as the new norm of cloud resource provisioning. We
                 exploit this new algorithm design space, and propose
                 scheduling frameworks for cloud container services. Our
                 offline and online schedulers permit partial execution,
                 and allow a job to specify its job deadline, desired
                 cloud containers, and inter-container dependence
                 relations. We leverage the following classic and new
                 techniques in our scheduling algorithm design. First,
                 we apply the compact-exponential technique to express
                 and handle nonconventional scheduling constraints.
                 Second, we adopt the primal-dual framework that
                 determines the primal solution based on its dual
                 constraints in both the offline and online algorithms.
                 The offline scheduling algorithm includes a new
                 separation oracle to separate violated dual
                 constraints, and works in concert with the randomized
                 rounding technique to provide a near-optimal solution.
                 The online scheduling algorithm leverages the online
                 primal-dual framework with a learning-based scheme for
                 obtaining dual solutions. Both theoretical analysis and
                 trace-driven simulations validate that our scheduling
                 frameworks are computationally efficient and achieve
                 close-to-optimal aggregate job valuation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Zhou:2018:VMM,
  author =       "Zhou Zhou and Junyang Yu and Fangmin Li and Fei Yang",
  title =        "Virtual machine migration algorithm for energy
                 efficiency optimization in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "e4942:1--e4942:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4942",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 08:07:53 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "30 August 2018",
}

@Article{Ziafat:2018:OSV,
  author =       "Hassan Ziafat and Seyed Morteza Babamir",
  title =        "Optimal selection of {VMs} for resource task
                 scheduling in geographically distributed clouds using
                 fuzzy c-mean and {MOLP}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1820--1846",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2601",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 6 16:49:42 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "04 July 2018",
  remark =       "Special issue on metaheuristics in cloud computing.",
}

@Article{Abeni:2019:HSR,
  author =       "Luca Abeni and Alessandro Biondi and Enrico Bini",
  title =        "Hierarchical scheduling of real-time tasks over
                 {Linux}-based virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "149",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "234--249",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2018.12.008",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 16:35:05 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016412121830270X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Agarwal:2019:SVM,
  author =       "Amit Agarwal and Ta Nguyen Binh Duong",
  title =        "Secure virtual machine placement in cloud data
                 centers",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "100",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "210--222",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.05.005",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:01 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18326116",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Ahmed:2019:ILT,
  author =       "Jawad Ahmed and Aqsa Malik and Muhammad U. Ilyas and
                 Jalal S. Alowibdi",
  title =        "Instance launch-time analysis of {OpenStack}
                 virtualization technologies with control plane network
                 errors",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "101",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "989--1014",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-018-0626-5",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 6 09:05:35 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/101/8;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Al-Rahayfeh:2019:NAT,
  author =       "Amer Al-Rahayfeh and Saleh Atiewi and Abdullah
                 Abuhussein and Muder Almiani",
  title =        "Novel Approach to Task Scheduling and Load Balancing
                 Using the Dominant Sequence Clustering and Mean Shift
                 Clustering Algorithms",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "109",
  day =          "08",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11050109",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:06 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/5/109",
  abstract =     "Cloud computing (CC) is fast-growing and frequently
                 adopted in information technology (IT) environments due
                 to the benefits it offers. Task scheduling and load
                 balancing are amongst the hot topics in the realm of
                 CC. To overcome the shortcomings of the existing task
                 scheduling and load balancing approaches, we propose a
                 novel approach that uses dominant sequence clustering
                 (DSC) for task scheduling and a weighted least
                 connection (WLC) algorithm for load balancing. First,
                 users' tasks are clustered using the DSC algorithm,
                 which represents user tasks as graph of one or more
                 clusters. After task clustering, each task is ranked
                 using Modified Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time
                 (MHEFT) algorithm. where the highest priority task is
                 scheduled first. Afterwards, virtual machines (VM) are
                 clustered using a mean shift clustering (MSC) algorithm
                 using kernel functions. Load balancing is subsequently
                 performed using a WLC algorithm, which distributes the
                 load based on server weight and capacity as well as
                 client connectivity to server. A highly weighted or
                 least connected server is selected for task allocation,
                 which in turn increases the response time. Finally, we
                 evaluate the proposed architecture using metrics such
                 as response time, makespan, resource utilization, and
                 service reliability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Cloud Computing and Internet of
                 Things.",
}

@Article{Alaluna:2019:SMC,
  author =       "Max Alaluna and Eric Vial and Nuno Neves and Fernando
                 M. V. Ramos",
  title =        "Secure Multi-Cloud Network Virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "161",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "45--60",
  day =          "9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 17:19:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618312155",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Aldossary:2019:EAC,
  author =       "Mohammad Aldossary and Karim Djemame and Ibrahim
                 Alzamil and Alexandros Kostopoulos and Antonis Dimakis
                 and Eleni Agiatzidou",
  title =        "Energy-aware cost prediction and pricing of virtual
                 machines in cloud computing environments",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "442--459",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.10.027",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 08:15:52 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18310288",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Asvija:2019:SHA,
  author =       "B. Asvija and R. Eswari and M. B. Bijoy",
  title =        "Security in hardware assisted virtualization for cloud
                 computing --- state of the art issues and challenges",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "151",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "68--92",
  day =          "14",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.01.013",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 12 06:31:10 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618302998",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Atzori:2019:SCI,
  author =       "L. Atzori and J. L. Bellido and R. Bolla and G.
                 Genovese and A. Iera and A. Jara and C. Lombardo and G.
                 Morabito",
  title =        "{SDN\&NFV} contribution to {IoT} objects
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "149",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "200--212",
  day =          "11",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.11.030",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 16:29:25 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618312933",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Basu:2019:LYG,
  author =       "D. Basu and X. Wang and Y. Hong and H. Chen and S.
                 Bressan",
  title =        "Learn-as-you-go with {Megh}: Efficient Live Migration
                 of Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1786--1801",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2893648",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 06:09:58 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "cloud computing; Cloud computing; cloud providers;
                 Clustering algorithms; computer centres; data centers;
                 Data centers; energy efficiency; function
                 approximation; functional approximation scheme;
                 heterogeneous workloads; Heuristic algorithms;
                 heuristics-based algorithms; Knowledge based systems;
                 knowledge-based algorithms; learning (artificial
                 intelligence); live migration; Markov decision process;
                 Markov processes; Megh models; migration decision;
                 online reinforcement learning algorithm; performance
                 efficiency; reinforcement learning; resource
                 allocation; Resource management; resource management;
                 resources allocation; virtual machine; virtual
                 machines; Virtual machining",
}

@Article{Baumann:2019:VSL,
  author =       "Christoph Baumann and Oliver Schwarz and Mads Dam",
  title =        "On the verification of system-level information flow
                 properties for virtualized execution platforms",
  journal =      j-J-CRYPTO-ENG,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "243--261",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-019-00216-4",
  ISSN =         "2190-8508 (print), 2190-8516 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2190-8508",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 2 11:24:52 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcryptoeng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13389-019-00216-4;
                 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-019-00216-4.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Cryptographic Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/13389",
}

@Article{Benmakrelouf:2019:RNP,
  author =       "Souhila Benmakrelouf and Nadjia Kara and Hanine Tout
                 and Rafi Rabipour and Claes Edstrom",
  title =        "Resource needs prediction in virtualized systems:
                 {Generic} proactive and self-adaptive solution",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "148",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102443",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:31 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804519303030",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102443",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Berglund:2019:MSJ,
  author =       "Lasse Berglund and Cyrille Artho",
  title =        "Method summaries for {JPF}",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--16",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3364452.33644560",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 24 14:07:40 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3364452.33644560",
  abstract =     "Java Pathfinder (JPF) is a virtual machine executing
                 Java byte-code that is able to perform model checking
                 using backtracking execution. Due to backtracking,
                 parts of a program may be executed multiple times
                 during model checking. Hence, we explore \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigsoft",
}

@Article{Bermejo:2019:VCS,
  author =       "Belen Bermejo and Carlos Juiz and Carlos Guerrero",
  title =        "Virtualization and consolidation: a systematic review
                 of the past 10 years of research on energy and
                 performance",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "808--836",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2613-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:16 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Bertolazzi:2019:MED,
  author =       "Marco Bertolazzi and Carlo Caini",
  title =        "{Mars} to {Earth} Data Downloading: a Directory
                 Synchronization Approach",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "173",
  day =          "08",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11080173",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:07 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/8/173",
  abstract =     "This paper aims to present a possible alternative to
                 direct file transfer in ``challenged networks'', by
                 using DTNbox, a recent application for peer-to-peer
                 directory synchronization between DTN nodes. This
                 application uses the Bundle Protocol (BP) to tackle
                 long delays and link intermittency typical of
                 challenged networks. The directory synchronization
                 approach proposed in the paper consists of delegating
                 the transmission of bulk data files to DTNbox, instead
                 of modifying source applications to interface with the
                 API of a specific BP implementation, or making use of
                 custom scripts for file transfers. The validity of the
                 proposed approach is investigated in the paper by
                 considering a Mars to Earth interplanetary environment.
                 Experiments are carried out by means of Virtual
                 Machines running ION, the NASA-JPL implementation of
                 DTN protocols. The results show that the directory
                 synchronization approach is a valid alternative to
                 direct transfer in interplanetary scenarios such as
                 that considered in the paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Delay-Tolerant Networking.",
}

@Article{Bonfim:2019:INS,
  author =       "Michel S. Bonfim and Kelvin L. Dias and Stenio F. L.
                 Fernandes",
  title =        "Integrated {NFV\slash SDN} Architectures: a Systematic
                 Literature Review",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "114:1--114:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3172866",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:36 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3172866",
  abstract =     "Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and
                 Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are new paradigms in
                 the move towards open software and network hardware.
                 While NFV aims to virtualize network functions and
                 deploy them into general purpose hardware, SDN makes
                 networks programmable by separating the control and
                 data planes. NFV and SDN are complementary technologies
                 capable of providing one network solution. SDN can
                 provide connectivity between Virtual Network Functions
                 (VNFs) in a flexible and automated way, whereas NFV can
                 use SDN as part of a service function chain. There are
                 many studies designing NFV/SDN architectures in
                 different environments. Researchers have been trying to
                 address reliability, performance, and scalability
                 problems using different architectural designs. This
                 Systematic Literature Review (SLR) focuses on
                 integrated NFV/SDN architectures, with the following
                 goals: (i) to investigate and provide an in-depth
                 review of the state of the art of NFV/SDN
                 architectures, (ii) to synthesize their architectural
                 designs, and (iii) to identify areas for further
                 improvements. Broadly, this SLR will encourage
                 researchers to advance the current stage of development
                 (i.e., the state of the practice) of integrated NFV/SDN
                 architectures and shed some light on future research
                 efforts and the challenges faced.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "114",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Bruschi:2019:AAF,
  author =       "Roberto Bruschi and Florin Ciucu and Thomas Zinner",
  title =        "Application areas and fundamental challenges in
                 {Network Functions Virtualization}",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "154",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "26--27",
  day =          "8",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.02.016",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 29 17:23:55 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128619302348",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Bulck:2019:BVM,
  author =       "J. {Van Bulck} and M. Minkin and O. Weisse and D.
                 Genkin and B. Kasikci and F. Piessens and M.
                 Silberstein and T. F. Wenisch and Y. Yarom and R.
                 Strackx",
  title =        "Breaking Virtual Memory Protection and the {SGX}
                 Ecosystem with Foreshadow",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "66--74",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.2019.2910104",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 25 15:33:44 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/mi/index.html",
  keywords =     "Ecosystems; foreshadow; Intel Software Guard
                 eXtensions; Kernel; Microarchitecture; physical memory;
                 Program processors; security guarantees; security of
                 data; SGX ecosystem; Side-channel attacks; software
                 architecture; speculative execution attack; trusted
                 computing; virtual machines; virtual memory protection;
                 virtualisation",
}

@Article{Celesti:2019:SCV,
  author =       "Antonio Celesti and Davide Mulfari and Antonino
                 Galletta and Maria Fazio and Lorenzo Carnevale and
                 Massimo Villari",
  title =        "A study on container virtualization for guarantee
                 quality of service in {Cloud-of-Things}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "99",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "356--364",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.03.055",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 16:09:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18325615",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Chari:2019:FRE,
  author =       "G. Chari and D. Garbervetsky and S. Marr and S.
                 Ducasse",
  title =        "Fully Reflective Execution Environments: Virtual
                 Machines for More Flexible Software",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "858--876",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IESEDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2018.2812715",
  ISSN =         "0098-5589 (print), 1939-3520 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-5589",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 19 10:48:08 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranssoftweng2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=32",
  keywords =     "dynamic adaptation; Memory management; metaobject
                 protocols; Reflection; Semantics; Shape; Software; Task
                 analysis; virtual machines; Virtual machining",
}

@Article{Chen:2019:GCE,
  author =       "H. Chen and X. Zhang and Y. Xu and J. Ren and J. Fan
                 and Z. Ma and W. Zhang",
  title =        "{T-Gaming}: A Cost-Efficient Cloud Gaming System at
                 Scale",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2849--2865",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2922205",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 19 09:20:35 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "adaptive real-time streaming; Cloud gaming;
                 cost-efficient; Encoding; Graphics processing units;
                 HVS-based compression; Quality of experience; Streaming
                 media; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Chen:2019:PPF,
  author =       "L. Chen and Y. Feng and B. Li and B. Li",
  title =        "{Promenade}: Proportionally Fair Multipath Rate
                 Control in Datacenter Networks with Random Network
                 Coding",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2536--2546",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2915638",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 19 09:20:35 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "Bandwidth; bandwidth allocation; bandwidth allocation
                 protocol; communicating virtual machines; computer
                 centres; computer networks; convex optimization
                 problem; convex programming; datacenter networks;
                 Datacenter networks; datacenter topologies; equal-cost
                 paths; fairness; Load management; Mininet testbed;
                 multipath rate control; Network coding; network coding;
                 Network topology; packet reordering; Promenade;
                 proportionally fair multipath rate control; Protocols;
                 random codes; random network coding; Receivers;
                 resource allocation; routing protocols; splitting
                 flows; TCP; telecommunication control;
                 telecommunication network topology; Topology; transport
                 protocols; virtual machines; weighted proportional
                 fairness",
}

@Article{Cocana-Fernandez:2019:IEE,
  author =       "Alberto Coca{\~n}a-Fern{\'a}ndez and Julio
                 Rodr{\'{\i}}guez-Soares and Luciano S{\'a}nchez and
                 Jos{\'e} Ranilla",
  title =        "Improving the energy efficiency of virtual data
                 centers in an {IT} service provider through proactive
                 fuzzy rules-based multicriteria decision making",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1078--1093",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2301-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:18 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{DeBenedictis:2019:IVD,
  author =       "Marco {De Benedictis} and Antonio Lioy",
  title =        "Integrity verification of {Docker} containers for a
                 lightweight cloud environment",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "97",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "236--246",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 16:09:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18327201",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Demirci:2019:OPV,
  author =       "Sedef Demirci and Seref Sagiroglu",
  title =        "Optimal placement of virtual network functions in
                 software defined networks: a survey",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "147",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102424",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:30 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804519302760",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102424",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Dong:2019:ACM,
  author =       "Ying Dong and Zhou Lei",
  title =        "An Access Control Model for Preventing Virtual Machine
                 Hopping Attack",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "82",
  day =          "26",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11030082",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:05 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/3/82",
  abstract =     "As a new type of service computing model, cloud
                 computing provides various services through the
                 Internet. Virtual machine (VM) hopping is a security
                 issue often encountered in the virtualization layer.
                 Once it occurs, it directly affects the reliability of
                 the entire computing platform. Therefore, we have
                 thoroughly studied the virtual machine hopping attack.
                 In addition, we designed the access control model PVMH
                 (Prevent VM hopping) to prevent VM hopping attacks
                 based on the BLP model and the Biba model. Finally, we
                 implemented the model on the Xen platform. The
                 experiments demonstrate that our PVMH module succeeds
                 in preventing VM hopping attack with acceptable loss to
                 virtual machine performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{DUrso:2019:WSS,
  author =       "Fabio D'Urso and Corrado Santoro and Federico Fausto
                 Santoro",
  title =        "{Wale}: a solution to share libraries in {Docker}
                 containers",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "100",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "513--522",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.03.049",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:01 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18327511",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Eramo:2019:ESR,
  author =       "Vincenzo Eramo and Francesco G. Lavacca and Tiziana
                 Catena and Marco Polverini and Antonio Cianfrani",
  title =        "Effectiveness of Segment Routing Technology in
                 Reducing the Bandwidth and Cloud Resources Provisioning
                 Times in Network Function Virtualization
                 Architectures",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "71",
  day =          "12",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11030071",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:05 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/3/71",
  abstract =     "Network Function Virtualization is a new technology
                 allowing for a elastic cloud and bandwidth resource
                 allocation. The technology requires an orchestrator
                 whose role is the service and resource orchestration.
                 It receives service requests, each one characterized by
                 a Service Function Chain, which is a set of service
                 functions to be executed according to a given order. It
                 implements an algorithm for deciding where both to
                 allocate the cloud and bandwidth resources and to route
                 the SFCs. In a traditional orchestration algorithm, the
                 orchestrator has a detailed knowledge of the cloud and
                 network infrastructures and that can lead to high
                 computational complexity of the SFC Routing and Cloud
                 and Bandwidth resource Allocation (SRCBA) algorithm. In
                 this paper, we propose and evaluate the effectiveness
                 of a scalable orchestration architecture inherited by
                 the one proposed within the European Telecommunications
                 Standards Institute (ETSI) and based on the functional
                 separation of an NFV orchestrator in Resource
                 Orchestrator (RO) and Network Service Orchestrator
                 (NSO). Each cloud domain is equipped with an RO whose
                 task is to provide a simple and abstract representation
                 of the cloud infrastructure. These representations are
                 notified of the NSO that can apply a simplified and
                 less complex SRCBA algorithm. In addition, we show how
                 the segment routing technology can help to simplify the
                 SFC routing by means of an effective addressing of the
                 service functions. The scalable orchestration solution
                 has been investigated and compared to the one of a
                 traditional orchestrator in some network scenarios and
                 varying the number of cloud domains. We have verified
                 that the execution time of the SRCBA algorithm can be
                 drastically reduced without degrading the performance
                 in terms of cloud and bandwidth resource costs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Software Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV).",
}

@Article{Farshin:2019:MKB,
  author =       "Alireza Farshin and Saeed Sharifian",
  title =        "A modified knowledge-based ant colony algorithm for
                 virtual machine placement and simultaneous routing of
                 {NFV} in distributed cloud architecture",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "5520--5550",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02804-x",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:21 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/8;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Ferreira:2019:DEV,
  author =       "Bruno Morais Ferreira and Britaldo Silveira
                 Soares-Filho and Fernando Magno Quint{\~a}o Pereira",
  title =        "The {Dinamica EGO} virtual machine",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "173",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "3--20",
  day =          "15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2018.02.002",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 15 10:57:37 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642318300455",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
}

@Article{Flatt:2019:RRC,
  author =       "Matthew Flatt and Caner Derici and R. Kent Dybvig and
                 Andrew W. Keep and Gustavo E. Massaccesi and Sarah
                 Spall and Sam Tobin-Hochstadt and Jon Zeppieri",
  title =        "Rebuilding {Racket} on {Chez Scheme} (experience
                 report)",
  journal =      j-PACMPL,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "ICFP",
  pages =        "78:1--78:15",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2019",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3341642",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 7 19:22:28 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmpl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3341642",
  abstract =     "We rebuilt Racket on Chez Scheme, and it works well
                 --- as long as we're allowed a few patches to Chez
                 Scheme. DrRacket runs, the Racket distribution can
                 build itself, and nearly all of the core Racket test
                 suite passes. Maintainability and performance of the
                 resulting implementation are good, although some work
                 remains to improve end-to-end performance. The least
                 predictable part of our effort was how big the
                 differences between Racket and Chez Scheme would turn
                 out to be and how we would manage those differences. We
                 expect Racket on Chez Scheme to become the main Racket
                 implementation, and we encourage other language
                 implementers to consider Chez Scheme as a target
                 virtual machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "78",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages",
  journal-URL =  "https://pacmpl.acm.org/",
}

@Article{Gec:2019:SAM,
  author =       "Sandi Gec and Dragi Kimovski and Uros Pascinski and
                 Radu Prodan and Vlado Stankovski",
  title =        "Semantic approach for multi-objective optimisation of
                 the {ENTICE} distributed {Virtual Machine} and
                 container images repository",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "e4264:1--e4264:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4264",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 08:07:55 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "30 August 2017",
}

@Article{Gerangelos:2019:EAS,
  author =       "Stefanos Gerangelos and Georgios Goumas and Nectarios
                 Koziris",
  title =        "Efficient accelerator sharing in virtualized
                 environments: a {Xeon Phi} use-case",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "150",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "37--50",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2018.12.029",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 15:44:55 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121218302863",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Gill:2019:TFD,
  author =       "Sukhpal Singh Gill and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "A Taxonomy and Future Directions for Sustainable Cloud
                 Computing: 360 Degree View",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "104:1--104:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3241038",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:36 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3241038",
  abstract =     "The cloud-computing paradigm offers on-demand services
                 over the Internet and supports a wide variety of
                 applications. With the recent growth of Internet of
                 Things (IoT)--based applications, the use of cloud
                 services is increasing exponentially. The next
                 generation of cloud computing must be energy efficient
                 and sustainable to fulfill end-user requirements, which
                 are changing dynamically. Presently, cloud providers
                 are facing challenges to ensure the energy efficiency
                 and sustainability of their services. The use of a
                 large number of cloud datacenters increases cost as
                 well as carbon footprints, which further affects the
                 sustainability of cloud services. In this article, we
                 propose a comprehensive taxonomy of sustainable cloud
                 computing. The taxonomy is used to investigate the
                 existing techniques for sustainability that need
                 careful attention and investigation as proposed by
                 several academic and industry groups. The current
                 research on sustainable cloud computing is organized
                 into several categories: application design,
                 sustainability metrics, capacity planning, energy
                 management, virtualization, thermal-aware scheduling,
                 cooling management, renewable energy, and waste heat
                 utilization. The existing techniques have been compared
                 and categorized based on common characteristics and
                 properties. A conceptual model for sustainable cloud
                 computing has been presented along with a discussion on
                 future research directions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "104",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Guo:2019:SSA,
  author =       "Wenxia Guo and Ping Kuang and Yaqiu Jiang and Xiang Xu
                 and Wenhong Tian",
  title =        "{SAVE}: self-adaptive consolidation of virtual
                 machines for energy efficiency of {CPU}-intensive
                 applications in the cloud",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "7076--7100",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02927-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:52 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Haidri:2019:CED,
  author =       "R. A. Haidri and C. P. Katti and P. C. Saxena",
  title =        "Cost-effective deadline-aware stochastic scheduling
                 strategy for workflow applications on virtual machines
                 in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "e5006:1--e5006:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5006",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 28 08:07:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "04 October 2018",
}

@Article{Han:2019:EED,
  author =       "Zhenhua Han and Haisheng Tan and Rui Wang and Guihai
                 Chen and Yupeng Li and Francis Chi Moon Lau",
  title =        "Energy-Efficient Dynamic Virtual Machine Management in
                 Data Centers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "344--360",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2019.2891787",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 20 18:15:50 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "Efficient virtual machine VM management can
                 dramatically reduce energy consumption in data centers.
                 Existing VM management algorithms fall into two
                 categories based on whether the VMs' resource demands
                 are assumed to be static or dynamic. The former
                 category fails to maximize the resource utilization as
                 they cannot adapt to the dynamic nature of VMs'
                 resource demands. Most approaches in the latter
                 category are heuristic and lack theoretical performance
                 guarantees. In this paper, we formulate the dynamic VM
                 management as a large-scale Markov decision process MDP
                 problem and derive an optimal solution. Our analysis of
                 real-world data traces supports our choice of the
                 modeling approach. However, solving the large-scale MDP
                 problem suffers from the curse of dimensionality.
                 Therefore, we further exploit the special structure of
                 the problem and propose an approximate MDP-based
                 dynamic VM management method, called MadVM. We prove
                 the convergence of MadVM and analyze the bound of its
                 approximation error. Moreover, we show that MadVM can
                 be implemented in a distributed system with at most two
                 times of the optimal migration cost. Extensive
                 simulations based on two real-world workload traces
                 show that MadVM achieves significant performance gains
                 over two existing baseline approaches in power
                 consumption, resource shortage, and the number of VM
                 migrations. Specifically, the more intensely the
                 resource demands fluctuate, the more MadVM
                 outperforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Han:2019:EJM,
  author =       "Seok-Hyeon Han and Hyun-Woo Kim and Young-Sik Jeong",
  title =        "An efficient job management of computing service using
                 integrated idle {VM} resources for high-performance
                 computing based on {OpenStack}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "4388--4407",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02769-x",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:21 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/8;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Hbaieb:2019:STV,
  author =       "Ameni Hbaieb and Mahdi Khemakhem and Maher {Ben
                 Jemaa}",
  title =        "A survey and taxonomy on virtual data center
                 embedding",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "6324--6360",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02854-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:16 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{He:2019:PEL,
  author =       "TianZhang He and Adel N. Toosi and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "Performance evaluation of live virtual machine
                 migration in {SDN}-enabled cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "131",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "55--68",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2019.04.014",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 10 07:36:16 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074373151830474X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Hejja:2019:EIT,
  author =       "Khaled Hejja and Xavier Hesselbach",
  title =        "Evaluating impacts of traffic migration and virtual
                 network functions consolidation on power aware resource
                 allocation algorithms",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "101",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "83--98",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.06.015",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:02 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X19304108",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Honda:2019:NWD,
  author =       "Hirotada Honda and Hiroshi Saito",
  title =        "Nation-Wide Disaster Avoidance Control Against Heavy
                 Rain",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1084--1097",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2019.2911234",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 2 08:29:26 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper proposes an algorithm for disaster
                 avoidance control against heavy rainfall. According to
                 weather information, the algorithm reconfigures a
                 logical network slice, including the migration of
                 virtual machines VMs, to avoid disasters. It was
                 applied to a nationwide network of 105 nodes and 140
                 edges, including cases with more than 10 000 slices.
                 Through numerical simulations using actual data of
                 rainfall that caused significant damage in Japan, we
                 found that the probability of service disruption under
                 the proposed control with suitable parameter settings
                 is 10\%--30\% of that without control, on average. Our
                 proposed control experimental system is implemented by
                 using the software-defined network technology. It can
                 migrate VMs and estimates VM migration time to
                 determine how many VMs should be migrated. By using the
                 experimental system, we found that the control interval
                 has an optimal value, which depends on the management
                 system processing capacity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Ilager:2019:EET,
  author =       "Shashikant Ilager and Kotagiri Ramamohanarao and
                 Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "{ETAS}: Energy and thermal-aware dynamic virtual
                 machine consolidation in cloud data center with
                 proactive hotspot mitigation",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "e5221:1--e5221:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5221",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 12 11:00:05 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "03 April 2019",
}

@Article{IT:2019:PDI,
  author =       "{Island of \TeX}",
  title =        "Providing {Docker} images for {{\TeX{} Live}} and
                 {\ConTeXt}",
  journal =      j-TUGboat,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "231--231",
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0896-3207",
  ISSN-L =       "0896-3207",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 11 11:15:21 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tugboat.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-3/tb126island-docker.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "TUGboat",
  issue =        "126",
  journal-URL =  "https://tug.org/TUGboat/",
  remark =       "Advanced{\Dash}supporting continuous integration with
                 a variety of Docker images.",
}

@Article{Izquierdo:2019:SDA,
  author =       "D. Izquierdo and J. M. Gonzalez-Barahona and L. Kurth
                 and G. Robles",
  title =        "Software Development Analytics for {Xen}: Why and
                 How",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "28--32",
  month =        may # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2018.290101357",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 1937-4194 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 2 09:25:48 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
  keywords =     "computing Mil; Ecosystems; IT companies; Management of
                 Computing and Information Systems; measurement;
                 metrics; Object recognition; process metrics; Software;
                 software development analytics; Software development
                 management; software engineering; Software Engineering;
                 Software maintenance; Software management; Software
                 measurement; virtual machines; virtualisation;
                 Virtualization; virtualization technologies; xen",
}

@Article{Jain:2019:NNA,
  author =       "S. Jain and A. Ankit and I. Chakraborty and T. Gokmen
                 and M. Rasch and W. Haensch and K. Roy and A.
                 Raghunathan",
  title =        "Neural network accelerator design with resistive
                 crossbars: Opportunities and challenges",
  journal =      j-IBM-JRD,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "10:1--10:13",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IBMJAE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2019.2947011",
  ISSN =         "0018-8646 (print), 2151-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-8646",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 20 18:12:12 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ibmjrd.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5288520",
  keywords =     "Encoding; Hardware; Performance evaluation;
                 Programming; Task analysis; Training; Virtual machine
                 monitors",
}

@Article{Jiang:2019:BSR,
  author =       "Zhe Jiang and Neil Audsley and Pan Dong",
  title =        "{BlueIO}: a Scalable Real-Time Hardware {I/O}
                 Virtualization System for Many-core Embedded Systems",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3309765",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 17 18:16:43 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3309765",
  abstract =     "In safety-critical systems, time predictability is
                 vital. This extends to I/O operations that require
                 predictability, timing-accuracy, parallel access,
                 scalability, and isolation. Currently, existing
                 approaches cannot achieve all these requirements at the
                 same time. In this article, we propose a framework of
                 hardware framework for real-time I/O
                 virtualization-termed BlueIO -to meet all these
                 requirements simultaneously. BlueIO integrates the
                 functionalities of I/O virtualization, low-layer I/O
                 drivers, and a clock cycle level timing-accurate I/O
                 controller (using the GPIOCP [36]). BlueIO provides
                 this functionality in the hardware layer, supporting
                 abstract virtualized access to I/O from the software
                 domain. The hardware implementation includes I/O
                 virtualization and I/O drivers, provides isolation and
                 parallel (concurrent) access to I/O operations, and
                 improves I/O performance. Furthermore, the approach
                 includes the previously proposed GPIOCP to guarantee
                 that I/O operations will occur at a specific clock
                 cycle (i.e., be timing-accurate and predictable). In
                 this article, we present a hardware consumption
                 analysis of BlueIO to show that it linearly scales with
                 the number of CPUs and I/O devices, which is evidenced
                 by our implementation in VLSI and FPGA. We also
                 describe the design and implementation of BlueIO and
                 demonstrate how a BlueIO-based system can be exploited
                 to meet real-time requirements with significant
                 improvements in I/O performance and a low running cost
                 on different OSs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
}

@Article{Karn:2019:DAA,
  author =       "R. R. Karn and P. Kudva and I. A. M. Elfadel",
  title =        "Dynamic Autoselection and Autotuning of Machine
                 Learning Models for Cloud Network Analytics",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1052--1064",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2876844",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 06:09:58 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
  keywords =     "automatic ML model selection; autoscaling method;
                 autoselection; autotuning; classification; Cloud
                 analytics; cloud computing; Cloud computing; cloud
                 DevOps; Cloud DevOps architecture; Cloud network
                 analytics; Cloud network monitoring data; cloud network
                 security datasets; clustering; Computational modeling;
                 container orchestration; Containers; containers; data
                 analysis; Data models; data space; decision feedback;
                 distributed learning; docker; dynamic autoselection;
                 dynamic model selection; EML method; ensemble learning;
                 Ensemble ML method; excessive computational resources;
                 Kafka; machine learning; Machine learning; Machine
                 learning algorithms; machine learning models; ML
                 algorithms; ML models; novel cloud methodology;
                 software architecture; targeted supervised learning
                 models; time-consuming model-building process; Tuning;
                 unsupervised learning",
}

@Article{Khan:2019:TEX,
  author =       "Minhaj Ahmad Khan",
  title =        "Towards efficient {XML} parsing through minimization
                 of {JVM} parameter space",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "3693--3711",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2721-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:20 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kirova:2019:IMV,
  author =       "Veronika Kirova and Kirill Karpov and Eduard Siemens
                 and Irina Zander and Oksana Vasylenko and Dmitry Kachan
                 and Sergii Maksymov",
  title =        "Impact of Modern Virtualization Methods on Timing
                 Precision and Performance of High-Speed Applications",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "179",
  day =          "16",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11080179",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:07 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/8/179",
  abstract =     "The presented work is a result of extended research
                 and analysis on timing methods precision, their
                 efficiency in different virtual environments and the
                 impact of timing precision on the performance of
                 high-speed networks applications. We investigated how
                 timer hardware is shared among heavily CPU- and
                 I/O-bound tasks on a virtualized OS as well as on bare
                 OS. By replacing the invoked timing methods within a
                 well-known application for estimation of available path
                 bandwidth, we provide the analysis of their impact on
                 estimation accuracy. We show that timer overhead and
                 precision are crucial for high-performance network
                 applications, and low-precision timing methods usage,
                 e.g., the delays and overheads issued by virtualization
                 result in the degradation of the virtual environment.
                 Furthermore, in this paper, we provide confirmation
                 that, by using the methods we intentionally developed
                 for both precise timing operations and AvB estimation,
                 it is possible to overcome the inefficiency of standard
                 time-related operations and overhead that comes with
                 the virtualization. The impacts of negative
                 virtualization factors were investigated in five
                 different environments to define the most optimal
                 virtual environment for high-speed network
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Section Network Virtualization and Edge/Fog
                 Computing.",
}

@Article{Kist:2019:FFG,
  author =       "Maicon Kist and Juliano Ara{\'u}jo Wickboldt and
                 Lisandro {Zambenedetti Granville} and Juergen Rochol
                 and Luiz A. DaSilva and Cristiano {Bonato Both}",
  title =        "Flexible fine-grained baseband processing with network
                 functions virtualization: Benefits and impacts",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "151",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "158--165",
  day =          "14",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.01.021",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 12 06:31:10 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128619301033",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Book{Kolodin:2019:HMR,
  author =       "Denis Kolodin",
  title =        "Hands-on Microservices with {Rust}: Build, Test, and
                 Deploy Scalable and Reactive Microservices with {Rust
                 2018}",
  publisher =    pub-PACKT,
  address =      pub-PACKT:adr,
  pages =        "511 (est.)",
  year =         "2019",
  ISBN =         "1-78934-198-1, 1-78934-275-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-78934-198-0, 978-1-78934-275-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.R87",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 10 06:02:23 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/rust.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/?fpi=9781789342758",
  abstract =     "A comprehensive guide in developing and deploying high
                 performance microservices with Rust Key Features Start
                 your microservices journey and get a broader
                 perspective on microservices development using RUST
                 2018, Build, deploy, and test microservices using AWS
                 Explore advanced techniques for developing
                 microservices such as actor model, Requests Routing,
                 and threads Book Description Microservice architecture
                 is sweeping the world as the de facto pattern for
                 building web-based applications. Rust is a language
                 particularly well-suited for building microservices. It
                 is a new system programming language that offers a
                 practical and safe alternative to C. This book
                 describes web development using the Rust programming
                 language and will get you up and running with modern
                 web frameworks and crates with examples of RESTful
                 microservices creation. You will deep dive into
                 Reactive programming, and asynchronous programming, and
                 split your web application into a set of concurrent
                 actors. The book provides several HTTP-handling
                 examples with manageable memory allocations. You will
                 walk through stateless high-performance microservices,
                 which are ideally suitable for computation or caching
                 tasks, and look at stateful microservices, which are
                 filled with persistent data and database interactions.
                 As we move along, you will learn how to use Rust macros
                 to describe business or protocol entities of our
                 application and compile them into native structs, which
                 will be performed at full speed with the help of the
                 server's CPU. Finally, you will be taken through
                 examples of how to test and debug microservices and
                 pack them into a tiny monolithic binary or put them
                 into a container and deploy them to modern cloud
                 platforms such as AWS. What you will learn Get
                 acquainted with leveraging Rust web programming Get to
                 grips with various Rust crates, such as hyper, Tokio,
                 and Actix Explore RESTful microservices with Rust
                 Understand how to pack Rust code to a container using
                 Docker Familiarize yourself with Reactive microservices
                 Deploy your microservices to modern cloud platforms
                 such as AWS Who this book is for This book is for
                 developers who have basic knowledge of RUST, and want
                 to learn how to build, test, scale, and manage RUST
                 microservices. No prior experience of writing
                 microservices in RUST is assumed. Downloading the
                 example code for this book You can download the example
                 code files for all Packt books you have purchased from
                 your account at http://www.PacktPub.com.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not in my library.",
  subject =      "Rust (Computer program language); Application
                 software; Development; Web applications; Development.;
                 Rust (Computer program language); Web applications.",
}

@Article{Kovacs:2019:SPA,
  author =       "J{\'o}zsef Kov{\'a}cs",
  title =        "Supporting Programmable Autoscaling Rules for
                 Containers and Virtual Machines on Clouds",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "813--829",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-019-09488-w",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:09:20 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723/17/4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-019-09488-w;
                 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10723-019-09488-w.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Kumar:2019:ICL,
  author =       "Pawan Kumar and Rakesh Kumar",
  title =        "Issues and Challenges of Load Balancing Techniques in
                 Cloud Computing: a Survey",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "120:1--120:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3281010",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:36 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3281010",
  abstract =     "With the growth in computing technologies, cloud
                 computing has added a new paradigm to user services
                 that allows accessing Information Technology services
                 on the basis of pay-per-use at any time and any
                 location. Owing to flexibility in cloud services,
                 numerous organizations are shifting their business to
                 the cloud and service providers are establishing more
                 data centers to provide services to users. However, it
                 is essential to provide cost-effective execution of
                 tasks and proper utilization of resources. Several
                 techniques have been reported in the literature to
                 improve performance and resource use based on load
                 balancing, task scheduling, resource management,
                 quality of service, and workload management. Load
                 balancing in the cloud allows data centers to avoid
                 overloading/underloading in virtual machines, which
                 itself is a challenge in the field of cloud computing.
                 Therefore, it becomes a necessity for developers and
                 researchers to design and implement a suitable load
                 balancer for parallel and distributed cloud
                 environments. This survey presents a state-of-the-art
                 review of issues and challenges associated with
                 existing load-balancing techniques for researchers to
                 develop more effective algorithms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "120",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Laaziz:2019:FFS,
  author =       "Lahlou Laaziz and Nadjia Kara and Rafi Rabipour and
                 Claes Edstrom and Yves Lemieux",
  title =        "{FASTSCALE}: a fast and scalable evolutionary
                 algorithm for the joint placement and chaining of
                 virtualized services",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "148",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102429",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:31 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804519302875",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102429",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Lebre:2019:PNV,
  author =       "Adrien Lebre and Jonathan Pastor and Anthony Simonet
                 and Mario Sudholt",
  title =        "Putting the Next 500 {VM} Placement Algorithms to the
                 Acid Test: The Infrastructure Provider Viewpoint",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "204--217",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2855158",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 14 06:19:13 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2019/01/08409978-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Leivadeas:2019:VPO,
  author =       "Aris Leivadeas and George Kesidis and Mohamed Ibnkahla
                 and Ioannis Lambadaris",
  title =        "{VNF} Placement Optimization at the Edge and Cloud",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "69",
  day =          "09",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11030069",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:05 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/3/69",
  abstract =     "Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has
                 revolutionized the way network services are offered to
                 end users. Individual network functions are decoupled
                 from expensive and dedicated middleboxes and are now
                 provided as software-based virtualized entities called
                 Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs). NFV is often
                 complemented with the Cloud Computing paradigm to
                 provide networking functions to enterprise customers
                 and end-users remote from their premises. NFV along
                 with Cloud Computing has also started to be seen in
                 Internet of Things (IoT) platforms as a means to
                 provide networking functions to the IoT traffic. The
                 intermix of IoT, NFV, and Cloud technologies, however,
                 is still in its infancy creating a rich and open future
                 research area. To this end, in this paper, we propose a
                 novel approach to facilitate the placement and
                 deployment of service chained VNFs in a network cloud
                 infrastructure that can be extended using the Mobile
                 Edge Computing (MEC) infrastructure for accommodating
                 mission critical and delay sensitive traffic. Our aim
                 is to minimize the end-to-end communication delay while
                 keeping the overall deployment cost to minimum. Results
                 reveal that the proposed approach can significantly
                 reduce the delay experienced, while satisfying the
                 Service Providers' goal of low deployment costs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Software Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV).",
}

@Article{Leon:2019:HBW,
  author =       "R. S. Leon and M. Kiperberg and A. A. {Leon Zabag} and
                 A. Resh and A. Algawi and N. J. Zaidenberg",
  title =        "Hypervisor-Based White Listing of Executables",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "58--67",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "2019",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSEC.2019.2910218",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 17 17:34:33 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security \& Privacy",
  journal-URL =  "https://publications.computer.org/security-and-privacy/",
  keywords =     "Databases; Image segmentation; Linux;
                 Microprogramming; Monitoring; Operating systems;
                 Virtual machine monitors",
}

@Article{Li:2019:ELV,
  author =       "Chunguang Li and Dan Feng and Yu Hua and Leihua Qin",
  title =        "Efficient live virtual machine migration for memory
                 write-intensive workloads",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "126--139",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 16:09:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18320491",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Li:2019:NIM,
  author =       "Shupan Li and Limin Xiao and Li Ruan and Shubin Su",
  title =        "A novel integrity measurement method based on
                 copy-on-write for region in virtual machine",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "97",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "714--726",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 16:09:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18317618",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Li:2019:PSB,
  author =       "Huixi Li and Wenjun Li and Shigeng Zhang and Haodong
                 Wang and Yi Pan and Jianxin Wang",
  title =        "Page-sharing-based virtual machine packing with
                 multi-resource constraints to reduce network traffic in
                 migration for clouds",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "462--471",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.02.043",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 16:09:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18302619",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Liang:2019:UBO,
  author =       "Y. Liang and J. Ge and S. Zhang and J. Wu and Z. Tang
                 and B. Luo",
  title =        "A Utility-Based Optimization Framework for Edge
                 Service Entity Caching",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2384--2395",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2915218",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 19 09:20:35 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "approximation algorithm; Approximation algorithms;
                 approximation theory; Bandwidth; cache cost
                 minimization; cache service entities; cache storage;
                 computational complexity; edge computing; Edge
                 computing; edge infrastructure providers; edge server;
                 edge service entity; edge service providers; edge
                 virtualization; EIP; ESP; Internet; Internet of Things;
                 network edge; NP-complete problem; optimisation;
                 physical edge infrastructure; physical resources;
                 Probabilistic logic; Servers; service entity caching;
                 set cover; traditional edge providers; utility;
                 Utility-based optimization framework; utility-based
                 service entity caching problem; UtilitySEC problem;
                 value-added services; virtualisation; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Lindemann:2019:DAC,
  author =       "Jens Lindemann and Mathias Fischer",
  title =        "On the detection of applications in co-resident
                 virtual machines via a memory deduplication
                 side-channel",
  journal =      j-SIGAPP,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "31--46",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3307624.3307628",
  ISSN =         "1559-6915 (print), 1931-0161 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1559-6915",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 23 10:25:05 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigapp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3307624.3307628",
  abstract =     "Nowadays, hosting services of multiple customers on
                 the same hardware via virtualization techniques is very
                 common. Memory deduplication allows to save physical
                 memory by merging identical memory pages of multiple
                 Virtual Machines (VMs) running on the \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigapp",
}

