@Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty"}
@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
University of Utah,
Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
155 S 1400 E RM 233,
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
\path|beebe@acm.org|,
\path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}
@String{j-TOPS = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security
(TOPS)"}
@Article{Eberz:2016:LLE,
author = "Simon Eberz and Kasper B. Rasmussen and Vincent
Lenders and Ivan Martinovic",
title = "Looks Like {Eve}: Exposing Insider Threats Using Eye
Movement Biometrics",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = aug,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2904018",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:38 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "We introduce a novel biometric based on distinctive
eye movement patterns. The biometric consists of 20
features that allow us to reliably distinguish users
based on differences in these patterns. We leverage
this distinguishing power along with the ability to
gauge the users' task familiarity, that is, level of
knowledge, to address insider threats. In a controlled
experiment, we test how both time and task familiarity
influence eye movements and feature stability, and how
different subsets of features affect the classifier
performance. These feature subsets can be used to
tailor the eye movement biometric to different
authentication methods and threat models. Our results
show that eye movement biometrics support reliable and
stable continuous authentication of users. We
investigate different approaches in which an attacker
could attempt to use inside knowledge to mimic the
legitimate user. Our results show that while this
advance knowledge is measurable, it does not increase
the likelihood of successful impersonation. In order to
determine the time stability of our features, we repeat
the experiment twice within 2 weeks. The results
indicate that we can reliably authenticate users over
the entire period. We show that lower sampling rates
provided by low-cost hardware pose a challenge, but
that reliable authentication is possible even at the
rate of 50Hz commonly available with consumer-level
devices. In a second set of experiments, we evaluate
how our authentication system performs across a variety
of real-world tasks, including reading, writing, and
web browsing. We discuss the advantages and limitations
of our approach in detail and give practical insights
on the use of this biometric in a real-world
environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Mitropoulos:2016:HTY,
author = "Dimitris Mitropoulos and Konstantinos Stroggylos and
Diomidis Spinellis and Angelos D. Keromytis",
title = "How to Train Your Browser: Preventing {XSS} Attacks
Using Contextual Script Fingerprints",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = aug,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2939374",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:38 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is one of the most common
web application vulnerabilities. It is therefore
sometimes referred to as the ``buffer overflow of the
web.'' Drawing a parallel from the current state of
practice in preventing unauthorized native code
execution (the typical goal in a code injection), we
propose a script whitelisting approach to tame
JavaScript-driven XSS attacks. Our scheme involves a
transparent script interception layer placed in the
browser's JavaScript engine. This layer is designed to
detect every script that reaches the browser, from
every possible route, and compare it to a list of valid
scripts for the site or page being accessed; scripts
not on the list are prevented from executing. To avoid
the false positives caused by minor syntactic changes
(e.g., due to dynamic code generation), our layer uses
the concept of contextual fingerprints when comparing
scripts. Contextual fingerprints are identifiers that
represent specific elements of a script and its
execution context. Fingerprints can be easily enriched
with new elements, if needed, to enhance the proposed
method's robustness. The list can be populated by the
website's administrators or a trusted third party. To
verify our approach, we have developed a prototype and
tested it successfully against an extensive array of
attacks that were performed on more than 50 real-world
vulnerable web applications. We measured the browsing
performance overhead of the proposed solution on eight
websites that make heavy use of JavaScript. Our
mechanism imposed an average overhead of 11.1\% on the
execution time of the JavaScript engine. When measured
as part of a full browsing session, and for all tested
websites, the overhead introduced by our layer was less
than 0.05\%. When script elements are altered or new
scripts are added on the server side, a new fingerprint
generation phase is required. To examine the temporal
aspect of contextual fingerprints, we performed a
short-term and a long-term experiment based on the same
websites. The former, showed that in a short period of
time (10 days), for seven of eight websites, the
majority of valid fingerprints stay the same (more than
92\% on average). The latter, though, indicated that,
in the long run, the number of fingerprints that do not
change is reduced. Both experiments can be seen as one
of the first attempts to study the feasibility of a
whitelisting approach for the web.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Aonghusa:2016:DLG,
author = "P{\'o}l Mac Aonghusa and Douglas J. Leith",
title = "Don't Let {Google} Know {I}'m Lonely",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = aug,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2937754",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:38 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "From buying books to finding the perfect partner, we
share our most intimate wants and needs with our
favourite online systems. But how far should we accept
promises of privacy in the face of personalized
profiling? In particular, we ask how we can improve
detection of sensitive topic profiling by online
systems. We propose a definition of privacy disclosure
that we call $ \epsilon $-indistinguishability, from
which we construct scalable, practical tools to assess
the learning potential from personalized content. We
demonstrate our results using openly available
resources, detecting a learning rate in excess of 98\%
for a range of sensitive topics during our
experiments.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Rahbarinia:2016:EAB,
author = "Babak Rahbarinia and Roberto Perdisci and Manos
Antonakakis",
title = "Efficient and Accurate Behavior-Based Tracking of
Malware-Control Domains in Large {ISP} Networks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = sep,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2960409",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we propose Segugio, a novel defense
system that allows for efficiently tracking the
occurrence of new malware-control domain names in very
large ISP networks. Segugio passively monitors the DNS
traffic to build a machine-domain bipartite graph
representing who is querying what. After labeling nodes
in this query behavior graph that are known to be
either benign or malware-related, we propose a novel
approach to accurately detect previously unknown
malware-control domains. We implemented a
proof-of-concept version of Segugio and deployed it in
large ISP networks that serve millions of users. Our
experimental results show that Segugio can track the
occurrence of new malware-control domains with up to
94\% true positives (TPs) at less than 0.1\% false
positives (FPs). In addition, we provide the following
results: (1) we show that Segugio can also detect
control domains related to new, previously unseen
malware families, with 85\% TPs at 0.1\% FPs; (2)
Segugio's detection models learned on traffic from a
given ISP network can be deployed into a different ISP
network and still achieve very high detection accuracy;
(3) new malware-control domains can be detected days or
even weeks before they appear in a large commercial
domain-name blacklist; (4) Segugio can be used to
detect previously unknown malware-infected machines in
ISP networks; and (5) we show that Segugio clearly
outperforms domain-reputation systems based on Belief
Propagation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Dong:2016:DRC,
author = "Zheng Dong and Kevin Kane and L. Jean Camp",
title = "Detection of Rogue Certificates from Trusted
Certificate Authorities Using Deep Neural Networks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = sep,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2975591",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Rogue certificates are valid certificates issued by a
legitimate certificate authority (CA) that are
nonetheless untrustworthy; yet trusted by web browsers
and users. With the current public key infrastructure,
there exists a window of vulnerability between the time
a rogue certificate is issued and when it is detected.
Rogue certificates from recent compromises have been
trusted for as long as weeks before detection and
revocation. Previous proposals to close this window of
vulnerability require changes in the infrastructure,
Internet protocols, or end user experience. We present
a method for detecting rogue certificates from trusted
CAs developed from a large and timely collection of
certificates. This method automates classification by
building machine-learning models with Deep Neural
Networks (DNN). Despite the scarcity of rogue instances
in the dataset, DNN produced a classification method
that is proven both in simulation and in the July 2014
compromise of the India CCA. We report the details of
the classification method and illustrate that it is
repeatable, such as with datasets obtained from
crawling. We describe the classification performance
under our current research deployment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Garay:2016:MPA,
author = "Juan A. Garay and Vladimir Kolesnikov and Rae
Mclellan",
title = "{MAC} Precomputation with Applications to Secure
Memory",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "2",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = sep,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2943780",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "We present Shallow MAC (ShMAC), a fixed-input-length
message authentication code that performs most of the
computation prior to the availability of the message.
Specifically, ShMAC's message-dependent computation is
much faster and smaller in hardware than the evaluation
of a pseudorandom permutation (PRP) and can be
implemented by a small shallow circuit, while its
precomputation consists of one PRP evaluation. A main
building block for ShMAC is the notion of strong
differential uniformity (SDU), which we introduce and
which may be of independent interest. We show an
efficient SDU construction built from previously
considered differentially uniform functions. Our main
motivating application is a system architecture where a
hardware-secured processor uses memory controlled by an
adversary. We also present in technical detail a novel,
efficient approach to encrypting and authenticating
memory and discuss the associated tradeoffs, while
paying special attention to minimizing hardware costs
and the reduction of Dynamic Random Access Memory
latency.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Ozalp:2016:PPP,
author = "Ismet Ozalp and Mehmet Emre Gursoy and Mehmet Ercan
Nergiz and Yucel Saygin",
title = "Privacy-Preserving Publishing of Hierarchical Data",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = dec,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2976738",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Many applications today rely on storage and management
of semi-structured information, for example, XML
databases and document-oriented databases. These data
often have to be shared with untrusted third parties,
which makes individuals' privacy a fundamental problem.
In this article, we propose anonymization techniques
for privacy-preserving publishing of hierarchical data.
We show that the problem of anonymizing hierarchical
data poses unique challenges that cannot be readily
solved by existing mechanisms. We extend two standards
for privacy protection in tabular data ( k -anonymity
and l-diversity) and apply them to hierarchical data.
We present utility-aware algorithms that enforce these
definitions of privacy using generalizations and
suppressions of data values. To evaluate our algorithms
and their heuristics, we experiment on synthetic and
real datasets obtained from two universities. Our
experiments show that we significantly outperform
related methods that provide comparable privacy
guarantees.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Crampton:2016:WSP,
author = "Jason Crampton and Andrei Gagarin and Gregory Gutin
and Mark Jones and Magnus Wahlstr{\"o}m",
title = "On the Workflow Satisfiability Problem with
Class-Independent Constraints for Hierarchical
Organizations",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = dec,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2988239",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "A workflow specification defines a set of steps, a set
of users, and an access control policy. The policy
determines which steps a user is authorized to perform
and imposes constraints on which sets of users can
perform which sets of steps. The workflow
satisfiability problem (WSP) is the problem of
determining whether there exists an assignment of users
to workflow steps that satisfies the policy. Given the
computational hardness of WSP and its importance in the
context of workflow management systems, it is important
to develop algorithms that are as efficient as possible
to solve WSP. In this article, we study the
fixed-parameter tractability of WSP in the presence of
class-independent constraints, which enable us to (1)
model security requirements based on the groups to
which users belong and (2) generalize the notion of a
user-independent constraint. Class-independent
constraints are defined in terms of equivalence
relations over the set of users. We consider sets of
nested equivalence relations because this enables us to
model security requirements in hierarchical
organizations. We prove that WSP is fixed-parameter
tractable (FPT) for class-independent constraints
defined over nested equivalence relations and develop
an FPT algorithm to solve WSP instances incorporating
such constraints. We perform experiments to evaluate
the performance of our algorithm and compare it with
that of SAT4J, an off-the-shelf pseudo-Boolean SAT
solver. The results of these experiments demonstrate
that our algorithm significantly outperforms SAT4J for
many instances of WSP.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Gutierrez:2016:IDO,
author = "Christopher N. Gutierrez and Mohammed H. Almeshekah
and Eugene H. Spafford and Mikhail J. Atallah and Jeff
Avery",
title = "Inhibiting and Detecting Offline Password Cracking
Using {ErsatzPasswords}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "3",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = dec,
year = "2016",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2996457",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "In this work, we present a simple, yet effective and
practical scheme to improve the security of stored
password hashes, increasing the difficulty to crack
passwords and exposing cracking attempts. We utilize a
hardware-dependent function (HDF), such as a physically
unclonable function (PUF) or a hardware security module
(HSM), at the authentication server to inhibit offline
password discovery. Additionally, a deception mechanism
is incorporated to alert administrators of cracking
attempts. Using an HDF to generate password hashes
hinders attackers from recovering the true passwords
without constant access to the HDF. Our scheme can
integrate with legacy systems without needing
additional servers, changing the structure of the
hashed password file, nor modifying client machines.
When using our scheme, the structure of the hashed
passwords file, e.g., etc/shadow or etc/master.passwd,
will appear no different than traditional hashed
password files.$^1$ However, when attackers exfiltrate
the hashed password file and attempt to crack it, the
passwords they will receive are ErsatzPasswords-``fake
passwords.'' The ErsatzPasswords scheme is flexible by
design, enabling it to be integrated into existing
authentication systems without changes to user
experience. The proposed scheme is integrated into the
pam\_unix module as well as two client/server
authentication schemes: Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol (LDAP) authentication and the Pythia
pseudorandom function (PRF) Service [Everspaugh et al.