@Article{Linguaglossa:2019:HSD,
  author =       "Leonardo Linguaglossa and Dario Rossi and Salvatore
                 Pontarelli and Dave Barach and Damjan Marjon and Pierre
                 Pfister",
  title =        "High-speed data plane and network functions
                 virtualization by vectorizing packet processing",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "149",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "187--199",
  day =          "11",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.11.033",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 22 16:29:25 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618312957",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Liu:2019:MRV,
  author =       "Z. Liu and Y. Cao and X. Zhang and C. Zhu and F.
                 Zhang",
  title =        "Managing Recurrent Virtual Network Updates in
                 Multi-Tenant Datacenters: {A} System Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1816--1825",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2893239",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 06:09:58 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "Cloud computing; computer centres; greedy routing
                 search algorithms; Linear programming; multi-tenant
                 datacenters; multitenant datacenters; network
                 configuration; network routing update; Network
                 topology; on-demand opportunities; OpReduce;
                 optimisation; Optimization; programmable interfaces;
                 Recurrent virtual network; recurrent virtual network
                 updates; Routing; routing management; search problems;
                 Search problems; software defined networking;
                 software-defined networking; telecommunication network
                 management; telecommunication network routing;
                 telecommunication network topology; Topology; topology
                 search costs; virtualisation",
}

@Article{Lopez:2019:TMT,
  author =       "Martin Andreoni Lopez and Diogo M. F. Mattos and Otto
                 Carlos M. B. Duarte and Guy Pujolle",
  title =        "Toward a monitoring and threat detection system based
                 on stream processing as a virtual network function for
                 big data",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "20",
  pages =        "e5344:1--e5344:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5344",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 12 11:00:06 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "21 May 2019",
}

@Article{Ma:2019:ASF,
  author =       "Yi-Wei Ma and Jiann-Liang Chen and Jia-Yi Jhou",
  title =        "Adaptive service function selection for {Network
                 Function Virtualization} networking",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "91",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "108--123",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 08:15:51 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17328406",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Ma:2019:PMA,
  author =       "Y. Ma and W. Liang and Z. Xu and S. Guo",
  title =        "Profit Maximization for Admitting Requests with
                 Network Function Services in Distributed Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1143--1157",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2874257",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 06:09:58 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "cloud computing; computational complexity; data
                 centers; Data centers; data traffic; delay-aware
                 requests; Delays; distributed clouds; distributed data
                 centers; dynamic profit maximization problem;
                 end-to-end delay requirement; hardware devices;
                 Heuristic algorithms; integer linear programming
                 solution; integer programming; linear programming;
                 middleboxes; network function services; Network
                 function virtualization; network function
                 virtualization; NFV; novel optimization problem;
                 NP-hard problem; online algorithm; online algorithms;
                 profit maximization; request admission; request
                 admission scheduling; Routing; Servers; service
                 function chain consolidation; service function chain
                 provisioning; service function chain requirements;
                 service provider; Software; software defined
                 networking; telecommunication traffic; traditional
                 networks; user requests; virtualisation;
                 Virtualization; virtualization technique",
}

@Article{Makowski:2019:EVT,
  author =       "Lukasz Makowski and Paola Grosso",
  title =        "Evaluation of virtualization and traffic filtering
                 methods for container networks",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "345--357",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 08:15:52 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18302371",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Mao:2019:AMC,
  author =       "B. Mao and F. Tang and Z. M. Fadlullah and N. Kato",
  title =        "An Absorbing {Markov} Chain Based Model to Solve
                 Computation and Communication Tradeoff in
                 {GPU}-Accelerated {MDRUs} for Safety Confirmation in
                 Disaster Scenarios",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "68",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1256--1268",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2019.2906881",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 05:58:40 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "absorbing Markov chain; absorbing Markov chain based
                 model; buffer consumption; Central Processing Unit;
                 chip processing capacities; Communication networks;
                 communication tradeoff; computation overhead;
                 computation tradeoff; Computer architecture; computer
                 networks; Databases; disaster recovery networks;
                 disaster scenarios; disasters; emergency services;
                 general computation platforms; general hardware
                 architectures; GPU-accelerated MDRU; GPU-accelerated
                 MDRUs; Graphics processing units; graphics processing
                 units; Hardware; Markov processes; mobile radio;
                 Moore's Law; movable and deployable resource units;
                 network function virtualization; NFV; optimisation;
                 photo database; photo sharing; photo size; resource
                 allocation; resource-limited disaster recovery
                 networks; Safety; Safety confirmation; safety
                 confirmation method; SDN; software defined networking;
                 telecommunication traffic; traffic overhead
                 optimization; transition matrix; virtualisation; visual
                 communication",
}

@Article{Marangozova-Martin:2019:MLE,
  author =       "V. Marangozova-Martin and N. {de Palma} and A. {El
                 Rheddane}",
  title =        "Multi-Level Elasticity for Data Stream Processing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2326--2337",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2907950",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 19 09:20:35 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "Apache Storm; apache storm; cloud computing;
                 Computational modeling; Containers; Data models; data
                 stream processing; elastic management strategy;
                 Elasticity; execution containers; Measurement;
                 multi-level elasticity; multilevel elasticity; parallel
                 processing; parallelism degree; Proposals; resource
                 allocation; Storms; Stream processing; stream
                 processing environments; virtual machines",
}

@Article{Mavridis:2019:CCV,
  author =       "Ilias Mavridis and Helen Karatza",
  title =        "Combining containers and virtual machines to enhance
                 isolation and extend functionality on cloud computing",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "94",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "674--696",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 16:09:56 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18305764",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Merelli:2019:EDC,
  author =       "Ivan Merelli and Federico Fornari and Fabio Tordini
                 and Daniele D'Agostino and Marco Aldinucci and Daniele
                 Cesini",
  title =        "Exploiting {Docker} containers over Grid computing for
                 a comprehensive study of chromatin conformation in
                 different cell types",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "134",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "116--127",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2019.08.002",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 18 09:26:10 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731519305593",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Mohammadhosseini:2019:EEA,
  author =       "Mahdieh Mohammadhosseini and Abolfazl Toroghi
                 Haghighat and Ebrahim Mahdipour",
  title =        "An efficient energy-aware method for virtual machine
                 placement in cloud data centers using the cultural
                 algorithm",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "6904--6933",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02909-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:15 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Mohiuddin:2019:WAV,
  author =       "Irfan Mohiuddin and Ahmad Almogren",
  title =        "Workload aware {VM} consolidation method in edge\slash
                 cloud computing for {IoT} applications",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "123",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "204--214",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2018.09.011",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 7 07:58:39 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731518306762",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Motaki:2019:CSB,
  author =       "Saloua {El Motaki} and Ali Yahyaouy and Hamid Gualous
                 and Jalal Sabor",
  title =        "Comparative study between exact and metaheuristic
                 approaches for virtual machine placement process as
                 knapsack problem",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "6239--6259",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02847-0",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:16 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Nashaat:2019:SES,
  author =       "Heba Nashaat and Nesma Ashry and Rawya Rizk",
  title =        "Smart elastic scheduling algorithm for virtual machine
                 migration in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "3842--3865",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02748-2",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:20 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Ngoc:2019:EYS,
  author =       "Tu Dinh Ngoc and Bao Bui and Stella Bitchebe and Alain
                 Tchana and Valerio Schiavoni and Pascal Felber and
                 Daniel Hagimont",
  title =        "Everything You Should Know About {Intel SGX}
                 Performance on Virtualized Systems",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "77--78",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3376930.3376979",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 27 06:15:26 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3376930.3376979",
  abstract =     "Intel SGX has attracted much attention from academia
                 and is already powering commercial applications. Cloud
                 providers have also started implementing SGX in their
                 cloud offerings. Research efforts on Intel SGX so far
                 have mainly focused on its security \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmetrics",
}

@Article{Nguyen:2019:RFV,
  author =       "Thi-Minh Nguyen and Andre Girard and Catherine
                 Rosenberg and Serge Fdida",
  title =        "Routing via Functions in Virtual Networks: The Curse
                 of Choices",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1192--1205",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2019.2912717",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 2 08:29:26 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "An important evolution of the users' needs is
                 represented by the on-demand access to the network,
                 storage, and compute resources in order to dynamically
                 match the level of resource consumption with their
                 service requirements. The response of the network
                 providers is to transition to an architecture based on
                 softwarization and cloudification of the network
                 functions. This is the rationale for the deployment of
                 network functions virtualization NFV where virtual
                 network functions VNFs may be chained together to
                 create network services. Efficient online routing of
                 demand across nodes handling the functions involved in
                 a given service chain is the novel problem that we
                 address in this paper. We provide an original
                 formulation of this problem that includes link and CPU
                 capacity constraints and is based on the construction
                 of an expanded network. We derive the exact
                 mathematical formulation and propose several heuristic
                 algorithms taking into account the main system's
                 parameters. We conclude by deriving some interesting
                 insights both about the algorithms and the network
                 performance by comparing the heuristics with the exact
                 solutions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J771",
}

@Article{Niyizamwiyitira:2019:UBS,
  author =       "Christine Niyizamwiyitira and Lars Lundberg",
  title =        "A Utilization-Based Schedulability Test of Real-Time
                 Systems Running on a Multiprocessor Virtual Machine",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "884--904",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxz005",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 24 14:43:23 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/62/6/884/5319152",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Pal:2019:NPR,
  author =       "Souvik Pal and Raghvendra Kumar and Le Hoang Son and
                 Krishnan Saravanan and Mohamed Abdel-Basset and
                 Gunasekaran Manogaran and Pham Huy Thong",
  title =        "Novel probabilistic resource migration algorithm for
                 cross-cloud live migration of virtual machines in
                 public cloud",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "5848--5865",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02874-x",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:23 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/9;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Park:2019:BGM,
  author =       "Younghun Park and Minwoo Gu and Sungyong Park",
  title =        "Ballooning Graphics Memory Space in Full {GPU}
                 Virtualization Environments",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2019",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5240956:1--5240956:??",
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5240956",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 14:36:20 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2019/5240956",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Sci. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://iospress.metapress.com/content/1058-9244",
}

@Article{Patil:2019:DEF,
  author =       "Rajendra Patil and Chirag Modi",
  title =        "Designing an efficient framework for vulnerability
                 assessment and patching {(VAP)} in virtual environment
                 of cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "2862--2889",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2698-6",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:19 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/5;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Patil:2019:ESS,
  author =       "Rajendra Patil and Chirag Modi",
  title =        "An Exhaustive Survey on Security Concerns and
                 Solutions at Different Components of Virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3287306",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:37 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3287306",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is a key enabler of various modern
                 computing technologies. However, it brings additional
                 vulnerabilities that can be exploited to affect the
                 availability, integrity, and confidentiality of the
                 underlying resources and services. The dynamic and
                 shared nature of the virtualization poses additional
                 challenges to the traditional security solutions. This
                 article explores the vulnerabilities, threats, and
                 attacks relevant to virtualization. We analyze the
                 existing security solutions and identify the research
                 gaps that can help the research community to develop a
                 secured virtualization platform for current and future
                 computing technologies.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Pei:2019:EES,
  author =       "J. Pei and P. Hong and K. Xue and D. Li",
  title =        "Efficiently Embedding Service Function Chains with
                 Dynamic Virtual Network Function Placement in
                 Geo-Distributed Cloud System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2179--2192",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2880992",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 19 09:20:35 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "Bandwidth; Binary Integer Programming model; cloud
                 computing; Cloud computing; computer centres; computer
                 network security; dynamic network load; Dynamic Virtual
                 Network Function placement; dynamic VNF placement;
                 efficiently embed SFC requests; Embedding Service
                 Function Chains; geo-distributed cloud system;
                 Heuristic algorithms; integer programming; Internet
                 Service Providers; ISPs; Linear programming; Load
                 modeling; Middleboxes; minimum embedding cost; Network
                 Function Virtualization; network performance; network
                 throughput; NFV environment; novel SFC eMbedding
                 APproach; optimal SFC embedding strategy; performance
                 evaluation results; placed VNF instances; security
                 benefit; Service function chain; SFC Embedding Problem;
                 SFC request acceptance rate; SFC-EP; SFC-MAP; software
                 defined networking; Software-Defined Networks;
                 Switches; total VNF running time; virtual network
                 function; Virtual Network Functions; virtualisation;
                 VNF Dynamic Release Algorithm; VNF utilization rate;
                 VNF-DRA",
}

@Article{Pfitscher:2019:GPA,
  author =       "Ricardo Jos{\'e} Pfitscher and Arthur Selle Jacobs and
                 Luciano Zembruzki and Ricardo Luis dos Santos and Eder
                 John Scheid and Muriel Figueredo Franco and Alberto
                 Schaeffer-Filho and Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville",
  title =        "Guiltiness: a practical approach for quantifying
                 virtual network functions performance",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "161",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "14--31",
  day =          "9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.06.001",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 17:19:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128618310508",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Pinto:2019:DAT,
  author =       "Sandro Pinto and Nuno Santos",
  title =        "Demystifying {Arm TrustZone}: a Comprehensive Survey",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "130:1--130:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3291047",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:36 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3291047",
  abstract =     "The world is undergoing an unprecedented technological
                 transformation, evolving into a state where ubiquitous
                 Internet-enabled ``things'' will be able to generate
                 and share large amounts of security- and
                 privacy-sensitive data. To cope with the security
                 threats that are thus foreseeable, system designers can
                 find in Arm TrustZone hardware technology a most
                 valuable resource. TrustZone is a System-on-Chip and
                 CPU system-wide security solution, available on today's
                 Arm application processors and present in the new
                 generation Arm microcontrollers, which are expected to
                 dominate the market of smart ``things.'' Although this
                 technology has remained relatively underground since
                 its inception in 2004, over the past years, numerous
                 initiatives have significantly advanced the state of
                 the art involving Arm TrustZone. Motivated by this
                 revival of interest, this paper presents an in-depth
                 study of TrustZone technology. We provide a
                 comprehensive survey of relevant work from academia and
                 industry, presenting existing systems into two main
                 areas, namely, Trusted Execution Environments and
                 hardware-assisted virtualization. Furthermore, we
                 analyze the most relevant weaknesses of existing
                 systems and propose new research directions within the
                 realm of tiniest devices and the Internet of Things,
                 which we believe to have potential to yield high-impact
                 contributions in the future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "130",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Ponraj:2019:OVM,
  author =       "Anitha Ponraj",
  title =        "Optimistic virtual machine placement in cloud data
                 centers using queuing approach",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "338--344",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 08:15:52 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18304692",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Prades:2019:GJM,
  author =       "J. Prades and F. Silla",
  title =        "{GPU}-Job Migration: The {rCUDA} Case",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2718--2729",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2924433",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 19 09:20:35 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "CUDA; GPU; Graphics processing units; Middleware;
                 migration; Proposals; rCUDA; Resource management;
                 Virtual machining; virtualization; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Raju:2019:STB,
  author =       "BKSP Kumar Raju and G. Geethakumari",
  title =        "{SNAPS}: Towards building snapshot based provenance
                 system for virtual machines in the cloud environment",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "92--111",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 23 09:47:02 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404818301895",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Rathinaraja:2019:DRB,
  author =       "J. Rathinaraja and V. S. Ananthanarayana and Anand
                 Paul",
  title =        "Dynamic ranking-based {MapReduce} job scheduler to
                 exploit heterogeneous performance in a virtualized
                 environment",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "7520--7549",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02960-0",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:52 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/11;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Ren:2019:PLL,
  author =       "Shiru Ren and Yunqi Zhang and Lichen Pan and Zhen
                 Xiao",
  title =        "Phantasy: Low-Latency Virtualization-Based Fault
                 Tolerance via Asynchronous Prefetching",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "68",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "225--238",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2018.2865943",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 4 19:28:55 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8438984/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Rosa:2019:AOT,
  author =       "Andrea Ros{\`a} and Eduardo Rosales and Walter
                 Binder",
  title =        "Analysis and Optimization of Task Granularity on the
                 {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19:1--19:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3338497",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 23 07:18:02 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3338497",
  abstract =     "Task granularity, i.e., the amount of work performed
                 by parallel tasks, is a key performance attribute of
                 parallel applications. On the one hand, fine-grained
                 tasks (i.e., small tasks carrying out few computations)
                 may introduce considerable parallelization overheads.
                 On the other hand, coarse-grained tasks (i.e., large
                 tasks performing substantial computations) may not
                 fully utilize the available CPU cores, leading to
                 missed parallelization opportunities. In this article,
                 we provide a better understanding of task granularity
                 for task-parallel applications running on a single Java
                 Virtual Machine in a shared-memory multicore. We
                 present a new methodology to accurately and efficiently
                 collect the granularity of each executed task,
                 implemented in a novel profiler (available open-source)
                 that collects carefully selected metrics from the whole
                 system stack with low overhead, and helps developers
                 locate performance and scalability problems. We analyze
                 task granularity in the DaCapo, ScalaBench, and Spark
                 Perf benchmark suites, revealing inefficiencies related
                 to fine-grained and coarse-grained tasks in several
                 applications. We demonstrate that the collected
                 task-granularity profiles are actionable by optimizing
                 task granularity in several applications, achieving
                 speedups up to a factor of $ 5.90 \times $. Our results
                 highlight the importance of analyzing and optimizing
                 task granularity on the Java Virtual Machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
}

@Article{Ruan:2019:VMA,
  author =       "Xiaojun Ruan and Haiquan Chen and Yun Tian and Shu
                 Yin",
  title =        "Virtual machine allocation and migration based on
                 performance-to-power ratio in energy-efficient clouds",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "100",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "380--394",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.05.036",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:01 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18321629",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Sayadnavard:2019:CRE,
  author =       "Monireh H. Sayadnavard and Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat
                 and Amir Masoud Rahmani",
  title =        "Correction to: {A reliable energy-aware approach for
                 dynamic virtual machine consolidation in cloud data
                 centers}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2148--2148",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-02733-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:18 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Sayadnavard:2019:REA}.",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-018-02733-1.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Sayadnavard:2019:REA,
  author =       "Monireh H. Sayadnavard and Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat
                 and Amir Masoud Rahmani",
  title =        "A reliable energy-aware approach for dynamic virtual
                 machine consolidation in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2126--2147",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2709-7",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:18 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Sayadnavard:2019:CRE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Sha:2019:CED,
  author =       "Le-Tian Sha and Fu Xiao and Hai-Ping Huang and Yu Chen
                 and Ru-Chuan Wang",
  title =        "Catching Escapers: a Detection Method for Advanced
                 Persistent Escapers in Industry {Internet of Things}
                 Based on Identity-based Broadcast Encryption {(IBBE)}",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29:1--29:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3319615",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 17 18:16:43 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3319615",
  abstract =     "As the Industry 4.0 or Internet of Things (IoT) era
                 begins, security plays a key role in the Industry
                 Internet of Things (IIoT) due to various threats, which
                 include escape or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
                 attackers in the virtualization layer and vulnerability
                 exploiters in the device layer. A successful cross-VM
                 escape attack in the virtualization layer combined with
                 cross-layer penetration in the device layer, which we
                 define as an Advanced Persistent Escaper (APE), poses a
                 great threat. Therefore, the development of detection
                 and rejection methods for APEs across multiple layers
                 in IIoT is an open issue. To the best of our knowledge,
                 less effective methods are established, especially for
                 vulnerability exploitation in the virtualization layer
                 and backdoor leverage in the device layer. On the basis
                 of this, we propose Escaper Cops (EscaperCOP), a
                 detection method for cross-VM escapers in the
                 virtualization layer and cross-layer penetrators in the
                 device layer. In particular, a new detection method for
                 guest-to-host escapers is proposed for the
                 virtualization layer. Finally, a novel encryption
                 method based on Identity-based Broadcast Encryption
                 (IBBE) is proposed to protect the critical components
                 in EscaperCOP, detection library, and control command
                 library. To verify our method, experimental tests are
                 performed for a large number of APEs in an IIoT
                 framework. The test results have demonstrated the
                 proposed method is effective with an acceptable level
                 of detection ratio.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "29",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J840",
}

@Article{Shooshtarian:2019:MRE,
  author =       "L. Shooshtarian and F. Safaei",
  title =        "A maximally robustness embedding algorithm in virtual
                 data centers with multi-attribute node ranking based on
                 {TOPSIS}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "8059--8093",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02981-9",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:52 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/12;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Simao:2019:GWS,
  author =       "J. Sim{\~a}o and S. Esteves and Andr{\'e} Pires and L.
                 Veiga",
  title =        "{{\em GC-Wise}}: a Self-adaptive approach for
                 memory-performance efficiency in {Java VMs}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "100",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "674--688",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.05.027",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:01 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18304898",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Son:2019:CNM,
  author =       "Jungmin Son and TianZhang He and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "{CloudSimSDN-NFV}: Modeling and simulation of network
                 function virtualization and service function chaining
                 in edge computing environments",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1748--1764",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2755",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 13 10:58:35 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "22 October 2019",
}

@Article{Sparks:2019:EDH,
  author =       "Jonathan Sparks",
  title =        "Enabling {Docker} for {HPC}",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "e5018:1--e5018:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5018",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 12 11:00:04 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "03 December 2018",
}

@Article{Stamou:2019:ANM,
  author =       "Adamantia Stamou and Grigorios Kakkavas and
                 Konstantinos Tsitseklis and Vasileios Karyotis and
                 Symeon Papavassiliou",
  title =        "Autonomic Network Management and Cross-Layer
                 Optimization in Software Defined Radio Environments",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "37",
  day =          "03",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11020037",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 21 16:51:04 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/2/37",
  abstract =     "The demand for Autonomic Network Management (ANM) and
                 optimization is as intense as ever, even though
                 significant research has been devoted towards this
                 direction. This paper addresses such need in Software
                 Defined (SDR) based Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). We
                 propose a new framework for ANM and network
                 reconfiguration combining Software Defined Networks
                 (SDN) with SDR via Network Function Virtualization
                 (NFV) enabled Virtual Utility Functions (VUFs). This is
                 the first approach combining ANM with SDR and SDN via
                 NFV, demonstrating how these state-of-the-art
                 technologies can be effectively combined to achieve
                 reconfiguration flexibility, improved performance and
                 efficient use of available resources. In order to show
                 the feasibility of the proposed framework, we
                 implemented its main functionalities in a cross-layer
                 resource allocation mechanism for CRNs over real SDR
                 testbeds provided by the Orchestration and
                 Reconfiguration Control Architecture (ORCA) EU project.
                 We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework, and based
                 on the obtained results, we identify aspects that can
                 be further investigated for improving the applicability
                 and increasing performance of our broader framework.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Software Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV).",
}

@Article{Staples:2019:SAB,
  author =       "J. Staples and C. Endicott and L. Krause and P. Pal
                 and P. Samouelian and R. Schantz and A. Wellman",
  title =        "A Semi-Autonomic Bytecode Repair Framework",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "97--102",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2018.2886829",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 1937-4194 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 2 09:25:48 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/magazines/software",
  keywords =     "Cryptography; Ecosystems; Java; Java virtual machine
                 languages; Maintenance engineering; SABRE;
                 semiautonomic bytecode repair engine framework;
                 Servers; Software development; Software maintenance",
}

@Article{Sun:2019:MOO,
  author =       "Daniel Sun and Shiping Chen and Guoqiang Li and
                 Yuanyuan Zhang and Muhammad Atif",
  title =        "Multi-objective Optimisation of Online Distributed
                 Software Update for {DevOps} in Clouds",
  journal =      j-TOIT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "43:1--43:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3338851",
  ISSN =         "1533-5399 (print), 1557-6051 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1533-5399",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 23 11:09:41 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  abstract =     "This article studies synchronous online distributed
                 software update, also known as rolling upgrade in
                 DevOps, which in clouds upgrades software versions in
                 virtual machine instances even when various failures
                 may occur. The goal is to minimise completion time,
                 availability degradation, and monetary cost for entire
                 rolling upgrade by selecting proper parameters. For
                 this goal, we propose a stochastic model and a novel
                 optimisation method. We validate our approach to
                 minimise the objectives through both experiments in
                 Amazon Web Service (AWS) and simulations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "43",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J780",
}

@Article{Tan:2019:VMC,
  author =       "Huailiang Tan and Yanjie Tan and Xiaofei He and Kenli
                 Li and Keqin Li",
  title =        "A Virtual Multi-Channel {GPU} Fair Scheduling Method
                 for Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "257--270",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2865341",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 14 06:19:13 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/td/2019/02/08434359-abs.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/tpds/archives.htm",
}

@Article{Tavakoli-Someh:2019:MOV,
  author =       "Sanaz Tavakoli-Someh and Mohammad Hossein Rezvani",
  title =        "Multi-objective virtual network function placement
                 using {NSGA--II} meta-heuristic approach",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "6451--6487",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02849-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:16 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Tekinerdogan:2019:SIA,
  author =       "Bedir Tekinerdogan and Uwe Zdun and M. Ali Babar",
  title =        "Special issue on architecting for hyper connectivity
                 and hyper virtualization",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "149",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "531--532",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2018.12.020",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 23 16:35:05 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121218302802",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Toosi:2019:EAS,
  author =       "Adel Nadjaran Toosi and Jungmin Son and Qinghua Chi
                 and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "{ElasticSFC}: Auto-scaling techniques for elastic
                 service function chaining in network functions
                 virtualization-based clouds",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "152",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "108--119",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.02.052",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 27 07:11:51 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121219300421",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Varshney:2019:ARC,
  author =       "P. Varshney and Y. Simmhan",
  title =        "{AutoBoT}: Resilient and Cost-Effective Scheduling of
                 a Bag of Tasks on Spot {VMs}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1512--1527",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2889851",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 06:09:58 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "active runtime decisions; Amazon EC2 pricing data;
                 AutoBoT; bag of tasks; bag-of-tasks; Bot (Internet);
                 BoT size; Checkpointing; checkpointing; checkpointing
                 strategies; cloud computing; Cloud computing; cloud
                 computing; cloud model; cloud virtual machines;
                 computer centres; cost reduction; cost-effective
                 scheduling; data centers; distributed systems;
                 fixed-price VMs; Google; Google cluster workload;
                 heuristics; loss budget; monetary cost; Pricing;
                 pricing; Reliability; reliability; Scheduling;
                 scheduling; spot pricing; Task analysis; task parallel
                 applications; time periods; time-variant pricing;
                 virtual machines",
}

@Article{Wang:2019:ATA,
  author =       "Zhong Wang and Daniel Sun and Guangtao Xue and Shiyou
                 Qian and Guoqiang Li and Minglu Li",
  title =        "{Ada-Things}: an adaptive virtual machine monitoring
                 and migration strategy for {Internet of Things}
                 applications",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "132",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "164--176",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2018.06.009",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 13 10:25:20 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731518304404",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Wang:2019:MTR,
  author =       "Qingyang Wang and Shungeng Zhang and Yasuhiko Kanemasa
                 and Calton Pu",
  title =        "Mitigating Tail Response Time of $n$-Tier
                 Applications: The Impact of Asynchronous Invocations",
  journal =      j-TOIT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36:1--36:??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3340462",
  ISSN =         "1533-5399 (print), 1557-6051 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1533-5399",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 23 11:09:41 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3340462",
  abstract =     "Consistent low response time is essential for
                 e-commerce due to intense competitive pressure.
                 However, practitioners of web applications have often
                 encountered the long-tail response time problem in
                 cloud data centers as the system utilization reaches
                 moderate levels (e.g., 50\%). Our fine-grained
                 measurements of an open source n-tier benchmark
                 application (RUBBoS) show such long response times are
                 often caused by Cross-tier Queue Overflow (CTQO). Our
                 experiments reveal the CTQO is primarily created by the
                 synchronous nature of RPC-style call/response
                 inter-tier communications, which create strong
                 inter-tier dependencies due to the request processing
                 chain of classic n-tier applications composed of
                 synchronous RPC/thread-based servers. We remove
                 gradually the dependencies in n-tier applications by
                 replacing the classic synchronous servers (e.g.,
                 Apache, Tomcat, and MySQL) with their corresponding
                 event-driven asynchronous version (e.g., Nginx,
                 XTomcat, and XMySQL) one-by-one. Our measurements with
                 two application scenarios (virtual machine co-location
                 and background monitoring interference) show that
                 replacing a subset of asynchronous servers will shift
                 the CTQO, without significant improvements in long-tail
                 response time. Only when all the servers become
                 asynchronous the CTQO is resolved. In synchronous
                 n-tier applications, long-tail response times resulting
                 from CTQO arise at utilization as low as 43\%. On the
                 other hand, the completely asynchronous n-tier system
                 can disrupt CTQO and remove the long tail latency at
                 utilization as high as 83\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "36",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J780",
}

@Article{Wang:2019:VTV,
  author =       "Sen Wang and Jun Bi and Jianping Wu and Athanasios V.
                 Vasilakos and Qilin Fan",
  title =        "{VNE-TD}: a virtual network embedding algorithm based
                 on temporal-difference learning",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "161",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "251--263",
  day =          "9",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 17:19:57 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138912861830584X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Wei:2019:HBS,
  author =       "Song Wei and Kun Zhang and Bibo Tu",
  title =        "{HyperBench}: a Benchmark Suite for Virtualization
                 Capabilities",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--74",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3376930.3376977",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 27 06:15:26 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3376930.3376977",
  abstract =     "Virtualization is ubiquitous in modern data centers.
                 By deploying applications on separate virtual machines
                 hosted in a shared physical machine, it brings benefits
                 over traditional systems in resources utilization[5,
                 10], system security[2, 3], and \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmetrics",
}

@Article{Wenzl:2019:HET,
  author =       "Matthias Wenzl and Georg Merzdovnik and Johanna
                 Ullrich and Edgar Weippl",
  title =        "From Hack to Elaborate Technique --- a Survey on
                 Binary Rewriting",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "49:1--49:37",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3316415",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 09:04:37 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3316415",
  abstract =     "Binary rewriting is changing the semantics of a
                 program without having the source code at hand. It is
                 used for diverse purposes, such as emulation (e.g.,
                 QEMU), optimization (e.g., DynInst), observation (e.g.,
                 Valgrind), and hardening (e.g., Control flow integrity
                 enforcement). This survey gives detailed insight into
                 the development and state-of-the-art in binary
                 rewriting by reviewing 67 publications from 1966 to
                 2018. Starting from these publications, we provide an
                 in-depth investigation of the challenges and respective
                 solutions to accomplish binary rewriting. Based on our
                 findings, we establish a thorough categorization of
                 binary rewriting approaches with respect to their
                 use-case, applied analysis technique,
                 code-transformation method, and code generation
                 techniques. We contribute a comprehensive mapping
                 between binary rewriting tools, applied techniques, and
                 their domain of application. Our findings emphasize
                 that although much work has been done over the past
                 decades, most of the effort was put into improvements
                 aiming at rewriting general purpose applications but
                 ignoring other challenges like altering
                 throughput-oriented programs or software with real-time
                 requirements, which are often used in the emerging
                 field of the Internet of Things. To the best of our
                 knowledge, our survey is the first comprehensive
                 overview on the complete binary rewriting process.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "49",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Xie:2019:DDS,
  author =       "An Xie and Huawei Huang and Xiaoliang Wang and Song
                 Guo and Zhuzhong Qian and Sanglu Lu",
  title =        "{Dual}: Deploy stateful virtual network function
                 chains by jointly allocating data-control traffic",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "162",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 106868",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.106868",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 17:21:59 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128619303962",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Xu:2019:MCE,
  author =       "Heyang Xu and Yang Liu and Wei Wei and Ying Xue",
  title =        "Migration Cost and Energy-Aware Virtual Machine
                 Consolidation Under Cloud Environments Considering
                 Remaining Runtime",
  journal =      j-INT-J-PARALLEL-PROG,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "481--501",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "IJPPE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10766-018-00622-x",
  ISSN =         "0885-7458 (print), 1573-7640 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0885-7458",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 11 08:37:52 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766/47/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjparallelprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Parallel Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10766",
}

@Article{Yang:2019:IRT,
  author =       "Chao-Tung Yang and Shuo-Tsung Chen and Jung-Chun Liu
                 and Yao-Yu Yang and Karan Mitra and Rajiv Ranjan",
  title =        "Implementation of a real-time network traffic
                 monitoring service with network functions
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "687--701",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.08.050",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 5 08:15:52 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1830311X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Yao:2019:EVM,
  author =       "Feng Yao and Yiping Yao and Huangke Chen and Tianlin
                 Li and Menglong Lin and Xiaoxiong Zhang",
  title =        "An efficient virtual machine allocation algorithm for
                 parallel and distributed simulation applications",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "e5237:1--e5237:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5237",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 12 11:00:05 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "13 March 2019",
}

@Article{Yu:2019:LAV,
  author =       "Chao Yu and Leihua Qin and Jingli Zhou",
  title =        "A lock-aware virtual machine scheduling scheme for
                 synchronization performance",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--32",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1557-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:15 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Zeuch:2019:AES,
  author =       "Steffen Zeuch and Bonaventura {Del Monte} and Jeyhun
                 Karimov and Clemens Lutz and Manuel Renz and Jonas
                 Traub and Sebastian Bre{\ss} and Tilmann Rabl and
                 Volker Markl",
  title =        "Analyzing efficient stream processing on modern
                 hardware",
  journal =      j-PROC-VLDB-ENDOWMENT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "516--530",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.14778/3303753.3303758",
  ISSN =         "2150-8097",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 27 14:03:31 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/vldbe.bib",
  abstract =     "Modern Stream Processing Engines (SPEs) process large
                 data volumes under tight latency constraints. Many SPEs
                 execute processing pipelines using message passing on
                 shared-nothing architectures and apply a
                 partition-based scale-out strategy to handle
                 high-velocity input streams. Furthermore, many
                 state-of-the-art SPEs rely on a Java Virtual Machine to
                 achieve platform independence and speed up system
                 development by abstracting from the underlying
                 hardware. In this paper, we show that taking the
                 underlying hardware into account is essential to
                 exploit modern hardware efficiently. To this end, we
                 conduct an extensive experimental analysis of current
                 SPEs and SPE design alternatives optimized for modern
                 hardware. Our analysis highlights potential bottlenecks
                 and reveals that state-of-the-art SPEs are not capable
                 of fully exploiting current and emerging hardware
                 trends, such as multi-core processors and high-speed
                 networks. Based on our analysis, we describe a set of
                 design changes to the common architecture of SPEs to
                 scale-up on modern hardware. We show that the
                 single-node throughput can be increased by up to two
                 orders of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art SPEs
                 by applying specialized code generation, fusing
                 operators, batch-style parallelization strategies, and
                 optimized windowing. This speedup allows for deploying
                 typical streaming applications on a single or a few
                 nodes instead of large clusters.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1174",
}

@Article{Zhang:2019:AMD,
  author =       "Lei Zhang and Zhemin Yang and Yuyu He and Mingqi Li
                 and Sen Yang and Min Yang and Yuan Zhang and Zhiyun
                 Qian",
  title =        "App in the Middle: Demystify Application
                 Virtualization in {Android} and its Security Threats",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--76",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3376930.3376978",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 27 06:15:26 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3376930.3376978",
  abstract =     "Customizability is a key feature of the Android
                 operating system that differentiates it from Apple's
                 iOS. One concrete feature that gaining popularity is
                 called ``app virtualization''. This feature allows
                 multiple copies of the same app to be installed
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmetrics",
}

@Article{Zhang:2019:CFV,
  author =       "Fei Zhang and Guangming Liu and Bo Zhao and Piotr
                 Kasprzak and Xiaoming Fu and Ramin Yahyapour",
  title =        "{CBase}: Fast Virtual Machine storage data migration
                 with a new data center structure",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "124",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "14--26",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2018.10.001",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 7 07:58:40 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731518307342",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Zhang:2019:EAV,
  author =       "Xinqian Zhang and Tingming Wu and Mingsong Chen and
                 Tongquan Wei and Junlong Zhou and Shiyan Hu and
                 Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "Energy-aware virtual machine allocation for cloud with
                 resource reservation",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "147",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "147--161",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2018.09.084",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 5 10:20:00 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121218302152",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Zhang:2019:RNO,
  author =       "Fei Zhang and Guangming Liu and Bo Zhao and Xiaoming
                 Fu and Ramin Yahyapour",
  title =        "Reducing the network overhead of user mobility-induced
                 virtual machine migration in mobile edge computing",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "673--693",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2642",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 25 14:15:53 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "28 September 2018",
}

@Article{Zhang:2019:TVN,
  author =       "Chuanji Zhang and Harshvardhan P. Joshi and George F.
                 Riley and Steven A. Wright",
  title =        "Towards a virtual network function research agenda: a
                 systematic literature review of {VNF} design
                 considerations",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "146",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 102417",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 14:16:36 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804519302516",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Zhao:2019:RUC,
  author =       "Yan Zhao and Hongwei Liu and Yan Wang and Zhan Zhang
                 and Decheng Zuo",
  title =        "Reducing the upfront cost of private clouds with
                 clairvoyant virtual machine placement",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "340--369",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-02730-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 10 15:31:15 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/75/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Zhong:2019:TFL,
  author =       "K. Zhong and D. Liu and Y. Wu and L. Long and W. Liu
                 and J. Ren and R. Liu and L. Liang and Z. Shao and T.
                 Li",
  title =        "Towards Fast and Lightweight Checkpointing for Mobile
                 Virtualization Using {NVRAM}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1421--1433",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2886906",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 06:09:58 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "byte-addressable; checkpointing; Checkpointing;
                 checkpointing; energy-efficient data deduplication;
                 Exynos 5250 SoC; fault-tolerance; flash memories;
                 lightweight checkpointing machinery; mobile computing;
                 Mobile handsets; Mobile virtualization; mobile
                 virtualization; non-volatile memory; Nonvolatile
                 memory; nonvolatile memory; NVRAM; Performance
                 evaluation; Phase change materials; power aware
                 computing; Random access memory; random-access storage;
                 slow flash memory; storage management; storage space;
                 system-on-chip; user experience; virtual machines;
                 virtualisation; Virtualization; virtualized mobile
                 devices; VM snapshot; VM's entire memory",
}

@Article{Abadi:2020:CCS,
  author =       "Reza Mohamadi Bahram Abadi and Amir Masoud Rahmani and
                 Sasan Hossein Alizadeh",
  title =        "Correction to: {Challenges of server consolidation in
                 virtualized data centers and open research issues: a
                 systematic literature review}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2928--2928",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03105-z",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:55 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/76/4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Abadi:2020:CSC}.",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11227-019-03105-z.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Abadi:2020:CSC,
  author =       "Reza Mohamadi Bahram Abadi and Amir Masoud Rahmani and
                 Sasan Hossein Alizadeh",
  title =        "Challenges of server consolidation in virtualized data
                 centers and open research issues: a systematic
                 literature review",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2876--2927",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03068-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:55 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/76/4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Abadi:2020:CCS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Alam:2020:SNV,
  author =       "Iqbal Alam and Kashif Sharif and Fan Li and Zohaib
                 Latif and M. M. Karim and Sujit Biswas and Boubakr Nour
                 and Yu Wang",
  title =        "A Survey of Network Virtualization Techniques for
                 {Internet of Things} Using {SDN} and {NFV}",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35:1--35:40",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3379444",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 8 17:24:43 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3379444",
  abstract =     "Internet of Things (IoT) and Network Softwarization
                 are fast becoming core technologies of information
                 systems and network management for the next-generation
                 Internet. The deployment and applications of IoT range
                 from smart cities to urban computing and \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Baalamurugan:2020:MOK,
  author =       "K. M. Baalamurugan and S. Vijay Bhanu",
  title =        "A multi-objective krill herd algorithm for virtual
                 machine placement in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "4525--4542",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2516-1",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:57 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/76/6;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Bao:2020:PPE,
  author =       "W. Bao and D. Yuan and B. B. Zhou and A. Y. Zomaya",
  title =        "Prune and Plant: Efficient Placement and Parallelism
                 of Virtual Network Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "800--811",
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 23 16:03:24 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Bays:2020:RSV,
  author =       "Leonardo Richter Bays and Luciano Paschoal Gaspary",
  title =        "Reality shock in virtual network embedding:
                 {Flexibilizing} demands for dealing with multiple
                 operational requirements in {SDNs}",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "153",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102508",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:33 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804519303686",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102508",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Benmakrelouf:2020:ABD,
  author =       "Souhila Benmakrelouf and C{\'e}dric St-Onge and Nadjia
                 Kara and Hanine Tout and Claes Edstrom and Yves
                 Lemieux",
  title =        "Abnormal behavior detection using resource level to
                 service level metrics mapping in virtualized systems",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "680--700",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.07.051",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:04 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X19306600",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Berghaus:2020:HTC,
  author =       "F. Berghaus and K. Casteels and J. Weldon",
  title =        "High-Throughput Cloud Computing with the
                 Cloudscheduler {VM} Provisioning Service",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SOFTW-BIG-SCI,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s41781-020-0036-1",
  ISSN =         "2510-2036 (print), 2510-2044 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2510-2036",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 9 06:38:19 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsoftwbigsci.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41781-020-0036-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "Computing and Software for Big Science",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.springer.com/journal/41781",
  online-date =  "Published: 13 February 2020 Article: 4",
}

@Article{Bermejo:2020:VMC,
  author =       "Belen Bermejo and Carlos Juiz",
  title =        "Virtual machine consolidation: a systematic review of
                 its overhead influencing factors",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "324--361",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03025-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:53 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/76/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Bir:2020:DIE,
  author =       "Parth Bir and Shylaja Vinaykumar Karatangi and Amrita
                 Rai",
  title =        "Design and implementation of an elastic processor with
                 hyperthreading technology and virtualization for
                 elastic server models",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "7394--7415",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03174-5",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:19:58 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03174-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 24 January 2020 Pages: 7394 - 7415",
}

@Article{Bogo:2020:CAO,
  author =       "Matteo Bogo and Jacopo Soldani and Davide Neri and
                 Antonio Brogi",
  title =        "Component-aware orchestration of cloud-based
                 enterprise applications, from {TOSCA} to {Docker} and
                 {Kubernetes}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1793--1821",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2848",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 14 11:05:24 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "28 May 2020",
}

@Article{Braiki:2020:FLB,
  author =       "Khaoula Braiki and Habib Youssef",
  title =        "Fuzzy-logic-based multi-objective best-fit-decreasing
                 virtual machine reallocation",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "427--454",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03029-8",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:53 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/76/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Chen:2020:SSV,
  author =       "Yunliang Chen and Xiaodao Chen and Wangyang Liu and
                 Yuchen Zhou and Albert Y. Zomaya and Rajiv Ranjan and
                 Shiyan Hu",
  title =        "Stochastic scheduling for variation-aware virtual
                 machine placement in a cloud computing {CPS}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "105",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "779--788",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.09.024",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:07 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17320101",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Cheng:2020:SVC,
  author =       "Yuxia Cheng and Wenzhi Chen and Zonghui Wang and
                 Zhongxian Tang and Yang Xiang",
  title =        "Smart {VM} co-scheduling with the precise prediction
                 of performance characteristics",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "105",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1016--1027",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.11.022",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:07 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16306616",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Compastie:2020:VSI,
  author =       "Maxime Compasti{\'e} and R{\'e}mi Badonnel and Olivier
                 Festor and Ruan He",
  title =        "From virtualization security issues to cloud
                 protection opportunities: an in-depth analysis of
                 system virtualization models",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "97",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 101905",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101905",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 10 08:25:06 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404820301814",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Daoud:2020:MAJ,
  author =       "Houssem Daoud and Michel Dagenais",
  title =        "Multilevel analysis of the {Java Virtual Machine}
                 based on kernel and userspace traces",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "167",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.110589",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 20:13:53 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121220300698",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "110589",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Dhule:2020:PSP,
  author =       "Chetan Dhule and Urmila Shrawankar",
  title =        "{POF-SVLM}: {Pareto} optimized framework for seamless
                 {VM} live migration",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2159--2183",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00815-8",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 15:46:36 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/102/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Ding:2020:AVM,
  author =       "Weichao Ding and Fei Luo and Liangxiu Han and Chunhua
                 Gu and Haifeng Lu and Joel Fuentes",
  title =        "Adaptive virtual machine consolidation framework based
                 on performance-to-power ratio in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "111",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "254--270",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.05.004",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 19 07:44:21 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X19307769",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Donnell:2020:DVM,
  author =       "Nicola Mc Donnell and Enda Howley and Jim Duggan",
  title =        "Dynamic virtual machine consolidation using a
                 multi-agent system to optimise energy efficiency in
                 cloud computing",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "108",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "288--301",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.02.036",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 19 07:44:16 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X19314591",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Ebadifard:2020:SSW,
  author =       "Fatemeh Ebadifard and Seyed Morteza Babamir",
  title =        "Scheduling scientific workflows on virtual machines
                 using a {Pareto} and hypervolume based black hole
                 optimization algorithm",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "7635--7688",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03183-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:19:56 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03183-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 06 February 2020 Pages: 7635 - 7688",
}