2015]. The core library to support ErsatzPasswords
written in C and Python consists of 255 and 103 lines
of code, respectively. The integration of
ErsatzPasswords into each explored authentication
system required less than 100 lines of additional code.
Experimental evaluation of ErsatzPasswords shows an
increase in authentication latency on the order of
100ms, which maybe acceptable for real world systems.
We also describe a framework for implementing
ErsatzPasswords using a Trusted Platform Module
(TPM).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Meutzner:2017:TIA,
author = "Hendrik Meutzner and Santosh Gupta and Viet-Hung
Nguyen and Thorsten Holz and Dorothea Kolossa",
title = "Toward Improved Audio {CAPTCHAs} Based on Auditory
Perception and Language Understanding",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = feb,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/2856820",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "A so-called completely automated public Turing test to
tell computers and humans apart (CAPTCHA) represents a
challenge-response test that is widely used on the
Internet to distinguish human users from fraudulent
computer programs, often referred to as bots. To enable
access for visually impaired users, most Web sites
utilize audio CAPTCHAs in addition to a conventional
image-based scheme. Recent research has shown that most
currently available audio CAPTCHAs are insecure, as
they can be broken by means of machine learning at
relatively low costs. Moreover, most audio CAPTCHAs
suffer from low human success rates that arise from
severe signal distortions. This article proposes two
different audio CAPTCHA schemes that systematically
exploit differences between humans and computers in
terms of auditory perception and language
understanding, yielding a better trade-off between
usability and security as compared to currently
available schemes. Furthermore, we provide an elaborate
analysis of Google's prominent reCAPTCHA that serves as
a baseline setting when evaluating our proposed CAPTCHA
designs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Shokri:2017:PGA,
author = "Reza Shokri and George Theodorakopoulos and Carmela
Troncoso",
title = "Privacy Games Along Location Traces: a Game-Theoretic
Framework for Optimizing Location Privacy",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = feb,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3009908",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "The mainstream approach to protecting the privacy of
mobile users in location-based services (LBSs) is to
alter (e.g., perturb, hide, and so on) the users'
actual locations in order to reduce exposed sensitive
information. In order to be effective, a
location-privacy preserving mechanism must consider
both the privacy and utility requirements of each user,
as well as the user's overall exposed locations (which
contribute to the adversary's background knowledge). In
this article, we propose a methodology that enables the
design of optimal user-centric location obfuscation
mechanisms respecting each individual user's service
quality requirements, while maximizing the expected
error that the optimal adversary incurs in
reconstructing the user's actual trace. A key advantage
of a user-centric mechanism is that it does not depend
on third-party proxies or anonymizers; thus, it can be
directly integrated in the mobile devices that users
employ to access LBSs. Our methodology is based on the
mutual optimization of user/adversary objectives
(maximizing location privacy versus minimizing
localization error) formalized as a Stackelberg
Bayesian game. This formalization makes our solution
robust against any location inference attack, that is,
the adversary cannot decrease the user's privacy by
designing a better inference algorithm as long as the
obfuscation mechanism is designed according to our
privacy games. We develop two linear programs that
solve the location privacy game and output the optimal
obfuscation strategy and its corresponding optimal
inference attack. These linear programs are used to
design location privacy--preserving mechanisms that
consider the correlation between past, current, and
future locations of the user, thus can be tuned to
protect different privacy objectives along the user's
location trace. We illustrate the efficacy of the
optimal location privacy--preserving mechanisms
obtained with our approach against real location
traces, showing their performance in protecting users'
different location privacy objectives.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Argyros:2017:EPG,
author = "George Argyros and Theofilos Petsios and Suphannee
Sivakorn and Angelos D. Keromytis and Jason Polakis",
title = "Evaluating the Privacy Guarantees of Location
Proximity Services",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = feb,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007209",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:39 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Location-based services have become an integral part
of everyday life. To address the privacy issues that
emerge from the use and sharing of location
information, social networks and smartphone
applications have adopted location proximity schemes as
a means of balancing user privacy with utility.
Unfortunately, despite the extensive academic
literature on this topic, the schemes that large
service providers have adopted are not always designed
or implemented correctly, rendering users vulnerable to
location-disclosure attacks. Such attacks have recently
received major publicity as, in some cases, they even
exposed citizens of oppressive regimes to
life-threatening risks. In this article, we
systematically assess the defenses that popular
location-based services and mobile applications deploy
to guard against adversaries seeking to identify a
user's location. We provide the theoretical foundations
for formalizing the privacy guarantees of currently
adopted proximity models, design practical attacks for
each case, and prove tight bounds on the number of
queries required for carrying out successful attacks in
practice. To evaluate the completeness of our approach,
we conduct extensive experiments against popular
services including Facebook, Foursquare, and Grindr.
Our results demonstrate that, even though the
aforementioned services implement various
privacy-preserving techniques to protect their users,
they are still vulnerable to attacks. In particular, we
are able to pinpoint Facebook users within 5m of their
exact location. For Foursquare and Grindr, users are
pinpointed within 15m of their location in 90\% of the
cases, even with the strictest privacy settings
enabled. Our attacks are highly efficient and complete
within a few seconds. The severity of our findings was
acknowledged by Facebook and Foursquare, both of which
have followed our recommendations and adopted our
design of a safe proximity scheme in their production
systems. As the number of mobile applications offering
location functionality will continue to increase,
service providers and software developers must be able
to assess the privacy guarantees that their services
offer. To that end, we discuss viable defenses that can
be currently adopted by all major services, and provide
an open-source testing framework to be used by
researchers and service providers who wish to evaluate
the privacy-preserving properties of applications
offering proximity functionality.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Matsumoto:2017:ACG,
author = "Stephanos Matsumoto and Raphael M. Reischuk and Pawel
Szalachowski and Tiffany Hyun-Jin Kim and Adrian
Perrig",
title = "Authentication Challenges in a Global Environment",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = feb,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3007208",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:40 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we address the problem of scaling
authentication for naming, routing, and end-entity (EE)
certification to a global environment in which
authentication policies and users' sets of trust roots
vary widely. The current mechanisms for authenticating
names (DNSSEC), routes (BGPSEC), and EE certificates
(TLS) do not support a coexistence of authentication
policies, affect the entire Internet when compromised,
cannot update trust root information efficiently, and
do not provide users with the ability to make flexible
trust decisions. We propose the Scalable Authentication
Infrastructure for Next-generation Trust (SAINT), which
partitions the Internet into groups with common, local
trust roots and isolates the effects of a compromised
trust root. SAINT requires groups with direct routing
connections to cross-sign each other for authentication
purposes, allowing diverse authentication policies
while keeping all entities' authentication information
globally discoverable. SAINT makes trust root
management a central part of the network architecture,
enabling trust root updates within seconds and allowing
users to make flexible trust decisions. SAINT operates
without a significant performance penalty and can be
deployed alongside existing infrastructures.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Wagner:2017:ESG,
author = "Isabel Wagner",
title = "Evaluating the Strength of Genomic Privacy Metrics",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = feb,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3020003",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:40 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "The genome is a unique identifier for human
individuals. The genome also contains highly sensitive
information, creating a high potential for misuse of
genomic data (for example, genetic discrimination). In
this article, we investigate how genomic privacy can be
measured in scenarios where an adversary aims to infer
a person's genomic markers by constructing probability
distributions on the values of genetic variations. We
measured the strength of privacy metrics by requiring
that metrics are monotonic with increasing adversary
strength and uncovered serious problems with several
existing metrics currently used to measure genomic
privacy. We provide suggestions on metric selection,
interpretation, and visualization and illustrate the
work flow using case studies for three real-world
diseases.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Humbert:2017:QIR,
author = "Mathias Humbert and Erman Ayday and Jean-Pierre Hubaux
and Amalio Telenti",
title = "Quantifying Interdependent Risks in Genomic Privacy",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = feb,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3035538",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:40 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "The rapid progress in human-genome sequencing is
leading to a high availability of genomic data. These
data is notoriously very sensitive and stable in time,
and highly correlated among relatives. In this article,
we study the implications of these familial
correlations on kin genomic privacy. We formalize the
problem and detail efficient reconstruction attacks
based on graphical models and belief propagation. With
our approach, an attacker can infer the genomes of the
relatives of an individual whose genome or phenotype
are observed by notably relying on Mendel's Laws,
statistical relationships between the genomic variants,
and between the genome and the phenotype. We evaluate
the effect of these dependencies on privacy with
respect to the amount of observed variants and the
relatives sharing them. We also study how the
algorithmic performance evolves when we take these
various relationships into account. Furthermore, to
quantify the level of genomic privacy as a result of
the proposed inference attack, we discuss possible
definitions of genomic privacy metrics, and compare
their values and evolution. Genomic data reveals
Mendelian disorders and the likelihood of developing
severe diseases, such as Alzheimer's. We also introduce
the quantification of health privacy, specifically, the
measure of how well the predisposition to a disease is
concealed from an attacker. We evaluate our approach on
actual genomic data from a pedigree and show the threat
extent by combining data gathered from a genome-sharing
website as well as an online social network.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Osterweil:2017:IAI,
author = "Leon J. Osterweil and Matt Bishop and Heather M.
Conboy and Huong Phan and Borislava I. Simidchieva and
George S. Avrunin and Lori A. Clarke and Sean Peisert",
title = "Iterative Analysis to Improve Key Properties of
Critical Human-Intensive Processes: an Election
Security Example",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "2",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = mar,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3041041",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 3 09:09:40 MDT 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we present an approach for
systematically improving complex processes, especially
those involving human agents, hardware devices, and
software systems. We illustrate the utility of this
approach by applying it to part of an election process
and show how it can improve the security and
correctness of that subprocess. We use the Little-JIL
process definition language to create a precise and
detailed definition of the process. Given this process
definition, we use two forms of automated analysis to
explore whether specified key properties, such as
security and safety policies, can be undermined. First,
we use model checking to identify process execution
sequences that fail to conform to event-sequence
properties. After these are addressed, we apply fault
tree analysis to identify when the misperformance of
steps might allow undesirable outcomes, such as
security breaches. The results of these analyses can
provide assurance about the process; suggest areas for
improvement; and, when applied to a modified process
definition, evaluate proposed changes.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Noorman:2017:SLC,
author = "Job Noorman and Jo {Van Bulck} and Jan Tobias
M{\"u}hlberg and Frank Piessens and Pieter Maene and
Bart Preneel and Ingrid Verbauwhede and Johannes
G{\"o}tzfried and Tilo M{\"u}ller and Felix Freiling",
title = "{Sancus 2.0}: a Low-Cost Security Architecture for
{IoT} Devices",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = aug,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3079763",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "The Sancus security architecture for networked
embedded devices was proposed in 2013 at the USENIX
Security conference. It supports remote (even
third-party) software installation on devices while
maintaining strong security guarantees. More
specifically, Sancus can remotely attest to a software
provider that a specific software module is running
uncompromised and can provide a secure communication
channel between software modules and software
providers. Software modules can securely maintain local
state and can securely interact with other software
modules that they choose to trust. Over the past three
years, significant experience has been gained with
applications of Sancus, and several extensions of the
architecture have been investigated-both by the
original designers as well as by independent
researchers. Informed by these additional research
results, this journal version of the Sancus paper
describes an improved design and implementation,
supporting additional security guarantees (such as
confidential deployment) and a more efficient
cryptographic core. We describe the design of Sancus
2.0 (without relying on any prior knowledge of Sancus)
and develop and evaluate a prototype FPGA
implementation. The prototype extends an MSP430
processor with hardware support for the memory access
control and cryptographic functionality required to run
Sancus. We report on our experience using Sancus in a
variety of application scenarios and discuss some
important avenues of ongoing and future work.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Brandenburger:2017:DTC,
author = "Marcus Brandenburger and Christian Cachin and Nikola
Knezevi{\'c}",
title = "Don't Trust the Cloud, Verify: Integrity and
Consistency for Cloud Object Stores",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = aug,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3079762",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Cloud services have turned remote computation into a
commodity and enable convenient online collaboration.