@Article{Fang:2020:RAV,
  author =       "Lang Fang and Xiaoning Zhang and Keshav Sood and
                 Yunqing Wang and Shui Yu",
  title =        "Reliability-aware virtual network function placement
                 in carrier networks",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "154",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102536",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:33 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804520300102",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102536",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Fei:2020:PWN,
  author =       "Xincai Fei and Fangming Liu and Qixia Zhang and Hai
                 Jin and Hongxin Hu",
  title =        "Paving the Way for {NFV} Acceleration: a Taxonomy,
                 Survey and Future Directions",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "73:1--73:42",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3397022",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 27 07:06:06 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3397022",
  abstract =     "As a recent innovation, network functions
                 virtualization (NFV) --- with its core concept of
                 replacing hardware middleboxes with software network
                 functions (NFs) implemented in commodity servers ---
                 promises cost savings and flexibility benefits.
                 However, transitioning NFs from special-purpose
                 hardware to commodity servers has turned out to be more
                 challenging than expected, as it inevitably incurs
                 performance penalties due to bottlenecks in both
                 software and hardware. To achieve performance
                 comparable to hardware middleboxes, there is a strong
                 demand for a speedup in NF processing, which plays a
                 crucial role in the success of NFV. In this article, we
                 study the performance challenges that exist in
                 general-purpose servers and simultaneously summarize
                 the typical performance bottlenecks in NFV. Through
                 reviewing the progress in the field of NFV
                 acceleration, we present a new taxonomy of the
                 state-of-the-art efforts according to various
                 acceleration approaches. We discuss the surveyed works
                 and identify the respective advantages and
                 disadvantages in each category. We then discuss the
                 products, solutions, and projects emerged in industry.
                 We also present a gap analysis to improve current
                 solutions and highlight promising research trends that
                 can be explored in the future.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "73",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Gao:2020:CMS,
  author =       "Lingnan Gao and George N. Rouskas",
  title =        "Congestion Minimization for Service Chain Routing
                 Problems With Path Length Considerations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2643--2656",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.3017792",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 23 08:45:31 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2020.3017792",
  abstract =     "Network function virtualization (NFV), with its
                 perceived potential to accelerate service deployment
                 and to introduce flexibility in service provisioning,
                 has drawn a growing interest from industry and academia
                 alike over the past few years. One of the \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Ghasemi:2020:MOL,
  author =       "Arezoo Ghasemi and Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat",
  title =        "A multi-objective load balancing algorithm for virtual
                 machine placement in cloud data centers based on
                 machine learning",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2049--2072",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00813-w",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 15:46:36 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/102/9;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Gilesh:2020:OLM,
  author =       "Malayam Parambath Gilesh and Subham Jain and S. D.
                 Madhu Kumar and Lillykutty Jacob and Umesh Bellur",
  title =        "Opportunistic live migration of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "e5477:1--e5477:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5477",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 07:52:13 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "14 August 2019",
}

@Article{Haghshenas:2020:PBU,
  author =       "Kawsar Haghshenas and Siamak Mohammadi",
  title =        "Prediction-based underutilized and destination host
                 selection approaches for energy-efficient dynamic {VM}
                 consolidation in data centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "10240--10257",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03248-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:19:57 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03248-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 16 March 2020 Pages: 10240 - 10257",
}

@Article{Hoffmann:2020:RVM,
  author =       "Leah Hoffmann",
  title =        "Reinventing Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "128ff",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3381947",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 21 15:35:34 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://dl.acm.org/pub.cfm?id=J782",
  numpages =     "2",
}

@Article{Hsieh:2020:UPA,
  author =       "Sun-Yuan Hsieh and Cheng-Sheng Liu and Rajkumar Buyya
                 and Albert Y. Zomaya",
  title =        "Utilization-prediction-aware virtual machine
                 consolidation approach for energy-efficient cloud data
                 centers",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "139",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "99--109",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 18 09:26:12 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074373151930190X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Ijaz:2020:RHP,
  author =       "Qaiser Ijaz and El-Bay Bourennane and Ali Kashif
                 Bashir and Hira Asghar",
  title =        "Revisiting the High-Performance Reconfigurable
                 Computing for Future Datacenters",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "64",
  day =          "06",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12040064",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 15:16:57 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/super.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/4/64",
  abstract =     "Modern datacenters are reinforcing the computational
                 power and energy efficiency by assimilating field
                 programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The sustainability of
                 this large-scale integration depends on enabling
                 multi-tenant FPGAs. This requisite amplifies the
                 importance of communication architecture and
                 virtualization method with the required features in
                 order to meet the high-end objective. Consequently, in
                 the last decade, academia and industry proposed several
                 virtualization techniques and hardware architectures
                 for addressing resource management, scheduling,
                 adoptability, segregation, scalability,
                 performance-overhead, availability, programmability,
                 time-to-market, security, and mainly, multitenancy.
                 This paper provides an extensive survey covering three
                 important aspects --- discussion on non-standard terms
                 used in existing literature, network-on-chip evaluation
                 choices as a mean to explore the communication
                 architecture, and virtualization methods under latest
                 classification. The purpose is to emphasize the
                 importance of choosing appropriate communication
                 architecture, virtualization technique and standard
                 language to evolve the multi-tenant FPGAs in
                 datacenters. None of the previous surveys encapsulated
                 these aspects in one writing. Open problems are
                 indicated for scientific community as well.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/",
  remark =       "Collection Featured Reviews of Future Internet
                 Research.",
}

@Article{Ingalls:2020:TDL,
  author =       "Daniel Ingalls and Eliot Miranda and Cl{\'e}ment
                 B{\'e}ra and Elisa Gonzalez Boix",
  title =        "Two decades of live coding and debugging of virtual
                 machines through simulation",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1629--1650",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2841",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 14 11:05:24 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "08 May 2020",
}

@Article{Kang:2020:PMT,
  author =       "JiHun Kang and JongBeom Lim and HeonChang Yu",
  title =        "Partial migration technique for {GPGPU} tasks to
                 Prevent {GPU} Memory Starvation in {RPC}-based {GPU}
                 Virtualization",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "948--972",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2801",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 14 11:05:23 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "11 February 2020",
}

@Article{Karmakar:2020:BAC,
  author =       "Kamalesh Karmakar and Rajib K. Das and Sunirmal
                 Khatua",
  title =        "Bandwidth allocation for communicating virtual
                 machines in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "7268--7289",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03128-6",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:19:58 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-019-03128-6",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 18 January 2020 Pages: 7268 - 7289",
}

@Article{Karthikeyan:2020:ECA,
  author =       "K. Karthikeyan and R. Sunder and K. Shankar and S. K.
                 Lakshmanaprabu and V. Vijayakumar and Mohamed Elhoseny
                 and Gunasekaran Manogaran",
  title =        "Energy consumption analysis of Virtual Machine
                 migration in cloud using hybrid swarm optimization
                 {(ABC-BA)}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "3374--3390",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2583-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:57 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/76/5;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kavitha:2020:PAA,
  author =       "Kadarla Kavitha and S. C. Sharma",
  title =        "Performance analysis of {ACO}-based improved virtual
                 machine allocation in cloud for {IoT}-enabled
                 healthcare",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "e5613:1--e5613:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5613",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 07:52:21 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "19 December 2019",
}

@Article{Kim:2020:RTS,
  author =       "T. Kim and C. H. Park and J. Huh and J. Ahn",
  title =        "Reconciling Time Slice Conflicts of Virtual Machines
                 With Dual Time Slice for Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2453--2465",
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 15 14:52:38 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Kourai:2020:FSC,
  author =       "Kenichi Kourai and Kouta Sannomiya",
  title =        "Flexible service consolidation with nested
                 virtualization and library operating systems",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--21",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2752",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 13 10:58:35 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "24 October 2019",
}

@Article{Kulkarni:2020:RAE,
  author =       "Sameer G. Kulkarni and Guyue Liu and K. K.
                 Ramakrishnan and Mayutan Arumaithurai and Timothy Wood
                 and Xiaoming Fu",
  title =        "{REINFORCE}: Achieving Efficient Failure Resiliency
                 for Network Function Virtualization-Based Services",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "695--708",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.2969961",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 15 14:18:14 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1109/TNET.2020.2969961",
  abstract =     "Ensuring high availability (HA) for software-based
                 networks is a critical design feature that will help
                 the adoption of software-based network functions (NFs)
                 in production networks. It is important for NFs to
                 avoid outages and maintain mission-critical \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Li:2020:EEQ,
  author =       "Zhihua Li and Xinrong Yu and Lei Yu and Shujie Guo and
                 Victor Chang",
  title =        "Energy-efficient and quality-aware {VM} consolidation
                 method",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "789--809",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.08.004",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:04 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18324713",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Li:2020:MOO,
  author =       "Rui Li and Qinghua Zheng and Xiuqi Li and Zheng Yan",
  title =        "Multi-objective optimization for rebalancing virtual
                 machine placement",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "105",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "824--842",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.08.027",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:07 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X1731840X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Lin:2020:LGN,
  author =       "Yilei Lin and Ting He and Shiqiang Wang and Kevin Chan
                 and Stephen Pasteris",
  title =        "Looking Glass of {NFV}: Inferring the Structure and
                 State of {NFV} Network From External Observations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1477--1490",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.2985908",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 23 08:45:28 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2020.2985908",
  abstract =     "The rapid development of network function
                 virtualization (NFV) enables a communication network to
                 provide in-network services using virtual network
                 functions (VNFs) deployed on general IT hardware. While
                 existing studies on NFV focused on how to provision
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Liu:2020:LCV,
  author =       "Zhenpeng Liu and Jiahuan Lu and Nan Su and Bin Zhang
                 and Xiaofei Li",
  title =        "Location-Constrained Virtual Machine Placement
                 {(LCVP)} Algorithm",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2020",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8846087:1--8846087:??",
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8846087",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 14:36:22 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2020/8846087",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Sci. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://iospress.metapress.com/content/1058-9244",
}

@Article{Lu:2020:GEV,
  author =       "Q. Lu and X. Zheng and J. Ma and Y. Dong and Z. Qi and
                 J. Yao and B. He and H. Guan",
  title =        "{gMig}: Efficient {vGPU} Live Migration with
                 Overlapped Software-Based Dirty Page Verification",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1209--1222",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2947521",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 20 10:08:58 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
  keywords =     "Cloud computing; Computer architecture; GPU; Graphics
                 processing units; Hardware; migration; Performance
                 evaluation; virtualization; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Lu:2020:GQO,
  author =       "Q. Lu and J. Yao and H. Guan and P. Gao",
  title =        "{gQoS}: a {QoS}-Oriented {GPU} Virtualization with
                 Adaptive Capacity Sharing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "843--855",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2019.2948753",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 22 06:09:50 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/transactions/tpds",
  keywords =     "Cloud computing; cloud computing; GPU virtualization;
                 Graphics processing units; Hardware; QoS control;
                 Quality of service; Resource management; resource
                 scheduling; Virtual machining; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Luo:2020:OAV,
  author =       "Ziyue Luo and Chuan Wu",
  title =        "An Online Algorithm for {VNF} Service Chain Scaling in
                 Datacenters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1061--1073",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.2979263",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 23 08:45:26 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2020.2979263",
  abstract =     "Built on top of virtualization technologies, network
                 function virtualization (NFV) provides flexible and
                 scalable software implementation of various network
                 functions. Virtual network functions (VNFs), which are
                 network functions implemented as virtual \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Masdari:2020:GCC,
  author =       "Mohammad Masdari and Mehran Zangakani",
  title =        "Green Cloud Computing Using Proactive Virtual Machine
                 Placement: Challenges and Issues",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "727--759",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-019-09489-9",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:08:25 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-019-09489-9",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
  online-date =  "Published: 27 August 2019 Pages: 727 - 759",
}

@Article{Mesnard:2020:RWP,
  author =       "O. Mesnard and L. A. Barba",
  title =        "Reproducible Workflow on a Public Cloud for
                 Computational Fluid Dynamics",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SCI-ENG,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "102--116",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CSENFA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2019.2941702",
  ISSN =         "1521-9615 (print), 1558-366X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1521-9615",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 05 14:46:04 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computscieng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing in Science and Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5992",
  keywords =     "Application software; application software stack;
                 Azure cloud; Benchmark testing; Cloud computing; cloud
                 computing; cloud environment; cloud offerings;
                 computational fluid dynamics; computational fluid
                 dynamics studies; Computational modeling; Docker
                 containers; expanded reproducibility package;
                 high-performance computing; HPC nodes; in-house
                 research software; parallel computing; parallel
                 processing; public cloud Microsoft Azure; reproducible
                 workflow; Research and development; Runtime
                 environment; Software packages; virtual machines;
                 Virtual machining",
}

@Article{Monge:2020:COM,
  author =       "David A. Monge and Elina Pacini and Cristian Mateos
                 and Enrique Alba and Carlos Garc{\'\i}a Garino",
  title =        "{CMI}: an online multi-objective genetic autoscaler
                 for scientific and engineering workflows in cloud
                 infrastructures with unreliable virtual machines",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "149",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102464",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:31 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804519303248",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102464",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Naeen:2020:AMB,
  author =       "Hossein Monshizadeh Naeen and Esmaeil Zeinali and
                 Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat",
  title =        "Adaptive {Markov}-based approach for dynamic virtual
                 machine consolidation in cloud data centers with
                 quality-of-service constraints",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "161--183",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2764",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 14 11:05:21 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "12 December 2019",
}

@Article{Naranjo:2020:ASC,
  author =       "Diana M. Naranjo and Sebasti{\'a}n Risco and Carlos de
                 Alfonso and Alfonso P{\'e}rez and Ignacio Blanquer and
                 Germ{\'a}n Molt{\'o}",
  title =        "Accelerated serverless computing based on {GPU}
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "139",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "32--42",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.01.004",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 18 09:26:12 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731519303533",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Papavassiliou:2020:SDN,
  author =       "Symeon Papavassiliou",
  title =        "Software Defined Networking {(SDN)} and Network
                 Function Virtualization {(NFV)}",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7",
  day =          "02",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12010007",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 2 12:22:41 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/1/7",
  abstract =     "The role of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have been
                 instrumental in realizing the transition and vision
                 ``from black boxes to a white box towards facilitating
                 5G network architectures''. Though significant research
                 results and several deployments have occurred and
                 realized over the last few years focusing on the NFV
                 and SDN technologies, several issues --- both of
                 theoretical and practical importance --- remain still
                 open. Accordingly, the papers of this special issue are
                 significant contributions samples within the general
                 ecosystem highlighted above, ranging from SDN and NFV
                 architectures and implementations, to SDN-NFV
                 integration and orchestration approaches, while
                 considering issues associated with optimization,
                 network management and security aspects. In particular,
                 a total of nine excellent articles (one review and
                 eight original research articles) have been accepted,
                 following a rigorous review process, and addressing
                 many of the aforementioned challenges and beyond.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Software Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV).",
}

@Article{Patil:2020:DVA,
  author =       "Rajendra Patil and Harsha Dudeja and Chirag Modi",
  title =        "Designing in-{VM}-assisted lightweight agent-based
                 malware detection framework for securing virtual
                 machines in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-INT-J-INFO-SEC,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "147--162",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-019-00447-w",
  ISSN =         "1615-5262 (print), 1615-5270 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1615-5262",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 18 12:04:16 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjinfosec.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10207-019-00447-w",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Information Security",
  journal-URL =  "https://link.springer.com/journal/10207",
}

@Article{Perez:2020:OPN,
  author =       "Taciano D. Perez and Marcelo V. Neves and Diego
                 Medaglia and Pedro H. G. Monteiro and C{\'e}sar A. F.
                 {De Rose}",
  title =        "Orthogonal persistence in nonvolatile memory
                 architectures: a persistent heap design and its
                 implementation for a {Java Virtual Machine}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "368--387",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2781",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 14 11:05:22 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "17 December 2019",
}

@Article{Pham:2020:CAE,
  author =       "Minh Pham and Doan B. Hoang and Zenon Chaczko",
  title =        "Congestion-Aware and Energy-Aware Virtual Network
                 Embedding",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "210--223",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2019.2958367",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 15 14:18:12 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1109/TNET.2019.2958367",
  abstract =     "Network virtualization is an inherent component of
                 future internet architectures. Network resources are
                 virtualized from the underlying substrate and
                 elastically provisioned and offered to customers
                 on-demand. Optimal allocation of network resources in
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Pham:2020:MAR,
  author =       "Tuan-Minh Pham and Serge Fdida and Thi-Thuy-Lien
                 Nguyen and Hoai-Nam Chu",
  title =        "Modeling and analysis of robust service composition
                 for network functions virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "166",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 106989",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.106989",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 14 10:03:45 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128619305080",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Phung:2020:LPM,
  author =       "J. Phung and Y. C. Lee and A. Y. Zomaya",
  title =        "Lightweight Power Monitoring Framework for Virtualized
                 Computing Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2019.2936018",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 9 07:48:57 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Benchmark testing; Central Processing Unit;
                 containers; Energy efficiency; Estimation; Monitoring;
                 Power demand; Power measurement; power model; power
                 monitoring; running average power limit; Servers;
                 virtualization",
}

@Article{Qaiser:2020:NEB,
  author =       "Hammad ur Rehman Qaiser and Gao Shu",
  title =        "{Nash} equilibrium based replacement of virtual
                 machines for efficient utilization of cloud data
                 centers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2521--2540",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00789-7",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 15:46:37 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/102/12;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Rahmani:2020:BAV,
  author =       "Somayeh Rahmani and Vahid Khajehvand and Mohsen
                 Torabian",
  title =        "Burstiness-aware virtual machine placement in cloud
                 computing systems",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "362--387",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03037-8",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:53 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/76/1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Rajabzadeh:2020:NCM,
  author =       "Mehdi Rajabzadeh and Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat and
                 Amir Masoud Rahmani",
  title =        "New comprehensive model based on virtual clusters and
                 absorbing {Markov} chains for energy-efficient virtual
                 machine management in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "7438--7457",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03169-2",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:19:58 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03169-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 29 January 2020 Pages: 7438 - 7457",
}

@Article{Randal:2020:IVR,
  author =       "Allison Randal",
  title =        "The Ideal Versus the Real: Revisiting the History of
                 Virtual Machines and Containers",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:31",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3365199",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 20:55:29 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3365199",
  abstract =     "The common perception in both academic literature and
                 industry today is that virtual machines offer better
                 security, whereas containers offer better performance.
                 However, a detailed review of the history of these
                 technologies and the current threats they face reveals
                 a different story. This survey covers key developments
                 in the evolution of virtual machines and containers
                 from the 1950s to today, with an emphasis on countering
                 modern misperceptions with accurate historical details
                 and providing a solid foundation for ongoing research
                 into the future of secure isolation for multitenant
                 infrastructures, such as cloud and container
                 deployments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Rosendo:2020:AAD,
  author =       "Daniel Rosendo and Demis Gomes and Guto Leoni Santos
                 and Leylane Silva and Andre Moreira and Judith Kelner
                 and Djamel Sadok and Glauco Gon{\c{c}}alves and
                 Amardeep Mehta and Mattias Wildeman and Patricia Takako
                 Endo",
  title =        "Availability analysis of design configurations to
                 compose virtual performance-optimized data center
                 systems in next-generation cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "805--826",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2833",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 14 11:05:23 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "21 April 2020",
}

@Article{Rost:2020:HIV,
  author =       "Matthias Rost and Stefan Schmid",
  title =        "On the Hardness and Inapproximability of Virtual
                 Network Embeddings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "791--803",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.2975646",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 15 14:18:14 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1109/TNET.2020.2975646",
  abstract =     "Many resource allocation problems in the cloud can be
                 described as a basic Virtual Network Embedding Problem
                 (VNEP): the problem of finding a mapping of a {\em
                 request graph\/} (describing a workload) onto a {\em
                 substrate graph\/} \ldots{}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Saharan:2020:QEV,
  author =       "Shweta Saharan and Gaurav Somani and Gaurav Gupta and
                 Robin Verma and Manoj Singh Gaur and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "{QuickDedup}: Efficient {VM} deduplication in cloud
                 computing environments",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "139",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "18--31",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.01.002",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 18 09:26:12 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731519303442",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Saurabh:2020:ESC,
  author =       "Nishant Saurabh and Shajulin Benedict and Jorge G.
                 Barbosa and Radu Prodan",
  title =        "{Expelliarmus}: Semantic-centric virtual machine image
                 management in {IaaS} Clouds",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "146",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "107--121",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.08.001",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 26 16:11:03 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731520303415",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Sha:2020:MVM,
  author =       "Jing Sha and Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi and Dinesh Mavaluru
                 and Mohmmed Alshehri and Osama Alfarraj and Lila
                 Rajabion",
  title =        "A method for virtual machine migration in cloud
                 computing using a collective behavior-based
                 metaheuristics algorithm",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "e5441:1--e5441:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5441",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 07:52:12 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "25 July 2019",
}

@Article{Shirinbab:2020:PEC,
  author =       "Sogand Shirinbab and Lars Lundberg and Emiliano
                 Casalicchio",
  title =        "Performance evaluation of containers and virtual
                 machines when running {Cassandra} workload
                 concurrently",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "e5693:1--e5693:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5693",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 07:52:19 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "13 February 2020",
}

@Article{Sierra-Arriaga:2020:SIC,
  author =       "Federico Sierra-Arriaga and Rodrigo Branco and Ben
                 Lee",
  title =        "Security Issues and Challenges for Virtualization
                 Technologies",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "45:1--45:37",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3382190",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 8 17:24:43 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3382190",
  abstract =     "Virtualization-based technologies have become
                 ubiquitous in computing. While they provide an
                 easy-to-implement platform for scalable,
                 high-availability services, they also introduce new
                 security issues. Traditionally, discussions on security
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "45",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Son:2020:DII,
  author =       "Yunsik Son and Junho Jeong and YangSun Lee",
  title =        "Design and implementation of an {IoT--cloud} converged
                 virtual machine system",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "5259--5275",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02866-x",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 25 07:17:58 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227/76/7;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Tarafdar:2020:EQS,
  author =       "Anurina Tarafdar and Mukta Debnath and Rajib K. Das",
  title =        "Energy and quality of service-aware virtual machine
                 consolidation in a cloud data center",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "9095--9126",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03203-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:19:57 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03203-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 18 February 2020 Pages: 9095 - 9126",
}

@Article{Thakur:2020:MDV,
  author =       "Dipanwita Thakur and Manas Khatua",
  title =        "Multi-domain virtual network embedding with dynamic
                 flow migration in software-defined networks",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "162",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102639",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:36 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804520301132",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102639",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@TechReport{vanSchaik:2020:CLD,
  author =       "Stephan van Schaik and Marina Minkin and Andrew Kwong
                 and Daniel Genkin and Yuval Yarom",
  title =        "{CacheOut}: Leaking Data on {Intel CPUs} via Cache
                 Evictions",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  "University of Michigan and University of Adelaide and
                 Data61",
  address =      "Ann Arbor, MI, USA and Adelaide, Australia",
  pages =        "16",
  day =          "27",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2020",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 28 08:58:45 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://cacheoutattack.com/CacheOut.pdf",
  abstract =     "Recent speculative execution attacks, such as RIDL,
                 Fallout, and ZombieLoad, demonstrated that attackers
                 can leak information while it transits through various
                 microarchitectural buffers. Named Microarchitectural
                 Data Sampling (MDS) by Intel, these attacks are likened
                 to ``drinking from the firehose'', as the attacker has
                 little control over what data is observed and from what
                 origin. Unable to prevent these buffers from leaking,
                 Intel issued countermeasures via microcode updates that
                 overwrite the buffers when the CPU changes security
                 domains. In this work we present CacheOut, a new
                 microarchitectural attack that is capable of bypassing
                 Intel's buffer overwrite counter measures. We observe
                 that as data is being evicted from the CPU L1 cache, it
                 is often transferred back to the leaky CPU buffers
                 where it can be recovered by the attacker. CacheOut
                 improves over previous MDS attacks by allowing the
                 attacker to choose which data to leak from the CPU's L1
                 cache, as well as which part of a cache line to leak.
                 We demonstrate that CacheOut can leak information
                 across multiple security boundaries, including those
                 between hyperthreads, processes, and virtual machines,
                 and between user space and the operating system kernel,
                 and from SGX enclaves.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Veglis:2020:SEO,
  author =       "Andreas Veglis and Dimitrios Giomelakis",
  title =        "Search Engine Optimization",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6",
  day =          "31",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12010006",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 2 12:22:41 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/12/1/6",
  abstract =     "The role of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have been
                 instrumental in realizing the transition and vision
                 ``from black boxes to a white box towards facilitating
                 5G network architectures''. Though significant research
                 results and several deployments have occurred and
                 realized over the last few years focusing on the NFV
                 and SDN technologies, several issues --- both of
                 theoretical and practical importance --- remain still
                 open. Accordingly, the papers of this special issue are
                 significant contributions samples within the general
                 ecosystem highlighted above, ranging from SDN and NFV
                 architectures and implementations, to SDN-NFV
                 integration and orchestration approaches, while
                 considering issues associated with optimization,
                 network management and security aspects. In particular,
                 a total of nine excellent articles (one review and
                 eight original research articles) have been accepted,
                 following a rigorous review process, and addressing
                 many of the aforementioned challenges and beyond.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
  remark =       "Special Issue Search Engine Optimization.",
}

@Article{Wade:2020:EIP,
  author =       "April W. Wade and Prasad A. Kulkarni and Michael R.
                 Jantz",
  title =        "Exploring Impact of Profile Data on Code Quality in
                 the {HotSpot JVM}",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "48:1--48:26",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3391894",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 10 11:17:18 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3391894",
  abstract =     "Managed language virtual machines (VM) rely on dynamic
                 or just-in-time (JIT) compilation to generate optimized
                 native code at run-time to deliver high execution
                 performance. Many VMs and JIT compilers collect profile
                 data at run-time to enable profile-. \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "48",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tecs",
}

@Article{Wan:2020:MAC,
  author =       "B. Wan and J. Dang and Z. Li and H. Gong and F. Zhang
                 and S. Oh",
  title =        "Modeling Analysis and Cost-Performance Ratio
                 Optimization of Virtual Machine Scheduling in Cloud
                 Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1518--1532",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2020.2968913",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 19 11:19:41 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Analytical models; Cloud computing; Computational
                 modeling; cost-performance ratio optimization;
                 Elasticity; Optimization; Queueing analysis; queuing
                 system; Task analysis",
}

@Article{Wang:2020:ESF,
  author =       "Meng Wang and Bo Cheng and Junliang Chen",
  title =        "An Efficient Service Function Chaining Placement
                 Algorithm in Mobile Edge Computing",
  journal =      j-TOIT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32:1--32:21",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3388241",
  ISSN =         "1533-5399 (print), 1557-6051 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1533-5399",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 5 18:12:52 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3388241",
  abstract =     "Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a promising network
                 architecture that pushes network control and mobile
                 computing to the network edge. Recent studies propose
                 to deploy MEC applications in the Network Function
                 Virtualization (NFV) environment. The mobile \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "32",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/toit",
}

@Article{Wang:2020:MVN,
  author =       "Cong Wang and Fanghui Zheng and Guangcong Zheng and
                 Sancheng Peng and Zejie Tian and Yujia Guo and Guorui
                 Li and Ying Yuan",
  title =        "Modeling on virtual network embedding using
                 reinforcement learning",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "23",
  pages =        "e6020:1--e6020:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6020",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 07:52:22 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "22 September 2020",
}

@Article{Wang:2020:OVR,
  author =       "Xiaohui Wang and Haoran Gu and YuXian Yue",
  title =        "The optimization of virtual resource allocation in
                 cloud computing based on {RBPSO}",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "e5113:1--e5113:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5113",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 07:52:18 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "27 December 2018",
}

@Article{Wei:2020:EAE,
  author =       "Chen Wei and Zhi-Hua Hu and You-Gan Wang",
  title =        "Exact algorithms for energy-efficient virtual machine
                 placement in data centers",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "77--91",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.12.043",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 19 07:44:13 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X19319594",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Wu:2020:ESI,
  author =       "Yulei Wu and Zheng Yan and Zhiwei Zhao and Ahmed
                 Al-Dubai",
  title =        "Editorial: Special issue on {SDN}-based wireless
                 network virtualization",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "e5444:1--e5444:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5444",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 07:52:18 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "25 July 2019",
}

@Article{Xu:2020:AAR,
  author =       "Yajing Xu and Junnan Li and Zhihui Lu and Jie Wu and
                 Patrick C. K. Hung and Abdulhameed Alelaiwi",
  title =        "{ARVMEC}: Adaptive Recommendation of Virtual Machines
                 for {IoT} in Edge-Cloud Environment",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "141",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "23--34",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.03.006",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 26 16:11:01 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731520302045",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Xu:2020:BVM,
  author =       "Xiaolong Xu and Xuyun Zhang and Maqbool Khan and
                 Wanchun Dou and Shengjun Xue and Shui Yu",
  title =        "A balanced virtual machine scheduling method for
                 energy-performance trade-offs in cyber-physical cloud
                 systems",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "105",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "789--799",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.08.057",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 10 12:55:07 MST 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17318927",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Xu:2020:QAV,
  author =       "Zichuan Xu and Zhiheng Zhang and Weifa Liang and
                 Qiufen Xia and Omer Rana and Guowei Wu",
  title =        "{QoS}-Aware {VNF} Placement and Service Chaining for
                 {IoT} Applications in Multi-Tier Mobile Edge Networks",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23:1--23:27",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3387705",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 15 07:04:17 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3387705",
  abstract =     "Mobile edge computing and network function
                 virtualization (NFV) paradigms enable new flexibility
                 and possibilities of the deployment of extreme
                 low-latency services for Internet-of-Things (IoT)
                 applications within the proximity of their users.
                 However, \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "23",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tosn",
}

@Article{Yang:2020:IES,
  author =       "Chao-Tung Yang and Tsung-Yueh Wan",
  title =        "Implementation of an energy saving cloud
                 infrastructure with virtual machine power usage
                 monitoring and live migration on {OpenStack}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1547--1566",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00808-7",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 15:46:35 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/607/102/6;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Yang:2020:TRS,
  author =       "Song Yang and Fan Li and Stojan Trajanovski and
                 Xiaoming Fu",
  title =        "Traffic routing in stochastic network function
                 virtualization networks",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "169",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102765",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:39 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804520302393",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102765",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Yao:2020:JOF,
  author =       "Hong Yao and Muzhou Xiong and Hui Li and Lin Gu and
                 Deze Zeng",
  title =        "Joint optimization of function mapping and preemptive
                 scheduling for service chains in network function
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "108",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1112--1118",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.12.021",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 19 07:44:16 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17324305",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Yu:2020:CCC,
  author =       "Linchen Yu",
  title =        "{CCHybrid}: {CPU} co-scheduling in virtualization
                 environment",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "e4213:1--e4213:??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4213",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 31 07:52:13 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "20 June 2017",
}

@Article{Zhang:2020:PEE,
  author =       "Yiming Zhang and Huiba Li and Shengyun Liu and Jiawei
                 Xu and Guangtao Xue",
  title =        "{PBS}: an Efficient Erasure-Coded Block Storage System
                 Based on Speculative Partial Writes",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:25",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3365839",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 8 11:43:49 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3365839",
  abstract =     "Block storage provides virtual disks that can be
                 mounted by virtual machines (VMs). Although erasure
                 coding (EC) has been widely used in many cloud storage
                 systems for its high efficiency and durability, current
                 EC schemes cannot provide high-performance block
                 storage for the cloud. This is because they introduce
                 significant overhead to small write operations (which
                 perform partial write to an entire EC group), whereas
                 cloud-oblivious applications running on VMs are often
                 small-write-intensive. We identify the root cause for
                 the poor performance of partial writes in
                 state-of-the-art EC schemes: for each partial write,
                 they have to perform a time-consuming write-after-read
                 operation that reads the current value of the data and
                 then computes and writes the parity delta, which will
                 be used to patch the parity in journal replay.

                 In this article, we present a speculative partial write
                 scheme (called PARIX) that supports fast small writes
                 in erasure-coded storage systems. We transform the
                 original formula of parity calculation to use the data
                 deltas (between the current/original data values),
                 instead of the parity deltas, to calculate the parities
                 in journal replay. For each partial write, this allows
                 PARIX to speculatively log only the new value of the
                 data without reading its original value. For a series
                 of $n$ partial writes to the same data, PARIX performs
                 pure write (instead of write-after-read) for the last $
                 n - 1$ ones while only introducing a small penalty of
                 an extra network round-trip time to the first one.
                 Based on PARIX, we design and implement PARIX Block
                 Storage (PBS), an efficient block storage system that
                 provides high-performance virtual disk service for VMs
                 running cloud-oblivious applications. PBS not only
                 supports fast partial writes but also realizes
                 efficient full writes, background journal replay, and
                 fast failure recovery with strong consistency
                 guarantees. Both microbenchmarks and trace-driven
                 evaluation show that PBS provides efficient block
                 storage and outperforms state-of-the-art EC-based
                 systems by orders of magnitude.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tos",
}

@Article{Zhang:2020:PER,
  author =       "Sheng Zhang and Yu Liang and Jidong Ge and Mingjun
                 Xiao and Jie Wu",
  title =        "Provably Efficient Resource Allocation for Edge
                 Service Entities Using {Hermes}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1684--1697",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.2989307",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 23 08:45:28 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2020.2989307",
  abstract =     "Virtualization techniques help edge environments
                 separate the role of the traditional edge providers
                 into two: edge infrastructure providers (EIPs), who
                 manage the physical edge infrastructure, and edge
                 service providers (ESPs), who aggregate resources
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Zhao:2020:PHV,
  author =       "Sicheng Zhao and Xing Wu and Zuqing Zhu",
  title =        "On Parallel and Hitless {vSDN} Reconfiguration",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2657--2670",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.3014655",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 23 08:45:31 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2020.3014655",
  abstract =     "The symbiosis of network virtualization and
                 software-defined networking (SDN) enables an
                 infrastructure provider (InP) to build various virtual
                 software defined networks (vSDNs) over a shared
                 substrate network (SNT). To handle a dynamic network
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Zhong:2020:CEC,
  author =       "Zhiheng Zhong and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "A Cost-Efficient Container Orchestration Strategy in
                 {Kubernetes}-Based Cloud Computing Infrastructures with
                 Heterogeneous Resources",
  journal =      j-TOIT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15:1--15:24",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3378447",
  ISSN =         "1533-5399 (print), 1557-6051 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1533-5399",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 27 07:53:04 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3378447",
  abstract =     "Containers, as a lightweight application
                 virtualization technology, have recently gained immense
                 popularity in mainstream cluster management systems
                 like Google Borg and Kubernetes. Prevalently adopted by
                 these systems for task deployments of diverse
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "15",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/toit",
}

@Article{Ahmadian:2021:EET,
  author =       "S. Ahmadian and R. Salkhordeh and O. Mutlu and H.
                 Asadi",
  title =        "{ETICA}: Efficient Two-Level {I/O} Caching
                 Architecture for Virtualized Platforms",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2415--2433",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2021.3066308",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 15 13:49:27 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Alashaikh:2021:SUP,
  author =       "Abdulaziz Alashaikh and Eisa Alanazi and Ala
                 Al-Fuqaha",
  title =        "A Survey on the Use of Preferences for Virtual Machine
                 Placement in Cloud Data Centers",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "96:1--96:39",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3450517",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 10 07:58:00 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3450517",
  abstract =     "With the rapid development of virtualization
                 techniques, cloud data centers allow for
                 cost-effective, flexible, and customizable deployments
                 of applications on virtualized infrastructure. Virtual
                 machine (VM) placement aims to assign each virtual
                 machine to a server in the cloud environment. VM
                 Placement is of paramount importance to the design of
                 cloud data centers. Typically, VM placement involves
                 complex relations and multiple design factors as well
                 as local policies that govern the assignment decisions.
                 It also involves different constituents including cloud
                 administrators and customers that might have disparate
                 preferences while opting for a placement solution.
                 Thus, it is often valuable to return not only an
                 optimized solution to the VM placement problem but also
                 a solution that reflects the given preferences of the
                 constituents. In this article, we provide a detailed
                 review on the role of preferences in the recent
                 literature on VM placement. We examine different
                 preference representations found in the literature,
                 explain their existing usage, and explain the adopted
                 solving approaches. We further discuss key challenges
                 and identify possible research opportunities to better
                 incorporate preferences within the context of VM
                 placement.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "96",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Alboaneen:2021:MMJ,
  author =       "Dabiah Alboaneen and Hugo Tianfield and Yan Zhang and
                 Bernardi Pranggono",
  title =        "A metaheuristic method for joint task scheduling and
                 virtual machine placement in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "115",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "201--212",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.08.036",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 30 13:50:11 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X20310967",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Alqahtani:2021:ECR,
  author =       "Fayez Alqahtani and Mohammed Al-Maitah and Khaldoun
                 Besoul and S. K. Elagan",
  title =        "Elastic Computing Resource Virtualization Method for a
                 Service-centric Industrial {Internet of Things}",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "190",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "8",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.107955",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 1 09:19:00 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128621000918",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "107955",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Apostolopoulos:2021:RAV,
  author =       "Theodoros Apostolopoulos and Vasilios Katos and
                 Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo and Constantinos Patsakis",
  title =        "Resurrecting anti-virtualization and anti-debugging:
                 Unhooking your hooks",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "116",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "393--405",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.11.004",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 30 13:50:13 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X20330284",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Bendechache:2021:SER,
  author =       "Malika Bendechache",
  title =        "Simulating and Evaluating a Real-World {ElasticSearch}
                 System Using the {RECAP DES} Simulator",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "83",
  day =          "24",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13040083",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 23 17:52:28 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/4/83",
  abstract =     "Simulation has become an indispensable technique for
                 modelling and evaluating the performance of large-scale
                 systems efficiently and at a relatively low cost.
                 ElasticSearch (ES) is one of the most popular open
                 source large-scale distributed data indexing systems
                 worldwide. In this paper, we use the RECAP Discrete
                 Event Simulator (DES) simulator, an extension of
                 CloudSimPlus, to model and evaluate the performance of
                 a real-world cloud-based ES deployment by an Irish
                 small and medium-sized enterprise (SME), Opening.io.
                 Following simulation experiments that explored how much
                 query traffic the existing Opening.io architecture
                 could cater for before performance degradation, a
                 revised architecture was proposed, adding a new virtual
                 machine in order to dissolve the bottleneck. The
                 simulation results suggest that the proposed improved
                 architecture can handle significantly larger query
                 traffic (about 71\% more) than the current architecture
                 used by Opening.io. The results also suggest that the
                 RECAP DES simulator is suitable for simulating ES
                 systems and can help companies to understand their
                 infrastructure bottlenecks under various traffic
                 scenarios and inform optimisation and scalability
                 decisions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/",
}

@Article{Buchbinder:2021:OVM,
  author =       "Niv Buchbinder and Yaron Fairstein and Konstantina
                 Mellou and Ishai Menache and Joseph (Seffi) Naor",
  title =        "Online Virtual Machine Allocation with Lifetime and
                 Load Predictions",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--10",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3543516.3456278",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5999",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 8 06:42:40 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3543516.3456278",
  abstract =     "The cloud computing industry has grown rapidly over
                 the last decade, and with this growth there is a
                 significant increase in demand for compute resources.
                 Demand is manifested in the form of Virtual Machine
                 (VM) \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmetrics",
}

@Article{Cappellari:2021:CBD,
  author =       "Max Cappellari",
  title =        "A Cloud-Based Data Collaborative to Combat the
                 {COVID-19} Pandemic and to Solve Major Technology
                 Challenges",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "61",
  day =          "27",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13030061",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 26 12:47:18 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/3/61",
  abstract =     "The XPRIZE Foundation designs and operates
                 multi-million-dollar, global competitions to
                 incentivize the development of technological
                 breakthroughs that accelerate humanity toward a better
                 future. To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, the foundation
                 coordinated with several organizations to make datasets
                 about different facets of the disease available and to
                 provide the computational resources needed to analyze
                 those datasets. This paper is a case study of the
                 requirements, design, and implementation of the XPRIZE
                 Data Collaborative, which is a Cloud-based
                 infrastructure that enables the XPRIZE to meet its
                 COVID-19 mission and host future data-centric
                 competitions. We examine how a Cloud Native Application
                 can use an unexpected variety of Cloud technologies,
                 ranging from containers, serverless computing, to even
                 older ones such as Virtual Machines. We also search and
                 document the effects that the pandemic had on
                 application development in the Cloud. We include our
                 experiences of having users successfully exercise the
                 Data Collaborative, detailing the challenges
                 encountered and areas for improvement and future
                 work.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/",
}

@Article{Cardoso-Llach:2021:AIE,
  author =       "Daniel Cardoso-Llach and Eric Kaltman and Emek Erdolu
                 and Zachary Furste",
  title =        "An Archive of Interfaces: Exploring the Potential of
                 Emulation for Software Research, Pedagogy, and Design",
  journal =      j-PACMHCI,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "CSCW2",
  pages =        "294:1--294:22",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3476035",
  ISSN =         "2573-0142 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2573-0142",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 2 07:56:45 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmhci.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3476035",
  abstract =     "This paper explores the potential of distributed
                 emulation networks to support research and pedagogy
                 into historical and sociotechnical aspects of software.
                 Emulation is a type of virtualization that re-creates
                 the conditions for a piece of legacy \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "294",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
                 (PACMHCI)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/pacmhci",
}

@Article{Chehelgerdi-Samani:2021:PAP,
  author =       "Maryam Chehelgerdi-Samani and Faramarz Safi-Esfahani",
  title =        "{PCVM.ARIMA}: predictive consolidation of virtual
                 machines applying {ARIMA} method",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2172--2206",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03354-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:19:59 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03354-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 06 June 2020 Pages: 2172 - 2206",
}