However, they require that clients fully trust the
service provider in terms of confidentiality,
integrity, and availability. Toward reducing this
dependency, this article introduces VICOS, a protocol
for verification of integrity and consistency for cloud
object storage that enables a group of mutually
trusting clients to detect data integrity and
consistency violations for a cloud object storage
service. It aims at services where multiple clients
cooperate on data stored remotely on a potentially
misbehaving service. VICOS enforces the consistency
notion of fork-linearizability, supports wait-free
client semantics for most operations, and reduces the
computation and communication overhead compared to
previous protocols. VICOS is based on a generic
authenticated data structure. Moreover, its operations
cover the hierarchical name space of a cloud object
store, supporting a real-world interface and not only a
simplistic abstraction. A prototype of VICOS that works
with the key-value store interface of commodity cloud
storage services has been implemented, and an
evaluation demonstrates its advantage compared to
existing systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Toreini:2017:TRP,
author = "Ehsan Toreini and Siamak F. Shahandashti and Feng
Hao",
title = "Texture to the Rescue: Practical Paper Fingerprinting
Based on Texture Patterns",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = aug,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3092816",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "In this article, we propose a novel paper
fingerprinting technique based on analyzing the
translucent patterns revealed when a light source
shines through the paper. These patterns represent the
inherent texture of paper, formed by the random
interleaving of wooden particles during the
manufacturing process. We show that these patterns can
be easily captured by a commodity camera and condensed
into a compact 2,048-bit fingerprint code. Prominent
works in this area (Nature 2005, IEEE S8P 2009, CCS
2011) have all focused on fingerprinting paper based on
the paper ``surface.'' We are motivated by the
observation that capturing the surface alone misses
important distinctive features such as the noneven
thickness, random distribution of impurities, and
different materials in the paper with varying
opacities. Through experiments, we demonstrate that the
embedded paper texture provides a more reliable source
for fingerprinting than features on the surface. Based
on the collected datasets, we achieve 0\% false
rejection and 0\% false acceptance rates. We further
report that our extracted fingerprints contain 807
degrees of freedom (DoF), which is much higher than the
249 DoF with iris codes (that have the same size of
2,048 bits). The high amount of DoF for texture-based
fingerprints makes our method extremely scalable for
recognition among very large databases; it also allows
secure usage of the extracted fingerprint in
privacy-preserving authentication schemes based on
error correction techniques.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Munoz-Gonzalez:2017:EAG,
author = "Luis Mu{\~n}oz-Gonz{\'a}lez and Daniele Sgandurra and
Andrea Paudice and Emil C. Lupu",
title = "Efficient Attack Graph Analysis through Approximate
Inference",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = aug,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3105760",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Attack graphs provide compact representations of the
attack paths an attacker can follow to compromise
network resources from the analysis of network
vulnerabilities and topology. These representations are
a powerful tool for security risk assessment. Bayesian
inference on attack graphs enables the estimation of
the risk of compromise to the system's components given
their vulnerabilities and interconnections and accounts
for multi-step attacks spreading through the system.
While static analysis considers the risk posture at
rest, dynamic analysis also accounts for evidence of
compromise, for example, from Security Information and
Event Management software or forensic investigation.
However, in this context, exact Bayesian inference
techniques do not scale well. In this article, we show
how Loopy Belief Propagation-an approximate inference
technique-can be applied to attack graphs and that it
scales linearly in the number of nodes for both static
and dynamic analysis, making such analyses viable for
larger networks. We experiment with different
topologies and network clustering on synthetic Bayesian
attack graphs with thousands of nodes to show that the
algorithm's accuracy is acceptable and that it
converges to a stable solution. We compare sequential
and parallel versions of Loopy Belief Propagation with
exact inference techniques for both static and dynamic
analysis, showing the advantages and gains of
approximate inference techniques when scaling to larger
attack graphs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Reaves:2017:MBM,
author = "Bradley Reaves and Jasmine Bowers and Nolen Scaife and
Adam Bates and Arnav Bhartiya and Patrick Traynor and
Kevin R. B. Butler",
title = "Mo(bile) Money, Mo(bile) Problems: Analysis of
Branchless Banking Applications",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = aug,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3092368",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Mobile money, also known as branchless banking,
leverages ubiquitous cellular networks to bring
much-needed financial services to the unbanked in the
developing world. These services are often deployed as
smartphone apps, and although marketed as secure, these
applications are often not regulated as strictly as
traditional banks, leaving doubt about the truth of
such claims. In this article, we evaluate these claims
and perform the first in-depth measurement analysis of
branchless banking applications. We first perform an
automated analysis of all 46 known Android mobile money
apps across the 246 known mobile money providers from
2015. We then perform a comprehensive manual teardown
of the registration, login, and transaction procedures
of a diverse 15\% of these apps. We uncover pervasive
vulnerabilities spanning botched certification
validation, do-it-yourself cryptography, and other
forms of information leakage that allow an attacker to
impersonate legitimate users, modify transactions, and
steal financial records. These findings show that the
majority of these apps fail to provide the protections
needed by financial services. In an expanded
re-evaluation one year later, we find that these
systems have only marginally improved their security.
Additionally, we document our experiences working in
this sector for future researchers and provide
recommendations to improve the security of this
critical ecosystem. Finally, through inspection of
providers' terms of service, we also discover that
liability for these problems unfairly rests on the
shoulders of the customer, threatening to erode trust
in branchless banking and hinder efforts for global
financial inclusion.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Shu:2017:LSP,
author = "Xiaokui Shu and Danfeng (Daphne) Yao and Naren
Ramakrishnan and Trent Jaeger",
title = "Long-Span Program Behavior Modeling and Attack
Detection",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = oct,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3105761",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Intertwined developments between program attacks and
defenses witness the evolution of program anomaly
detection methods. Emerging categories of program
attacks, e.g., non-control data attacks and
data-oriented programming, are able to comply with
normal trace patterns at local views. This article
points out the deficiency of existing program anomaly
detection models against new attacks and presents
long-span behavior anomaly detection (LAD), a model
based on mildly context-sensitive grammar verification.
The key feature of LAD is its reasoning of correlations
among arbitrary events that occurred in long program
traces. It extends existing correlation analysis
between events at a stack snapshot, e.g., paired call
and ret, to correlation analysis among events that
historically occurred during the execution. The
proposed method leverages specialized machine learning
techniques to probe normal program behavior boundaries
in vast high-dimensional detection space. Its two-stage
modeling/detection design analyzes event correlation at
both binary and quantitative levels. Our prototype
successfully detects all reproduced real-world attacks
against sshd, libpcre, and sendmail. The detection
procedure incurs 0.1 ms to 1.3 ms overhead to profile
and analyze a single behavior instance that consists of
tens of thousands of function call or system call
events.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Ikram:2017:MCD,
author = "Muhammad Ikram and Lucky Onwuzurike and Shehroze
Farooqi and Emiliano {De Cristofaro} and Arik Friedman
and Guillaume Jourjon and Mohammed Ali Kaafar and M.
Zubair Shafiq",
title = "Measuring, Characterizing, and Detecting {Facebook}
Like Farms",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = oct,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3121134",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "Online social networks offer convenient ways to reach
out to large audiences. In particular, Facebook pages
are increasingly used by businesses, brands, and
organizations to connect with multitudes of users
worldwide. As the number of likes of a page has become
a de-facto measure of its popularity and profitability,
an underground market of services artificially
inflating page likes (``like farms '') has emerged
alongside Facebook's official targeted advertising
platform. Nonetheless, besides a few media reports,
there is little work that systematically analyzes
Facebook pages' promotion methods. Aiming to fill this
gap, we present a honeypot-based comparative
measurement study of page likes garnered via Facebook
advertising and from popular like farms. First, we
analyze likes based on demographic, temporal, and
social characteristics and find that some farms seem to
be operated by bots and do not really try to hide the
nature of their operations, while others follow a
stealthier approach, mimicking regular users' behavior.
Next, we look at fraud detection algorithms currently
deployed by Facebook and show that they do not work
well to detect stealthy farms that spread likes over
longer timespans and like popular pages to mimic
regular users. To overcome their limitations, we
investigate the feasibility of timeline-based detection
of like farm accounts, focusing on characterizing
content generated by Facebook accounts on their
timelines as an indicator of genuine versus fake social
activity. We analyze a wide range of features extracted
from timeline posts, which we group into two main
categories: lexical and non-lexical. We find that like
farm accounts tend to re-share content more often, use
fewer words and poorer vocabulary, and more often
generate duplicate comments and likes compared to
normal users. Using relevant lexical and non-lexical
features, we build a classifier to detect like farms
accounts that achieves a precision higher than 99\% and
a 93\% recall.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Polyakov:2017:FPR,
author = "Yuriy Polyakov and Kurt Rohloff and Gyana Sahu and
Vinod Vaikuntanathan",
title = "Fast Proxy Re-Encryption for Publish\slash Subscribe
Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = oct,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3128607",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "We develop two IND-CPA-secure multihop unidirectional
Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE) schemes by applying the
Ring-LWE (RLWE) key switching approach from the
homomorphic encryption literature. Unidirectional PRE
is ideal for secure publish-subscribe operations where
a publisher encrypts information using a public key
without knowing upfront who the subscriber will be and
what private key will be used for decryption. The
proposed PRE schemes provide a multihop capability,
meaning that when PRE-encrypted information is
published onto a PRE-enabled server, the server can
either delegate access to specific clients or enable
other servers the right to delegate access. Our first
scheme (which we call NTRU-ABD-PRE) is based on a
variant of the NTRU-RLWE homomorphic encryption scheme.
Our second and main PRE scheme (which we call BV-PRE)
is built on top of the Brakerski-Vaikuntanathan (BV)
homomorphic encryption scheme and relies solely on the
RLWE assumption. We present an open-source C++
implementation of both schemes and discuss several
algorithmic and software optimizations. We examine
parameter selection tradeoffs in the context of
security, runtime/latency, throughput, ciphertext
expansion, memory usage, and multihop capabilities. Our
experimental analysis demonstrates that BV-PRE
outperforms NTRU-ABD-PRE in both single-hop and
multihop settings. The BV-PRE scheme has a lower time
and space complexity than existing IND-CPA-secure
lattice-based PRE schemes and requires small concrete
parameters, making the scheme computationally efficient
for use on low-resource embedded systems while still
providing 100 bits of security. We present practical
recommendations for applying the PRE schemes to several
use cases of ad hoc information sharing for
publish-subscribe operations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Rullo:2017:POS,
author = "Antonino Rullo and Daniele Midi and Edoardo Serra and
Elisa Bertino",
title = "{Pareto} Optimal Security Resource Allocation for
{Internet of Things}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = oct,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139293",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "In many Internet of Thing (IoT) application domains
security is a critical requirement, because malicious
parties can undermine the effectiveness of IoT-based
systems by compromising single components and/or
communication channels. Thus, a security infrastructure
is needed to ensure the proper functioning of such
systems even under attack. However, it is also critical
that security be at a reasonable resource and energy
cost. In this article, we focus on the problem of
efficiently and effectively securing IoT networks by
carefully allocating security resources in the network
area. In particular, given a set of security resources
R and a set of attacks to be faced A, our method
chooses the subset of R that best addresses the attacks
in A, and the set of locations where to place them,
that ensure the security coverage of all IoT devices at
minimum cost and energy consumption. We model our
problem according to game theory and provide a
Pareto-optimal solution in which the cost of the
security infrastructure, its energy consumption, and
the probability of a successful attack are minimized.
Our experimental evaluation shows that our technique
improves the system robustness in terms of packet
delivery rate for different network topologies.
Furthermore, we also provide a method for handling the
computation of the resource allocation plan for
large-scale networks scenarios, where the optimization
problem may require an unreasonable amount of time to
be solved. We show how our proposed method drastically
reduces the computing time, while providing a
reasonable approximation of the optimal solution.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Su:2017:DPM,
author = "Dong Su and Jianneng Cao and Ninghui Li and Elisa
Bertino and Min Lyu and Hongxia Jin",
title = "Differentially Private {$K$}-Means Clustering and a
Hybrid Approach to Private Optimization",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "20",
number = "4",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = oct,
year = "2017",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3133201",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Dec 23 09:59:06 MST 2017",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
abstract = "k -means clustering is a widely used clustering
analysis technique in machine learning. In this
article, we study the problem of differentially private
k -means clustering. Several state-of-the-art methods
follow the single-workload approach, which adapts an
existing machine-learning algorithm by making each step
private. However, most of them do not have satisfactory
empirical performance. In this work, we develop
techniques to analyze the empirical error behaviors of
one of the state-of-the-art single-workload approaches,
DPLloyd, which is a differentially private version of
the Lloyd algorithm for k {$>$}-means clustering. Based
on the analysis, we propose an improvement of DPLloyd.