@Article{Chetty:2021:VNF,
  author =       "Swarna Bindu Chetty",
  title =        "Virtual Network Function Embedding under Nodal Outage
                 Using Deep {Q}-Learning",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "82",
  day =          "23",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13030082",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 26 12:47:18 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/3/82",
  abstract =     "With the emergence of various types of applications
                 such as delay-sensitive applications, future
                 communication networks are expected to be increasingly
                 complex and dynamic. Network Function Virtualization
                 (NFV) provides the necessary support towards efficient
                 management of such complex networks, by virtualizing
                 network functions and placing them on shared commodity
                 servers. However, one of the critical issues in NFV is
                 the resource allocation for the highly complex
                 services; moreover, this problem is classified as an
                 NP-Hard problem. To solve this problem, our work
                 investigates the potential of Deep Reinforcement
                 Learning (DRL) as a swift yet accurate approach (as
                 compared to integer linear programming) for deploying
                 Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) under several
                 Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints such as latency,
                 memory, CPU, and failure recovery requirements. More
                 importantly, the failure recovery requirements are
                 focused on the node-outage problem where outage can be
                 either due to a disaster or unavailability of network
                 topology information (e.g., due to proprietary and
                 ownership issues). In DRL, we adopt a Deep Q-Learning
                 (DQL) based algorithm where the primary network
                 estimates the action-value function Q, as well as the
                 predicted Q, highly causing divergence in Q-value's
                 updates. This divergence increases for the larger-scale
                 action and state-space causing inconsistency in
                 learning, resulting in an inaccurate output. Thus, to
                 overcome this divergence, our work has adopted a
                 well-known approach, i.e., introducing Target Neural
                 Networks and Experience Replay algorithms in DQL. The
                 constructed model is simulated for two real network
                 topologies-Netrail Topology and BtEurope Topology-with
                 various capacities of the nodes (e.g., CPU core, VNFs
                 per Core), links (e.g., bandwidth and latency), several
                 VNF Forwarding Graph (VNF-FG) complexities, and
                 different degrees of the nodal outage from 0\% to 50\%.
                 We can conclude from our work that, with the increase
                 in network density or nodal capacity or VNF-FG's
                 complexity, the model took extremely high computation
                 time to execute the desirable results. Moreover, with
                 the rise in complexity of the VNF-FG, the resources
                 decline much faster. In terms of the nodal outage, our
                 model provided almost 70-90\% Service Acceptance Rate
                 (SAR) even with a 50\% nodal outage for certain
                 combinations of scenarios.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/",
}

@Article{ElMotaki:2021:PBM,
  author =       "Saloua {El Motaki} and Ali Yahyaouy and Hamid
                 Gualous",
  title =        "A prediction-based model for virtual machine live
                 migration monitoring in a cloud datacenter",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "103",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2711--2735",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-021-00981-3",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 9 09:55:42 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-021-00981-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Computing",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Eramo:2021:PIC,
  author =       "Vincenzo Eramo and Francesco Valente and Tiziana
                 Catena and Francesco Giacinto Lavacca",
  title =        "Proposal and Investigation of a Convolutional and
                 {LSTM} Neural Network for the Cost-Aware Resource
                 Prediction in Softwarized Networks",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "316",
  day =          "16",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13120316",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 19 05:45:14 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/12/316",
  abstract =     "Resource prediction algorithms have been recently
                 proposed in Network Function Virtualization
                 architectures. A prediction-based resource allocation
                 is characterized by higher operation costs due to: (i)
                 Resource underestimate that leads to quality of service
                 degradation; (ii) used cloud resource over allocation
                 when a resource overestimate occurs. To reduce such a
                 cost, we propose a cost-aware prediction algorithm able
                 to minimize the sum of the two cost components. The
                 proposed prediction solution is based on a
                 convolutional and Long Short Term Memory neural network
                 to handle the spatial and temporal correlations of the
                 need processing capacities. We compare in a real
                 network and traffic scenario the proposed technique to
                 a traditional one in which the aim is to exactly
                 predict the needed processing capacity. We show how the
                 proposed solution allows for cost advantages in the
                 order of 20\%.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Fan:2021:RTU,
  author =       "Xingpeng Fan and Hongli Xu and He Huang and Xuwei
                 Yang",
  title =        "Real-Time Update of Joint {SFC} and Routing in
                 Software Defined Networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2664--2677",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2021.3095935",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 15 05:49:27 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2021.3095935",
  abstract =     "To meet the ever-increasing demands for high-quality
                 network services, a software defined network (SDN) can
                 support various virtual network functions (VNFs) using
                 virtualization technology. Due to network dynamics, an
                 SDN needs to be updated frequently to \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Farkiani:2021:PDD,
  author =       "Behrooz Farkiani and Bahador Bakhshi and S. Ali
                 MirHassani and Tim Wauters and Bruno Volckaert and
                 Filip {De Turck}",
  title =        "Prioritized Deployment of Dynamic Service Function
                 Chains",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "979--993",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2021.3055074",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 20 07:36:12 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2021.3055074",
  abstract =     "Service Function Chaining and Network Function
                 Virtualization are enabling technologies that provide
                 dynamic network services with diverse QoS requirements.
                 Regarding the limited infrastructure resources, service
                 providers need to prioritize service \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Feizollahibarough:2021:SAV,
  author =       "Sattar Feizollahibarough and Mehrdad Ashtiani",
  title =        "A security-aware virtual machine placement in the
                 cloud using hesitant fuzzy decision-making processes",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "5606--5636",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03496-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:20:01 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03496-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 09 November 2020 Pages: 5606 - 5636",
}

@Article{Geissler:2021:DTM,
  author =       "Stefan Geissler and Stanislav Lange and Leonardo
                 Linguaglossa and Dario Rossi and Thomas Zinner and
                 Tobias Hossfeld",
  title =        "Discrete-Time Modeling of {NFV} Accelerators that
                 Exploit Batched Processing",
  journal =      j-TOMPECS,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11:1--11:27",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3488243",
  ISSN =         "2376-3639 (print), 2376-3647 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2376-3639",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 2 06:32:09 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tompecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3488243",
  abstract =     "Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is among the
                 latest network revolutions, promising increased
                 flexibility and avoiding network ossification. At the
                 same time, all-software NFV implementations on
                 commodity hardware raise performance issues when
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance
                 Evaluation of Computing Systems (TOMPECS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tompecs",
}

@Article{Gong:2021:TLS,
  author =       "X. Gong and D. Cao and Y. Li and X. Liu and Y. Li and
                 J. Zhang and T. Li",
  title =        "A Thread Level {SLO}-Aware {I/O} Framework for
                 Embedded Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "500--513",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 15 12:52:54 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Gutierrez:2021:RTP,
  author =       "Juan Roberto L{\'o}pez Guti{\'e}rrez and Pedro Ponce
                 and Arturo Molina",
  title =        "Real-Time Power Electronics Laboratory to Strengthen
                 Distance Learning Engineering Education on Smart Grids
                 and Microgrids",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "237",
  day =          "17",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13090237",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 28 10:43:54 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/9/237",
  abstract =     "In the science and engineering fields of study, a
                 hands-on learning experience is as crucial a part of
                 the learning process for the student as the theoretical
                 aspect of a given subject. With the COVID-19 pandemic
                 in 2020, educational institutions were forced to
                 migrate to digital platforms to ensure the continuity
                 of the imparted lectures. The online approach can be
                 challenging for engineering programs, especially in
                 courses that employ practical laboratory methods as the
                 primary teaching strategies. Laboratory courses that
                 include specialized hardware and software cannot
                 migrate to a virtual environment without compromising
                 the advantages that a hands-on method provides to the
                 engineering student. This work assesses different
                 approaches in the virtualization process of a
                 laboratory facility, diving these into key factors such
                 as required communication infrastructure and available
                 technologies; it opens a discussion on the trends and
                 possible obstacles in the virtualization of a Real-Time
                 (RT) laboratory intended for Microgrid education in a
                 power electronics laboratory course, exposing the main
                 simulation strategies that can be used in an RT
                 environment and how these have different effects on the
                 learning process of student, as well as addressing the
                 main competencies an engineering student can strengthen
                 through interaction with RT simulation technologies.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/",
}

@Article{Haugerud:2021:DSP,
  author =       "H{\aa}rek Haugerud and Huy Nhut Tran and Nadjib
                 Aitsaadi and Anis Yazidi",
  title =        "A dynamic and scalable parallel {Network Intrusion
                 Detection System} using intelligent rule ordering and
                 Network Function Virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "124",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "254--267",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.05.037",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 9 09:07:20 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X21001874",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Huang:2021:ESC,
  author =       "Chih-Kai Huang and Shan-Hsiang Shen",
  title =        "Enabling Service Cache in Edge Clouds",
  journal =      j-TIOT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "18:1--18:24",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3456564",
  ISSN =         "2691-1914 (print), 2577-6207 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2691-1914",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 11 10:46:28 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tiot.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3456564",
  abstract =     "The next-generation 5G cellular networks are designed
                 to support the internet of things (IoT) networks;
                 network components and services are virtualized and run
                 either in virtual machines (VMs) or containers.
                 Moreover, edge clouds (which are closer to \ldots{}).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "18",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet of Things (TIOT)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tiot",
}

@Article{Iserte:2021:IME,
  author =       "Sergio Iserte and Javier Prades and Carlos Rea{\~n}o
                 and Federico Silla",
  title =        "Improving the management efficiency of {GPU} workloads
                 in data centers through {GPU} virtualization",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "e5275:1--e5275:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5275",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 18 08:31:19 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "10 April 2019",
}

@Article{Karthikeyan:2021:EAS,
  author =       "Ramamoorthy Karthikeyan and Venkatachalam
                 Balamurugan",
  title =        "Energy-aware and {SLA}-guaranteed optimal virtual
                 machine swap and migrate system in cloud-{Internet of
                 Things}",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "e6171:1--e6171:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6171",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 18 08:31:25 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "10 January 2021",
}

@Article{Katsikas:2021:MHP,
  author =       "Georgios P. Katsikas and Tom Barbette and Dejan
                 Kosti{\'c} and Gerald Q. {Maguire, Jr.} and Rebecca
                 Steinert",
  title =        "{Metron}: High-performance {NFV} Service Chaining Even
                 in the Presence of Blackboxes",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "3:1--3:45",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3465628",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 10 13:25:43 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3465628",
  abstract =     "Deployment of 100Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) links
                 challenges the packet processing limits of commodity
                 hardware used for Network Functions Virtualization
                 (NFV). Moreover, realizing chained network functions
                 (i.e., service chains) necessitates the use of
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tocs",
}

@Article{Kiani:2021:NAP,
  author =       "Mohsen Kiani and Mohammad Reza Khayyambashi",
  title =        "A network-aware and power-efficient virtual machine
                 placement scheme in cloud datacenters based on chemical
                 reaction optimization",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "196",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "4",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108270",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 1 09:19:03 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128621002954",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "108270",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Kiperberg:2021:PMC,
  author =       "Michael Kiperberg",
  title =        "Preventing malicious communication using
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-J-INFO-SEC-APPL,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2021.102871",
  ISSN =         "2214-2126",
  ISSN-L =       "2214-2126",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 8 11:59:38 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jinfosecappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214212621001009",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Info. Sec. Appl.",
  articleno =    "102871",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Information Security and Applications
                 (JISA)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/22142126",
}

@Article{Kucab:2021:RAI,
  author =       "Micha{\l} Kucab and Piotr Bory{\l}o and Piotr
                 Cho{\l}da",
  title =        "Remote attestation and integrity measurements with
                 {Intel SGX} for virtual machines",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 102300",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102300",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 22 14:55:05 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404821001243",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Lin:2021:TOP,
  author =       "I-Chieh Lin and Yu-Hsuan Yeh and Kate Ching-Ju Lin",
  title =        "Toward Optimal Partial Parallelization for Service
                 Function Chaining",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "2033--2044",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2021.3075709",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 20 07:36:15 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2021.3075709",
  abstract =     "The emergence of Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
                 and Service Function Chaining (SFC) together enable
                 flexible and agile network management and traffic
                 engineering. Due to the sequential execution nature of
                 SFC, the latency would grow linearly with \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Liu:2021:ISD,
  author =       "Jianchun Liu and Hongli Xu and Gongming Zhao and Chen
                 Qian and Xingpeng Fan and Xuwei Yang and He Huang",
  title =        "Incremental Server Deployment for Software-Defined
                 {NFV}-Enabled Networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "248--261",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.3030298",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 15 09:48:15 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2020.3030298",
  abstract =     "Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a new
                 paradigm to enable service innovation through
                 virtualizing traditional network functions. To
                 construct a new NFV-enabled network, there are two
                 critical requirements: minimizing server deployment
                 cost and \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Mai:2021:EES,
  author =       "Liuyang Mai and Yi Ding and Xiaoning Zhang and Lang
                 Fan and Shui Yu and Zhichao Xu",
  title =        "Energy efficiency with service availability guarantee
                 for Network Function Virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "119",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "140--153",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.02.002",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 30 13:50:17 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X21000479",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Mansouri:2021:REC,
  author =       "Yaser Mansouri and M. Ali Babar",
  title =        "A review of edge computing: Features and resource
                 virtualization",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "150",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "155--183",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.12.015",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 26 16:11:05 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731520304317",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Mirobi:2021:DDA,
  author =       "G. Justy Mirobi and L. Arockiam",
  title =        "{DAVmS}: {Distance Aware Virtual Machine Scheduling}
                 approach for reducing the response time in cloud
                 computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "6664--6675",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03563-w",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 28 16:44:32 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03563-w",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Moreno:2021:OSF,
  author =       "Jes{\'u}s Fernando Cevallos Moreno and Rebecca Sattler
                 and Ra{\'u}l P. Caulier Cisterna and Lorenzo Ricciardi
                 Celsi and Aminael S{\'a}nchez Rodr{\'\i}guez and
                 Massimo Mecella",
  title =        "Online Service Function Chain Deployment for
                 Live-Streaming in Virtualized Content Delivery
                 Networks: a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "278",
  day =          "29",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13110278",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 19 05:45:13 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/11/278",
  abstract =     "Video delivery is exploiting 5G networks to enable
                 higher server consolidation and deployment flexibility.
                 Performance optimization is also a key target in such
                 network systems. We present a multi-objective
                 optimization framework for service function chain
                 deployment in the particular context of Live-Streaming
                 in virtualized content delivery networks using deep
                 reinforcement learning. We use an Enhanced Exploration,
                 Dense-reward mechanism over a Dueling Double Deep Q
                 Network (E2-D4QN). Our model assumes to use network
                 function virtualization at the container level. We
                 carefully model processing times as a function of
                 current resource utilization in data ingestion and
                 streaming processes. We assess the performance of our
                 algorithm under bounded network resource conditions to
                 build a safe exploration strategy that enables the
                 market entry of new bounded-budget vCDN players.
                 Trace-driven simulations with real-world data reveal
                 that our approach is the only one to adapt to the
                 complexity of the particular context of Live-Video
                 delivery concerning the state-of-art algorithms
                 designed for general-case service function chain
                 deployment. In particular, our simulation test revealed
                 a substantial QoS/QoE performance improvement in terms
                 of session acceptance ratio against the compared
                 algorithms while keeping operational costs within
                 proper bounds.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Mostafavi:2021:QSP,
  author =       "Seyedakbar Mostafavi and Vesal Hakami and Maryam
                 Sanaei",
  title =        "Quality of service provisioning in network function
                 virtualization: a survey",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "103",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "917--991",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-021-00925-x",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 9 09:55:39 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-021-00925-x",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Computing",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Najafizadegan:2021:AMS,
  author =       "Negin Najafizadegan and Eslam Nazemi and Vahid
                 Khajehvand",
  title =        "An autonomous model for self-optimizing virtual
                 machine selection by learning automata in cloud
                 environment",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1352--1386",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2960",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 17 14:47:49 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "15 March 2021",
}

@Article{Nemati:2021:HBV,
  author =       "Hani Nemati and Seyed Vahid Azhari and Mahsa Shakeri
                 and Michel Dagenais",
  title =        "Host-Based Virtual Machine Workload Characterization
                 Using Hypervisor Trace Mining",
  journal =      j-TOMPECS,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:25",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3460197",
  ISSN =         "2376-3639 (print), 2376-3647 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2376-3639",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 2 06:32:08 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tompecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3460197",
  abstract =     "Cloud computing is a fast-growing technology that
                 provides on-demand access to a pool of shared
                 resources. This type of distributed and complex
                 environment requires advanced resource management
                 solutions that could model virtual machine (VM)
                 behavior. \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance
                 Evaluation of Computing Systems (TOMPECS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tompecs",
}

@Article{Padhy:2021:MCA,
  author =       "Satyajit Padhy and Jerry Chou",
  title =        "{MIRAGE}: a consolidation aware migration avoidance
                 genetic job scheduling algorithm for virtualized data
                 centers",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "154",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "106--118",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2021.03.004",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 10 06:39:17 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731521000575",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Papaevripides:2021:EMB,
  author =       "Michalis Papaevripides and Elias Athanasopoulos",
  title =        "Exploiting Mixed Binaries",
  journal =      j-TOPS,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7:1--7:29",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3418898",
  ISSN =         "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2471-2566",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 5 09:05:32 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3418898",
  abstract =     "Unsafe programming systems are still very popular,
                 despite the shortcomings due to several published
                 memory-corruption vulnerabilities. Toward defending
                 memory corruption, compilers have started to employ
                 advanced software hardening such as Control-flow
                 Integrity (CFI) and SafeStack. However, there is a
                 broad interest for realizing compilers that impose
                 memory safety with no heavy runtime support (e.g.,
                 garbage collection). Representative examples of this
                 category are Rust and Go, which enforce memory safety
                 primarily statically at compile time.\par

                 Software hardening and Rust/Go are promising directions
                 for defending memory corruption, albeit combining the
                 two is questionable. In this article, we consider
                 hardened mixed binaries, i.e., machine code that has
                 been produced from different compilers and, in
                 particular, from hardened C/C++ and Rust/Go (e.g.,
                 Mozilla Firefox, Dropbox, npm, and Docker). Our
                 analysis is focused on Mozilla Firefox, which
                 outsources significant code to Rust and is open source
                 with known public vulnerabilities (with assigned CVE).
                 Furthermore, we extend our analysis in mixed binaries
                 that leverage Go, and we derive similar
                 results.\par

                 The attacks explored in this article do not exploit
                 Rust or Go binaries that depend on some legacy
                 (vulnerable) C/C++ code. In contrast, we explore how
                 Rust/Go compiled code can stand as a vehicle for
                 bypassing hardening in C/C++ code. In particular, we
                 discuss CFI and SafeStack, which are available in the
                 latest Clang. Our assessment concludes that CFI can be
                 completely nullified through Rust or Go code by
                 constructing much simpler attacks than state-of-the-art
                 CFI bypasses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "7",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}

@Article{Peng:2021:TON,
  author =       "Bo Peng and Ming Yang and Jianguo Yao and Haibing
                 Guan",
  title =        "A Throughput-Oriented {NVMe} Storage Virtualization
                 With Workload-Aware Management",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2112--2124",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2020.3037817",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 11 08:55:47 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Qiao:2021:DSR,
  author =       "Wenxin Qiao and Hao Lu and Yu Lu and Lijie Meng and
                 Yicen Liu",
  title =        "A Dynamic Service Reconfiguration Method for
                 Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "260",
  day =          "09",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100260",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 22 11:19:02 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/10/260",
  abstract =     "Satellite-terrestrial integrated networks (STINs) are
                 regarded as a promising solution to meeting the demands
                 of global high-speed seamless network access in the
                 future. Software-defined networking and network
                 function virtualization (SDN/NFV) are two complementary
                 technologies that can be used to ensure that the
                 heterogeneous resources in STINs can be easily managed
                 and deployed. Considering the dual mobility of
                 satellites and ubiquitous users, along with the dynamic
                 requirements of user requests and network resource
                 states, it is challenging to maintain service
                 continuity and high QoE performance in STINs. Thus, we
                 investigate the service migration and reconfiguration
                 scheme, which are of great significance to the
                 guarantee of continuous service provisioning.
                 Specifically, this paper proposes a dynamic service
                 reconfiguration method that can support flexible
                 service configurations on integrated networks,
                 including LEO satellites and ground nodes. We first
                 model the migration cost as an extra delay incurred by
                 service migration and reconfiguration and then
                 formulate the selection processes of the location and
                 migration paths of virtual network functions (VNFs) as
                 an integer linear programming (ILP) optimization
                 problem. Then, we propose a fuzzy logic and quantum
                 genetic algorithm (FQGA) to obtain an approximate
                 optimal solution that can accelerate the solving
                 process efficiently with the benefits of the
                 high-performance computing capacity of QGA. The
                 simulation results validate the effectiveness and
                 improved performance of the scheme proposed in this
                 paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/",
}

@Article{Quraishi:2021:SSA,
  author =       "M. H. Quraishi and E. B. Tavakoli and F. Ren",
  title =        "A Survey of System Architectures and Techniques for
                 {FPGA} Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2216--2230",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2021.3063670",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 15 13:54:51 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Raman:2021:CWS,
  author =       "Narayani Raman and Aisha Banu Wahab and Sutherson
                 Chandrasekaran",
  title =        "Computation of workflow scheduling using
                 backpropagation neural network in cloud computing: a
                 virtual machine placement approach",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "9454--9473",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-03648-0",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 28 16:44:33 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-021-03648-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Sadegh:2021:TPV,
  author =       "Samaneh Sadegh and Kamran Zamanifar and Piotr Kasprzak
                 and Ramin Yahyapour",
  title =        "A two-phase virtual machine placement policy for
                 data-intensive applications in cloud",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "180",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2021.103025",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:43 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804521000515",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103025",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Salami:2021:EEC,
  author =       "Hamza Onoruoiza Salami and Abubakar Bala and Idris
                 Ismail",
  title =        "An energy-efficient cuckoo search algorithm for
                 virtual machine placement in cloud computing data
                 centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "13330--13357",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-03807-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 28 16:44:31 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-021-03807-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Sallam:2021:JPA,
  author =       "Gamal Sallam and Bo Ji",
  title =        "Joint Placement and Allocation of {VNF} Nodes With
                 Budget and Capacity Constraints",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1238--1251",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2021.3058378",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 20 07:36:12 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2021.3058378",
  abstract =     "With the advent of Network Function Virtualization
                 (NFV), network services that traditionally run on
                 proprietary dedicated hardware can now be realized
                 using Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) that are hosted
                 on general-purpose commodity hardware. This new
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Scazzariello:2021:MSA,
  author =       "Mariano Scazzariello and Lorenzo Ariemma and Giuseppe
                 {Di Battista} and Maurizio Patrignani",
  title =        "{Megalos}: a Scalable Architecture for the
                 Virtualization of Large Network Scenarios",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "227",
  day =          "30",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13090227",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 28 10:43:54 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/9/227",
  abstract =     "We introduce an open-source, scalable, and distributed
                 architecture, called Megalos, that supports the
                 implementation of virtual network scenarios consisting
                 of virtual devices (VDs) where each VD may have several
                 Layer 2 interfaces assigned to virtual LANs. We rely on
                 Docker containers to realize vendor-independent VDs and
                 we leverage Kubernetes for the management of the nodes
                 of a distributed cluster. Our architecture does not
                 require platform-specific configurations and supports a
                 seamless interconnection between the virtual
                 environment and the physical one. Also, it guarantees
                 the segregation of each virtual LAN traffic from the
                 traffic of other LANs, from the cluster traffic, and
                 from Internet traffic. Further, a packet is only sent
                 to the cluster node containing the recipient VD. We
                 produce several example applications where we emulate
                 large network scenarios, with thousands of VDs and
                 LANs. Finally, we experimentally show the scalability
                 potential of Megalos by measuring the overhead of the
                 distributed environment and of its signaling
                 protocols.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/",
}

@Article{Simoes:2021:DAS,
  author =       "Rhodney Sim{\~o}es and Kelvin Dias and Ricardo
                 Martins",
  title =        "Dynamic Allocation of {SDN} Controllers in {NFV}-Based
                 {MEC} for the {Internet of Vehicles}",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "270",
  day =          "26",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13110270",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 19 05:45:13 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/13/11/270",
  abstract =     "The expected huge amount of connected cars and
                 applications with varying Quality of Service (QoS)
                 demands still depend on agile/flexible networking
                 infrastructure to deal with dynamic service requests to
                 the control plane, which may become a bottleneck for 5G
                 and Beyond Software-Defined Network (SDN) based
                 Internet of Vehicles (IoV). At the heart of this issue
                 is the need for an architecture and optimization
                 mechanisms that benefit from cutting edge technologies
                 while granting latency bounds in order to control and
                 manage the dynamic nature of IoV. To this end, this
                 article proposes an autonomic software-defined
                 vehicular architecture grounded on the synergy of
                 Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) and Network Functions
                 Virtualization (NFV) along with a heuristic approach
                 and an exact model based on linear programming to
                 efficiently optimize the dynamic resource allocation of
                 SDN controllers, ensuring load balancing between
                 controllers and employing reserve resources for
                 tolerance in case of demand variation. The analyses
                 carried out in this article consider: (a) to avoid
                 waste of limited MEC resources, (b) to devise load
                 balancing among controllers, (c) management complexity,
                 and (d) to support scalability in dense IoV scenarios.
                 The results show that the heuristic efficiently manages
                 the environment even in highly dynamic and dense
                 scenarios.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Song:2021:CRE,
  author =       "Weijia Song and Christina Delimitrou and Zhiming Shen
                 and Robbert {Van Renesse} and Hakim Weatherspoon and
                 Lotfi Benmohamed and Frederic {De Vaulx} and Charif
                 Mahmoudi",
  title =        "{CacheInspector}: Reverse Engineering Cache Resources
                 in Public Clouds",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "35:1--35:25",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3457373",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 29 08:21:11 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3457373",
  abstract =     "Infrastructure-as-a-Service cloud providers sell
                 virtual machines that are only specified in terms of
                 number of CPU cores, amount of memory, and I/O
                 throughput. Performance-critical aspects such as cache
                 sizes and memory latency are missing or reported in
                 ways that make them hard to compare across cloud
                 providers. It is difficult for users to adapt their
                 application's behavior to the available resources. In
                 this work, we aim to increase the visibility that cloud
                 users have into shared resources on public clouds.
                 Specifically, we present CacheInspector, a lightweight
                 runtime that determines the performance and allocated
                 capacity of shared caches on multi-tenant public
                 clouds. We validate CacheInspector's accuracy in a
                 controlled environment, and use it to study the
                 characteristics and variability of cache resources in
                 the cloud, across time, instances, availability
                 regions, and cloud providers. We show that
                 CacheInspector's output allows cloud users to tailor
                 their application's behavior, including their output
                 quality, to avoid suboptimal performance when resources
                 are scarce.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "35",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/taco",
}

@Article{Tiburski:2021:LVM,
  author =       "Ram{\~a}o T. Tiburski and Carlos R. Moratelli and
                 S{\'e}rgio F. Johann and Everton de Matos and Fabiano
                 Hessel",
  title =        "A lightweight virtualization model to enable edge
                 computing in deeply embedded systems",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1964--1981",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.2968",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 21 10:29:07 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "18 March 2021",
}

@Article{Wu:2021:SLS,
  author =       "Hao Wu and Xin Chen and He Guo",
  title =        "Scheduling large-scale scientific workflow on virtual
                 machines with different numbers of {vCPUs}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "679--710",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03273-3",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 14 09:19:58 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-020-03273-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
  online-date =  "Published: 23 April 2020 Pages: 679 - 710",
}

@Article{Xiao:2021:IEE,
  author =       "Peng Xiao and Zhenyu Ni and Zhigang Hu",
  title =        "Improving the energy-efficiency of virtual machines by
                 {I/O} compensation",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "11135--11159",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-03678-8",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 28 16:44:30 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-021-03678-8",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Xie:2021:OAM,
  author =       "Yanghao Xie and Sheng Wang and Binbin Wang and
                 Shizhong Xu and Xiong Wang and Jing Ren",
  title =        "Online algorithm for migration aware Virtualized
                 Network Function placing and routing in dynamic {5G}
                 networks",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "194",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "20",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108115",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 1 09:19:03 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128621001924",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "108115",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Yang:2021:FGR,
  author =       "Yang Yang and Songtao Guo and Guiyan Liu and Lin Yi",
  title =        "Fine granularity resource allocation of virtual data
                 center with consideration of virtual switches",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "175",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102916",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 24 15:12:41 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804520303751",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "102916",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Yang:2021:SHS,
  author =       "Ye Yang and Haiyang Jiang and Guangxing Zhang and Xin
                 Wang and Yilong Lv and Xing Li and Serge Fdida and
                 Gaogang Xie",
  title =        "{S2H}: Hypervisor as a setter within {Virtualized
                 Network I/O} for {VM} isolation on cloud platform",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "201",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108577",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 1 09:19:06 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128621004862",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "108577",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Ye:2021:SSD,
  author =       "Z. Ye and Y. Wang and S. He and C. Xu and X. Sun",
  title =        "{Sova}: a Software-Defined Autonomic Framework for
                 Virtual Network Allocations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "116--130",
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 15 14:52:38 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Yilmaz:2021:FGC,
  author =       "Fadi Yilmaz and Meera Sridhar and Abhinav Mohanty and
                 Vasant Tendulkar and Kevin W. Hamlen",
  title =        "A fine-grained classification and security analysis of
                 web-based virtual machine vulnerabilities",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "105",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 102246",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102246",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 4 07:59:03 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404821000705",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Zerouali:2021:MDA,
  author =       "Ahmed Zerouali and Tom Mens and Alexandre Decan and
                 Jesus Gonzalez-Barahona and Gregorio Robles",
  title =        "A multi-dimensional analysis of technical lag in
                 {Debian}-based {Docker} images",
  journal =      j-EMPIR-SOFTWARE-ENG,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ESENFW",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09908-6",
  ISSN =         "1382-3256 (print), 1573-7616 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1382-3256",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 30 15:09:47 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/empir-software-eng.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10664-020-09908-6;
                 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-020-09908-6.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "Empirical Software Engineering",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10664",
}

@Article{Zhan:2021:CAW,
  author =       "Yang Zhan and Alex Conway and Yizheng Jiao and Nirjhar
                 Mukherjee and Ian Groombridge and Michael A. Bender and
                 Martin Farach-Colton and William Jannen and Rob Johnson
                 and Donald E. Porter and Jun Yuan",
  title =        "Copy-on-Abundant-Write for Nimble File System Clones",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5:1--5:27",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3423495",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 5 11:10:27 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3423495",
  abstract =     "Making logical copies, or clones, of files and
                 directories is critical to many real-world applications
                 and workflows, including backups, virtual machines, and
                 containers. An ideal clone implementation meets the
                 following performance goals: (1) creating \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "5",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tos",
}

@Article{Zhang:2021:CHP,
  author =       "Xuzhi Zhang and Xiaozhe Shao and George Provelengios
                 and Naveen Kumar Dumpala and Lixin Gao and Russell
                 Tessier",
  title =        "{CoNFV}: a Heterogeneous Platform for Scalable Network
                 Function Virtualization",
  journal =      j-TRETS,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:29",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3409113",
  ISSN =         "1936-7406 (print), 1936-7414 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1936-7406",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 16 07:17:04 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/trets.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3409113",
  abstract =     "Network function virtualization (NFV) is a powerful
                 networking approach that leverages computing resources
                 to perform a time-varying set of network processing
                 functions. Although microprocessors can be used for
                 this purpose, their performance limitations and lack of
                 specialization present implementation challenges. In
                 this article, we describe a new heterogeneous
                 hardware-software NFV platform called CoNFV that
                 provides scalability and programmability while
                 supporting significant hardware-level parallelism and
                 reconfiguration. Our computing platform takes advantage
                 of both field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and
                 microprocessors to implement numerous virtual network
                 functions (VNF) that can be dynamically customized to
                 specific network flow needs. The most distinctive
                 feature of our system is the use of global network
                 state to coordinate NFV operations. Traffic management
                 and hardware reconfiguration functions are performed by
                 a global coordinator that allows for the rapid sharing
                 of network function states and continuous evaluation of
                 network function needs. With the help of state sharing
                 mechanism offered by the coordinator, customer-defined
                 VNF instances can be easily migrated between
                 heterogeneous middleboxes as the network environment
                 changes. A resource allocation and scheduling algorithm
                 dynamically assesses resource deployments as network
                 flows and conditions are updated. We show that our
                 deployment algorithm can successfully reallocate FPGA
                 and microprocessor resources in a fraction of a second
                 in response to changes in network flow capacity and
                 network security threats including intrusion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and
                 Systems (TRETS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/trets",
}

@Article{Zhang:2021:KSV,
  author =       "Yiming Zhang and Chengfei Zhang and Yaozheng Wang and
                 Kai Yu and Guangtao Xue and Jon Crowcroft",
  title =        "{KylinX}: Simplified Virtualization Architecture for
                 Specialized Virtual Appliances with Strong Isolation",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "1--4",
  pages =        "2:1--2:27",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3436512",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 25 09:04:45 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3436512",
  abstract =     "Unikernel specializes a minimalistic LibOS and a
                 target application into a standalone single-purpose
                 virtual machine (VM) running on a hypervisor, which is
                 referred to as (virtual) appliance. Compared to
                 traditional VMs, Unikernel appliances have smaller
                 memory footprint and lower overhead while guaranteeing
                 the same level of isolation. On the downside, Unikernel
                 strips off the process abstraction from its monolithic
                 appliance and thus sacrifices flexibility, efficiency,
                 and applicability.\par

                 In this article, we examine whether there is a balance
                 embracing the best of both Unikernel appliances (strong
                 isolation) and processes (high flexibility/efficiency).
                 We present KylinX, a dynamic library operating system
                 for simplified and efficient cloud virtualization by
                 providing the pVM (process-like VM) abstraction. A pVM
                 takes the hypervisor as an OS and the Unikernel
                 appliance as a process allowing both page-level and
                 library-level dynamic mapping. At the page level,
                 KylinX supports pVM fork plus a set of API for
                 inter-pVM communication (IpC, which is compatible with
                 conventional UNIX IPC). At the library level, KylinX
                 supports shared libraries to be linked to a Unikernel
                 appliance at runtime. KylinX enforces mapping
                 restrictions against potential threats. We implement a
                 prototype of KylinX by modifying MiniOS and Xen tools.
                 Extensive experimental results show that KylinX
                 achieves similar performance both in micro benchmarks
                 (fork, IpC, library update, etc.) and in applications
                 (Redis, web server, and DNS server) compared to
                 conventional processes, while retaining the strong
                 isolation benefit of VMs/Unikernels.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "2",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tocs",
}

@Article{Zhang:2021:OAI,
  author =       "Qixia Zhang and Fangming Liu and Chaobing Zeng",
  title =        "Online Adaptive Interference-Aware {VNF} Deployment
                 and Migration for {5G} Network Slice",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "2115--2128",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2021.3080197",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 20 07:36:15 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2021.3080197",
  abstract =     "Based on network function virtualization (NFV) and
                 software defined network (SDN), {$<$ italic$>$ network}
                 {slicing$<$}/{italic$>$} is proposed as a new paradigm
                 for building service-customized 5G network. In each
                 network slice, service-required virtual network
                 functions \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Zhang:2021:TVM,
  author =       "Jiachen Zhang and Lixiao Cui and Peng Li and Xiaoguang
                 Liu and Gang Wang",
  title =        "Toward Virtual Machine Image Management for Persistent
                 Memory",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "20:1--20:24",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3450976",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 15 05:45:21 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3450976",
  abstract =     "Persistent memory's (PM) byte-addressability and high
                 capacity will also make it emerging for virtualized
                 environment. Modern virtual machine monitors virtualize
                 PM using either I/O virtualization or memory
                 virtualization. However, I/O virtualization will
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tos",
}

@Article{Zhang:2021:VGA,
  author =       "Xiaoli Zhang and Qi Li and Zeyu Zhang and Jianping Wu
                 and Jiahai Yang",
  title =        "{vSFC}: Generic and Agile Verification of Service
                 Function Chains in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--91",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2020.3028846",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 15 09:48:15 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2020.3028846",
  abstract =     "With the advent of network function virtualization
                 (NFV), outsourcing network functions (NFs) to the cloud
                 is becoming increasingly popular for enterprises since
                 it brings significant benefits for NF deployment and
                 maintenance, such as improved \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Zhao:2021:LSA,
  author =       "N. Zhao and V. Tarasov and H. Albahar and A. Anwar and
                 L. Rupprecht and D. Skourtis and A. K. Paul and K. Chen
                 and A. R. Butt",
  title =        "Large-Scale Analysis of {Docker} Images and
                 Performance Implications for Container Storage
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "918--930",
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2020.3034517",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 19 06:51:50 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Adoga:2022:NFV,
  author =       "Haruna Umar Adoga and Dimitrios P. Pezaros",
  title =        "Network Function Virtualization and Service Function
                 Chaining Frameworks: a Comprehensive Review of
                 Requirements, Objectives, Implementations, and Open
                 Research Challenges",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "59",
  day =          "15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14020059",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 25 07:09:39 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/2/59",
  abstract =     "Network slicing has become a fundamental property for
                 next-generation networks, especially because an
                 inherent part of 5G standardisation is the ability for
                 service providers to migrate some or all of their
                 network services to a virtual network infrastructure,
                 thereby reducing both capital and operational costs.
                 With network function virtualisation (NFV), network
                 functions (NFs) such as firewalls, traffic load
                 balancers, content filters, and intrusion detection
                 systems (IDS) are either instantiated on virtual
                 machines (VMs) or lightweight containers, often chained
                 together to create a service function chain (SFC). In
                 this work, we review the state-of-the-art NFV and SFC
                 implementation frameworks and present a taxonomy of the
                 current proposals. Our taxonomy comprises three major
                 categories based on the primary objectives of each of
                 the surveyed frameworks: (1) resource allocation and
                 service orchestration, (2) performance tuning, and (3)
                 resilience and fault recovery. We also identify some
                 key open research challenges that require further
                 exploration by the research community to achieve
                 scalable, resilient, and high-performance NFV/SFC
                 deployments in next-generation networks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Ahmadi:2022:CIB,
  author =       "Javad Ahmadi and Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat and Amir
                 Masoud Rahmani and Reza Ravanmehr",
  title =        "Confidence interval-based overload avoidance algorithm
                 for virtual machine placement",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2288--2311",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3127",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 28 12:16:34 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "29 July 2022",
}

@Article{Ahmadi:2022:FAV,
  author =       "Javad Ahmadi and Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat and Amir
                 Masoud Rahmani and Reza Ravanmehr",
  title =        "A flexible approach for virtual machine selection in
                 cloud data centers with {AHP}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1216--1241",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3062",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 28 12:16:31 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "22 December 2021",
}

@Article{Alachiotis:2022:SPR,
  author =       "Nikolaos Alachiotis and Panagiotis Skrimponis and
                 Manolis Pissadakis and Dionisios Pnevmatikatos",
  title =        "Scalable Phylogeny Reconstruction with Disaggregated
                 Near-memory Processing",
  journal =      j-TRETS,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25:1--25:32",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3484983",
  ISSN =         "1936-7406 (print), 1936-7414 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1936-7406",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 24 07:29:32 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/trets.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3484983",
  abstract =     "Disaggregated computer architectures eliminate
                 resource fragmentation in next-generation datacenters
                 by enabling virtual machines to employ resources such
                 as CPUs, memory, and accelerators that are physically
                 located on different servers. While this paves
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "25",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and
                 Systems (TRETS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/trets",
}

@Article{Alharbe:2022:FGG,
  author =       "Nawaf Alharbe and Abeer Aljohani and Mohamed Ali
                 Rakrouki",
  title =        "A Fuzzy Grouping Genetic Algorithm for Solving a
                 Real-World Virtual Machine Placement Problem in a
                 Healthcare-Cloud",
  journal =      j-ALGORITHMS-BASEL,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "ALGOCH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/a15040128",
  ISSN =         "1999-4893 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-4893",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 22 10:29:44 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algorithms.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/4/128",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "128",
  fjournal =     "Algorithms (Basel)",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/algorithms",
  pagecount =    "??",
}

@Article{Alharbi:2022:NSA,
  author =       "Abdullah Alharbi and Mohammed Aljebreen and Amr Tolba
                 and Konstantinos A. Lizos and Saied Abd El-Atty and
                 Farid Shawki",
  title =        "A Normalized Slicing-assigned Virtualization Method
                 for 6G-based Wireless Communication Systems",
  journal =      j-TOMM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3s",
  pages =        "134:1--134:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3546077",
  ISSN =         "1551-6857 (print), 1551-6865 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1551-6857",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 22 10:29:31 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tomccap.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3546077",
  abstract =     "The next generation of wireless communication systems
                 will rely on advantageous sixth-generation wireless
                 network (6G) features and \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Multimed Comput. Commun. Appl.",
  articleno =    "134",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing,
                 Communications, and Applications",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tomm",
}

@Article{Alnaim:2022:MPT,
  author =       "Abdulrahman K. Alnaim",
  title =        "Misuse Patterns from the Threat of Modification of
                 Non-Control Data in Network Function Virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "201",
  day =          "30",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14070201",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 26 06:44:01 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/7/201",
  abstract =     "Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a virtual
                 network model, the goal of which is a cost-efficient
                 transition of the hardware infrastructure into a
                 flexible and reliable software platform. However, this
                 transition comes at the cost of more security threats.
                 A key part of this virtualization environment is the
                 hypervisor, which emulates the hardware resources to
                 provide a runtime environment for virtual machines
                 (VMs). The hypervisor is considered a major attack
                 vector and must be secured to ensure network service
                 continuity. The virtualization environment contains
                 critical non-control data where compromise could lead
                 to several misuses, including information leakage and
                 privilege and resource modification. In this paper, we
                 present a misuse pattern for an attack that exploits
                 the security vulnerabilities of the hypervisor to
                 compromise the integrity of non-control data in the NFV
                 environment. Misuse patterns are used to describe how
                 attacks are carried out from the attackers'
                 perspective. The threat of modification of non-control
                 data can lead to several misuses, and in this paper, we
                 discuss three of them. The defenses to this attack can
                 be incorporated into the Security Reference
                 Architecture (SRA) of the NFV system to prevent these
                 misuses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Battisti:2022:NSV,
  author =       "Anselmo Luiz {\'E}den Battisti and Evandro Luiz
                 Cardoso Macedo and Marina Ivanov Pereira Josu{\'e} and
                 Hugo Barbalho and Fl{\'a}via C. Delicato and D{\'e}bora
                 Christina Muchaluat-Saade and Paulo F. Pires and
                 Douglas Paulo de Mattos and Ana Cristina Bernardo de
                 Oliveira",
  title =        "A Novel Strategy for {VNF} Placement in Edge Computing
                 Environments",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "361",
  day =          "30",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14120361",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 27 09:26:52 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/12/361",
  abstract =     "Network function virtualization (NFV) is a novel
                 technology that virtualizes computing, network, and
                 storage resources to decouple the network functions
                 from the underlying hardware, thus allowing the
                 software implementation of such functions to run on
                 commodity hardware. By doing this, NFV provides the
                 necessary flexibility to enable agile, cost-effective,
                 and on-demand service delivery models combined with
                 automated management. Different management and
                 orchestration challenges arise in such virtualized and
                 distributed environments. A major challenge in the
                 selection of the most suitable edge nodes is that of
                 deploying virtual network functions (VNFs) to meet
                 requests from multiple users. This article addresses
                 the VNF placement problem by providing a novel integer
                 linear programming (ILP) optimization model and a novel
                 VNF placement algorithm. In our definition, the
                 multi-objective optimization problem aims to (i)
                 minimize the energy consumption in the edge nodes; (ii)
                 minimize the total latency; and (iii) reducing the
                 total cost of the infrastructure. Our new solution
                 formulates the VNF placement problem by taking these
                 three objectives into account simultaneously. In
                 addition, the novel VNF placement algorithm leverages
                 VNF sharing, which reuses VNF instances already placed
                 to potentially reduce computational resource usage.
                 Such a feature is still little explored in the
                 community. Through simulation, numerical results show
                 that our approach can perform better than other
                 approaches found in the literature regarding resource
                 consumption and the number of SFC requests met.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Benomar:2022:CBN,
  author =       "Zakaria Benomar and Francesco Longo and Giovanni
                 Merlino and Antonio Puliafito",
  title =        "Cloud-based Network Virtualization in {IoT} with
                 {OpenStack}",
  journal =      j-TOIT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19:1--19:26",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3460818",
  ISSN =         "1533-5399 (print), 1557-6051 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1533-5399",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 10 05:28:20 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3460818",
  abstract =     "In Cloud computing deployments, specifically in the
                 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) model, networking is
                 one of the core enabling facilities provided for the
                 users. The IaaS approach ensures significant
                 flexibility and manageability, since the \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "19",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/toit",
}

@Article{Bermejo:2022:GME,
  author =       "Belen Bermejo and Carlos Juiz",
  title =        "A general method for evaluating the overhead when
                 consolidating servers: performance degradation in
                 virtual machines and containers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "11345--11372",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04318-5",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 6 08:11:51 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-022-04318-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Bhagavathi:2022:IBS,
  author =       "Hariharan Bhagavathi and Siva Rathinavelayatham and
                 Kaliraj Shanmugaiah and Kamaraj Kanagaraj and Dinesh
                 Elangovan",
  title =        "Improved beetle swarm optimization algorithm for
                 energy efficient virtual machine consolidation on cloud
                 environment",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "e6828:1--e6828:??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6828",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 13 09:55:03 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "13 January 2022",
}

@Article{Bhattacharya:2022:PMI,
  author =       "Tathagata Bhattacharya and Xiaopu Peng and Jianzhou
                 Mao and Chaowei Zhang and Taha Takreeti and Ye Wang and
                 Ting Cao and Xiao Qin",
  title =        "Performance modeling for {I/O}-intensive applications
                 on virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "e6823:1--e6823:??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6823",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 13 09:55:03 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "18 January 2022",
}

@Article{Carpio:2022:SMR,
  author =       "Francisco Carpio and Wolfgang Bziuk and Admela Jukan",
  title =        "Scaling migrations and replications of {Virtual
                 Network Functions} based on network traffic
                 forecasting",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "203",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "11",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108582",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 1 09:19:07 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128621004898",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "108582",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Catena:2022:DLB,
  author =       "Tiziana Catena and Vincenzo Eramo and Massimo Panella
                 and Antonello Rosato",
  title =        "Distributed {LSTM}-based cloud resource allocation in
                 {Network Function Virtualization Architectures}",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "213",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "4",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2022.109111",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 4 05:58:27 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128622002390",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "109111",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Chen:2022:DUL,
  author =       "Jiahao Chen and Dingji Li and Zeyu Mi and Yuxuan Liu
                 and Binyu Zang and Haibing Guan and Haibo Chen",
  title =        "{DuVisor}: A user-level hypervisor through delegated
                 virtualization,",
  journal =      "arXiv.org",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--17",
  day =          "22",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2022",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.09652",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 19 08:16:51 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/risc-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.09652",
  abstract =     "Today's mainstream virtualization systems comprise of
                 two cooperative components: a kernel-resident driver
                 that accesses virtualization hardware and a user-level
                 helper process that provides VM management and I/O
                 virtualization. However, this virtualization
                 architecture has intrinsic issues in both security (a
                 large attack surface) and performance. While there is a
                 long thread of work trying to minimize the
                 kernel-resident driver by offloading functions to user
                 mode, they face a fundamental tradeoff between security
                 and performance: more offloading may reduce the kernel
                 attack surface, yet increase the runtime ring crossings
                 between the helper process and the driver, and thus
                 more performance cost.\par This paper explores a new
                 design called delegated virtualization, which
                 completely separates the control plane (the kernel
                 driver) from the data plane (the helper process) and
                 thus eliminates the kernel driver from runtime
                 intervention. The resulting user-level hypervisor,
                 called DuVisor, can handle all VM operations without
                 trapping into the kernel once the kernel driver has
                 done the initialization. DuVisor retrofits existing
                 hardware virtualization support with a new delegated
                 virtualization extension to directly handle VM exits,
                 configure virtualization registers, manage the stage-2
                 page table and virtual devices in user mode. We have
                 implemented the hardware extension on an open-source
                 RISC-V CPU and built a Rust-based hypervisor atop the
                 hardware. Evaluation on FireSim shows that DuVisor
                 outperforms KVM by up to 47.96\% in a variety of
                 real-world applications and significantly reduces the
                 attack surface.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Choi:2022:EDP,
  author =       "Yeseul Choi and Yunjong Jeong and Daehee Jang and
                 Brent Byunghoon Kang and Hojoon Lee",
  title =        "{EmuID}: Detecting presence of emulation through
                 microarchitectural characteristic on {ARM}",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "113",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 102569",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102569",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 22 14:55:12 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016740482100393X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Dai:2022:RBV,
  author =       "Guangli Dai and Pavan Kumar Paluri and Albert Mo Kim
                 Cheng and Bozheng Liu",
  title =        "Regularity-Based Virtualization Under the {ARINC 653
                 Standard for Embedded Systems}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2592--2605",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3138019",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 8 07:59:47 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Dias:2022:SLR,
  author =       "Alexandre H. T. Dias and Luiz. H. A. Correia and
                 Neumar Malheiros",
  title =        "A Systematic Literature Review on Virtual Machine
                 Consolidation",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "176:1--176:38",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3470972",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 5 08:39:24 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3470972",
  abstract =     "Virtual machine consolidation has been a widely
                 explored topic in recent years due to Cloud Data
                 Centers' effect on global energy consumption. Thus,
                 academia and companies made efforts to achieve green
                 computing, reducing energy consumption to minimize
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "176",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Durairaj:2022:TSV,
  author =       "Selvam Durairaj and Rajeswari Sridhar",
  title =        "Task scheduling to a virtual machine using a
                 multi-objective mayfly approach for a cloud
                 environment",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "24",
  pages =        "e7236:1--e7236:??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7236",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:25 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "28 July 2022",
}

@Article{Eiling:2022:CVL,
  author =       "Niklas Eiling and Jonas Baude and Stefan Lankes and
                 Antonello Monti",
  title =        "{Cricket}: a virtualization layer for distributed
                 execution of {CUDA} applications with
                 checkpoint\slash restart support",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "e6474:1--e6474:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6474",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:16 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "06 July 2021",
}

@Article{ElBalmany:2022:SVM,
  author =       "Chawki {El Balmany} and Zakariae Tbatou and Ahmed
                 Asimi and Mohamed Bamarouf",
  title =        "Secure Virtual Machine Image Storage Process into a
                 Trusted Zone-based Cloud Storage",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "120",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 102815",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2022.102815",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 27 18:09:30 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404822002097",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Fraga:2022:FSD,
  author =       "Martin Fraga and Mat{\'\i}as Micheletto and Andr{\'e}s
                 Llin{\'a}s and Rodrigo Santos and Paula Zabala",
  title =        "Flow Scheduling in Data Center Networks with Time and
                 Energy Constraints: a Software-Defined Network
                 Approach",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "65",
  day =          "21",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14020065",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 25 07:09:39 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/2/65",
  abstract =     "Flow scheduling in Data Center Networks (DCN) is a hot
                 topic as cloud computing and virtualization are
                 becoming the dominant paradigm in the increasing demand
                 of digital services. Within the cost of the DCN, the
                 energy demands associated with the network
                 infrastructure represent an important portion. When
                 flows have temporal restrictions, the scheduling with
                 path selection to reduce the number of active switching
                 devices is a NP-hard problem as proven in the
                 literature. In this paper, an heuristic approach to
                 schedule real-time flows in data-centers is proposed,
                 optimizing the temporal requirements while reducing the
                 energy consumption in the network infrastructure via a
                 proper selection of the paths. The experiments show
                 good performance of the solutions found in relation to
                 exact solution approximations based on an integer
                 linear programming model. The possibility of
                 programming the network switches allows the dynamic
                 schedule of paths of flows under the software-defined
                 network management.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Haris:2022:LMV,
  author =       "Raseena M. Haris and Khaled M. Khan and Armstrong
                 Nhlabatsi",
  title =        "Live migration of virtual machine memory content in
                 networked systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "209",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "22",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2022.108898",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 27 06:10:39 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128622000962",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "108898",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{He:2022:CCA,
  author =       "TianZhang He and Adel N. Toosi and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "\pkg{CAMIG}: Concurrency-Aware Live Migration
                 Management of Multiple Virtual Machines in
                 {SDN}-Enabled Clouds",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2318--2331",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2021.3139014",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 10 07:55:27 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Helali:2022:SLC,
  author =       "Leila Helali and Mohamed Nazih Omri",
  title =        "Software License Consolidation and Resource
                 Optimization in Container-based Virtualized Data
                 Centers",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-022-09602-5",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 7 17:03:22 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-022-09602-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Grid Comp.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Henry:2022:HMH,
  author =       "Niroshini Infantia Henry and C Anbuananth and S
                 Kalarani",
  title =        "Hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for optimal virtual
                 machine placement and migration in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "28",
  pages =        "e7353:1--e7353:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7353",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:28 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "29 September 2022",
}

@Article{Hummaida:2022:SVM,
  author =       "Abdul Rahman Hummaida and Norman W. Paton and Rizos
                 Sakellariou",
  title =        "Scalable Virtual Machine Migration using Reinforcement
                 Learning",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-022-09603-4",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 7 17:03:22 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-022-09603-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Grid Comp.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Jia:2022:GND,
  author =       "Xingguo Jia and Jin Zhang and Boshi Yu and Xingyue
                 Qian and Zhengwei Qi and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "{GiantVM}: a Novel Distributed Hypervisor for Resource
                 Aggregation with {DSM-aware} Optimizations",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20:1--20:27",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3505251",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 25 07:03:00 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3505251",
  abstract =     "We present GiantVM, an open-source distributed
                 hypervisor that provides the many-to-one virtualization
                 to aggregate resources from multiple physical machines.
                 We propose techniques to enable distributed CPU and I/O
                 virtualization and distributed shared \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "20",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/taco",
}

@Article{Karmakar:2022:UAN,
  author =       "Kamalesh Karmakar and Somrita Banerjee and Rajib K.
                 Das and Sunirmal Khatua",
  title =        "Utilization aware and network {I/O} intensive virtual
                 machine placement policies for cloud data center",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "205",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2022.103442",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 20 16:30:20 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804522000959",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103442",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Khan:2022:RSR,
  author =       "Hassan Mahmood Khan and Fang-Fang Chua and Timothy
                 Tzen Vun Yap",
  title =        "{ReSQoV}: a Scalable Resource Allocation Model for
                 {QoS}-Satisfied Cloud Services",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "131",
  day =          "26",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14050131",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 27 12:03:38 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/5/131",
  abstract =     "Dynamic resource provisioning is made more accessible
                 with cloud computing. Monitoring a running service is
                 critical, and modifications are performed when specific
                 criteria are exceeded. It is a standard practice to add
                 or delete resources in such situations. We investigate
                 the method to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS),
                 estimate the required resources, and modify allotted
                 resources depending on workload, serialization, and
                 parallelism due to resources. This article focuses on
                 cloud QoS violation remediation using resource planning
                 and scaling. A Resource Quantified Scaling for QoS
                 Violation (ReSQoV) model is proposed based on the
                 Universal Scalability Law (USL), which provides cloud
                 service capacity for specific workloads and generates a
                 capacity model. ReSQoV considers the system overheads
                 while allocating resources to maintain the agreed QoS.
                 As the QoS violation detection decision is Probably
                 Violation and Definitely Violation, the remedial action
                 is triggered, and required resources are added to the
                 virtual machine as vertical scaling. The scenarios
                 emulate QoS parameters and their respective resource
                 utilization for ReSQoV compared to policy-based
                 resource allocation. The results show that after
                 USLbased Quantified resource allocation, QoS is
                 regained, and validation of the ReSQoV is performed
                 through the statistical test ANOVA that shows the
                 significant difference before and after
                 implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Kong:2022:NIV,
  author =       "Yuqiang Kong and Yaoping He and Karlo Abnoosian",
  title =        "Nature-inspired virtual machine placement mechanisms:
                 a systematic review",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "e6900:1--e6900:??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6900",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:12 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "08 March 2022",
}

@Article{Kwon:2022:SFF,
  author =       "Dongup Kwon and Wonsik Lee and Dongryeong Kim and
                 Junehyuk Boo and Jangwoo Kim",
  title =        "{SmartFVM}: a Fast, Flexible, and Scalable
                 Hardware-based Virtualization for Commodity Storage
                 Devices",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12:1--12:27",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3511213",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 9 06:54:11 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3511213",
  abstract =     "A computational storage device incorporating a
                 computation unit inside or near its storage unit is a
                 highly promising technology to maximize a storage
                 server's performance. However, to apply such
                 computational storage devices and take their full
                 potential in virtualized environments, server
                 architects must resolve a fundamental challenge:
                 cost-effective virtualization. This critical challenge
                 can be directly addressed by the following questions:
                 (1) how to virtualize two different hardware units
                 (i.e., computation and storage), and (2) how to
                 integrate them to construct virtual computational
                 storage devices, and (3) how to provide them to users.
                 However, the existing methods for computational storage
                 virtualization severely suffer from their low
                 performance and high costs due to the lack of
                 hardware-assisted virtualization support.\par

                 In this work, we propose SmartFVM-Engine, an FPGA card
                 designed to maximize the performance and
                 cost-effectiveness of computational storage
                 virtualization. SmartFVM-Engine introduces three key
                 ideas to achieve the design goals. First, it achieves
                 high virtualization performance by applying
                 hardware-assisted virtualization to both computation
                 and storage units. Second, it further improves the
                 performance by applying hardware-assisted resource
                 orchestration for the virtualized units. Third, it
                 achieves high cost-effectiveness by dynamically
                 constructing and scheduling virtual computational
                 storage devices. To the best of our knowledge, this is
                 the first work to implement a hardware-assisted
                 virtualization mechanism for modern computational
                 storage devices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tos",
}

@Article{Li:2022:SIM,
  author =       "Zhuozhao Li and Tanmoy Sen and Haiying Shen and Mooi
                 Choo Chuah",
  title =        "A Study on the Impact of Memory {DoS} Attacks on Cloud
                 Applications and Exploring Real-Time Detection
                 Schemes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1644--1658",
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2022.3144895",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 17 13:15:08 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2022.3144895",
  abstract =     "Even though memory denial-of-service attacks can cause
                 severe performance degradations on co-located virtual
                 machines, a previous detection scheme against such
                 attacks cannot accurately detect the attacks and also
                 generates high detection \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Li:2022:VAT,
  author =       "Chong Li and Sisu Xi and Chenyang Lu and Roch
                 Gu{\'e}rin and Christopher D. Gill",
  title =        "Virtualization-Aware Traffic Control for Soft
                 Real-Time Network Traffic on {Xen}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "257--270",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2021.3114055",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 15 05:49:29 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2021.3114055",
  abstract =     "As the role of virtualization technology becomes more
                 prevalent, the range of applications deployed in
                 virtualized systems is steadily growing. This
                 increasingly includes applications with soft real-time
                 requirements that benefit from low and predictable
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Liu:2022:AFB,
  author =       "Danxu Liu and Junjie Peng and Xin Zhang and Yongkang
                 You and Bo Ning",
  title =        "Application features-based virtual machine deployment
                 strategy in cloud environment",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "e6691:1--e6691:??",
  day =          "28",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6691",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 22 09:50:08 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "02 November 2021",
}

@Article{Liu:2022:EAV,
  author =       "Xialin Liu and Junsheng Wu and Lijun Chen and Lili
                 Zhang",
  title =        "Energy-aware virtual machine consolidation based on
                 evolutionary game theory",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "e6830:1--e6830:??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6830",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 13 09:55:03 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "19 January 2022",
}

@Article{Mangalampalli:2022:WDN,
  author =       "Ashish Mangalampalli and Avinash Kumar",
  title =        "\pkg{WBATimeNet}: a deep neural network approach for
                 {VM Live Migration} in the cloud",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "135",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "438--449",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.05.016",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 10 07:12:09 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X2200187X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Memari:2022:LAT,
  author =       "Pedram Memari and Seyedeh Samira Mohammadi and Reza
                 Tavakkoli-Moghaddam",
  title =        "A latency-aware task scheduling algorithm for
                 allocating virtual machines in a cost-effective and
                 time-sensitive fog-cloud architecture",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "93--122",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-03868-4",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 28 16:44:33 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-021-03868-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Montazerolghaem:2022:SVV,
  author =       "Ahmadreza Montazerolghaem",
  title =        "Softwarization and virtualization of {VoIP} networks",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "14471--14503",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04448-w",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 19 08:40:45 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-022-04448-w",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@InProceedings{Moratelli:2022:MRV,
  author =       "Carlos Moratelli and Ram{\~a}o Tiburski and S{\'e}rgio
                 F. Johann and Emanuel Moura and Everton {De Matos} and
                 Fabiano Hessel",
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things
                 (WF-IoT)}",
  title =        "{MIPS} and {RISC-V}: Evaluating Virtualization
                 Trade-off for Edge Devices",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "1--6",
  year =         "2022",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT54382.2022.10152084",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 16 15:51:40 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/risc-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Najjari:2022:SOL,
  author =       "Ahmadreza Hassannezhad Najjari and Ali Asghar Pourhaji
                 Kazem",
  title =        "A systematic overview of live virtual machine
                 migration methods",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "e6915:1--e6915:??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6915",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:19 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "09 May 2022",
}

@Article{Niu:2022:NMN,
  author =       "Zhixiong Niu and Qiang Su and Peng Cheng and Yongqiang
                 Xiong and Dongsu Han and Keith Winstein and Chun Jason
                 Xue and Hong Xu",
  title =        "{NetKernel}: Making Network Stack Part of the
                 Virtualized Infrastructure",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "999--1013",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2021.3129806",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 17 13:15:06 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2021.3129806",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a system called NetKernel that
                 decouples the network stack from the guest virtual
                 machine and offers it as an independent module.
                 NetKernel represents a new paradigm where network stack
                 can be managed as part of the virtualized \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Nong:2022:ARC,
  author =       "Mengxin Nong and Lingfeng Huang and Mingtao Liu",
  title =        "Allocation of Resources for Cloud Survivability in
                 Smart Manufacturing",
  journal =      j-TMIS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "45:1--45:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3533701",
  ISSN =         "2158-656X (print), 2158-6578 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2158-656X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 9 08:04:44 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tmis.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3533701",
  abstract =     "With the development of virtualization technology,
                 cloud computing has emerged as a powerful and flexible
                 platform for various services such as online trading.
                 However, there are concerns about the survivability of
                 cloud services in smart manufacturing. \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "45",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems
                 (TMIS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tmis",
}

@Article{Peake:2022:PVP,
  author =       "Joshua Peake and Martyn Amos and Nicholas Costen and
                 Giovanni Masala and Huw Lloyd",
  title =        "{PACO--VMP}: Parallel Ant Colony Optimization for
                 Virtual Machine Placement",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "129",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "174--186",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.11.019",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 9 09:07:29 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X21004568",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Peng:2022:MNM,
  author =       "Bo Peng and Jianguo Yao and Yaozu Dong and Haibing
                 Guan",
  title =        "{MDev-NVMe}: Mediated Pass-Through {NVMe}
                 Virtualization Solution With Adaptive Polling",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "251--265",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2020.3045785",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 20 07:18:16 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Rahman:2022:EET,
  author =       "Fatin Hamadah Rahman and S. H. Shah Newaz and
                 Thien-Wan Au and Wida Susanty Suhaili and M. A. Parvez
                 Mahmud and Gyu Myoung Lee",
  title =        "{EnTruVe}: {ENergy} and {TRUst}-aware Virtual Machine
                 allocation in {VEhicle} fog computing for catering
                 applications in {5G}",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "126",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "196--210",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.07.036",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 9 09:07:24 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X21002983",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Sa:2022:FLR,
  author =       "Bruno S{\'a} and Jos{\'e} Martins and Sandro Pinto",
  title =        "A First Look at {RISC-V} Virtualization From an
                 Embedded Systems Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2177--2190",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3124320",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 11 09:05:14 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Samuelson:2022:LSA,
  author =       "Pamela Samuelson",
  title =        "Legally speaking: {Apple}'s challenge to
                 virtualization software",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "24--26",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3538636",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 24 09:17:58 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3538636",
  abstract =     "Is it okay for security researchers to virtualize
                 software to look for vulnerabilities?",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Singh:2022:OSA,
  author =       "Garima Singh and Anil Kumar Singh",
  title =        "Optimization of {SLA} aware live migration of multiple
                 virtual machines using {Lagrange} multiplier",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "130",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "279--291",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.01.001",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 9 09:07:30 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X22000073",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Surantha:2022:ISN,
  author =       "Nico Surantha and Noffal A. Putra",
  title =        "Integrated {SDN-NFV} {5G} Network Performance and
                 Management-Complexity Evaluation",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "378",
  day =          "14",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14120378",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 27 09:26:52 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/12/378",
  abstract =     "Digitalization is one of the factors that affects the
                 acceleration of the application of telecommunications
                 technologies such as 5G. The 5G technology that has
                 been developed today does not yet meet different
                 performance and manageability standards, particularly
                 for data center networks as a supportive technology.
                 Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function
                 virtualization (NFV) are two complementary technologies
                 that are currently used by almost all data centers in
                 the telecommunications industry to rectify performance
                 and manageability issues. In this study, we deliver an
                 integrated SDN-NFV architecture to simplify network
                 management activities in telecommunication companies.
                 To improve network performance at the computing level,
                 we performed a modification of a networking system at
                 the computing level, underlying NFV devices by
                 replacing the default virtual switch with a data plane
                 development kit (DPDK) and single root I/O
                 virtualization (SR-IOV). This study evaluated the
                 proposed architecture design in terms of network
                 performance and manageability. Based on 30 days of
                 observation in prime time, the proposed solution
                 increased throughput up to 200 Mbps for the server leaf
                 and 1.6 Gbps for the border leaf compared to the legacy
                 architecture. Meanwhile, the latency decreased to 12 ms
                 for the server leaf and 17 ms for the border leaf. For
                 manageability, we tested three different scenarios and
                 achieved savings of 13 min for Scenario 1, 22 min for
                 Scenario 2 and 9 min for Scenario 3.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Thabet:2022:SBO,
  author =       "Marwa Thabet and Brahim Hnich and Mouhebeddine
                 Berrima",
  title =        "A sampling-based online {Co-Location-Resistant Virtual
                 Machine} placement strategy",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "187",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.111215",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 28 11:01:58 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121222000012",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "111215",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Woldeyohannes:2022:CEA,
  author =       "Yordanos Tibebu Woldeyohannes and Besmir Tola and
                 Yuming Jiang and K. K. Ramakrishnan",
  title =        "{CoShare}: an Efficient Approach for Redundancy
                 Allocation in {NFV}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1014--1028",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2021.3132279",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 17 13:15:06 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2021.3132279",
  abstract =     "An appealing feature of Network Function
                 Virtualization (NFV) is that in an NFV-based network, a
                 network function (NF) instance may be placed at any
                 node. On the one hand this offers great flexibility in
                 allocation of redundant instances, but on the other
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Xu:2022:NMB,
  author =       "Yanfei Xu and Karlo Abnoosian",
  title =        "A new metaheuristic-based method for solving the
                 virtual machines migration problem in the green cloud
                 computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "e6579:1--e6579:??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6579",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 22 09:50:06 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "24 September 2021",
}

@Article{Xu:2022:NOL,
  author =       "Zichuan Xu and Haozhe Ren and Weifa Liang and Qiufen
                 Xia and Wanlei Zhou and Pan Zhou and Wenzheng Xu and
                 Guowei Wu and Mingchu Li",
  title =        "Near Optimal Learning-Driven Mechanisms for Stable
                 {NFV} Markets in Multitier Cloud Networks",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2601--2615",
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2022.3179295",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 17 13:15:13 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2022.3179295",
  abstract =     "More and more 5G and AI applications demand flexible
                 and low-cost processing of their traffic through
                 diverse virtualized network functions (VNFs) to meet
                 their security and privacy requirements. As such, the
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV) market \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Yin:2022:VDC,
  author =       "Chunxia Yin and Jian Liu and Shunfu Jin",
  title =        "A virtualized data center energy-saving mechanism
                 based on switching operating mode of physical servers
                 and reserving virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "e5785:1--e5785:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5785",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 13 09:55:02 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "04 May 2020",
}

@Article{Zeng:2022:ADB,
  author =       "Jing Zeng and Ding Ding and Kaixuan Kang and HuaMao
                 Xie and Qian Yin",
  title =        "Adaptive {DRL}-Based Virtual Machine Consolidation in
                 Energy-Efficient Cloud Data Center",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2991--3002",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2022.3147851",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 27 06:27:18 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Zeng:2022:UFV,
  author =       "Shulin Zeng and Guohao Dai and Hanbo Sun and Jun Liu
                 and Shiyao Li and Guangjun Ge and Kai Zhong and Kaiyuan
                 Guo and Yu Wang and Huazhong Yang",
  title =        "A Unified {FPGA} Virtualization Framework for
                 General-Purpose Deep Neural Networks in the Cloud",
  journal =      j-TRETS,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "24:1--24:31",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3480170",
  ISSN =         "1936-7406 (print), 1936-7414 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1936-7406",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 24 07:29:32 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/trets.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3480170",
  abstract =     "INFerence-as-a-Service (INFaaS) has become a primary
                 workload in the cloud. However, existing FPGA-based
                 Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators are mainly
                 optimized for the fastest speed of a single task, while
                 the multi-tenancy of INFaaS has not been explored yet.
                 As the demand for INFaaS keeps growing, simply
                 increasing the number of FPGA-based DNN accelerators is
                 not cost-effective, while merely sharing these
                 single-task optimized DNN accelerators in a
                 time-division multiplexing way could lead to poor
                 isolation and high-performance loss for INFaaS. On the
                 other hand, current cloud-based DNN accelerators have
                 excessive compilation overhead, especially when scaling
                 out to multi-FPGA systems for multi-tenant sharing,
                 leading to unacceptable compilation costs for both
                 offline deployment and online reconfiguration.
                 Therefore, it is far from providing efficient and
                 flexible FPGA virtualization for public and private
                 cloud scenarios.\par

                 Aiming to solve these problems, we propose a unified
                 virtualization framework for general-purpose deep
                 neural networks in the cloud, enabling multi-tenant
                 sharing for both the Convolution Neural Network (CNN),
                 and the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) accelerators on
                 a single FPGA. The isolation is enabled by introducing
                 a two-level instruction dispatch module and a
                 multi-core based hardware resources pool. Such designs
                 provide isolated and runtime-programmable hardware
                 resources, which further leads to performance isolation
                 for multi-tenant sharing. On the other hand, to
                 overcome the heavy re-compilation overheads, a
                 tiling-based instruction frame package design and a
                 two-stage static-dynamic compilation, are proposed.
                 Only the lightweight runtime information is re-compiled
                 with $ \approx $1 ms overhead, thus guaranteeing the
                 private cloud's performance. Finally, the extensive
                 experimental results show that the proposed virtualized
                 solutions achieve up to $ 3.12 \times $ and $ 6.18
                 \times $ higher throughput in the private cloud
                 compared with the static CNN and RNN baseline designs,
                 respectively.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and
                 Systems (TRETS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/trets",
}

@Article{Zhang:2022:CST,
  author =       "Yao Zhang and Wenping Fan and Qichen Hao and Xinya Wu
                 and Min-Ling Zhang",
  title =        "{CAFE} and {SOUP}: Toward Adaptive {VDI} Workload
                 Prediction",
  journal =      j-TIST,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "94:1--94:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3529536",
  ISSN =         "2157-6904 (print), 2157-6912 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2157-6904",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 11 08:47:22 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tist.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3529536",
  abstract =     "For Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) system,
                 effective resource management is rather important where
                 turning off spare virtual machines would help save
                 running cost while maintaining sufficient virtual
                 machines is essential to secure satisfactory user
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "94",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology
                 (TIST)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tist",
}

@Article{Zhao:2022:SEE,
  author =       "Zihan Zhao and Sidi Mohamed Beillahi and Ryan Song and
                 Yuxi Cai and Andreas Veneris and Fan Long",
  title =        "{SigVM}: enabling event-driven execution for truly
                 decentralized smart contracts",
  journal =      j-PACMPL,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "OOPSLA2",
  pages =        "149:1--149:??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3563312",
  ISSN =         "2475-1421 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2475-1421",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 11 09:08:36 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmpl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563312",
  abstract =     "This paper presents SigVM, the first blockchain
                 virtual machine that extends EVM to support an
                 event-driven execution model, enabling developers to
                 build truly \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "149",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages
                 (PACMPL)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/pacmpl",
}

@Article{Zhong:2022:MLB,
  author =       "Zhiheng Zhong and Minxian Xu and Maria Alejandra
                 Rodriguez and Chengzhong Xu and Rajkumar Buyya",
  title =        "Machine Learning-based Orchestration of Containers: a
                 Taxonomy and Future Directions",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "10s",
  pages =        "217:1--217:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2022",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3510415",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 23 11:02:53 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3510415",
  abstract =     "Containerization is a lightweight application
                 virtualization technology, providing high environmental
                 consistency, operating system distribution portability,
                 and \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "217",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Zhou:2022:SRE,
  author =       "Hang Zhou and Xinying Zhu and Jian Wang",
  title =        "A Specific Risk Evaluation System for Live Virtual
                 Machine Migration Based on the Uncertain Theory",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2022",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6784419:1--6784419:??",
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6784419",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 14:36:34 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2021/6784419",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Sci. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://iospress.metapress.com/content/1058-9244",
}

@Article{Zolfaghari:2022:EAV,
  author =       "Rahmat Zolfaghari and Amir Sahafi and Amir Masoud
                 Rahmani and Reza Rezaei",
  title =        "An energy-aware virtual machines consolidation method
                 for cloud computing: {Simulation} and verification",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "194--235",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2022",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3010",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 21 10:29:09 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "28 June 2021",
}

@Article{Aghasi:2023:DAM,
  author =       "Ali Aghasi and Kamal Jamshidi and Ali Bohlooli and
                 Bahman Javadi",
  title =        "A decentralized adaptation of model-free {Q}-learning
                 for thermal-aware energy-efficient virtual machine
                 placement in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "224",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109624",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 7 10:53:03 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128623000695",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "109624",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Ajmera:2023:SPS,
  author =       "Kashav Ajmera and Tribhuwan Kumar Tewari",
  title =        "{SR-PSO}: server residual efficiency-aware particle
                 swarm optimization for dynamic virtual machine
                 scheduling",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "15459--15495",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05270-8",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 15 06:21:43 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-023-05270-8",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Al-Hamid:2023:NSB,
  author =       "Duaa Zuhair Al-Hamid and Pejman A. Karegar and and
                 Peter Han Joo Chong",
  title =        "A Novel {SDWSN}-Based Testbed for {IoT} Smart
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "291",
  day =          "28",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15090291",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 28 13:55:47 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/9/291",
  abstract =     "Wireless sensor network (WSN) environment monitoring
                 and smart city applications present challenges for
                 maintaining network connectivity when, for example,
                 dynamic events occur. Such applications can benefit
                 from recent technologies such as software-defined
                 networks (SDNs) and network virtualization to support
                 network flexibility and offer validation for a physical
                 network. This paper aims to present a testbed-based,
                 software-defined wireless sensor network (SDWSN) for
                 IoT applications with a focus on promoting the approach
                 of virtual network testing and analysis prior to
                 physical network implementation to monitor and repair
                 any network failures. Herein, physical network
                 implementation employing hardware boards such as Texas
                 Instruments CC2538 (TI CC2538) and TI CC1352R sensor
                 nodes is presented and designed based on virtual WSN-
                 based clustering for stationary and dynamic networks
                 use cases. The key performance indicators such as
                 evaluating node (such as a gateway node to the
                 Internet) connection capability based on packet drop
                 and energy consumption virtually and physically are
                 discussed. According to the test findings, the proposed
                 software-defined physical network benefited from
                 ``prior-to-implementation'' analysis via
                 virtualization, as the performance of both virtual and
                 physical networks is comparable.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Ali:2023:ETN,
  author =       "Shrouk A. Ali and Shaimaa Ahmed Elsaid and Abdelhamied
                 A. Ateya and Mohammed ElAffendi and and Ahmed A. Abd
                 El-Latif",
  title =        "Enabling Technologies for Next-Generation Smart
                 Cities: a Comprehensive Review and Research
                 Directions",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "398",
  day =          "09",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15120398",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 23 05:04:14 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/12/398",
  abstract =     "The concept of smart cities, which aim to enhance the
                 quality of urban life through innovative technologies
                 and policies, has gained significant momentum in recent
                 years. As we approach the era of next-generation smart
                 cities, it becomes crucial to explore the key enabling
                 technologies that will shape their development. This
                 work reviews the leading technologies driving the
                 future of smart cities. The work begins by introducing
                 the main requirements of different smart city
                 applications; then, the enabling technologies are
                 presented. This work highlights the transformative
                 potential of the Internet of things (IoT) to facilitate
                 data collection and analysis to improve urban
                 infrastructure and services. As a complementary
                 technology, distributed edge computing brings
                 computational power closer to devices, reducing the
                 reliance on centralized data centers. Another key
                 technology is virtualization, which optimizes resource
                 utilization, enabling multiple virtual environments to
                 run efficiently on shared hardware. Software-defined
                 networking (SDN) emerges as a pivotal technology that
                 brings flexibility and scalability to smart city
                 networks, allowing for dynamic network management and
                 resource allocation. Artificial intelligence (AI) is
                 another approach for managing smart cities by enabling
                 predictive analytics, automation, and smart decision
                 making based on vast amounts of data. Lastly, the
                 blockchain is introduced as a promising approach for
                 smart cities to achieve the required security. The
                 review concludes by identifying potential research
                 directions to address the challenges and complexities
                 brought about by integrating these key enabling
                 technologies.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Baresi:2023:MFA,
  author =       "Luciano Baresi and Tommaso Dolci and Giovanni
                 Quattrocchi and Nicholas Rasi",
  title =        "A multi-faceted analysis of the performance
                 variability of virtual machines",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2067--2091",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3244",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 9 09:41:56 MST 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "24 July 2023",
}

@Article{Belgacem:2023:MLM,
  author =       "Ali Belgacem and Sa{\"\i}d Mahmoudi and Mohamed Amine
                 Ferrag",
  title =        "A machine learning model for improving virtual machine
                 migration in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "9486--9508",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-05031-z",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 25 07:11:47 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-022-05031-z",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Besseling:2023:UTT,
  author =       "Johan Besseling and Cyrille Artho",
  title =        "Using {Theia} Trace Viewer to Visualize {JPF} Traces",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--26",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3573074.3573081",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 25 12:02:24 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3573074.3573081",
  abstract =     "Java Pathfinder (JPF) is currently the most
                 feature-rich platform for an in-depth analysis of
                 programs that run on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
                 However, using JPF and interpreting its results is a
                 challenge. Dependencies on specific Java versions
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigsoft",
}

@Article{Carrion:2023:KST,
  author =       "Carmen Carri{\'o}n",
  title =        "{Kubernetes} Scheduling: Taxonomy, Ongoing Issues and
                 Challenges",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "138:1--138:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3539606",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 23 11:17:15 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3539606",
  abstract =     "Continuous integration enables the development of
                 microservices-based applications using container
                 virtualization technology. Container \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "138",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Cecilia:2023:URG,
  author =       "Jos{\'e} M. Cecilia and Juan Morales-Garc{\'{\i}}a and
                 Baldomero Imbern{\'o}n and Javier Prades and
                 Juan-Carlos Cano and Federico Silla",
  title =        "Using remote {GPU} virtualization techniques to
                 enhance edge computing devices",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "142",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "14--24",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.12.038",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 6 07:21:36 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X22004423",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Chen:2023:PTA,
  author =       "Rui Chen and Bo Liu and WeiWei Lin and JianPeng Lin
                 and HuiWen Cheng and KeQin Li",
  title =        "Power and thermal-aware virtual machine scheduling
                 optimization in cloud data center",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "145",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "578--589",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2023.03.049",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 28 06:08:26 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X23001346",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Dangl:2023:VEF,
  author =       "Thomas Dangl and Stewart Sentanoe and Hans P. Reiser",
  title =        "{VMIFresh}: Efficient and fresh caches for virtual
                 machine introspection",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "135",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2023.103527",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 10 11:02:45 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404823004376",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103527",
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@InProceedings{Doran:2023:EVR,
  author =       "Michael A. Doran and Nabeeh Kandalaft",
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{2023 IEEE 14th Annual Ubiquitous Computing,
                 Electronics \& Mobile Communication Conference
                 (UEMCON)}",
  title =        "Embedded Virtualization on {RISC-V} with {seL4}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "0736--0740",
  year =         "2023",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON59035.2023.10316016",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 16 15:51:40 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/risc-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fan:2023:MOO,
  author =       "Tian Fan and Wanwan Guo and Zhixia Zhang and Zhihua
                 Cui",
  title =        "A many-objective optimization based intelligent
                 algorithm for virtual machine migration in mobile edge
                 computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "23",
  pages =        "e7770:1--e7770:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7770",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 27 08:16:53 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "07 May 2023",
}

@Article{Fan:2023:NEA,
  author =       "Weibei Fan and Fu Xiao and Mengjie Lv and Lei Han and
                 Junchang Wang and Xin He",
  title =        "Node Essentiality Assessment and Distributed
                 Collaborative Virtual Network Embedding in
                 Datacenters",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1265--1280",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2023.3242952",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 3 07:00:46 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Fragiadakis:2023:AML,
  author =       "George Fragiadakis and Evangelia Filiopoulou and
                 Christos Michalakelis and Thomas Kamalakis and and Mara
                 Nikolaidou",
  title =        "Applying Machine Learning in Cloud Service Price
                 Prediction: The Case of {Amazon IaaS}",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "277",
  day =          "19",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15080277",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 11:22:50 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/8/277",
  abstract =     "When exploring alternative cloud solution designs, it
                 is important to also consider cost. Thus, having a
                 comprehensive view of the cloud market and future price
                 evolution allows well-informed decisions to choose
                 between alternatives. Cloud providers offer various
                 service types with different pricing policies.
                 Currently, infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is
                 considered the most mature cloud service, while
                 reserved instances, where virtual machines are reserved
                 for a fixed period of time, have the largest market
                 share. In this work, we employ a machine-learning
                 approach based on the CatBoost algorithm to explore a
                 price-prediction model for the reserve instance market.
                 The analysis is based on historical data provided by
                 Amazon Web Services from 2016 to 2022. Early results
                 demonstrate the machine-learning model's ability to
                 capture the underlying evolution patterns and predict
                 future trends. Findings suggest that prediction
                 accuracy is not improved by integrating data from older
                 time periods.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Gudkov:2023:BRB,
  author =       "Andrei Gudkov and Pavel Popov and Stepan Romanov",
  title =        "{BalCon} --- resource balancing algorithm for {VM}
                 consolidation",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "147",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "265--274",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2023.05.001",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 14 07:39:56 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X23001760",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Guo:2023:AAV,
  author =       "Lifeng Guo and Changhong Lu and Guanlin Wu",
  title =        "Approximation algorithms for a virtual machine
                 allocation problem with finite types",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "180",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "Article 106339",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2022.106339",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 5 06:49:46 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020019022000965",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190",
}

@Article{Han:2023:SSV,
  author =       "Juhyeng Han and Insu Yun and Seongmin Kim and Taesoo
                 Kim and Sooel Son and Dongsu Han",
  title =        "Scalable and Secure Virtualization of {HSM} With
                 {ScaleTrust}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1595--1610",
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2022.3220427",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 12 07:06:41 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2022.3220427",
  abstract =     "Hardware security modules (HSMs) have been utilized as
                 a trustworthy foundation for cloud services.
                 Unfortunately, existing systems using HSMs fail to meet
                 multi-tenant scalability arising from the emerging
                 trends such as microservices, which utilize \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{He:2023:NFA,
  author =       "Jiahao He and Shuangyin Li and Xinming Wang and
                 Shing-Chi Cheung and Gansen Zhao and Jinji Yang",
  title =        "{Neural-FEBI}: Accurate function identification in
                 {Ethereum Virtual Machine} bytecode",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "199",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.111627",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 5 08:21:19 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121223000225",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "111627",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Hummaida:2023:HDA,
  author =       "Abdul R. Hummaida and Norman W. Paton and Rizos
                 Sakellariou",
  title =        "A hierarchical decentralized architecture to enable
                 adaptive scalable virtual machine migration",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "e7487:1--e7487:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7487",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:30 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "18 November 2022",
}

@Article{Ishiguro:2023:RVA,
  author =       "Kenta Ishiguro and Naoki Yasuno and Pierre-Louis
                 Aublin and Kenji Kono",
  title =        "Revisiting {VM}-Agnostic {KVM} {vCPU} Scheduler for
                 Mitigating Excessive {vCPU} Spinning",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2615--2628",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2023.3297688",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 14 07:04:55 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Jiang:2023:THR,
  author =       "Zhe Jiang and Kecheng Yang and Yunfeng Ma and Nathan
                 Fisher and Neil Audsley and Zheng Dong",
  title =        "Towards Hard Real-Time and Energy-Efficient
                 Virtualization for Many-Core Embedded Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "111--126",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2022.3207115",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 19 08:41:53 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Karthikeyan:2023:RNE,
  author =       "K. Karthikeyan and R. Sunder and K. Shankar and S. K.
                 Lakshmanaprabu and V. Vijayakumar and Mohamed Elhoseny
                 and Gunasekaran Manogaran",
  title =        "Retraction Note: Energy consumption analysis of
                 Virtual Machine migration in cloud using hybrid swarm
                 optimization {(ABC-BA)}",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "5832--5833",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04860-2",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 18 09:20:30 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Karthikeyan:2020:ECA}.",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-022-04860-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kennedy:2023:MTG,
  author =       "Jason Kennedy and Vishal Sharma and Blesson Varghese
                 and Carlos Rea{\~n}o",
  title =        "Multi-Tier {GPU} Virtualization for Deep Learning in
                 Cloud-Edge Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "2107--2123",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2023.3274957",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 1 13:48:01 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Li:2023:AAP,
  author =       "Jinxi Li and Deke Guo and Junjie Xie and Sheng Chen",
  title =        "Availability-aware Provision of Service Function
                 Chains in Mobile Edge Computing",
  journal =      j-TOSN,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "57:1--57:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3565483",
  ISSN =         "1550-4859 (print), 1550-4867 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1550-4859",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 30 06:58:37 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosn.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3565483",
  abstract =     "With the advent of Network Function Virtualization
                 (NFV) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), outsourcing
                 network functions (NFs) to the MEC is becoming popular
                 among \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "",
  articleno =    "57",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tosn",
}