We also propose a new algorithm for k -means clustering
from the perspective of the noninteractive approach,
which publishes a synopsis of the input dataset and
then runs k -means on synthetic data generated from the
synopsis. We denote this approach by EUGkM. After
analyzing the empirical error behaviors of EUGkM, we
further propose a hybrid approach that combines our
DPLloyd improvement and EUGkM. Results from extensive
and systematic experiments support our analysis and
demonstrate the effectiveness of the DPLloyd
improvement, EUGkM, and the hybrid approach.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Abdou:2018:SLV,
author = "Abdelrahman Abdou and P. C. {Van Oorschot}",
title = "Server Location Verification {(SLV)} and Server
Location Pinning: Augmenting {TLS} Authentication",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139294",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3139294",
abstract = "We introduce the first known mechanism providing
realtime server location verification. Its uses include
enhancing server authentication by enabling browsers to
automatically interpret server location information. We
describe the design of this new measurement-based
technique, Server Location Verification (SLV), and
evaluate it using PlanetLab. We explain how SLV is
compatible with the increasing trends of geographically
distributed content dissemination over the Internet,
without causing any new interoperability conflicts.
Additionally, we introduce the notion of (verifiable)
server location pinning (conceptually similar to
certificate pinning) to support SLV, and evaluate their
combined impact using a server-authentication
evaluation framework. The results affirm the addition
of new security benefits to the existing TLS-based
authentication mechanisms. We implement SLV through a
location verification service, the simplest version of
which requires no server-side changes. We also
implement a simple browser extension that interacts
seamlessly with the verification infrastructure to
obtain realtime server location-verification results.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Shi:2018:HAV,
author = "Hao Shi and Jelena Mirkovic and Abdulla Alwabel",
title = "Handling Anti-Virtual Machine Techniques in Malicious
Software",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3139292",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/virtual-machines.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3139292",
abstract = "Malware analysis relies heavily on the use of virtual
machines (VMs) for functionality and safety. There are
subtle differences in operation between virtual and
physical machines. Contemporary malware checks for
these differences and changes its behavior when it
detects a VM presence. These anti-VM techniques hinder
malware analysis. Existing research approaches to
uncover differences between VMs and physical machines
use randomized testing, and thus cannot guarantee
completeness. In this article, we propose a
detect-and-hide approach, which systematically
addresses anti-VM techniques in malware. First, we
propose cardinal pill testing -a modification of red
pill testing that aims to enumerate the differences
between a given VM and a physical machine through
carefully designed tests. Cardinal pill testing finds
five times more pills by running 15 times fewer tests
than red pill testing. We examine the causes of pills
and find that, while the majority of them stem from the
failure of VMs to follow CPU specifications, a small
number stem from under-specification of certain
instructions by the Intel manual. This leads to
divergent implementations in different CPU and VM
architectures. Cardinal pill testing successfully
enumerates the differences that stem from the first
cause. Finally, we propose VM Cloak -a WinDbg plug-in
which hides the presence of VMs from malware. VM Cloak
monitors each execute malware command, detects
potential pills, and at runtime modifies the command's
outcomes to match those that a physical machine would
generate. We implemented VM Cloak and verified that it
successfully hides VM presence from malware.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Gong:2018:AIA,
author = "Neil Zhenqiang Gong and Bin Liu",
title = "Attribute Inference Attacks in Online Social
Networks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3154793",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3154793",
abstract = "We propose new privacy attacks to infer attributes
(e.g., locations, occupations, and interests) of online
social network users. Our attacks leverage seemingly
innocent user information that is publicly available in
online social networks to infer missing attributes of
targeted users. Given the increasing availability of
(seemingly innocent) user information online, our
results have serious implications for Internet
privacy-private attributes can be inferred from users'
publicly available data unless we take steps to protect
users from such inference attacks. To infer attributes
of a targeted user, existing inference attacks leverage
either the user's publicly available social friends or
the user's behavioral records (e.g., the web pages that
the user has liked on Facebook, the apps that the user
has reviewed on Google Play), but not both. As we will
show, such inference attacks achieve limited success
rates. However, the problem becomes qualitatively
different if we consider both social friends and
behavioral records. To address this challenge, we
develop a novel model to integrate social friends and
behavioral records, and design new attacks based on our
model. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate
the effectiveness of our attacks. For instance, we
observe that, in a real-world large-scale dataset with
1.1 million users, our attack can correctly infer the
cities a user lived in for 57\% of the users; via
confidence estimation, we are able to increase the
attack success rate to over 90\% if the attacker
selectively attacks half of the users. Moreover, we
show that our attack can correctly infer attributes for
significantly more users than previous attacks.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Botacin:2018:EBM,
author = "Marcus Botacin and Paulo L{\'\i}cio {De Geus} and
Andr{\'e} Gr{\'e}gio",
title = "Enhancing Branch Monitoring for Security Purposes:
From Control Flow Integrity to Malware Analysis and
Debugging",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3152162",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3152162",
abstract = "Malware and code-reuse attacks are the most
significant threats to current systems operation.