@Article{Li:2023:IDP,
  author =       "Na Li and XiaoLing Liu and Yu Wang and Musa Mojarad",
  title =        "Improving Dynamic Placement of Virtual Machines in
                 Cloud Data Centers Based on Open-Source Development
                 Model Algorithm",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-023-09651-4",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 17 09:41:50 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-023-09651-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Grid Comp.",
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Lin:2023:PIV,
  author =       "Weiwei Lin and Chennian Xiong and Wentai Wu and Fang
                 Shi and Keqin Li and Minxian Xu",
  title =        "Performance Interference of Virtual Machines: a
                 Survey",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "254:1--254:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3573009",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 29 06:37:13 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3573009",
  abstract =     "The rapid development of cloud computing with
                 virtualization technology has benefited both academia
                 and industry. For any cloud data center at scale, one
                 of the \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "254",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Lin:2023:SBO,
  author =       "Xu Lin and Deke Guo and Yulong Shen and Guoming Tang
                 and Bangbang Ren and Ming Xu",
  title =        "{SFT-Box}: an Online Approach for Minimizing the
                 Embedding Cost of Multiple Hybrid {SFCs}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1463--1477",
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2022.3221868",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 12 07:06:41 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2022.3221868",
  abstract =     "In Network Function Virtualization (NFV), a series of
                 Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) organized in a
                 specific order (called Service Function Chain, SFC)
                 could offer an end-to-end network service for a network
                 flow. Recently, with the new results of the \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Liu:2023:PCT,
  author =       "Bo Liu and Rui Chen and Weiwei Lin and Wentai Wu and
                 Jianpeng Lin and Keqin Li",
  title =        "Publisher Correction to: {Thermal}-aware virtual
                 machine placement based on multi-objective
                 optimization",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "17756--17757",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05345-6",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 1 07:21:16 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Liu:2023:TAV}.",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-023-05345-6",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Liu:2023:TAV,
  author =       "Bo Liu and Rui Chen and Weiwei Lin and Wentai Wu and
                 Jianpeng Lin and Keqin Li",
  title =        "Thermal-aware virtual machine placement based on
                 multi-objective optimization",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "12563--12590",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05136-z",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 10 08:11:52 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See publisher correction \cite{Liu:2023:PCT}.",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-023-05136-z",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Liu:2023:VSL,
  author =       "Zongyuan Liu and Sergei Stepanenko and Jean
                 Pichon-Pharabod and Amin Timany and Aslan Askarov and
                 Lars Birkedal",
  title =        "{VMSL}: a Separation Logic for Mechanised Robust
                 Safety of Virtual Machines Communicating above {FF-A}",
  journal =      j-PACMPL,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "PLDI",
  pages =        "165:1--165:??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3591279",
  ISSN =         "2475-1421 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2475-1421",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 10 10:23:34 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmpl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3591279",
  abstract =     "Thin hypervisors make it possible to isolate key
                 security components like keychains, fingerprint
                 readers, and digital wallets from the \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Proc. ACM Program. Lang.",
  articleno =    "165",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages
                 (PACMPL)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/pacmpl",
}

@Article{Lu:2023:EET,
  author =       "Baoshan Lu and Junli Fang and Xuemin Hong and
                 Jianghong Shi",
  title =        "Energy-efficient task scheduling for mobile edge
                 computing with virtual machine {I/O} interference",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "148",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "538--549",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2023.06.020",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 13 17:21:29 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X23002431",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Luo:2023:KSA,
  author =       "Jiang-Yao Luo and Jian-Hua Yuan",
  title =        "A kernel search algorithm for virtual machine
                 consolidation problem in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "19277--19296",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05406-w",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 3 05:58:52 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-023-05406-w",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Madireddy:2023:DVM,
  author =       "Amarendhar Reddy Madireddy and Kongara Ravindranath",
  title =        "Dynamic virtual machine relocation system for
                 energy-efficient resource management in the cloud",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "e7520:1--e7520:??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7520",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:32 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "24 November 2022",
}

@Article{Mavridis:2023:OSC,
  author =       "Ilias Mavridis and Helen Karatza",
  title =        "Orchestrated sandboxed containers, unikernels, and
                 virtual machines for isolation-enhanced multitenant
                 workloads and serverless computing in cloud",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "e6365:1--e6365:??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6365",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 27 08:16:41 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "24 May 2021",
}

@Article{Nguyen:2023:TNQ,
  author =       "Thien Nguyen and Dmitry Lyakh and Eugene Dumitrescu
                 and David Clark and Jeff Larkin and Alexander
                 McCaskey",
  title =        "Tensor Network Quantum Virtual Machine for Simulating
                 Quantum Circuits at Exascale",
  journal =      j-TQC,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6:1--6:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3547334",
  ISSN =         "2643-6809 (print), 2643-6817 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2643-6809",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 11 09:17:52 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tqc.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3547334",
  abstract =     "The numerical simulation of quantum circuits is an
                 indispensable tool for development, verification, and
                 validation of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms
                 intended for near-term quantum co-processors. The
                 emergence of exascale high-performance computing
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "6",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing (TQC)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tqc",
}

@Article{Parra:2023:TMV,
  author =       "Pablo Parra and Antonio {Da Silva} and Borja Losa and
                 J. Ignacio Garc{\'\i}a and {\'O}scar R. Polo and
                 Agust{\'\i}n Mart{\'\i}nez and Sebasti{\'a}n
                 S{\'a}nchez",
  title =        "Tailor-made Virtualization Monitor Design for {CPU}
                 Virtualization on {LEON} Processors",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60:1--60:??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3584702",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 10 07:21:24 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3584702",
  abstract =     "In recent decades, mixed-criticality systems have been
                 widely adopted to reduce the complexity and development
                 times of real-time critical applications. In these
                 systems, applications run on a separation kernel
                 hypervisor, a software element that controls \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.",
  articleno =    "60",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tecs",
}

@Article{Peng:2023:FPS,
  author =       "Bo Peng and Yaozu Dong and Jianguo Yao and Fengguang
                 Wu and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "{FlexHM}: a Practical System for Heterogeneous Memory
                 with Flexible and Efficient Performance Optimizations",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13:1--13:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3565885",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 17 06:54:21 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3565885",
  abstract =     "With the rapid development of cloud computing,
                 numerous cloud services, containers, and virtual
                 machines have been bringing tremendous demands on
                 high-performance memory resources to modern data
                 centers. Heterogeneous memory, especially the newly
                 released \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "13",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/taco",
}

@Article{Perez:2023:AVB,
  author =       "Alberto Garc{\'\i}a P{\'e}rez and Antonio L{\'o}pez
                 Mart{\'\i}nez and Manuel Gil P{\'e}rez",
  title =        "Adaptive vulnerability-based risk identification
                 software with virtualization functions for dynamic
                 management",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "219",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2023.103728",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 26 11:40:42 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804523001479",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103728",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Picano:2023:CAF,
  author =       "Benedetta Picano and Romano Fantacci",
  title =        "A Channel-aware {FL} Approach for Virtual Machine
                 Placement in {6G} Edge Intelligent Ecosystems",
  journal =      j-TIOT,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12:1--12:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3584705",
  ISSN =         "2691-1914 (print), 2577-6207 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2691-1914",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 3 08:54:47 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tiot.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3584705",
  abstract =     "This article deals with an artificial intelligence
                 (AI) framework to support Internet-of-everything (IoE)
                 applications over sixth-generation wireless (6G)
                 networks. An integrated IoE-Edge Intelligence ecosystem
                 is designed to effectively face the problems \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "",
  articleno =    "12",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Internet of Things (TIOT)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tiot",
}

@Article{Pushpa:2023:FAB,
  author =       "Ramaiah Pushpa and Maadappa Siddappa",
  title =        "Fractional Artificial Bee Chicken Swarm Optimization
                 technique for {QoS} aware virtual machine placement in
                 cloud",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "e7532:1--e7532:??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7532",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:32 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "10 December 2022",
}

@Article{Qiu:2023:VNF,
  author =       "Rixuan Qiu and Jiawen Bao and Yuancheng Li and Xin
                 Zhou and Liang Liang and Hui Tian and Yanting Zeng and
                 Jie Shi",
  title =        "Virtual network function deployment algorithm based on
                 graph convolution deep reinforcement learning",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "6849--6870",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04947-w",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 3 08:24:55 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-022-04947-w",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Ridolfi:2023:IEF,
  author =       "Lorenzo Ridolfi and David Naseh and Swapnil Sadashiv
                 Shinde and and Daniele Tarchi",
  title =        "Implementation and Evaluation of a Federated Learning
                 Framework on Raspberry {PI} Platforms for {IoT} {6G}
                 Applications",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "358",
  day =          "31",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15110358",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 23 05:04:14 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/11/358",
  abstract =     "With the advent of 6G technology, the proliferation of
                 interconnected devices necessitates a robust, fully
                 connected intelligence network. Federated Learning (FL)
                 stands as a key distributed learning technique, showing
                 promise in recent advancements. However, the
                 integration of novel Internet of Things (IoT)
                 applications and virtualization technologies has
                 introduced diverse and heterogeneous devices into
                 wireless networks. This diversity encompasses
                 variations in computation, communication, storage
                 resources, training data, and communication modes among
                 connected nodes. In this context, our study presents a
                 pivotal contribution by analyzing and implementing FL
                 processes tailored for 6G standards. Our work defines a
                 practical FL platform, employing Raspberry Pi devices
                 and virtual machines as client nodes, with a Windows PC
                 serving as a parameter server. We tackle the image
                 classification challenge, implementing the FL model via
                 PyTorch, augmented by the specialized FL library,
                 Flower. Notably, our analysis delves into the impact of
                 computational resources, data availability, and heating
                 issues across heterogeneous device sets. Additionally,
                 we address knowledge transfer and employ pre-trained
                 networks in our FL performance evaluation. This
                 research underscores the indispensable role of
                 artificial intelligence in IoT scenarios within the 6G
                 landscape, providing a comprehensive framework for FL
                 implementation across diverse and heterogeneous
                 devices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Sa:2023:CRV,
  author =       "Bruno S{\'a} and Luca Valente and Jos{\'e} Martins and
                 Davide Rossi and Luca Benini and Sandro Pinto",
  title =        "{CVA6 RISC-V} Virtualization: Architecture,
                 Microarchitecture, and Design Space Exploration",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-VLSI-SYST,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1713--1726",
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "IEVSE9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2023.3302837",
  ISSN =         "1063-8210 (print), 1557-9999 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-8210",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 16 15:51:40 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/risc-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration
                 (VLSI) Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/issues?punumber=92",
}

@Article{Sahni:2023:AAS,
  author =       "Abdul Rasheed Sahni and Hamza Omar and Usman Ali and
                 Omer Khan",
  title =        "{ASM}: an Adaptive Secure Multicore for Co-located
                 Mutually Distrusting Processes",
  journal =      j-TACO,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "32:1--32:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3587480",
  ISSN =         "1544-3566 (print), 1544-3973 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1544-3566",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 10 07:14:56 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/taco.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3587480",
  abstract =     "With the ever-increasing virtualization of software
                 and hardware, the privacy of user-sensitive data is a
                 fundamental concern in computation outsourcing. Secure
                 processors enable a trusted execution environment to
                 guarantee security properties based on \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "",
  articleno =    "32",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
                 (TACO)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/taco",
}

@Article{Saravanakumar:2023:ETV,
  author =       "C. Saravanakumar and M. Geetha and S. Manoj Kumar and
                 S. Manikandan and C. Arun and K. Srivatsan",
  title =        "An Efficient Technique for Virtual Machine Clustering
                 and Communications Using Task-Based Scheduling in Cloud
                 Computing",
  journal =      j-SCI-PROG,
  volume =       "2023",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5586521:1--5586521:??",
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "SCIPEV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5586521",
  ISSN =         "1058-9244 (print), 1875-919X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-9244",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 14:36:34 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciprogram.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2021/5586521",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Sci. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Scientific Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://iospress.metapress.com/content/1058-9244",
}

@Article{Serodio:2023:ESI,
  author =       "Carlos Ser{\^o}dio and Jos{\'e} Cunha and Guillermo
                 Candela and Santiago Rodriguez and Xos{\'e} Ram{\'o}n
                 Sousa and and Frederico Branco",
  title =        "The {6G} Ecosystem as Support for {IoE} and Private
                 Networks: Vision, Requirements, and Challenges",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "348",
  day =          "25",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15110348",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 23 05:04:14 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/11/348",
  abstract =     "The emergence of the sixth generation of cellular
                 systems (6G) signals a transformative era and ecosystem
                 for mobile communications, driven by demands from
                 technologies like the internet of everything (IoE), V2X
                 communications, and factory automation. To support this
                 connectivity, mission-critical applications are
                 emerging with challenging network requirements. The
                 primary goals of 6G include providing sophisticated and
                 high-quality services, extremely reliable and
                 further-enhanced mobile broadband (feMBB), low-latency
                 communication (ERLLC), long-distance and high-mobility
                 communications (LDHMC), ultra-massive machine-type
                 communications (umMTC), extremely low-power
                 communications (ELPC), holographic communications, and
                 quality of experience (QoE), grounded in incorporating
                 massive broad-bandwidth machine-type (mBBMT), mobile
                 broad-bandwidth and low-latency (MBBLL), and massive
                 low-latency machine-type (mLLMT) communications. In
                 attaining its objectives, 6G faces challenges that
                 demand inventive solutions, incorporating AI,
                 softwarization, cloudification, virtualization, and
                 slicing features. Technologies like network function
                 virtualization (NFV), network slicing, and
                 software-defined networking (SDN) play pivotal roles in
                 this integration, which facilitates efficient resource
                 utilization, responsive service provisioning, expanded
                 coverage, enhanced network reliability, increased
                 capacity, densification, heightened availability,
                 safety, security, and reduced energy consumption. It
                 presents innovative network infrastructure concepts,
                 such as resource-as-a-service (RaaS) and
                 infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), featuring
                 management and service orchestration mechanisms. This
                 includes nomadic networks, AI-aware networking
                 strategies, and dynamic management of diverse network
                 resources. This paper provides an in-depth survey of
                 the wireless evolution leading to 6G networks,
                 addressing future issues and challenges associated with
                 6G technology to support V2X environments considering
                 presenting + challenges in architecture, spectrum, air
                 interface, reliability, availability, density,
                 flexibility, mobility, and security.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Sharma:2023:CSD,
  author =       "Sachin Sharma and Avishek Nag",
  title =        "Cognitive Software Defined Networking and Network
                 Function Virtualization and Applications",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "78",
  day =          "17",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15020078",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 27 09:26:59 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/2/78",
  abstract =     "The emergence of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and
                 Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has
                 revolutionized the Internet. Using SDN, network devices
                 can be controlled from a centralized, programmable
                 control plane that is decoupled from their data plane,
                 whereas with NFV, network functions (such as network
                 address translation, firewall, and intrusion detection)
                 can be virtualized instead of being implemented on
                 proprietary hardware. In addition, Artificial
                 Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques
                 will be key to automating network operations and
                 enhancing customer service. Many of the challenges
                 behind SDN and NFV are currently being investigated in
                 several projects all over the world using AI and ML
                 techniques, such as AI- and software-based networking,
                 autonomic networking, and policy-based network
                 management. Contributions to this Special Issue come
                 from the above areas of research. Following a rigorous
                 review process, four excellent articles were accepted
                 that address and go beyond many of the challenges
                 mentioned above.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Sheeba:2023:EFT,
  author =       "Adlin Sheeba and B. Uma Maheswari",
  title =        "An efficient fault tolerance scheme based enhanced
                 firefly optimization for virtual machine placement in
                 cloud computing",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "e7610:1--e7610:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7610",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 08:11:34 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "17 January 2023",
}

@Article{Siavashi:2023:GMO,
  author =       "Ahmad Siavashi and Mahmoud Momtazpour",
  title =        "{gVMP}: a multi-objective joint {VM} and {vGPU}
                 placement heuristic for {API} remoting-based {GPU}
                 virtualization and disaggregation in cloud data
                 centers",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "172",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "97--113",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2022.10.008",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 21 08:24:25 MST 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731522002234",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{St-Onge:2023:NMR,
  author =       "C{\'e}dric St-Onge and Nadjia Kara and Claes Edstrom",
  title =        "\pkg{NFVLearn}: a multi-resource, long short-term
                 memory-based virtual network function resource usage
                 prediction architecture",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "555--578",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3160",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 28 12:16:37 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "02 November 2022",
}

@Article{Sun:2023:SID,
  author =       "Jie Sun and Tianyu Wo and Xudong Liu and Tianjiao Ma
                 and Xudong Mou and Jinghong Lan and Nan Zhang and
                 Jianwei Niu",
  title =        "Scalable inter-domain network virtualization",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "218",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2023.103701",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 18 08:38:57 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804523001200",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103701",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Sunil:2023:EEV,
  author =       "Shilpa Sunil and Sanjeev Patel",
  title =        "Energy-efficient virtual machine placement algorithm
                 based on power usage",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "105",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1597--1621",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01152-2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 07:24:18 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-023-01152-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Computing",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Tapwal:2023:SBV,
  author =       "Riya Tapwal and Pallav Kumar Deb and Sudip Misra and
                 Surjya Kanta Pal",
  title =        "Shadows: Blockchain Virtualization for Interoperable
                 Computations in {IIoT} Environments",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "868--879",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2022.3184271",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 18 16:18:34 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Tournaire:2023:ECO,
  author =       "Thomas Tournaire and Hind Castel-Taleb and Emmanuel
                 Hyon",
  title =        "Efficient Computation of Optimal Thresholds in Cloud
                 Auto-scaling Systems",
  journal =      j-TOMPECS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "9:1--9:??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3603532",
  ISSN =         "2376-3639 (print), 2376-3647 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2376-3639",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 30 13:20:44 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tompecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3603532",
  abstract =     "We consider a horizontal and dynamic auto-scaling
                 technique in a cloud system where virtual machines
                 hosted on a physical node are turned on and off to
                 minimise energy consumption while meeting performance
                 requirements. Finding cloud management policies
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Model. Perform. Eval. Comput. Syst.",
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance
                 Evaluation of Computing Systems (TOMPECS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tompecs",
}

@Article{Troia:2023:PCP,
  author =       "Sebastian Troia and Marco Savi and Giulia Nava and
                 Ligia Maria Moreira Zorello and Thomas Schneider and
                 Guido Maier",
  title =        "Performance characterization and profiling of chained
                 {CPU}-bound {Virtual Network Functions}",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "231",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109815",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 5 13:55:52 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128623002608",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "109815",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Valsamas:2023:VTB,
  author =       "Polychronis Valsamas and Sotiris Skaperas and Lefteris
                 Mamatas and Luis M. Contreras",
  title =        "{Virtualization Technology Blending} for
                 resource-efficient edge clouds",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "225",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109646",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 15 16:17:10 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128623000919",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "109646",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Vila:2023:CCV,
  author =       "Sergi Vila and Fernando Guirado and Josep L.
                 L{\'e}rida",
  title =        "Cloud computing virtual machine consolidation based on
                 stock trading forecast techniques",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "145",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "321--336",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2023.03.018",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 28 06:08:26 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X23000961",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Wu:2023:LPC,
  author =       "Hao Wu and Yuqi Chen and Chi Zhang and Jiangchao Dong
                 and Yuxin Wang",
  title =        "Loads prediction and consolidation of virtual machines
                 in cloud",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "23",
  pages =        "e7760:1--e7760:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7760",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 27 08:16:53 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "25 April 2023",
}

@Article{Wu:2023:PTL,
  author =       "Qiang Wu and Xiangping Bryce Zhai and Xi Liu and
                 Chun-Ming Wu and Fangliang Lou and Hongke Zhang",
  title =        "Performance Tuning via Lean Measurements for
                 Acceleration of Network Functions Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "366--379",
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2022.3193686",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 17 13:15:15 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2022.3193686",
  abstract =     "Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) replaces the
                 specialized hardware with the software-based forwarding
                 to promise the flexibility, scalability and automation
                 benefits. With an increasing range of applications, NFV
                 must ultimately forward packets at \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Xevgenis:2023:AZS,
  author =       "Michael Xevgenis and Dimitrios G. Kogias and
                 Panagiotis A. Karkazis and Helen C. Leligou",
  title =        "Addressing {ZSM} Security Issues with Blockchain
                 Technology",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "129",
  day =          "28",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15040129",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 28 07:04:49 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/4/129",
  abstract =     "Undoubtedly, we are witnessing a new era of computer
                 networks that aspire to support modern demanding
                 applications by providing the highest Quality of
                 Experience (QoE) to the end user. Next Generations
                 Networks (NGNs) ensure that characteristics such as
                 ultra-low latency, high availability and wide service
                 coverage can be met across the network regardless of
                 the network infrastructure ownership. To accomplish
                 that, beyond the necessary improvements in the radio
                 propagation field, changes have been made in the core
                 network functions which are now characterized as
                 programmable, and software defined. Software Defined
                 Networks (SDNs) and Network Function Virtualization
                 (NFV) are the keystones of the NGNs flexibility. The
                 high expectations of NGNs' performance and the
                 continuous changes in the network conditions lead to
                 the development of new network management frameworks
                 that add elasticity and dynamicity and minimize human
                 intervention. ETSI (the European Standards
                 Organization) presents the Zero-touch Service
                 Management (ZSM) framework that uses hyped technologies
                 such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine
                 Learning (ML) to achieve full end-to-end automation of
                 the network services' management across one or many
                 different domains. Focusing on multi-domain network
                 service management, there are several security issues
                 identified by the standardization team which mostly
                 derive from the lack of trust among network providers.
                 In the present research, we explore the suitability of
                 blockchain technology adoption for facing these
                 security issues. Blockchain technology inherently
                 addresses security in trustless environments such as
                 the infrastructures defined by the ZSM team. Our
                 contribution is three-fold: (a) we define the
                 architecture of a multi-domain network infrastructure
                 that adopts the ZSM approach and integrates blockchain
                 functionality, (b) we explore the adoption of different
                 blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLT)
                 approaches to address ZSM security needs and (c) we
                 provide guidelines to prospective solution
                 designers\slash implementors on the detailed
                 requirements that this solution has to meet to maximize
                 the offered value.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Xu:2023:FTQ,
  author =       "Heyang Xu and Sen Xu and Wei Wei and Naixuan Guo",
  title =        "Fault tolerance and quality of service aware virtual
                 machine scheduling algorithm in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "2603--2625",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-04760-5",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 18 09:20:28 MST 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-022-04760-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Yang:2023:HIH,
  author =       "Xingyuan Yang and Jie Yuan and Hao Yang and Ya Kong
                 and Hao Zhang and Jinyu Zhao",
  title =        "A Highly Interactive Honeypot-Based Approach to
                 Network Threat Management",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "127",
  day =          "28",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15040127",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 28 07:04:49 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/15/4/127",
  abstract =     "In this paper, considering the problem that the common
                 defensive means in the current cyber confrontation
                 often fall into disadvantage, honeypot technology is
                 adopted to turn reactive into proactive to deal with
                 the increasingly serious cyberspace security problem.
                 We address the issue of common defensive measures in
                 current cyber confrontations that frequently lead to
                 disadvantages. To tackle the progressively severe
                 cyberspace security problem, we propose the adoption of
                 honeypot technology to shift from a reactive to a
                 proactive approach. This system uses honeypot
                 technology for active defense, tempting attackers into
                 a predetermined sandbox to observe the attacker's
                 behavior and attack methods to better protect equipment
                 and information security. During the research, it was
                 found that due to the singularity of traditional
                 honeypots and the limitations of low-interactivity
                 honeypots, the application of honeypot technology has
                 difficulty in achieving the desired protective effect.
                 Therefore, the system adopts a highly interactive
                 honeypot and a modular design idea to distinguish the
                 honeypot environment from the central node of data
                 processing, so that the honeypot can obtain more
                 sufficient information and the honeypot technology can
                 be used more easily. By managing honeypots at the
                 central node, i.e., adding, deleting, and modifying
                 honeypots and other operations, it is easy to maintain
                 and upgrade the system, while reducing the difficulty
                 of using honeypots. The high-interactivity honeypot
                 technology not only attracts attackers into pre-set
                 sandboxes to observe their behavior and attack methods,
                 but also performs a variety of advanced functions, such
                 as network threat analysis, virtualization,
                 vulnerability perception, tracing reinforcement, and
                 camouflage detection. We have conducted a large number
                 of experimental comparisons and proven that our method
                 has significant advantages compared to traditional
                 honeypot technology and provides detailed data support.
                 Our research provides new ideas and effective methods
                 for network security protection.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Yao:2023:EEL,
  author =       "Wenbin Yao and Zhuqing Wang and Yingying Hou and
                 Xikang Zhu and Xiaoyong Li and Yamei Xia",
  title =        "An energy-efficient load balance strategy based on
                 virtual machine consolidation in cloud environment",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "146",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "222--233",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2023.04.014",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 20 14:13:35 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X23001498",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Yao:2023:EOG,
  author =       "Jianguo Yao and Qiumin Lu and Run Tian and Keqin Li
                 and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "An Economy-Oriented {GPU} Virtualization With Dynamic
                 and Adaptive Oversubscription",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1371--1383",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2022.3199998",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 28 11:15:52 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Zeng:2023:EES,
  author =       "Deze Zeng and Andong Zhu and Lin Gu and Peng Li and
                 Quan Chen and Minyi Guo",
  title =        "Enabling Efficient Spatio-Temporal {GPU} Sharing for
                 Network Function Virtualization",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2963--2977",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2023.3278541",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 14 07:25:14 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Zhao:2023:FTM,
  author =       "Ziming Zhao and Mingyu Wu and Xujie Cao and Haibo Chen
                 and Binyu Zang",
  title =        "{Flock}: Towards Multitasking Virtual Machines for
                 Function-as-a-Service",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "3153--3166",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2023.3288751",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 2 09:49:58 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Zhao:2023:VPA,
  author =       "Hui Zhao and Nanzhi Feng and Jianhua Li and Guobin
                 Zhang and Jing Wang and Quan Wang and Bo Wan",
  title =        "{VM} performance-aware virtual machine migration
                 method based on ant colony optimization in cloud
                 environment",
  journal =      j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP,
  volume =       "176",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "17--27",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "JPDCER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2023.02.003",
  ISSN =         "0743-7315 (print), 1096-0848 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0743-7315",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 27 07:37:15 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jpardistcomp2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743731523000187",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07437315",
}

@Article{Ajmera:2024:DVM,
  author =       "Kashav Ajmera and Tribhuwan Kumar Tewari",
  title =        "Dynamic Virtual Machine Scheduling Using Residual
                 Optimum Power-Efficiency In The Cloud Data Center",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1099--1110",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxad045",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 17 12:30:48 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/67/3/1099/7161852",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Alkhalaf:2024:EDD,
  author =       "Asma Alkhalaf and Farookh Khadeer Hussain",
  title =        "{EleVMate} --- a data-driven approach for `on-the-fly'
                 horizontal small datacentre scalability and {VM}
                 starvation",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "159",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "91--101",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2024.04.036",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 10 07:08:35 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X24001651",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Asanuma:2024:DAL,
  author =       "Kota Asanuma and Hiroshi Yamada",
  title =        "{DBMS}-Assisted Live Migration of Virtual Machines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "380--393",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2023.3329943",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 16 07:37:44 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Central Processing Unit; cloud computing; database
                 management systems; Live migration; Memory management;
                 Prototypes; Software; system virtualization; Task
                 analysis; Virtual machine monitors; Virtual machining",
}

@Article{Aslan:2024:FRA,
  author =       "Fatih Aslan and George Iosifidis and Jose A.
                 Ayala-Romero and Andres Garcia-Saavedra and Xavier
                 Costa-Perez",
  title =        "Fair Resource Allocation in Virtualized {O-RAN}
                 Platforms",
  journal =      j-POMACS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17:1--17:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3639043",
  ISSN =         "2476-1249",
  ISSN-L =       "2476-1249",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 20 07:19:54 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pomacs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3639043",
  abstract =     "O-RAN systems and their deployment in virtualized
                 general-purpose computing platforms (O-Cloud)
                 constitute a paradigm shift expected to bring
                 unprecedented performance gains. However, these
                 architectures raise new implementation challenges and
                 threaten \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of
                 Computing Systems (POMACS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/pomacs",
}

@Article{Benedictis:2024:NAV,
  author =       "Marco {De Benedictis} and Ludovic Jacquin and Ignazio
                 Pedone and Andrea Atzeni and Antonio Lioy",
  title =        "A novel architecture to virtualise a hardware-bound
                 trusted platform module",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "150",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "21--36",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2023.08.012",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 17 15:34:19 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X2300314X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Bosse:2024:VMP,
  author =       "Stefan Bosse",
  title =        "A Virtual Machine Platform Providing Machine Learning
                 as a Programmable and Distributed Service for {IoT} and
                 Edge On-Device Computing: Architecture, Transformation,
                 and Evaluation of Integer Discretization",
  journal =      j-ALGORITHMS-BASEL,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "8",
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ALGOCH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/a17080356",
  ISSN =         "1999-4893 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-4893",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 05:57:31 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algorithms.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/8/356",
  abstract =     "Data-driven models used for predictive classification
                 and regression tasks are commonly computed using
                 floating-point arithmetic and powerful computers. We
                 address constraints in distributed sensor networks like
                 the IoT, edge, and material-integrated computing,
                 providing only low-resource embedded computers with
                 sensor data that are acquired and processed locally.
                 Sensor networks are characterized by strong
                 heterogeneous systems. This work introduces and
                 evaluates a virtual machine architecture that provides
                 ML as a service layer (MLaaS) on the node level and
                 addresses very low-resource distributed embedded
                 computers (with less than 20 kB of RAM). The VM
                 provides a unified ML instruction set architecture that
                 can be programmed to implement decision trees, ANN, and
                 CNN model architectures using scaled integer arithmetic
                 only. Models are trained primarily offline using
                 floating-point arithmetic, finally converted by an
                 iterative scaling and transformation process,
                 demonstrated in this work by two tests based on
                 simulated and synthetic data. This paper is an extended
                 version of the FedCSIS 2023 conference paper providing
                 new algorithms and ML applications, including
                 ANN/CNN-based regression and classification tasks
                 studying the effects of discretization on
                 classification and regression accuracy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "356",
  fjournal =     "Algorithms (Basel)",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/algorithms",
}

@Article{Carberry:2024:RTR,
  author =       "Joshua R. Carberry and John Rahme and Haiping Xu",
  title =        "Real-Time rejuvenation scheduling for cloud systems
                 with virtualized software spares",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "217",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.112168",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 16:28:04 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121224002139",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "112168",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Carvalho:2024:SDD,
  author =       "Fabr{\'\i}cio B. Carvalho and Ronaldo A. Ferreira and
                 {\'I}talo Cunha and Marcos A. M. Vieira and Murali K.
                 Ramanathan",
  title =        "State Disaggregation for Dynamic Scaling of Network
                 Functions",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "81--95",
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3282562",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 12 07:06:49 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2023.3282562",
  abstract =     "Network Function Virtualization promises better
                 utilization of computational resources by dynamically
                 scaling resources on demand. However, most network
                 functions (NFs) are stateful and require state updates
                 on a per-packet basis. During a scaling \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Cerveira:2024:RV,
  author =       "Frederico Cerveira and Ant{\'o}nio Howcroft Ferreira
                 and Raul Barbosa",
  title =        "Resilient Virtualization",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "70--78",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2023.3306617",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162 (print), 1558-0814 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 15 08:20:18 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computer2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2",
  keywords =     "Hardware; Scalability; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Chen:2024:CEH,
  author =       "Bochuan Chen and Xiao Guo and Yuting Chen and Xiaofeng
                 Yu and Lei Bu",
  title =        "Constructing exception handling chains for testing
                 {Java} virtual machine implementations",
  journal =      j-J-SOFTW-EVOL-PROC,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "e2562:1--e2562:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.2562",
  ISSN =         "2047-7473 (print), 2047-7481 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2047-7473",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 25 07:47:43 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsoftwevolproc.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Softw. Evol. Proc.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Software: Evolution and Process",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2047-7481",
  onlinedate =   "15 April 2023",
}

@Article{Cheng:2024:ITD,
  author =       "Pau-Chen Cheng and Wojciech Ozga and Enriquillo Valdez
                 and Salman Ahmed and Zhongshu Gu and Hani Jamjoom and
                 Hubertus Franke and James Bottomley",
  title =        "{Intel TDX} Demystified: a Top-Down Approach",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "238:1--238:??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3652597",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 16 09:22:05 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652597",
  abstract =     "Intel Trust Domain Extensions (TDX) is an
                 architectural extension in the 4th Generation Intel
                 Xeon Scalable Processor that supports confidential
                 computing. TDX allows the deployment of virtual
                 machines in the Secure-Arbitration Mode (SEAM) with
                 encrypted CPU state and memory, integrity protection,
                 and remote attestation. TDX aims at enforcing
                 hardware-assisted isolation for virtual machines and
                 minimize the attack surface exposed to host platforms,
                 which are considered to be untrustworthy or adversarial
                 in the confidential computing's new threat model. TDX
                 can be leveraged by regulated industries or sensitive
                 data holders to outsource their computations and data
                 with end-to-end protection in public cloud
                 infrastructures.\par

                 This article aims at providing a comprehensive
                 understanding of TDX to potential adopters, domain
                 experts, and security researchers looking to leverage
                 the technology for their own purposes. We adopt a
                 top-down approach, starting with high-level security
                 principles and moving to low-level technical details of
                 TDX. Our analysis is based on publicly available
                 documentation and source code, offering insights from
                 security researchers outside of Intel.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Comput. Surv.",
  articleno =    "238",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Cinque:2024:TIA,
  author =       "Marcello Cinque and Luigi {De Simone} and Daniele
                 Ottaviano",
  title =        "Temporal isolation assessment in virtualized
                 safety-critical mixed-criticality systems: a case study
                 on {Xen} hypervisor",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "216",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.112147",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 16:28:03 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121224001924",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "112147",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

@Article{Claudino:2024:PQC,
  author =       "Daniel Claudino and Dmitry I. Lyakh and Alexander J.
                 McCaskey",
  title =        "Parallel quantum computing simulations via quantum
                 accelerator platform virtualization",
  journal =      j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS,
  volume =       "160",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "264--273",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "FGSEVI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2024.06.007",
  ISSN =         "0167-739X (print), 1872-7115 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-739X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 12 06:41:13 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/futgencompsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X24003054",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167739X",
}

@Article{Cloosters:2024:MCB,
  author =       "Tobias Cloosters and Oussama Draissi and Johannes
                 Willbold and Thorsten Holz and Lucas Davi",
  title =        "Memory Corruption at the Border of Trusted Execution",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SEC-PRIV,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "87--96",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "2024",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MSEC.2024.3381439",
  ISSN =         "1540-7993 (print), 1558-4046 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1540-7993",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 8 11:50:27 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesecpriv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/risc-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/rust.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Security \& Privacy",
  journal-URL =  "https://publications.computer.org/security-and-privacy/",
  keywords =     "AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization; ARM Trustzone;
                 Codes; Computer security; Fuzzing; Instruction sets;
                 Kernel; Libraries; Protection; Random access memory;
                 RISC-V Keystone; Rust SGX SDK; Security; Trusted
                 computing",
}

@Article{Drummond:2024:DAW,
  author =       "L{\'u}cia Maria A. Drummond and Luciano Andrade and
                 Pedro de Brito Muniz and Matheus Marotti Pereira and
                 Thiago do Prado Silva and Luan Teylo",
  title =        "Design and analyses of web scraping on burstable
                 virtual machines",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "e7999:1--e7999:??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7999",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 28 09:32:34 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "27 December 2023",
}

@Article{Entrialgo:2024:JAC,
  author =       "Joaqu{\'\i}n Entrialgo and Manuel Garc{\'\i}a and
                 Javier Garc{\'\i}a and Jos{\'e} Mar{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez
                 and Jos{\'e} Luis D{\'\i}az",
  title =        "Joint Autoscaling of Containers and Virtual Machines
                 for Cost Optimization in Container Clusters",
  journal =      j-J-GRID-COMP,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-023-09732-4",
  ISSN =         "1570-7873 (print), 1572-9184 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1570-7873",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 31 15:30:13 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jgridcomp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10723-023-09732-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Grid Comp.",
  articleno =    "17",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Grid Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10723",
}

@Article{Fang:2024:PPV,
  author =       "Yaozheng Fang and Zhiyuan Zhou and Surong Dai and
                 Jinni Yang and Hui Zhang and Ye Lu",
  title =        "{PaVM}: a Parallel Virtual Machine for Smart Contract
                 Execution and Validation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "186--202",
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2023.3334208",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 21 07:25:29 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
}

@Article{Femminella:2024:IIT,
  author =       "Mauro Femminella and Gianluca Reali",
  title =        "Implementing {Internet of Things} Service Platforms
                 with Network Function Virtualization Serverless
                 Technologies",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "91",
  day =          "08",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030091",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 09:47:36 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/3/91",
  abstract =     "The need for adaptivity and scalability in
                 telecommunication systems has led to the introduction
                 of a software-based approach to networking, in which
                 network functions are virtualized and implemented in
                 software modules, based on network function
                 virtualization (NFV) technologies. The growing demand
                 for low latency, efficiency, flexibility and security
                 has placed some limitations on the adoption of these
                 technologies, due to some problems of traditional
                 virtualization solutions. However, the introduction of
                 lightweight virtualization approaches is paving the way
                 for new and better infrastructures for implementing
                 network functions. This article discusses these new
                 virtualization solutions and shows a proposal, based on
                 serverless computing, that uses them to implement
                 container-based virtualized network functions for the
                 delivery of advanced Internet of Things (IoT) services.
                 It includes open source software components to
                 implement both the virtualization layer, implemented
                 through Firecracker, and the runtime environment, based
                 on Kata containers. A set of experiments shows that the
                 proposed approach is fast, in order to boost new
                 network functions, and more efficient than some
                 baseline solutions, with minimal resource footprint.
                 Therefore, it is an excellent candidate to implement
                 NFV functions in the edge deployment of serverless
                 services for the IoT.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Ferrise:2024:MEE,
  author =       "Francesco Ferrise and Monica Bordegoni and Alberto
                 Gallace and Stefania Serafin",
  title =        "Multisensory Experiences in Extended Reality",
  journal =      j-IEEE-CGA,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11--13",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ICGADZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2024.3428110",
  ISSN =         "0272-1716 (print), 1558-1756 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1716",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 23 11:49:56 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeecga.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=38",
  keywords =     "Auditory system; Complexity theory; Extended reality;
                 Head-mounted displays; Multisensory integration; Object
                 recognition; Special issues and sections; Virtual
                 environments; Virtual reality; Virtualization;
                 Visualization",
}

@Article{Fu:2024:EDF,
  author =       "Ying Fu and Meng Ren and Fuchen Ma and Xin Yang and
                 Heyuan Shi and Shanshan Li and Xiangke Liao",
  title =        "{EVMFuzz}: Differential fuzz testing of {Ethereum}
                 virtual machine",
  journal =      j-J-SOFTW-EVOL-PROC,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "e2556:1--e2556:??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.2556",
  ISSN =         "2047-7473 (print), 2047-7481 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2047-7473",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 25 07:47:43 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsoftwevolproc.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Softw. Evol. Proc.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Software: Evolution and Process",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2047-7481",
  onlinedate =   "26 March 2023",
}

@Article{Gentile:2024:OVP,
  author =       "Antonio Francesco Gentile and Davide Macr{\`\i} and
                 Emilio Greco and Peppino Fazio",
  title =        "Overlay and Virtual Private Networks Security
                 Performances Analysis with Open Source Infrastructure
                 Deployment",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "7",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16080283",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 06:19:01 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/8/283",
  abstract =     "Nowadays, some of the most well-deployed
                 infrastructures are Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and
                 Overlay Networks (ONs). They consist of hardware and
                 software components designed to build private/secure
                 channels, typically over the Internet. They are
                 currently among the most reliable technologies for
                 achieving this objective. VPNs are well-established and
                 can be patched to address security vulnerabilities,
                 while overlay networks represent the next-generation
                 solution for secure communication. In this paper, for
                 both VPNs and ONs, we analyze some important network
                 performance components (RTT and bandwidth) while
                 varying the type of overlay networks utilized for
                 interconnecting traffic between two or more hosts (in
                 the same data center, in different data centers in the
                 same building, or over the Internet). These networks
                 establish connections between KVM (Kernel-based Virtual
                 Machine) instances rather than the typical
                 Docker/LXC/Podman containers. The first analysis aims
                 to assess network performance as it is, without any
                 overlay channels. Meanwhile, the second establishes
                 various channels without encryption and the final
                 analysis encapsulates overlay traffic via IPsec
                 (Transport mode), where encrypted channels like VTI are
                 not already available for use. A deep set of traffic
                 simulation campaigns shows the obtained performance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "283",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Ghasemi:2024:EVM,
  author =       "Arezoo Ghasemi and Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat and Amin
                 Keshavarzi",
  title =        "Enhancing virtual machine placement efficiency in
                 cloud data centers: a hybrid approach using
                 multi-objective reinforcement learning and clustering
                 strategies",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2897--2922",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-024-01311-z",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 07:24:23 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-024-01311-z",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Computing",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Gupta:2024:SVL,
  author =       "Ambika Gupta and Suyel Namasudra and Prabhat Kumar",
  title =        "A secure {VM} live migration technique in a cloud
                 computing environment using blowfish and blockchain
                 technology",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "19",
  pages =        "27370--27393",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06461-7",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 8 08:03:35 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-024-06461-7",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Haris:2024:OPC,
  author =       "Raseena M. Haris and Mahmoud Barhamgi and Armstrong
                 Nhlabatsi and Khaled M. Khan",
  title =        "Optimizing pre-copy live virtual machine migration in
                 cloud computing using machine learning-based prediction
                 model",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "3031--3062",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-024-01318-6",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 07:24:23 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-024-01318-6",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Computing",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Harutyunyan:2024:DCA,
  author =       "Ashot Harutyunyan and Arnak Poghosyan and Tigran
                 Bunarjyan and Andranik Haroyan and Marine Harutyunyan
                 and Lilit Harutyunyan and Nelson Baloian",
  title =        "Discovery of Cloud Applications from Logs",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "216",
  day =          "18",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16060216",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 2 10:12:15 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/6/216",
  abstract =     "Continuous discovery and update of applications or
                 their boundaries running in cloud environments in an
                 automatic way is a highly required function of modern
                 data center operation solutions. Prior attempts to
                 address this problem within various products or
                 projects were/are applying rule-driven approaches or
                 machine learning techniques on specific types of
                 data--network traffic as well as property/configuration
                 data of infrastructure objects, which all have their
                 drawbacks in effectively identifying roles of those
                 resources. The current proposal (ADLog) leverages log
                 data of sources, which contain incomparably richer
                 contextual information, and demonstrates a reliable way
                 of discriminating application objects. Specifically,
                 using native constructs of VMware Aria Operations for
                 Logs in terms of event types and their distributions,
                 we group those entities, which then can be potentially
                 enriched with indicative tags automatically and
                 recommended for further management tasks and policies.
                 Our methods differentiate not only diverse kinds of
                 applications, but also their specific deployments, thus
                 providing hierarchical representation of the
                 applications in time and topology. For several
                 applications under Aria Ops management in our
                 experimental test bed, we discover those in terms of
                 similarity behavior of their components with a high
                 accuracy. The validation of the proposal paves the path
                 for an AI-driven solution in cloud management
                 scenarios.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{He:2024:MDC,
  author =       "Xinfeng He and Riyang Li",
  title =        "Malware detection for container runtime based on
                 virtual machine introspection",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "7245--7268",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05727-w",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 26 07:19:20 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-023-05727-w",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Huang:2024:PPV,
  author =       "Haojun Huang and Jialin Tian and Geyong Min and Hao
                 Yin and Cheng Zeng and Yangming Zhao and Dapeng Oliver
                 Wu",
  title =        "Parallel Placement of Virtualized Network Functions
                 via Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-NETWORKING,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2936--2949",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "IEANEP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2024.3366950",
  ISSN =         "1063-6692 (print), 1558-2566 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6692",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 21 06:19:41 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetransnetworking.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2024.3366950",
  abstract =     "Network Function Virtualization (NFV) introduces a new
                 network architecture that offers different network
                 services flexibly and dynamically in the form of
                 Service Function Chains (SFCs), which refer to a set of
                 Virtualization Network Functions (VNFs) \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE\slash ACM Transactions on Networking",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/ton",
}

@Article{Huang:2024:VEC,
  author =       "Hang Huang and Honglei Wang and Jia Rao and Song Wu
                 and Hao Fan and Chen Yu and Hai Jin and Kun Suo and
                 Lisong Pan",
  title =        "{vKernel}: Enhancing Container Isolation via Private
                 Code and Data",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1711--1723",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2024.3383988",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 12 15:57:24 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Codes; Container; Containers; Interference; isolation;
                 kernel; Kernel; performance; Security; Virtual machine
                 monitors; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Juiz:2024:SSC,
  author =       "Carlos Juiz and Belen Bermejo",
  title =        "On the scalability of the speedup considering the
                 overhead of consolidating virtual machines in servers
                 for data centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "12463--12511",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-05943-y",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 5 08:12:13 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-024-05943-y",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Kabamba:2024:VLO,
  author =       "Herve M. Kabamba and Matthew Khouzam and Michel R.
                 Dagenais",
  title =        "{Vnode}: Low-Overhead Transparent Tracing of {{\tt
                 Node.js}}-Based Microservice Architectures",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13",
  day =          "29",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16010013",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 09:47:35 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/1/13",
  abstract =     "Tracing serves as a key method for evaluating the
                 performance of microservices-based architectures, which
                 are renowned for their scalability, resource
                 efficiency, and high availability. Despite their
                 advantages, these architectures often pose unique
                 debugging challenges that necessitate trade-offs,
                 including the burden of instrumentation overhead. With
                 Node.js emerging as a leading development environment
                 recognized for its rapidly growing ecosystem, there is
                 a pressing need for innovative performance debugging
                 approaches that reduce the telemetry data collection
                 efforts and the overhead incurred by the environment's
                 instrumentation. In response, we introduce a new
                 approach designed for transparent tracing and
                 performance debugging of microservices in cloud
                 settings. This approach is centered around our newly
                 developed Internal Transparent Tracing and Context
                 Reconstruction (ITTCR) technique. ITTCR is adept at
                 correlating internal metrics from various distributed
                 trace files to reconstruct the intricate execution
                 contexts of microservices operating in a Node.js
                 environment. Our method achieves transparency by
                 directly instrumenting the Node.js virtual machine,
                 enabling the collection and analysis of trace events in
                 a transparent manner. This process facilitates the
                 creation of visualization tools, enhancing the
                 understanding and analysis of microservice performance
                 in cloud environments. Compared to other methods, our
                 approach incurs an overhead of approximately 5\% on the
                 system for the trace collection infrastructure while
                 exhibiting minimal utilization of system resources
                 during analysis execution. Experiments demonstrate that
                 our technique scales well with very large trace files
                 containing huge numbers of events and performs analyses
                 in very acceptable timeframes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Kappes:2024:DFU,
  author =       "Giorgos Kappes and Stergios V. Anastasiadis",
  title =        "{Diciclo}: Flexible User-level Services for Efficient
                 Multitenant Isolation",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "3:1--3:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3639404",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 16 10:49:47 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3639404",
  abstract =     "Containers are a mainstream virtualization technique
                 for running stateful workloads over persistent storage.
                 In highly utilized multitenant hosts, resource
                 contention at the system kernel leads to inefficient
                 container input/output (I/O) handling. Although there
                 are interesting techniques to address this issue, they
                 incur high implementation complexity and execution
                 overhead. As a cost-effective alternative, we introduce
                 the Diciclo architecture with our assumptions, goals,
                 and principles. For each tenant, Diciclo isolates the
                 control and data I/O path at user level and runs
                 dedicated storage systems. Diciclo includes the
                 libservice unified user-level abstraction of system
                 services and the node structure design pattern for the
                 application and server side. We prototyped a toolkit of
                 user-level components that comprise the library to
                 invoke the standard I/O calls, the I/O communication
                 mechanism, and the I/O services. Based on Diciclo, we
                 built Danaus, a filesystem client that integrates a
                 union filesystem with a Ceph distributed filesystem
                 client and configurable shared cache. Across different
                 host configurations, workloads, and systems, Danaus
                 achieves improved performance stability, because it
                 handles I/O with reserved per-tenant resources and
                 avoids intensive kernel locking. Based on having built
                 and evaluated Danaus, we share valuable lessons about
                 resource contention, file management, service
                 separation, and performance stability in multitenant
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.",
  articleno =    "3",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tocs",
}

@Article{Kumar:2024:EPV,
  author =       "K. Dinesh Kumar and E. Umamaheswari",
  title =        "An efficient proactive {VM} consolidation technique
                 with improved {LSTM} network in a cloud environment",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--28",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-023-01214-5",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 07:24:20 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-023-01214-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Computing",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Li:2024:BLI,
  author =       "Huiba Li and Zhihao Zhang and Yifan Yuan and Rui Du
                 and Kai Ma and Lanzheng Liu and Yiming Zhang and
                 Windsor Hsu",
  title =        "Block-level Image Service for the Cloud",
  journal =      j-TOS,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1:1--1:??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3620672",
  ISSN =         "1553-3077 (print), 1553-3093 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1553-3077",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 23 16:50:38 MST 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tos.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620672",
  abstract =     "Businesses increasingly need agile and elastic
                 computing infrastructure to respond quickly to
                 real-world situations. By offering efficient
                 process-based virtualization and a layered image
                 system, containers are designed to enable agile and
                 elastic \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "1",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Storage",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tos",
}

@Article{Li:2024:MSM,
  author =       "Di Li and Zhibang Yang and Siyang Yu and Mingxing Duan
                 and Shenghong Yang",
  title =        "A Micro-Segmentation Method Based on {VLAN-VxLAN}
                 Mapping Technology",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "320",
  day =          "4",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16090320",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 30 08:13:31 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/9/320",
  abstract =     "As information technology continues to evolve, cloud
                 data centres have become increasingly prominent as the
                 preferred infrastructure for data storage and
                 processing. However, this shift has introduced a new
                 array of security challenges, necessitating innovative
                 approaches distinct from traditional network security
                 architectures. In response, the Zero Trust Architecture
                 (ZTA) has emerged as a promising solution, with
                 micro-segmentation identified as a crucial component
                 for enabling continuous auditing and stringent security
                 controls. VxLAN technology is widely utilized in data
                 centres for tenant isolation and virtual machine
                 interconnection within tenant environments. Despite its
                 prevalent use, limited research has focused on its
                 application in micro-segmentation scenarios. To address
                 this gap, we propose a method that leverages VLAN and
                 VxLAN many-to-one mapping, requiring that all internal
                 data centre traffic routes through the VxLAN gateway.
                 This method can be implemented cost-effectively,
                 without necessitating business modifications or causing
                 service disruptions, thereby overcoming the challenges
                 associated with micro-segmentation deployment.
                 Importantly, this approach is based on standard public
                 protocols, making it independent of specific product
                 brands and enabling a network-centric framework that
                 avoids software compatibility issues. To assess the
                 effectiveness of our micro-segmentation approach, we
                 provide a comprehensive evaluation that includes
                 network aggregation and traffic visualization. Building
                 on the implementation of micro-segmentation, we also
                 introduce an enhanced asset behaviour algorithm. This
                 algorithm constructs behavioural profiles based on the
                 historical traffic of internal network assets, enabling
                 the rapid identification of abnormal behaviours and
                 facilitating timely defensive actions. Empirical
                 results demonstrate that our algorithm is highly
                 effective in detecting anomalous behaviour in intranet
                 assets, making it a powerful tool for enhancing
                 security in cloud data centres. In summary, the
                 proposed approach offers a robust and efficient
                 solution to the challenges of micro-segmentation in
                 cloud data centres, contributing to the advancement of
                 secure and reliable cloud infrastructure.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Liu:2024:DNO,
  author =       "Lisi Liu and Zijie Xu and Xiaobin Qu",
  title =        "Development of a Novel Open Control System
                 Implementation Method under Industrial {IoT}",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "14",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16080293",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 06:19:01 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/8/293",
  abstract =     "The closed architecture of modern control systems
                 impedes them from further development in the
                 environment of the industrial IoT. The open control
                 system is proposed to tackle this issue. Numerous open
                 control prototypes have been proposed, but they do not
                 reach high openness. According to the definition and
                 criteria of open control systems, this paper suggests
                 that the independence between control tasks and the
                 independence between control tasks and infrastructures
                 are the keys to the open control system under the
                 industrial IoT. Through the control domain's formal
                 description and control task virtualization to deal
                 with the keys, this paper proposes a new method to
                 implement open control systems under the industrial
                 IoT. Specifically, given the hybrid characteristic of
                 the control domain, a hierarchical semantic formal
                 based on an extended finite state machine and a
                 dependency network model with the time property is
                 designed to describe the control domain. Considering
                 the infrastructure's heterogeneity in the industrial
                 IoT, a hybrid virtualization approach based on
                 containers and WebAssembly is designed to virtualize
                 control tasks. The proposed open control system
                 implementation method is illustrated by constructing an
                 open computer numerical control demonstration and
                 compared to current open control prototypes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "293",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Liu:2024:HAK,
  author =       "Jianzhong Liu and Yuheng Shen and Yiru Xu and Hao Sun
                 and Yu Jiang",
  title =        "{Horus}: Accelerating Kernel Fuzzing through Efficient
                 {Host--VM} Memory Access Procedures",
  journal =      j-TOSEM,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11:1--11:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ATSMER",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3611665",
  ISSN =         "1049-331X (print), 1557-7392 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1049-331X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 09:12:06 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tosem.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3611665",
  abstract =     "Kernel fuzzing is an effective technique in operating
                 system vulnerability detection. Fuzzers such as
                 Syzkaller and Moonshine frequently pass highly
                 structured data between fuzzer processes in guest
                 virtual machines and manager processes in the host
                 \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol.",
  articleno =    "11",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and
                 Methodology",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tosem",
}

@Article{Mahmoodabadi:2024:AAV,
  author =       "Zahra Mahmoodabadi and Mostafa Nouri-Baygi",
  title =        "An approximation algorithm for virtual machine
                 placement in cloud data centers",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "915--941",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05505-8",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 15 10:23:12 MST 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-023-05505-8",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Malhotra:2024:SLR,
  author =       "Ruchika Malhotra and Anjali Bansal and Marouane
                 Kessentini",
  title =        "A Systematic Literature Review on Maintenance of
                 Software Containers",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "193:1--193:??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3645092",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 16 09:22:04 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3645092",
  abstract =     "Nowadays, cloud computing is gaining tremendous
                 attention to deliver information via the internet.
                 Virtualization plays a major role in cloud computing as
                 it deploys multiple virtual machines on the same
                 physical machine and thus results in improving resource
                 utilization. Hypervisor-based virtualization and
                 containerization are two commonly used approaches in
                 operating system virtualization. In this article, we
                 provide a systematic literature review on various
                 phases in maintenance of containers including container
                 image detection, container scheduling, container
                 security measures, and performance evaluation of
                 containers. We have selected 145 primary studies out of
                 which 24\% of studies are related to container
                 performance evaluation, 42\% of studies are related to
                 container scheduling techniques, 22\% of studies are
                 related to container security measures, and 12\% of
                 studies are related to container image detection
                 process. A few studies are related to container image
                 detection process and evaluation of container security
                 measures. Resource utilization is the most considered
                 performance objective in almost all container
                 scheduling techniques. We conclude that there is a need
                 to introduce new tagging approaches, smell detection
                 approaches, and also new approaches to detect and
                 resolve threat issues in containers so that we can
                 maintain the security of containers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Comput. Surv.",
  articleno =    "193",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Mao:2024:JVN,
  author =       "Yingling Mao and Xiaojun Shang and Yu Liu and Yuanyuan
                 Yang",
  title =        "Joint Virtual Network Function Placement and Flow
                 Routing in Edge-Cloud Continuum",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "872--886",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2023.3347671",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 16 07:37:44 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Approximation algorithms; Cloud computing; cloud
                 computing; Costs; edge computing; Edge computing;
                 Heuristic algorithms; joint resource and latency
                 optimization; Network function virtualization; Routing;
                 Servers; service function chain deployment",
}

@Article{Mirobi:2024:RND,
  author =       "G. Justy Mirobi and L. Arockiam",
  title =        "Retraction Note: {DAVmS: Distance Aware Virtual
                 Machine Scheduling} approach for reducing the response
                 time in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING,
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "19945--19945",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JOSUED",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-05970-9",
  ISSN =         "0920-8542 (print), 1573-0484 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0920-8542",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 3 09:56:31 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsuper2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Mirobi:2021:DDA}.",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-024-05970-9",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Supercomputing",
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Supercomputing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11227",
}

@Article{Moreno-Vozmediano:2024:IRO,
  author =       "Rafael Moreno-Vozmediano and Rub{\'e}n S. Montero and
                 Eduardo Huedo and Ignacio M. Llorente",
  title =        "Intelligent Resource Orchestration for {5G} Edge
                 Infrastructures",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "103",
  day =          "19",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030103",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 09:47:36 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/3/103",
  abstract =     "The adoption of edge infrastructure in 5G environments
                 stands out as a transformative technology aimed at
                 meeting the increasing demands of latency-sensitive and
                 data-intensive applications. This research paper
                 presents a comprehensive study on the intelligent
                 orchestration of 5G edge computing infrastructures. The
                 proposed Smart 5G Edge-Cloud Management Architecture,
                 built upon an OpenNebula foundation, incorporates a
                 ONEedge5G experimental component, which offers
                 intelligent workload forecasting and infrastructure
                 orchestration and automation capabilities, for optimal
                 allocation of virtual resources across diverse edge
                 locations. The research evaluated different forecasting
                 models, based both on traditional statistical
                 techniques and machine learning techniques, comparing
                 their accuracy in CPU usage prediction for a dataset of
                 virtual machines (VMs). Additionally, an integer linear
                 programming formulation was proposed to solve the
                 optimization problem of mapping VMs to physical servers
                 in distributed edge infrastructure. Different
                 optimization criteria such as minimizing server usage,
                 load balancing, and reducing latency violations were
                 considered, along with mapping constraints.
                 Comprehensive tests and experiments were conducted to
                 evaluate the efficacy of the proposed architecture.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Naeen:2024:CDC,
  author =       "Mohammad Ali Monshizadeh Naeen and Hamid Reza Ghaffari
                 and Hossein Monshizadeh Naeen",
  title =        "Cloud data center cost management using virtual
                 machine consolidation with an improved artificial
                 feeding birds algorithm",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1795--1823",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-024-01267-0",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 07:24:22 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-024-01267-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Computing",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Nie:2024:VSP,
  author =       "Chen Nie and Chenyu Tang and Jie Lin and Huan Hu and
                 Chenyang Lv and Ting Cao and Weifeng Zhang and Li Jiang
                 and Xiaoyao Liang and Weikang Qian and Yanan Sun and
                 Zhezhi He",
  title =        "{VSPIM}: {SRAM} Processing-in-Memory {DNN}
                 Acceleration via Vector--Scalar Operations",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2378--2390",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2023.3285095",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 13:00:14 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Acceleration of machine learning; Computer
                 architecture; Costs; emerging architecture; general
                 matrix multiplication; Loading; Optimization; Parallel
                 processing; Random access memory; SRAM processing -in-
                 memory; Virtual machine monitors",
}

@Article{Nogales:2024:SDC,
  author =       "Borja Nogales and Ivan Vidal and Francisco Valera and
                 Victor Sanchez-Aguero and Diego R. Lopez",
  title =        "Software-Driven Connectivity Orchestration for
                 Multidomain Network Functions Virtualization
                 Ecosystems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-SOFTWARE,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "88--97",
  month =        mar # "\slash " # apr,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "IESOEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2023.3304854",
  ISSN =         "0740-7459 (print), 1937-4194 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0740-7459",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 5 17:28:57 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeesoft2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Software",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=52",
  keywords =     "5G mobile communication; Ecosystems; IP networks;
                 Overlay networks; Routing; Software; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Queiroz:2024:CBV,
  author =       "Rui Queiroz and Tiago Cruz and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Mendes
                 and Pedro Sousa and Paulo Sim{\~o}es",
  title =        "Container-based Virtualization for Real-time
                 Industrial Systems --- a Systematic Review",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "59:1--59:??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3617591",
  ISSN =         "0360-0300 (print), 1557-7341 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0360-0300",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 3 15:05:35 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617591",
  abstract =     "Industrial Automation and Control systems have matured
                 into a stable infrastructure model that has been kept
                 fundamentally unchanged, using discrete \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Comput. Surv.",
  articleno =    "59",
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/csur",
}

@Article{Reano:2024:AV,
  author =       "Carlos Rea{\~n}o and Federico Silla and Blesson
                 Varghese",
  title =        "Accelerator virtualization",
  journal =      j-CCPE,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "e6254:1--e6254:??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CCPEBO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6254",
  ISSN =         "1532-0626 (print), 1532-0634 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1532-0626",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 28 09:32:35 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ccpe2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Concurr. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1532-0626",
  onlinedate =   "26 February 2021",
}

@Article{Rjeib:2024:VEV,
  author =       "Hasanein D. Rjeib and Gabor Kecskemeti",
  title =        "{VMP-ER}: an Efficient Virtual Machine Placement
                 Algorithm for Energy and Resources Optimization in
                 Cloud Data Center",
  journal =      j-ALGORITHMS-BASEL,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "7",
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ALGOCH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/a17070295",
  ISSN =         "1999-4893 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-4893",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 05:57:31 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algorithms.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/7/295",
  abstract =     "Cloud service providers deliver computing services on
                 demand using the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
                 model. In a cloud data center, several virtual machines
                 (VMs) can be hosted on a single physical machine (PM)
                 with the help of virtualization. The virtual machine
                 placement (VMP) involves assigning VMs across various
                 physical machines, which is a crucial process impacting
                 energy draw and resource usage in the cloud data
                 center. Nonetheless, finding an effective settlement is
                 challenging owing to factors like hardware
                 heterogeneity and the scalability of cloud data
                 centers. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm
                 named VMP-ER aimed at optimizing power consumption and
                 reducing resource wastage. Our algorithm achieves this
                 by decreasing the number of running physical machines,
                 and it gives priority to energy-efficient servers.
                 Additionally, it improves resource utilization across
                 physical machines, thus minimizing wastage and ensuring
                 balanced resource allocation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "295",
  fjournal =     "Algorithms (Basel)",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/algorithms",
}

@Article{Rolon:2024:BMP,
  author =       "Sebasti{\'a}n Rol{\'o}n and Oana Balmau",
  title =        "Is Bare-metal {I/O} Performance with User-defined
                 Storage Drives Inside {VMs} Possible? {Benchmarking}
                 {\tt libvfio-user} vs. Common Storage Virtualization
                 Configurations",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--52",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3689051.3689059",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 15 06:03:40 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3689051.3689059",
  abstract =     "It is a critical concern for cloud computing providers
                 to identify and adopt optimal virtual machine (VM) I/O
                 storage paths. In Linux, these involve NVMe hardware,
                 PCIe passthrough with vfio, and userspace drivers (e.g.
                 SPDK). One project tying together \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Oper. Syst. Rev.",
  fjournal =     "Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigops",
}

@Article{Rozehkhani:2024:ECD,
  author =       "Seyyed Meysam Rozehkhani and Farnaz Mahan and Witold
                 Pedrycz",
  title =        "Efficient cloud data center: an adaptive framework for
                 dynamic {Virtual Machine Consolidation}",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "226",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103885",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 8 06:41:40 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804524000626",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103885",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Saadatfar:2024:NDG,
  author =       "Hamid Saadatfar and Hamid Gholampour Ahangar and Javad
                 Hassannataj Joloudari",
  title =        "A New Dynamic Game-Based Pricing Model for Cloud
                 Environment",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "49",
  day =          "31",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16020049",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 09:47:35 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/2/49",
  abstract =     "Resource pricing in cloud computing has become one of
                 the main challenges for cloud providers. The challenge
                 is determining a fair and appropriate price to satisfy
                 users and resource providers. To establish a
                 justifiable price, it is imperative to take into
                 account the circumstances and requirements of both the
                 provider and the user. This research tries to provide a
                 pricing mechanism for cloud computing based on game
                 theory. The suggested approach considers three aspects:
                 the likelihood of faults, the interplay among virtual
                 machines, and the amount of energy used, in order to
                 determine a justifiable price. In the game that is
                 being proposed, the provider is responsible for
                 determining the price of the virtual machine that can
                 be made available to the user on each physical machine.
                 The user, on the other hand, has the authority to
                 choose between the virtual machines that are offered in
                 order to run their application. The whole game is
                 implemented as a function of the resource broker
                 component. The proposed mechanism is simulated and
                 evaluated using the CloudSim simulator. Its performance
                 is compared with several previous recent mechanisms.
                 The results indicate that the suggested mechanism has
                 successfully identified a more rational price for both
                 the user and the provider, consequently enhancing the
                 overall profitability of the cloud system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Sadolewski:2024:VCS,
  author =       "Jan Sadolewski and Bartosz Trybus",
  title =        "Verification of Control System Runtime Using an
                 Executable Semantic Model",
  journal =      j-ALGORITHMS-BASEL,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "7",
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ALGOCH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/a17070273",
  ISSN =         "1999-4893 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1999-4893",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 30 05:57:31 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algorithms.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/17/7/273",
  abstract =     "The paper outlines a methodology for validating the
                 accuracy of a control system's runtime implementation.
                 The runtime takes the form of a virtual machine
                 executing portable code compliant with IEC 61131-3
                 standards. A formal model, comprising denotational
                 semantics equations, has been devised to specify
                 machine instruction decoding and operations, including
                 arithmetic functions across various data types, arrays,
                 and subprogram calls. The model also encompasses
                 exception-handling mechanisms for runtime errors, such
                 as division by zero and invalid array index access.
                 This denotational model is translated into executable
                 form using the functional $ F \# $ language.
                 Verification involves comparing the actual
                 implementation of the virtual machine against this
                 executable model. Any disparities between the model and
                 implementation indicate deviations from the
                 specification. Implemented within the CPDev engineering
                 environment, this approach ensures consistent and
                 predictable control program execution across different
                 target platforms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "273",
  fjournal =     "Algorithms (Basel)",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/algorithms",
}

@Article{Sha:2024:HSC,
  author =       "Sai Sha and Chuandong Li and Xiaolin Wang and Zhenlin
                 Wang and Yingwei Luo",
  title =        "Hardware--Software Collaborative Tiered-Memory
                 Management Framework for Virtualization",
  journal =      j-TOCS,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ACSYEC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3639564",
  ISSN =         "0734-2071 (print), 1557-7333 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0734-2071",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 16 10:49:47 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tocs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3639564",
  abstract =     "The tiered-memory system can effectively expand the
                 memory capacity for virtual machines (VMs). However,
                 virtualization introduces new challenges specifically
                 in enforcing performance isolation, minimizing context
                 switching, and providing resource overcommit. None of
                 the state-of-the-art designs consider virtualization
                 and address these challenges; we observe that a VM with
                 tiered memory incurs up to a $ 2 \times $ slowdown
                 compared to a DRAM-only VM.\par

                 We propose vTMM, a hardware-software collaborative
                 tiered-memory management framework for virtualization.
                 A key insight in vTMM is to leverage the unique system
                 features in virtualization to meet the above
                 challenges. vTMM automatically determines page hotness
                 and migrates pages between fast and slow memory to
                 achieve better performance. Specially, vTMM optimizes
                 page tracking and migration based on page-modification
                 logging (PML), a hardware-assisted virtualization
                 mechanism, and adaptively distinguishes hot/cold pages
                 through the page ``temperature'' sorting. vTMM also
                 dynamically adjusts fast memory among multi-VMs on
                 demand by using a memory pool. Further, vTMM tracks
                 huge pages at regular-page granularity in hardware and
                 splits/merges pages in software, realizing
                 hybrid-grained page management and optimization. We
                 implement and evaluate vTMM with single-grained page
                 management on an Intel processor, and the
                 hybrid-grained page management on a Sunway processor
                 with hardware mode supporting hardware/software
                 co-designs. Experiments show that vTMM outperforms
                 existing tiered-memory management designs in
                 virtualization.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Comput. Syst.",
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tocs",
}

@Article{Shahid:2024:ONP,
  author =       "Kamal Shahid and Saleem Naseer Ahmad and Syed Tahir
                 Hussain Rizvi",
  title =        "Optimizing Network Performance: a Comparative Analysis
                 of {EIGRP}, {OSPF}, and {BGP} in {IPv6}-Based
                 Load-Sharing and Link-Failover Systems",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "339",
  day =          "20",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16090339",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 30 08:13:31 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/9/339",
  abstract =     "The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare
                 how well different routing protocols perform in terms
                 of load sharing, link failover, and overall network
                 performance. Wireshark was used for packet-level
                 analysis, VMWare was used for virtualization, GNS3 was
                 used for network simulation, and Iperf3 was used to
                 measure network performance parameters. Convergence
                 time, packet losses, network jitter, and network delay
                 are the parameters that were selected for assessment.
                 To examine the behaviors of Open Shortest Path First
                 (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
                 (EIGRP) routing protocols in a variety of network
                 settings, a simulated network environment incorporating
                 both protocols along with Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
                 is created for the research. The setup for the
                 experiment entails simulating different network
                 conditions, such as fluctuating traffic loads and
                 connection failures, to track how the protocols
                 function in dynamic situations. The efficiency metrics
                 for OSPF and EIGRP with BGP are measured and evaluated
                 using the data generated by Wireshark and Iperf3. The
                 results of this research show that EIGRP has a better
                 failover convergence time and packet loss percentage as
                 compared to the OSPF.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Silva:2024:EDE,
  author =       "Lucas Silva and Jos{\'e} Metr{\^o}lho and Fernando
                 Ribeiro",
  title =        "Efficient Data Exchange between {WebAssembly}
                 Modules",
  journal =      j-FUTURE-INTERNET,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "341",
  day =          "20",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16090341",
  ISSN =         "1999-5903",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 30 08:13:31 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/future-internet.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/16/9/341",
  abstract =     "In the past two decades, there has been a noticeable
                 decoupling of machines and operating systems. In this
                 context, WebAssembly has emerged as a promising
                 alternative to traditional virtual machines. Originally
                 designed for execution in web browsers, it has expanded
                 to executing code in restricted and secure
                 environments, and it stands out for its rapid startup,
                 small footprint, and portability. However, WebAssembly
                 presents significant challenges in data transfer and
                 the management of interactions with the module. Its
                 specification requires each module to have its own
                 memory, resulting in a ``share-nothing'' architecture.
                 This restriction, combined with the limitations of
                 importing and exporting functions that only handle
                 numerical values, and the absence of an application
                 binary interface (ABI) for sharing more complex data
                 structures, leads to efficiency problems; these are
                 exacerbated by the variety of programming languages
                 that can be compiled and executed in the same
                 environment. To address this inefficiency, the Karmem
                 was designed and developed. It includes a new interface
                 description language (IDL) aimed at facilitating the
                 definition of data, functions, and relationships
                 between modules. Additionally, a proprietary
                 protocol---an optimized ABI for efficient data reading
                 and minimal decoding cost---was created. A code
                 generator capable of producing code for various
                 programming languages was also conceived, ensuring
                 harmonious interaction with the ABI and the foreign
                 function interface. Finally, the compact runtime of
                 Karmem, built atop a WebAssembly runtime, enables
                 communication between modules and shared memory.
                 Results of the experiments conducted show that Karmem
                 represents an innovation in data communication for WASM
                 in multiple environments and demonstrates the ability
                 to overcome challenges of efficiency and
                 interoperability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet",
}

@Article{Struhar:2024:HRO,
  author =       "V{\'a}clav Struh{\'a}r and Silviu S. Craciunas and
                 Mohammad Ashjaei and Moris Behnam and Alessandro V.
                 Papadopoulos",
  title =        "Hierarchical Resource Orchestration Framework for
                 Real-time Containers",
  journal =      j-TECS,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4:1--4:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3592856",
  ISSN =         "1539-9087 (print), 1558-3465 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1539-9087",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 3 11:10:48 MST 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tecs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3592856",
  abstract =     "Container-based virtualization is a promising
                 deployment model in fog and edge computing
                 applications, because it allows a seamless co-existence
                 of virtualized applications in a heterogeneous
                 environment without introducing significant overhead.
                 Certain \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.",
  articleno =    "4",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tecs",
}

@Article{Tian:2024:OPM,
  author =       "Shu-Juan Tian and Ke-Ke Xu and Wen-Jian Ding and
                 Yan-Chun Li and De-Ze Zeng",
  title =        "An offloading and pricing mechanism based on
                 virtualization in edge-cloud computing",
  journal =      j-COMP-NET-AMSTERDAM,
  volume =       "248",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2024.110468",
  ISSN =         "1389-1286 (print), 1872-7069 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1389-1286",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 30 10:09:31 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compnetamsterdam2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128624003001",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "110468",
  fjournal =     "Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands: 1999)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13891286/",
}

@Article{Wang:2024:OPT,
  author =       "Liang Wang and Jinzhe Yang and Jidong Zhai and
                 Guangwen Yang",
  title =        "Optimizing {I/O} Performance Through Effective {vCPU}
                 Scheduling Interference Management",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2315--2330",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2023.3329298",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 17 08:10:54 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
  keywords =     "Cloud computing; cloud computing; Dynamic scheduling;
                 I/O performance; Interference; interference diagnosis;
                 Performance evaluation; Processor scheduling;
                 Production; Task analysis; vCPU scheduling;
                 Virtualization",
}

@Article{Younes:2024:DTM,
  author =       "Sana Younes and Maroua Idi and Riadh Robbana",
  title =        "Discrete-time {Markov} decision process for
                 performance analysis of virtual machine allocation
                 schemes in {C-RAN}",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "225",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103859",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 10 11:07:43 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804524000365",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103859",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Younes:2024:FDA,
  author =       "Sana Younes and Maroua Idi",
  title =        "Formal dependability analysis of fault tolerant
                 {Virtual Machine} allocation strategies in {Cloud Radio
                 Access Network}",
  journal =      j-J-NETW-COMPUT-APPL,
  volume =       "229",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "JNCAF3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103917",
  ISSN =         "1084-8045 (print), 1095-8592 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1084-8045",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 6 13:30:46 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jnetwcomputappl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804524000948",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103917",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Network and Computer Applications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10848045",
}

@Article{Yousefi:2024:HEA,
  author =       "Malek Yousefi and Seyed Morteza Babamir",
  title =        "A hybrid energy-aware algorithm for virtual machine
                 placement in cloud computing",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1297--1320",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-024-01280-3",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 29 07:24:21 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-024-01280-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Computing",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Zhang:2024:AAD,
  author =       "Kai Zhang and Jiahui Hong and Zhengying He and Yinan
                 Jing and X. Sean Wang",
  title =        "{AdaptChain}: Adaptive Data Sharing and
                 Synchronization for {NFV} Systems on Heterogeneous
                 Architectures",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1281--1292",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITDSEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2024.3400594",
  ISSN =         "1045-9219 (print), 1558-2183 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1045-9219",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 19 16:27:44 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranspardistsys2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71",
  keywords =     "Adaptive synchronization; Costs; Data transfer; GPU;
                 Graphics processing units; heterogeneous architecture;
                 Memory management; Network function virtualization;
                 network function virtualization; Noise measurement;
                 Synchronization",
}

@Article{Zhang:2024:CEV,
  author =       "Zheng Zhang and Jingfeng Xue and Thar Baker and Tian
                 Chen and Yu-an Tan and Yuanzhang Li",
  title =        "{COVER}: Enhancing virtualization obfuscation through
                 dynamic scheduling using flash controller-based secure
                 module",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "146",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.104038",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 31 16:23:30 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404824003432",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "104038",
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Zhang:2024:IAB,
  author =       "Zongpu Zhang and Chenbo Xia and Cunming Liang and Jian
                 Li and Chen Yu and Tiwei Bie and Roberts Martin and
                 Daly Dan and Xiao Wang and Yong Liu and Haibing Guan",
  title =        "{Un-IOV}: Achieving Bare-Metal Level {I/O}
                 Virtualization Performance for Cloud Usage With
                 Migratability, Scalability and Transparency",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1655--1668",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2024.3375589",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 12 15:57:24 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Cloud computing; Hardware; I/O virtualization; Kernel;
                 live migration; Performance evaluation; SR-IOV;
                 Switches; Virtual machine monitors; Virtualization",
}

@Article{Zhao:2024:EML,
  author =       "Xiaotian Zhao and Ruge Xu and Yimin Gao and Vaibhav
                 Verma and Mircea R. Stan and Xinfei Guo",
  title =        "{Edge-MPQ}: Layer-Wise Mixed-Precision Quantization
                 With Tightly Integrated Versatile Inference Units for
                 Edge Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "2504--2519",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2024.3441860",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 13:00:14 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
  keywords =     "Accuracy; ASIP; Computer architecture; Edge inference;
                 Hardware; mixed-precision quantization; Pipelines; PTQ;
                 QAT; Quantization (signal); Training; Virtual machine
                 monitors",
}

@Article{Zheng:2024:MBA,
  author =       "Luxin Zheng and Jian Zhang and Xiangyi Wang and Faxin
                 Lin and Zheng Meng",
  title =        "Multimodal-based abnormal behavior detection method in
                 virtualization environment",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-SECUR,
  volume =       "143",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2024",
  CODEN =        "CPSEDU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103908",
  ISSN =         "0167-4048 (print), 1872-6208 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-4048",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 12 11:39:29 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computsecur2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404824002104",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "103908",
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Security",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01674048",
}

@Article{Torquato:2025:ETB,
  author =       "Matheus Torquato and Paulo Maciel and Marco Vieira",
  title =        "Evaluation of time-based virtual machine migration as
                 moving target defense against host-based attacks",
  journal =      j-J-SYST-SOFTW,
  volume =       "219",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2025",
  CODEN =        "JSSODM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.112222",
  ISSN =         "0164-1212 (print), 1873-1228 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1212",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 7 07:42:59 MST 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jsystsoftw2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121224002668",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "112222",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Systems and Software",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01641212",
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Cross-referenced entries must come last; entries are sorted by year,
%%% and then by citation label, with `bibsort --byyear':
@Proceedings{ACM:1975:PFS,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating
                 System Principles, November 19--21, 1975, The
                 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating
                 System Principles, November 19--21, 1975, The
                 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA}",
  volume =       "9(5)",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 09:00:42 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "I: Virtual memory algorithms II: Protection and
                 security III: Case studies IV: Network operating
                 systems V: Virtual machines VI: Correctness and
                 reliability VII: System design VIII: The Hydra
                 operating system IX: Processor scheduling X: Security
                 and protection XI: Memory measurement and modelling",
  descriptor =   "Betriebssystem, Hydra-Betriebssystem,
                 Netzwerk-Betriebssystem, Prozessorvergabe, Scheduling,
                 Speicher, Systementwurf, Virtuelle Maschine, Virtueller
                 Speicher",
  xxnote =       "Check editor??",
}

@Proceedings{Muhlbacher:1975:GIF,
  editor =       "J{\"o}rg M{\"u}hlbacher",
  booktitle =    "{GI} --- 5. [i.e. funfte] Jahrestagung: Dortmund,
                 8.--10. Oktober 1975",
  title =        "{GI} --- 5. [i.e. funfte] Jahrestagung: Dortmund,
                 8.--10. Oktober 1975",
  volume =       "34",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "x + 755",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISBN =         "0-387-07410-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-07410-8",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QA267.A1 L43 no.34",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 12 07:13:21 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gebhardt-friedrich.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "English or German.",
  series =       ser-LNCS,
  keywords =     "electronic data processing --- congresses; electronic
                 digital computers --- congresses; programming languages
                 (electronic computers) --- congresses",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:1981:ASC,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling
                 of Computer Systems, University of Nevada, Las Vegas,
                 Nevada, USA, September 14--16, 1981, Proceedings}",
  title =        "{ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling
                 of Computer Systems, University of Nevada, Las Vegas,
                 Nevada, USA, September 14--16, 1981, Proceedings}",
  volume =       "10(3)",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 11:59:38 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Performance Evaluation Review",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{Martin:1981:RFS,
  editor =       "Thea Martin",
  booktitle =    "{1981 Rochester FORTH Standards Conference, May
                 12--15, 1981}",
  title =        "{1981 Rochester FORTH Standards Conference, May
                 12--15, 1981}",
  publisher =    "The Institute for Applied Forth Research, Inc.",
  address =      "70 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14611, USA",
  pages =        "378",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.F24 R63 1981",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 08:08:04 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{STUG:1983:PUA,
  editor =       "{Software Tools Users Group}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings: USENIX Association [and] Software Tools
                 Users Group Summer Conference, Toronto 1983, July 1983,
                 Toronto, Ontario, Canada}",
  title =        "{Proceedings: USENIX Association [and] Software Tools
                 Users Group Summer Conference, Toronto 1983, July 1983,
                 Toronto, Ontario, Canada}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX-EL-CERRITO:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 443",
  year =         "1983",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.U65 U74 1983",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 26 08:42:38 1998",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/a/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Sponsored by USENIX Association in cooperation with
                 Software Tools Users Group.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "UNIX (computer operating system) --- congresses",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1984:DE,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Data Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Data Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 630",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-0533-2 (paperback), 0-8186-8533-6 (hard),
                 0-8186-4533-4 (microfiche)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-0533-8 (paperback), 978-0-8186-8533-0
                 (hard), 978-0-8186-4533-4 (microfiche)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.D3 I5582 1984",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 09:49:54 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Database management; Congresses; Computer
                 architecture",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1984:PSS,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 1984 Symposium on Security and
                 Privacy, April 29--May 2, 1984, Oakland, California}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 1984 Symposium on Security and
                 Privacy, April 29--May 2, 1984, Oakland, California}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 227",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-0532-4 (paperback), 0-8186-8532-8 (hard),
                 0-8186-4532-6 (microfiche)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-0532-1 (paperback), 978-0-8186-8532-3
                 (hard), 978-0-8186-4532-7 (microfiche)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A25 S95 1984",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 09:22:10 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "Symposium on Security and Privacy (1984: Oakland,
                 Calif.)",
  subject =      "Computers; Access control; Congresses; Data
                 protection; Privacy, Right of",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1985:CPA,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Conference proceedings: the 12th Annual International
                 Symposium on Computer Architecture, June 17--19, 1985,
                 Boston, Massachusetts}",
  title =        "{Conference proceedings: the 12th Annual International
                 Symposium on Computer Architecture, June 17--19, 1985,
                 Boston, Massachusetts}",
  volume =       "13(3)",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 428",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-0634-7, 0-8186-4634-9, 0-8186-8634-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-0634-2, 978-0-8186-4634-8,
                 978-0-8186-8634-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A73; QA76.9.A73 C65; QA76.9.A73 S97 1985;
                 QA76.9.A73 I56 1985",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 12:04:13 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "SIGARCH newsletter",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "International Symposium on Computer Architecture
                 (12th: 1985: Boston, Mass.)",
  remark =       "ACM order number 415850. IEEE catalog number
                 85CH2144-4. IEEE Computer Society order number 634.",
  subject =      "Computer architecture; Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{Jouannaud:1985:FPL,
  editor =       "Jean-Pierre Jouannaud",
  booktitle =    "{Functional programming languages and computer
                 architecture: Nancy, France, September 1985}",
  title =        "{Functional programming languages and computer
                 architecture: Nancy, France, September 1985}",
  volume =       "201",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 413",
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISBN =         "0-387-15975-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-15975-1 (paperback)",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QA267.A1 L43 no.201",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 12 07:14:49 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       ser-LNCS,
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t0201.htm;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0302-9743&volume=201",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "computer architecture --- congresses; functional
                 programming languages --- congresses",
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:1985:SCP,
  editor =       "{USENIX Association}",
  booktitle =    "{Summer conference proceedings, Portland 1985: June
                 11--14, 1985, Portland, Oregon, USA}",
  title =        "{Summer conference proceedings, Portland 1985: June
                 11--14, 1985, Portland, Oregon, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX-EL-CERRITO:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 612",
  year =         "1985",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.U65 U8 1985",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 18 07:46:09 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "UNIX (Computer operating system) --- Congresses.",
  remark =       "Spine title: USENIX Conference proceedings.",
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:1986:SCP,
  editor =       "{USENIX Association}",
  booktitle =    "{Summer conference proceedings, Atlanta 1986: June
                 9--13, 1986, Atlanta, Georgia, USA}",
  title =        "{Summer conference proceedings, Atlanta 1986: June
                 9--13, 1986, Atlanta, Georgia, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX-EL-CERRITO:adr,
  pages =        "x + 528",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 18 07:46:09 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Spine title: USENIX Conference proceedings.",
  keywords =     "UNIX (Computer operating system) --- Congresses.",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:1989:PSN,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings, Supercomputing '89: November 13--17,
                 1989, Reno, Nevada}",
  title =        "{Proceedings, Supercomputing '89: November 13--17,
                 1989, Reno, Nevada}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 849",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-341-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-341-6",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.5 S87 1989",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 28 06:48:31 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 University of California MELVYL catalog.",
  note =         "IEEE 89CH2802-7.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "89CM2802-7. ACM Order Number 415892. IEEE 89CH2802-7.
                 IEEE Computer Society Order Number 2021.",
  classification = "A0130C (Conference proceedings); A0270
                 (Computational techniques); A0500 (Statistical physics
                 and thermodynamics); A4700 (Fluid dynamics); B0100
                 (General electrical engineering topics); B0290
                 (Numerical analysis); B1130B (Computer-aided circuit
                 analysis and design); C4100 (Numerical analysis); C4240
                 (Programming and algorithm theory); C5440
                 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques); C5470
                 (Performance evaluation and testing); C6110B (Software
                 engineering techniques); C6150J (Operating systems);
                 C7000 (Computer applications)",
  keywords =     "benchmarking; computer applications; parallel
                 algorithms; parallel processing; performance
                 evaluation; performance measurements; performance
                 tools; pipeline processing; software environments;
                 supercomputer architectures; supercomputers ---
                 congresses; technology integration; vector algorithms",
}

@Proceedings{Shriver:1989:PTA,
  editor =       "B. D. Shriver",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii
                 International Conference on System Sciences. Vol.II:
                 Software Track, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, January 3--6,
                 1989}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii
                 International Conference on System Sciences. Vol.II:
                 Software Track, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, January 3--6,
                 1989}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 1106",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-1912-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-1912-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 29 06:28:50 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "IEEE catalog number 89TH0243-6.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  confsponsor =  "IEEE; Univ. Hawaii; PRIISM; ACM",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:1990:PAC,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 1990 ACM Conference on LISP and
                 Functional Programming: papers presented at the
                 conference, Nice, France, June 27--29, 1990}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 1990 ACM Conference on LISP and
                 Functional Programming: papers presented at the
                 conference, Nice, France, June 27--29, 1990}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 348",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-368-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-368-3",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.73 L23 A24 1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 16 07:21:40 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ACM order no. 552900.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
}

@Proceedings{Board:1990:TRA,
  editor =       "J. A. Board",
  booktitle =    "{Transputer Research and Applications 2. NATUG-2
                 Proceedings of the North American Transputer Users
                 Group, Durham, NC, USA, October 18--19, 1989}",
  title =        "{Transputer Research and Applications 2. NATUG-2
                 Proceedings of the North American Transputer Users
                 Group, Durham, NC, USA, October 18--19, 1989}",
  publisher =    pub-IOS,
  address =      pub-IOS:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 451",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 28 20:21:01 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1990:PIC,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings, 1990 IEEE Computer Society Symposium on
                 Research in Security and Privacy: May 7--9, 1990,
                 Oakland, California}",
  title =        "{Proceedings, 1990 IEEE Computer Society Symposium on
                 Research in Security and Privacy: May 7--9, 1990,
                 Oakland, California}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 401",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-2060-9, 0-8186-6060-0, 0-8186-9060-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-2060-7, 978-0-8186-6060-3,
                 978-0-8186-9060-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A25; QA76.9.A25 S95 1990eb; QA76.9.A25 I34
                 1990",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 09:18:28 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  note =         "IEEE Computer Society Order Number 2060. IEEE Catalog
                 Number 90CH2884-5.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "IEEE Computer Society Symposium on Research in
                 Security and Privacy (1990: Oakland, Calif.)",
  subject =      "Computers; Access control; Congresses; Data
                 protection; Privacy, Right of; Telecommunication;
                 Security measures",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1990:PSN,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings, Supercomputing '90: November 12--16,
                 1990, New York Hilton at Rockefeller Center, New York,
                 New York}",
  title =        "{Proceedings, Supercomputing '90: November 12--16,
                 1990, New York Hilton at Rockefeller Center, New York,
                 New York}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xxv + 982",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-2056-0 (paperback) (IEEE Computer Society),
                 0-89791-412-0 (paperback) (ACM)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-2056-0 (paperback) (IEEE Computer Society),
                 978-0-89791-412-3 (paperback) (ACM)",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.88 S87 1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 28 06:48:31 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 University of California MELVYL catalog",
  note =         "ACM order number 415903. IEEE Computer Society Press
                 order number 2056. IEEE catalog number 90CH2916-5.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques); C5470
                 (Performance evaluation and testing); C6110 (Systems
                 analysis and programming); C7000 (Computer
                 applications)",
  keywords =     "biological applications; computer applications;
                 computer chess; innovative architectures; linear
                 algebra algorithms; memory; networking computing;
                 parallel languages; parallel processing; particle
                 transport; partitioning; performance evaluation;
                 performance visualizations; pipeline processing;
                 program analysis; program restructuring; scheduling;
                 supercomputers --- congresses; vector algorithms",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1991:PIC,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings, 1991 IEEE Computer Society Symposium on
                 Research in Security and Privacy: May 20--22, 1991,
                 Oakland, California}",
  title =        "{Proceedings, 1991 IEEE Computer Society Symposium on
                 Research in Security and Privacy: May 20--22, 1991,
                 Oakland, California}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 389",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-9168-9, 0-8186-2168-0, 0-8186-6168-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-9168-3, 978-0-8186-2168-0,
                 978-0-8186-6168-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A25; QA76.9.A25 I34 1991; QA76.9.A25 S95
                 1991eb; QA76.9.A25 S95 1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 12:15:57 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  note =         "IEEE Catalog Number 91CH2986-8. IEEE Computer Society
                 Order Number 2168",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "IEEE Computer Society Symposium on Research in
                 Security and Privacy (1991: Oakland, Calif.)",
  subject =      "Computers; Access control; Congresses; Privacy, Right
                 of; Telecommunication; Security measures; Data
                 protection",
}

@Proceedings{Milutinovic:1991:PTA,
  editor =       "V. Milutinovic and B. D. Shriver",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Hawaii
                 International Conference on System Sciences}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Hawaii
                 International Conference on System Sciences}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-2119-2 (vol. 1), 0-8186-2120-6 (vol. 2),
                 0-8186-2010-2 (vol. 3), 0-8186-2122-2 (vol. 4)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-2119-2 (vol. 1), 978-0-8186-2120-8 (vol.
                 2), 978-0-8186-2010-2 (vol. 3), 978-0-8186-2122-2 (vol.
                 4)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.S88 H38 1991; QA76.9.S88; QA76.9.S88 H375 1991;
                 Internet; TA168 .H37a 1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 06:04:36 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Four volumes. IEEE catalog number 91TH0350-9.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  confdate =     "8--11 Jan. 1991",
  conflocation = "Kauai, HI, USA",
  confsponsor =  "IEEE; Univ. Hawaii; ACM; Pacific Res. Inst. Inf. Syst.
                 Manage",
  pagesf =       "xv + 717 (vol. 1), xiii + 605 (vol. 2), xiv + 827
                 (vol. 3), xi + 574 (vol. 4)",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
}

@Proceedings{Mylopoulos:1991:IPT,
  editor =       "John Mylopoulos and Ray Reiter",
  booktitle =    "{IJCAI-91: proceedings of the Twelfth International
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Darling Harbour,
                 Sydney, Australia, 24--30 August 1991}",
  title =        "{IJCAI-91: proceedings of the Twelfth International
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Darling Harbour,
                 Sydney, Australia, 24--30 August 1991}",
  publisher =    pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN,
  address =      pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN:adr,
  pages =        "xxiii + 1318",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "1-55860-160-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-55860-160-4",
  LCCN =         "Q334 .I57 1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 12:12:49 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  note =         "Two volumes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "International Joint Conference on Artificial
                 Intelligence (12th: 1991: Sydney, N.S.W.)",
  subject =      "Artificial intelligence; Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:1991:PUM,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the USENIX Mach Symposium: November
                 20--22, 1991, Monterey, California, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the USENIX Mach Symposium: November
                 20--22, 1991, Monterey, California, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "262",
  year =         "1991",
  LCCN =         "QAX 27",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 18 07:46:09 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Memory management (Computer science) --- Congresses;
                 Operating systems (Computers) --- Congresses.; UNIX
                 (Computer file) --- Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1992:PSM,
  editor =       "{IEEE Computer Society. Technical Committee on
                 Computer Architecture}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings, Supercomputing '92: Minneapolis,
                 Minnesota, November 16--20, 1992}",
  title =        "{Proceedings, Supercomputing '92: Minneapolis,
                 Minnesota, November 16--20, 1992}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 848",
  year =         "1992",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-2632-1 (case), 0-8186-2630-5 (paper),
                 0-8186-2631-3 (microfiche), 0-89791-537-2 (ACM Library
                 series)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-2632-6 (case), 978-0-8186-2630-2 (paper),
                 978-0-8186-2631-9 (microfiche), 978-0-89791-537-3 (ACM
                 Library series)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .S894 1992",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 28 06:48:31 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 University of California MELVYL catalog.",
  note =         "Cover title: Supercomputing '91. ACM order number
                 415922. IEEE Computer Society Press order number 2630
                 IEEE catalog number 92CH3216-9.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "artificial intelligence; biosciences; cache;
                 compiling; distributed computing; fluids; industrial
                 modeling; instruction-level optimization;
                 interconnections; massively parallel systems;
                 multiprocessing programs; multiprocessing systems;
                 numerical applications; parallel algorithms; parallel
                 programming; parallelizing transformations; particles;
                 performance evaluation; performance methodology;
                 register efficiency; scheduling; sparse matrix
                 algorithms; supercomputers --- congresses; symbolic
                 algorithms; waves",
}

@Proceedings{Anonymous:1993:NCS,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "{16th National Computer Security Conference: September
                 20--23, 1993, Baltimore Convention Center, Baltimore,
                 Maryland: proceedings: information systems security,
                 user choices}",
  title =        "{16th National Computer Security Conference: September
                 20--23, 1993, Baltimore Convention Center, Baltimore,
                 Maryland: proceedings: information systems security,
                 user choices}",
  publisher =    "National Institute of Standards and
                 Technology/National Computer Security Center",
  address =      "Gaithersburg, MD, USA",
  pages =        "xvii + 542",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 09:56:55 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "National Computer Security Conference (16th: 1993:
                 Baltimore Convention Center)",
  remark =       "Shipping list number 94-0118-M.",
  subject =      "Computer security; United States; Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{Grebe:1993:TAS,
  editor =       "R. Grebe and J. Hektor and S. C. Hilton and M. R. Jane
                 and P. H. Welch",
  booktitle =    "{Transputer applications and systems '93: proceedings
                 of the 1993 World Transputer Congress, 20--22 September
                 1993, Aachen, Germany}",
  title =        "{Transputer applications and systems '93: proceedings
                 of the 1993 World Transputer Congress, 20--22 September
                 1993, Aachen, Germany}",
  publisher =    pub-IOS,
  address =      pub-IOS:adr,
  pages =        "1317",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "90-5199-140-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-5199-140-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Apr 16 11:39:32 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  confdate =     "20--22 Sept. 1993",
  conflocation = "Aachen, Germany",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1993:PSI,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
                 Parallel and Distributed Information Systems, San
                 Diego, CA, USA, January 20--22, 1993}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
                 Parallel and Distributed Information Systems, San
                 Diego, CA, USA, January 20--22, 1993}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 272",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-3330-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-3330-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.58 .I54 1993",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 07 17:26:31 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "IEEE catalog number 93TH0493-7.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  confsponsor =  "IEEE; ACM",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1993:PSP,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  key =          "Supercomputing'93",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings, Supercomputing '93: Portland, Oregon,
                 November 15--19, 1993}",
  title =        "{Proceedings, Supercomputing '93: Portland, Oregon,
                 November 15--19, 1993}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 935",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-4340-4 (paperback), 0-8186-4341-2 (microfiche),
                 0-8186-4342-0 (hardback), 0-8186-4346-3 (CD-ROM)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-4340-8 (paperback), 978-0-8186-4341-5
                 (microfiche), 978-0-8186-4342-2 (hardback),
                 978-0-8186-4346-0 (CD-ROM)",
  ISSN =         "1063-9535",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .S96 1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 15 11:06:21 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "631.1; 722.1; 722.3; 722.4; 723.2; 921.6",
  keywords =     "Algorithms; Cache coherence; Clustered workstations;
                 Computer graphics; Computer networks; Computer
                 programming languages; Data parallel compilers; Data
                 partitioning; Distributed computer systems; Eigenvalues
                 and eigenfunctions; Finite element method; Flow
                 visualization; Fluid mechanics; Linear algebra; Mass
                 storage; Massively parallel processors; Natural
                 sciences computing; Parallel languages; Parallel
                 processing systems; Parallel rendering; Program
                 compilers; Quantum theory; Scheduling; Sparse matrices;
                 Supercomputers",
  sponsor =      "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers;
                 Computer Society. Association for Computing Machinery;
                 SIGARCH.",
}

@Proceedings{Thomas:1993:PIS,
  editor =       "I. Thomas",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 7th International Software Process
                 Workshop: communication and coordination in the
                 software process: October 15--18, 1991, Yountville,
                 California}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 7th International Software Process
                 Workshop: communication and coordination in the
                 software process: October 15--18, 1991, Yountville,
                 California}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 138",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-4050-2, 0-8186-4051-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-4050-6, 978-0-8186-4051-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.755 .I58 1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 09:34:17 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "International Software Process Workshop (7th: 1991:
                 Yountville, Calif.)",
  subject =      "Computer software; Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:1993:PUM,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the USENIX Mobile and
                 Location-Independent Computing Symposium: August 2--3,
                 1993, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the USENIX Mobile and
                 Location-Independent Computing Symposium: August 2--3,
                 1993, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "138",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "1-880446-51-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-880446-51-5",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.76 O63 U86 1993",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 22 08:33:21 2002",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/mobile93/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Spine title: Mobile and Location-Independent Computing
                 Symposium, Summer 1993.",
  keywords =     "Computer networks --- Congresses; Portable computers
                 --- Communication systems --- Congresses.; UNIX
                 (Computer file) --- Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{Horiguchi:1994:ISP,
  editor =       "S. Horiguchi and D. F. Hsu and M. Kimura",
  booktitle =    "{International Symposium on Parallel Architectures,
                 Algorithms, and Networks (ISPAN): proceedings of the
                 1994, December 14--16, 1994, Kanazawa, Japan}",
  title =        "{International Symposium on Parallel Architectures,
                 Algorithms, and Networks (ISPAN): proceedings of the
                 1994, December 14--16, 1994, Kanazawa, Japan}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 452",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-6507-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-6507-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.58 .I5673 1994",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 22 10:20:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "IEEE catalog no. 94TH0697-3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  confsponsor =  "Japan Advanced Inst. Sci. and Technol.; IEEE Comput.
                 Soc.; IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Comput.
                 Archit.; IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Parallel
                 Process.; IPSJ Tech. Committee on Algorithms; IPSJ
                 Tech. Committee on Comput. Archit.; IEICE Tech.
                 Committee on Comput. Syst",
  pubcountry =   "USA",
}

@Proceedings{Joubert:1994:PCT,
  editor =       "G. R. Joubert and F. J. Peters and D. Trystram and D.
                 J. Evans",
  booktitle =    "{Parallel computing: trends and applications:
                 proceedings of the international conference ParCo93,
                 Grenoble, France, 7--10 September 1993}",
  title =        "{Parallel computing: trends and applications:
                 proceedings of the international conference ParCo93,
                 Grenoble, France, 7--10 September 1993}",
  volume =       "9",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 728",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-444-81841-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-444-81841-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.58 .P3794 1993",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 22 10:19:23 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       "Advances in parallel computing",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  confsponsor =  "ARCHIPEL; CNRS; Elsevier Sci. Publishers; IMAG; INPG;
                 INRIA; et al",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  xxeditor =     "G. R. Joubert and D. Trystram and F. J. Peters and D.
                 J. Evans",
}

@Proceedings{Ostrand:1994:PIS,
  editor =       "Thomas Ostrand",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 1994 International Symposium on
                 Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA): August 17--19,
                 1994, Seattle, Washington, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 1994 International Symposium on
                 Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA): August 17--19,
                 1994, Seattle, Washington, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-683-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-683-7",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948",
  LCCN =         "QA76.76.T48 I58 1994",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 22 10:18:08 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       j-SIGSOFT,
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  issue =        "spec. issue. p. 216-227",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:1996:SCP,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "Supercomputing '96 Conference Proceedings: November
                 17--22, Pittsburgh, PA",
  title =        "Supercomputing '96 Conference Proceedings: November
                 17--22, Pittsburgh, {PA}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM # " and " # pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr # " and " # pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-854-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-854-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 23 12:30:13 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ACM Order Number: 415962, IEEE Computer Society Press
                 Order Number: RS00126.",
  URL =          "http://www.supercomp.org/sc96/proceedings/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1996:HCV,
  editor =       "IEEE",
  booktitle =    "Hot chips VIII: symposium record: Stanford University,
                 Stanford, California, August 18--20, 1996",
  title =        "Hot chips {VIII}: symposium record: Stanford
                 University, Stanford, California, August 18--20, 1996",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 6 19:21:13 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 OCLC Proceedings database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "hot chips",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1996:PFIa,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Symposium
                 on High Performance Distributed Computing, August 6--9,
                 1996, Syracuse, New York",
  title =        "Proceedings of the Fifth {IEEE} International
                 Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing,
                 August 6--9, 1996, Syracuse, New York",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 642",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-8186-7582-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8186-7582-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.88.I52 1996",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 16 15:50:00 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "IEEE order plan catalog number 96TB100069. EEE
                 Computer Society Press order number PR07582.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:1997:PTA,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {TRI-Ada'97} Conference, {November}
                 9--13, 1997, {St. Louis, MO}",
  title =        "Proceedings of the {TRI-Ada'97} Conference, {November}
                 9--13, 1997, {St. Louis, MO}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 312",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "0-89791-981-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89791-981-4",
  LCCN =         "QA 76.73 A35 T75 1997",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 29 17:03:04 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Theme title: Ada; the right choice for reliable
                 software. ACM order number: 825970.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  sponsor =      "Association for Computing Machinery; Special Interest
                 Group on Ada.",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1997:HCI,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "Hot Chips IX: Stanford University, Stanford,
                 California, August 24--26, 1997",
  title =        "Hot Chips {IX}: Stanford University, Stanford,
                 California, August 24--26, 1997",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 08 05:05:12 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:1998:AWJ,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "ACM 1998 Workshop on Java for High-Performance Network
                 Computing",
  title =        "{ACM} 1998 Workshop on Java for High-Performance
                 Network Computing",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "287",
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "CPEXEI",
  ISSN =         "1040-3108",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 27 10:40:59 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Also published as {\em Concurrency: Practice and
                 Experience}, {\bf 10}(11--13), September 1998, CODEN
                 CPEXEI, ISSN 1040-3108.",
  series =       j-CPE,
  URL =          "http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/conferences/java98/program.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxISBN =       "none",
  xxnote =       "Appears to be the same as \cite{Fox:1998:JHP}.",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:1999:PPA,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "POPL '99. Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT
                 on Principles of programming languages, January 20--22,
                 1999, San Antonio, TX",
  title =        "{POPL} '99. Proceedings of the 26th {ACM}
                 {SIGPLAN}-{SIGACT} on Principles of programming
                 languages, January 20--22, 1999, San Antonio, {TX}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 324",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "1-58113-095-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58113-095-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 03 18:41:35 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/plan/292540/index.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{Anonymous:1999:PII,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on
                 Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications
                 (IMSA). Nassau, Bahamas, October 1999",
  title =        "Proceedings of the {IASTED} International Conference
                 on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications
                 ({IMSA}). Nassau, Bahamas, October 1999",
  publisher =    "Acta Press",
  address =      "Anaheim, CA, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 10:38:48 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:1999:HCS,
  editor =       "IEEE",
  booktitle =    "Hot Chips 11: Stanford University, Stanford,
                 California, August 15--17, 1999",
  title =        "Hot Chips 11: Stanford University, Stanford,
                 California, August 15--17, 1999",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 08 05:26:43 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.hotchips.org/hotc11_index.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:1999:PFU,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the fifth USENIX Conference on
                 Object-Oriented Technologies and Systems (COOTS '99):
                 May 3--7, 1999, San Diego, California, USA",
  title =        "Proceedings of the fifth {USENIX} Conference on
                 Object-Oriented Technologies and Systems ({COOTS} '99):
                 May 3--7, 1999, San Diego, California, {USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "iv + 240",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "QA76.64 .U84 1999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 29 08:40:21 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/coots99/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2000:CPI,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Conference proceedings of the 2000 International
                 Conference on Supercomputing: Santa Fe, New Mexico, May
                 8--11, 2000}",
  title =        "{Conference proceedings of the 2000 International
                 Conference on Supercomputing: Santa Fe, New Mexico, May
                 8--11, 2000}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 347",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "1-58113-270-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58113-270-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.88 .I573 2000",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 10:04:24 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/supercomputing/335231",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Supercomputers; Congresses",
}

@Book{Boszormenyi:2000:SNW,
  editor =       "L{\'a}szl{\'o} B{\"o}sz{\"o}rm{\'e}nyi and Jurg
                 Gutknecht and Gustav Pomberger",
  booktitle =    "The School of {Niklaus Wirth}: The Art of Simplicity",
  title =        "The School of {Niklaus Wirth}: The Art of Simplicity",
  publisher =    pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN,
  address =      pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 260",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "1-55860-723-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-55860-723-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.756 .S36 2000",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 20 11:12:33 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  price =        "US\$39.95",
  URL =          "http://www.mkp.com/books_catalog/catalog.asp?ISBN=1-55860-723-4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:2000:PAL,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 4th Annual Linux Showcase and
                 Conference, Atlanta, October 10--14, 2000, Atlanta,
                 Georgia, USA",
  title =        "Proceedings of the 4th Annual Linux Showcase and
                 Conference, Atlanta, October 10--14, 2000, Atlanta,
                 Georgia, {USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "394",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "1-880446-17-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-880446-17-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 06:06:36 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/als2000/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:2000:PNU,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Ninth USENIX Security Symposium,
                 August 14--17, 2000, Denver, Colorado",
  title =        "Proceedings of the Ninth {USENIX} Security Symposium,
                 August 14--17, 2000, Denver, Colorado",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "275",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "1-880446-18-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-880446-18-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 16 06:36:41 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sec2000",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2001:ASS,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{ACM SIGPLAN--SIGSOFT workshop on Program analysis for
                 software tools and engineering: June 18--19, 2001,
                 Snowbird, Utah, USA: PASTE'01}",
  title =        "{ACM SIGPLAN--SIGSOFT workshop on Program analysis for
                 software tools and engineering: June 18--19, 2001,
                 Snowbird, Utah, USA: PASTE'01}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 104",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "1-58113-413-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58113-413-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.758",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 30 08:01:24 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/proceedings/series/paste/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "Supplement to ACM SIGPLAN Notices.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2001:PAJ,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the ACM 2001 Java Grande\slash ISCOPE
                 Conference: Palo Alto, Calif., June 2--4, 2001}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the ACM 2001 Java Grande\slash ISCOPE
                 Conference: Palo Alto, Calif., June 2--4, 2001}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 186",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "1-58113-359-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58113-359-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.O35 A26 2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 6 06:26:30 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Java (computer program language) -- congresses;
                 object-oriented methods (computer science) --
                 congresses",
}

@Proceedings{Anonymous:2001:PJV,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Java Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Symposium (JVM '01) April 23--24, 2001,
                 Monterey, California, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the Java Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Symposium (JVM '01) April 23--24, 2001,
                 Monterey, California, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "232",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "1-880446-11-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-880446-11-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:56 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "Java Virtual Machine Research and Technology
                 Symposium. 2001. Monterey, Calif.",
  subject =      "JVM",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:2001:EIW,
  editor =       "IEEE",
  booktitle =    "{Eighth IEEE Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating
                 Systems (HotOS-VIII). May 20--23, 2001, Schloss Elmau,
                 Germany}",
  title =        "{Eighth IEEE Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating
                 Systems (HotOS-VIII). May 20--23, 2001, Schloss Elmau,
                 Germany}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-1040-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7695-1040-8",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 08:55:24 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "IEEE catalog number PR01040.",
  price =        "US\$135.00",
  URL =          "http://computer.org/CSPRESS/CATALOG/pr01040.htm",
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:2001:PJV,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Java Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Sy[m]posium (JVM '01): April 23--24, 2001,
                 Monterey, California, USA. Berkeley, CA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the Java Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Sy[m]posium (JVM '01): April 23--24, 2001,
                 Monterey, California, USA. Berkeley, CA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "232",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "1-880446-11-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-880446-11-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.J38 J42 2001",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 12:35:06 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/jvm01/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:2001:PUA,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 2001 USENIX Annual Technical
                 Conference: June 25--30, 2001, Marriott Copley Place
                 Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
  title =        "Proceedings of the 2001 {USENIX} Annual Technical
                 Conference: June 25--30, 2001, Marriott Copley Place
                 Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts, {USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "346",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "1-880446-09-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-880446-09-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.8.U65 U84 2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 14 07:43:52 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix01/technical.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:2001:PUC,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on
                 Object-Oriented Technologies and Systems, January
                 29--February 2, 2001, San Antonio, Texas, USA",
  title =        "Proceedings of the 6th {USENIX} Conference on
                 Object-Oriented Technologies and Systems, January
                 29--February 2, 2001, San Antonio, Texas, {USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "202",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "1-880446-12-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-880446-12-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 18:08:16 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/coots01/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keyword =      "COOTS'01",
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:2001:UJV,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "{Usenix Java Virtual Machine Research and Technology
                 Symposium (JVM '01)}",
  title =        "{Usenix Java Virtual Machine Research and Technology
                 Symposium (JVM '01)}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:2002:WII,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{WWC-5: 2002 IEEE International Workshop on Workload
                 Characterization: November 25, 2002, Austin, Texas}",
  title =        "{WWC-5: 2002 IEEE International Workshop on Workload
                 Characterization: November 25, 2002, Austin, Texas}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 140",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-7803-7681-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7803-7681-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.S88; QA76.9.S88 W67 2002eb; Internet",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 10:16:21 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  note =         "IEEE Catalog Number 02EX633.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=8689",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Electronic digital computers; Workload; Congresses;
                 System design; Computer engineering; Computer networks;
                 Computer systems",
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:2002:PJV,
  editor =       "USENIX",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Java Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Symposium (JVM '02): August 1--2, 2002, San
                 Francisco, California, US}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the Java Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Symposium (JVM '02): August 1--2, 2002, San
                 Francisco, California, US}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "194",
  day =          "1--2",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "1-931971-01-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-931971-01-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73 .J38 J42 2002",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 15 12:35:06 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/javavm02/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  conflocation = "San Francisco, CA, USA",
  confyear =     "2002",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2003:ATA,
  editor =       "Allyn Romanow and Jeff Mogul",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on
                 Network-I/O Convergence: experience, Lessons,
                 Implications 2003, Karlsruhe, Germany, August 25--27,
                 2003}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on
                 Network-I/O Convergence: experience, Lessons,
                 Implications 2003, Karlsruhe, Germany, August 25--27,
                 2003}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "TK5105.5",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:04:48 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ACM order number 534032.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2003:SII,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "SC2003: Igniting Innovation. {Phoenix, AZ, November
                 15--21, 2003}",
  title =        "{SC2003}: Igniting Innovation. {Phoenix, AZ, November
                 15--21, 2003}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM # " and " # pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr # " and " # pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "1-58113-695-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58113-695-1",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 21 18:29:36 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2003:SPA,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{SOSP '03: proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on
                 Operating Systems Principles: the Sagamore, Bolton
                 Landing, Lake George, New York, USA, October 19--22,
                 2003}",
  title =        "{SOSP '03: proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on
                 Operating Systems Principles: the Sagamore, Bolton
                 Landing, Lake George, New York, USA, October 19--22,
                 2003}",
  volume =       "37(5)",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "x + 330",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "1-58113-757-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58113-757-6",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 30 07:45:41 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  note =         "ACM order number 534030.",
  series =       "Operating systems review",
  URL =          "ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/gutenberg/;
                 http://uclibs.org/PID/34720",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Operating systems (Computers); Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{Basin:2003:TPH,
  editor =       "David Basin and Burkhart Wolff",
  booktitle =    "{Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics: 16th
                 International Conference, TPHOLs 2003, Rome, Italy,
                 September 8--12, 2003: Proceedings}",
  title =        "{Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics: 16th
                 International Conference, TPHOLs 2003, Rome, Italy,
                 September 8--12, 2003: Proceedings}",
  volume =       "2758",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "x + 366",
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/b11828",
  ISBN =         "3-540-40664-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-40664-8",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A96",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 11 19:26:30 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  series =       ser-LNCS,
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2758.htm;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0302-9743&volume=2758;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=volume&id=doi:10.1007/b11828",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{Ertl:2003:IVM,
  editor =       "M. Anton Ertl",
  key =          "IVME '03",
  booktitle =    "{Interpreters, Virtual Machines and Emulators (IVME
                 '03)}",
  title =        "{Interpreters, Virtual Machines and Emulators (IVME
                 '03)}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "76",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "1-58311-655-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-58311-655-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/anton/ivme03/proceedings/ivme.ps.gz",
  url2 =         "http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=858570&type=proceeding",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:2003:IIW,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{2003 IEEE International Workshop on Workload
                 Characterization: WWC-6: October 27, 2003, Austin,
                 Texas}",
  title =        "{2003 IEEE International Workshop on Workload
                 Characterization: WWC-6: October 27, 2003, Austin,
                 Texas}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "iii + 130",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-7803-8229-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7803-8229-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.S88 W67 2003",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 17:05:44 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2004:PWA,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 11th workshop on ACM SIGOPS
                 European workshop: beyond the PC 2004, Leuven, Belgium,
                 September 19--22, 2004}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 11th workshop on ACM SIGOPS
                 European workshop: beyond the PC 2004, Leuven, Belgium,
                 September 19--22, 2004}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:29:05 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2004:SHP,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{SC 2004: High Performance Computing, Networking and
                 Storage: Bridging communities: Proceedings of the
                 IEEE\slash ACM Supercomputing 2004 Conference,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, November 6--12, 2004}",
  title =        "{SC 2004: High Performance Computing, Networking and
                 Storage: Bridging communities: Proceedings of the
                 IEEE\slash ACM Supercomputing 2004 Conference,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, November 6--12, 2004}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM # " and " # pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr # " and " # pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-2153-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7695-2153-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.88",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 08:08:01 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "IEEE order number E2153. ACM order number 415043.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{Anonymous:2004:PTV,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Third Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Symposium (VM '04): May 6--7, 2004, San
                 Jose, California, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the Third Virtual Machine Research and
                 Technology Symposium (VM '04): May 6--7, 2004, San
                 Jose, California, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "190",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "1-931971-20-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-931971-20-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 V565 2004",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 10 10:43:28 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "Conference proceedings / USENIX Association",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "Virtual Machine Research and Technology Symposium
                 (3rd: 2004: San Jose, Calif.)",
  remark =       "Sponsored by the USENIX Association in cooperation
                 with ACM SIGPLAN.",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:2004:FIA,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Fifth IEEE\slash ACM International Workshop on Grid
                 Computing: proceedings; 8 November 2004, Pittsburgh,
                 PA}",
  title =        "{Fifth IEEE\slash ACM International Workshop on Grid
                 Computing: proceedings; 8 November 2004, Pittsburgh,
                 PA}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 469",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-2256-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7695-2256-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C58; QA76.9.C58 I585 2004eb; Internet",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:21:36 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  note =         "IEEE Computer Society Order Number P2256.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9495",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "GRID (Conference) (2004: Pittsburgh, Pa.)",
  subject =      "Computational grids (Computer systems); Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2005:APS,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{AADEBUG 2005: proceedings of the Sixth International
                 Symposium on Automated and Analysis-Driven Debugging:
                 Monterey, California, USA, September 19--21, 2005}",
  title =        "{AADEBUG 2005: proceedings of the Sixth International
                 Symposium on Automated and Analysis-Driven Debugging:
                 Monterey, California, USA, September 19--21, 2005}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 164",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-050-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-050-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.D43 I58 2005",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:22:07 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "International Symposium on Automated and
                 Analysis-Driven Debugging (6th: 2005: Monterey, CA)",
  subject =      "Debugging in computer science; Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2005:MPI,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{MGC'05: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop
                 on Middleware for Grid Computing, Grenoble, France,
                 November 28--December 02, 2005}",
  title =        "{MGC'05: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop
                 on Middleware for Grid Computing, Grenoble, France,
                 November 28--December 02, 2005}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-269-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-269-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:52:46 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2005:PAI,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 2005 ACM\slash IEEE conference on
                 Supercomputing 2005, Seattle, WA, November 12--18
                 2005}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 2005 ACM\slash IEEE conference on
                 Supercomputing 2005, Seattle, WA, November 12--18
                 2005}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM # " and " # pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr # " and " # pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-061-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-061-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 27 08:08:01 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 http://www.sc05.supercomputing.org",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2005:PFA,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the First ACM\slash USENIX
                 International Conference on Virtual Execution
                 Environments: VEE '05: June 11--12, 2005, Chicago,
                 Illinois, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the First ACM\slash USENIX
                 International Conference on Virtual Execution
                 Environments: VEE '05: June 11--12, 2005, Chicago,
                 Illinois, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 208",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-047-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-047-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V5 I575 2005",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:31:34 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "ACM order number 548059.",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0611/2006530661.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "International Conference on Virtual Execution
                 Environments (1st: 2005: Chicago, IL)",
  subject =      "Virtual computer systems; Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:2005:PAC,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security
                 Applications Conference 2005, December 05--09, 2005,
                 Tucson, Arizona}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security
                 Applications Conference 2005, December 05--09, 2005,
                 Tucson, Arizona}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xxv + 510",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-2461-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7695-2461-0",
  ISSN =         "1063-9527",
  LCCN =         "L787.5",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:14:01 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "IEEE Computer Society Order Number P2461.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{Shih:2005:ICA,
  editor =       "Timothy K. Shih and Yoshitaka Shibata",
  booktitle =    "{19th International Conference on Advanced Information
                 Networking and Applications: proceedings, AINA 2005,
                 28--30 March, 2005, Taipei, Taiwan}",
  title =        "{19th International Conference on Advanced Information
                 Networking and Applications: proceedings, AINA 2005,
                 28--30 March, 2005, Taipei, Taiwan}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-2249-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7695-2249-4 (paperback)",
  ISSN =         "1550-445X",
  LCCN =         "TK5105.5 .I5616 2005",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:28:40 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "IEEE Computer Society Order Number P2249.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=9746",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "International Conference on Advanced Information
                 Networking and Applications (19th: 2005: Taipei,
                 Taiwan)",
  subject =      "Computer networks; Congresses; Information networks",
}

@Proceedings{Vrable:2005:SPA,
  editor =       "Michael Daniel Vrable",
  booktitle =    "{SOSP '05: proceedings of the 20th ACM Symposium on
                 Operating Systems Principles: October 23--26, 2005,
                 Brighton, United Kingdom}",
  title =        "{SOSP '05: proceedings of the 20th ACM Symposium on
                 Operating Systems Principles: October 23--26, 2005,
                 Brighton, United Kingdom}",
  volume =       "39, no. 5 (Dec. 2005)",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 291",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-079-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-079-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .S9196 2005; QA76.6; QA76.6 .S9196 2005eb;
                 Internet",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:49:06 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (20th: 2005:
                 Brighton, England)",
  remark =       "ACM order number 534050. II. Scalability, fidelity,
                 and containment in the Potemkin virtual honeyfarm /
                 Michael Vrable.",
  subject =      "Operating systems (Computers); Congresses",
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2006:AAI,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Annual ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference,
                 Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference on Design
                 Automation, San Francisco, CA, USA}",
  title =        "{Annual ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference,
                 Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference on Design
                 Automation, San Francisco, CA, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-381-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-381-2",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:07:21 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2006:PCC,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Computing
                 Frontiers, May 3--5, 2006, Ischia, Italy}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Computing
                 Frontiers, May 3--5, 2006, Ischia, Italy}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-302-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-302-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 20 06:45:04 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ACM order number 104060.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2006:PIW,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on
                 Wireless network testbeds, experimental evaluation and
                 characterization 2006, Los Angeles, CA, USA, September
                 29, 2006}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on
                 Wireless network testbeds, experimental evaluation and
                 characterization 2006, Los Angeles, CA, USA, September
                 29, 2006}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-540-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-540-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:39:09 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2006:PPI,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{PACT'06: Proceedings of the 15th International
                 Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation
                 Techniques 2006, Seattle, Washington, USA, September
                 16--20, 2006}",
  title =        "{PACT'06: Proceedings of the 15th International
                 Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation
                 Techniques 2006, Seattle, Washington, USA, September
                 16--20, 2006}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-264-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-264-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:04:43 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2006:PST,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 37th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on
                 Computer Science Education 2006, Houston, Texas, USA,
                 March 03--05, 2006}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 37th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on
                 Computer Science Education 2006, Houston, Texas, USA,
                 March 03--05, 2006}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 587",
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.27",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:15:41 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  note =         "ACM order number 457060.",
  series =       j-SIGCSE,
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{ACM:2006:VPS,
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "{VEE 2006: proceedings of the Second International
                 Conference on Virtual Execution Environments, June
                 14-16, 2006, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada}",
  title =        "{VEE 2006: proceedings of the Second International
                 Conference on Virtual Execution Environments, June
                 14-16, 2006, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 186",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-332-6 (??invalid ISBN??)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-332-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.V4",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:44:27 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "ACM/USENIX International Conference on Virtual
                 Execution Environments 2 2006 Ottawa",
}

@Proceedings{Anonymous:2006:PGI,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of Gelato ICE: Itanium Conference and
                 Expo: Spotlighting Linux on Itanium-based Platforms,
                 October 1-4, 2006, Biopolis, Singapore}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of Gelato ICE: Itanium Conference and
                 Expo: Spotlighting Linux on Itanium-based Platforms,
                 October 1-4, 2006, Biopolis, Singapore}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 18:23:38 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ice.gelato.org/;
                 http://www.ice.gelato.org/about/oct06_presentations.php",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:2006:PIC,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the International conference on
                 Networking and Services 2006, July 16--18, 2006}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the International conference on
                 Networking and Services 2006, July 16--18, 2006}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-2622-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7695-2622-5",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 14:18:22 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{IEEE:2006:PIS,
  editor =       "{IEEE}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on
                 High-Performance Computing in an Advanced Collaborative
                 Environment (HPCS'06), St. John's, Newfoundland, May
                 14--17, 2006}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on
                 High-Performance Computing in an Advanced Collaborative
                 Environment (HPCS'06), St. John's, Newfoundland, May
                 14--17, 2006}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-2582-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7695-2582-2",
  ISSN =         "1550-5243",
  LCCN =         "QA76.88",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 13:58:07 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  note =         "ACM product number E2582.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{Min:2006:FHP,
  editor =       "Geyong Min and others",
  booktitle =    "{Frontiers of high performance computing and
                 networking: ISPA 2006 workshops: ISPA 2006
                 international workshops, FHPCN, XHPC, S-GRACE, GridGIS,
                 HPC-GTP, PDCE, ParDMCom, WOMP, ISDF, and UPWN,
                 Sorrento, Italy, December 4-7, 2006: proceedings}",
  title =        "{Frontiers of high performance computing and
                 networking: ISPA 2006 workshops: ISPA 2006
                 international workshops, FHPCN, XHPC, S-GRACE, GridGIS,
                 HPC-GTP, PDCE, ParDMCom, WOMP, ISDF, and UPWN,
                 Sorrento, Italy, December 4-7, 2006: proceedings}",
  volume =       "4331",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xxxvii + 1141",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "3-540-49860-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-49860-5 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.58 .I88 2006a; QA76.88 .F76 2006",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 13 11:21:54 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Lecture notes in computer science, 0302-9743",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0825/2006937143-d.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "ISPA 2006 (2006 : Sorrento, Italy)",
  remark =       "Revised papers presented at the 10 workshops held in
                 conjunction with the 4th International Symposium on
                 Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications
                 (ISPA 2006)\\
                 International Workshop on Frontiers of High-Performance
                 Computing and Networking (FHPCN 2006) \\
                 International Workshop on XEN in HPC Cluster and Grid
                 Computing Environments (XHPC 2006) \\
                 International Workshop on Semantic GRid Applications in
                 Computing and Engineering (S-GRACE 2006) \\
                 International Workshop on Fertilization of Grid
                 Computing and Geographic Information Systems (GridGIS
                 2006) \\
                 International Workshop on High-Performance Computing in
                 Genomic Proteomics and Transcriptomics (HPC-GTP 2006)
                 \\
                 International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed
                 Computing in Engineering (PDCE 2006) \\
                 International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed
                 Multimedia Computing (ParDMCom 2006) \\
                 International Workshop on Middleware Performance (WOMP
                 2006) \\
                 International Workshop on Information Security and
                 Digital Forensics (ISDF 2006) \\
                 International Workshop on Ubiquitous Processing for
                 Wireless Networks (UPWN 2006)",
  subject =      "Parallel processing (Electronic computers);
                 Congresses; Electronic data processing; Distributed
                 processing; High performance computing; Computational
                 grids (Computer systems)",
}

@Proceedings{Turner:2006:SIS,
  editor =       "Stephen John Turner and Bu Sung Lee and Wientong Cai",
  booktitle =    "{Sixth International Symposium on Cluster Computing
                 and the Grid CCGrid 06: 16--19 May, 2006, Singapore}",
  title =        "{Sixth International Symposium on Cluster Computing
                 and the Grid CCGrid 06: 16--19 May, 2006, Singapore}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "xxiii + 662",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-7695-2585-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7695-2585-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.C58",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 14 15:36:24 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "IEEE Computer Society Order Number P2585.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{USENIX:2006:PUA,
  editor =       "{USENIX}",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the 2006 USENIX Annual Technical
                 Conference: May 30--June 3, 2006, Boston, MA, USA}",
  title =        "{Proceedings of the 2006 USENIX Annual Technical
                 Conference: May 30--June 3, 2006, Boston, MA, USA}",
  publisher =    pub-USENIX,
  address =      pub-USENIX:adr,
  pages =        "386 (est.)",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "1-931971-44-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-931971-44-7",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 18 11:37:53 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{Anonymous:2010:NDS,
  editor =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "{17th Annual Network and Distributed System Symposium,
                 NDSS '10, The Dana on Misson Bay, San Diego,
                 California. February 28--March 3, 2010}",
  title =        "{17th Annual Network and Distributed System Symposium,
                 NDSS '10, The Dana on Misson Bay, San Diego,
                 California. February 28--March 3, 2010}",
  publisher =    "Internet Society",
  address =      "Reston, VA, USA",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "1-891562-29-0, 1-891562-30-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-891562-29-7, 978-1-891562-30-3",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 13 09:39:28 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ndss/10/proceedings.shtml",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Proceedings{Lathrop:2011:SPI,
  editor =       "Scott Lathrop and Jim Costa and William Kramer",
  booktitle =    "{SC'11: Proceedings of 2011 International Conference
                 for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and
                 Analysis, Seattle, WA, November 12--18 2011}",
  title =        "{SC'11: Proceedings of 2011 International Conference
                 for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and
                 Analysis, Seattle, WA, November 12--18 2011}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM # " and " # pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr # " and " # pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "1-4503-0771-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4503-0771-0",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 16 11:11:35 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/supercomputing2011.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxeditor =     "{ACM}",
}

@Book{Dhillon:2018:BEA,
  author =       "Vikram Dhillon and David Metcalf and Max Hooper",
  booktitle =    "Blockchain enabled applications: understand the
                 blockchain ecosystem and how to make it work for you",
  title =        "Blockchain enabled applications: understand the
                 blockchain ecosystem and how to make it work for you",
  publisher =    pub-APRESS,
  address =      pub-APRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 218 + 103",
  year =         "2018",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3081-7",
  ISBN =         "1-4842-3080-9 (print), 1-4842-3081-7 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4842-3080-0 (print), 978-1-4842-3081-7
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.D32",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 24 12:32:42 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4842-3081-7",
  abstract =     "Work with blockchain and understand its potential
                 application beyond cryptocurrencies in the domains of
                 healthcare, Internet of Things, finance, decentralized
                 organizations, and open science. Featuring case studies
                 and practical insights generated from a start-up spun
                 off from the authors own lab, this book covers a unique
                 mix of topics not found in others and offers insight
                 into how to overcome real hurdles that arise as the
                 market and consumers grow accustomed to blockchain
                 based start-ups. You'll start with a review of the
                 historical origins of blockchain and explore the basic
                 cryptography needed to make the blockchain work for
                 Bitcoin. You will then learn about the technical
                 advancements made in the surrounded ecosystem: the
                 Ethereum virtual machine, Solidity, Colored Coins, the
                 Hyperledger Project, Blockchain-as-a-service offered
                 through IBM, Microsoft and more. This book looks at the
                 consequences of machine-to-machine transactions using
                 the blockchain socially, technologically, economically
                 and politically. \booktitle{Blockchain Enabled
                 Applications} provides you with a clear perspective of
                 the ecosystem that has developed around the blockchain
                 and the various industries it has penetrated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Blockchains (Databases); COMPUTERS / Databases /
                 General.; Blockchains (Databases)",
  tableofcontents = "1. Behold the Dreamers \\
                 2. The Gold Rush \\
                 3. Blocks in a Chain \\
                 4. Ether in the Air \\
                 5. Decentralized Organizations \\
                 6. The DAO Hacked \\
                 7. Ethereum Tokens: High Performance Computing \\
                 8. Blockchain in Science \\
                 9. Blockchain in Healthcare \\
                 10. The Hyperledger Project \\
                 11. Recent Developments in Blockchain \\
                 12. Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital \\
                 Appendix. Building a Healthcare Consortium",
}