Solutions developed to countermeasure them have their
weaknesses exploited by attackers through sandbox
evasion and antidebug crafting. To address such
weaknesses, we propose a framework that relies on the
modern processors' branch monitor feature to allow us
to analyze malware while reducing evasion effects. The
use of hardware assistance aids in increasing
stealthiness, a key feature for debuggers, as modern
software (malicious or benign) may be antianalysis
armored. We achieve stealthier code execution control
by using the branch monitor hardware's inherent
interrupt capabilities, keeping the code under
execution intact. Previous works on branch monitoring
have already addressed the ROP attack problem but
require code injection and/or are limited in their
capture window size. Therefore, we also propose a ROP
detector without these limitations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Bhattacharya:2018:UPC,
author = "Sarani Bhattacharya and Debdeep Mukhopadhyay",
title = "Utilizing Performance Counters for Compromising Public
Key Ciphers",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3156015",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3156015",
abstract = "Hardware performance counters (HPCs) are useful
artifacts for evaluating the performance of software
implementations. Recently, HPCs have been made more
convenient to use without requiring explicit kernel
patches or superuser privileges. However, in this
article, we highlight that the information revealed by
HPCs can be also exploited to attack standard
implementations of public key algorithms. In
particular, we analyze the vulnerability due to the
event branch miss leaked via the HPCs during execution
of the target ciphers. We present an iterative attack
that targets the key bits of 1,024-bit RSA and 256-bit
ECC, whereas in the offline phase, the system's
underlying branch predictor is approximated by a
theoretical predictor in the literature. Subsimulations
are performed corresponding to each bit guess to
classify the message space into distinct partitions
based on the event branch misprediction and the target
key bit value. In the online phase, branch
mispredictions obtained from the hardware performance
monitors on the target system reveal the secret key
bits. We also theoretically prove that the probability
of success of the attack is equivalent to the accurate
modeling of the theoretical predictor to the underlying
system predictor. In addition, we propose an improved
version of the attack that requires fewer branch
misprediction traces from the HPCs to recover the
secret. Experimentations using both attack strategies
have been provided on Intel Core 2 Duo, Core i3, and
Core i5 platforms for 1,024-bit implementation of RSA
and 256-bit scalar multiplication over the secp 256 r 1
curve followed by results on the effect of change of
parameters on the success rate. The attack can
successfully reveal the exponent bits and thus seeks
attention to model secure branch predictors such that
it inherently prevents information leakage.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Zhang:2018:ISP,
author = "Yihua Zhang and Marina Blanton and Ghada Almashaqbeh",
title = "Implementing Support for Pointers to Private Data in a
General-Purpose Secure Multi-Party Compiler",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = feb,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3154600",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3154600",
abstract = "Recent compilers allow a general-purpose program
(written in a conventional programming language) that
handles private data to be translated into a secure
distributed implementation of the corresponding
functionality. The resulting program is then guaranteed
to provably protect private data using secure
multi-party computation techniques. The goals of such
compilers are generality, usability, and efficiency,
but the complete set of features of a modern
programming language has not been supported to date by
the existing compilers. In particular, recent compilers
PICCO and the two-party ANSI C compiler strive to
translate any C program into its secure multi-party
implementation, but they currently lack support for
pointers and dynamic memory allocation, which are
important components of many C programs. In this work,
we mitigate the limitation and add support for pointers
to private data and consequently dynamic memory
allocation to the PICCO compiler, enabling it to handle
a more diverse set of programs over private data.
Because doing so opens up a new design space, we
investigate the use of pointers to private data (with
known as well as private locations stored in them) in
programs and report our findings. Aside from dynamic
memory allocation, we examine other important topics
associated with common pointer use such as reference by
pointer/address, casting, and building various data
structures in the context of secure multi-party
computation. This results in enabling the compiler to
automatically translate a user program that uses
pointers to private data into its distributed
implementation that provably protects private data
throughout the computation. We empirically evaluate the
constructions and report on the performance of
representative programs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Pinkas:2018:SPS,
author = "Benny Pinkas and Thomas Schneider and Michael Zohner",
title = "Scalable Private Set Intersection Based on {OT}
Extension",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = feb,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3154794",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3154794",
abstract = "Private set intersection (PSI) allows two parties to
compute the intersection of their sets without
revealing any information about items that are not in
the intersection. It is one of the best studied
applications of secure computation and many PSI
protocols have been proposed. However, the variety of
existing PSI protocols makes it difficult to identify
the solution that performs best in a respective
scenario, especially since they were not compared in
the same setting. In addition, existing PSI protocols
are several orders of magnitude slower than an insecure
na{\"\i}ve hashing solution, which is used in practice.
In this article, we review the progress made on PSI
protocols and give an overview of existing protocols in
various security models. We then focus on PSI protocols
that are secure against semi-honest adversaries and
take advantage of the most recent efficiency
improvements in Oblivious Transfer (OT) extension,
propose significant optimizations to previous PSI
protocols, and suggest a new PSI protocol whose runtime
is superior to that of existing protocols. We compare
the performance of the protocols, both theoretically
and experimentally, by implementing all protocols on
the same platform, give recommendations on which
protocol to use in a particular setting, and evaluate
the progress on PSI protocols by comparing them to the
currently employed insecure na{\"\i}ve hashing
protocol. We demonstrate the feasibility of our new PSI
protocol by processing two sets with a billion elements
each.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Alrabaee:2018:FRE,
author = "Saed Alrabaee and Paria Shirani and Lingyu Wang and
Mourad Debbabi",
title = "{FOSSIL}: A Resilient and Efficient System for
Identifying {FOSS} Functions in Malware Binaries",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = feb,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3175492",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3175492",
abstract = "Identifying free open-source software (FOSS) packages
on binaries when the source code is unavailable is
important for many security applications, such as
malware detection, software infringement, and digital
forensics. This capability enhances both the accuracy
and the efficiency of reverse engineering tasks by
avoiding false correlations between irrelevant code
bases. Although the FOSS package identification problem
belongs to the field of software engineering,
conventional approaches rely strongly on practical
methods in data mining and database searching. However,
various challenges in the use of these methods prevent
existing function identification approaches from being
effective in the absence of source code. To make
matters worse, the introduction of obfuscation
techniques, the use of different compilers and
compilation settings, and software refactoring
techniques has made the automated detection of FOSS
packages increasingly difficult. With very few
exceptions, the existing systems are not resilient to
such techniques, and the exceptions are not
sufficiently efficient. To address this issue, we
propose FOSSIL, a novel resilient and efficient system
that incorporates three components. The first component
extracts the syntactical features of functions by
considering opcode frequencies and applying a hidden
Markov model statistical test. The second component
applies a neighborhood hash graph kernel to random
walks derived from control-flow graphs, with the goal
of extracting the semantics of the functions. The third
component applies z-score to the normalized
instructions to extract the behavior of instructions in
a function. The components are integrated using a
Bayesian network model, which synthesizes the results
to determine the FOSS function. The novel approach of
combining these components using the Bayesian network
has produced stronger resilience to code obfuscation.
We evaluate our system on three datasets, including
real-world projects whose use of FOSS packages is
known, malware binaries for which there are security
and reverse engineering reports purporting to describe
their use of FOSS, and a large repository of malware
binaries. We demonstrate that our system is able to
identify FOSS packages in real-world projects with a
mean precision of 0.95 and with a mean recall of 0.85.
Furthermore, FOSSIL is able to discover FOSS packages
in malware binaries that match those listed in security
and reverse engineering reports. Our results show that
modern malware binaries contain 0.10--0.45 of FOSS
packages.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Giacobazzi:2018:ANI,
author = "Roberto Giacobazzi and Isabella Mastroeni",
title = "Abstract Non-Interference: A Unifying Framework for
Weakening Information-flow",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = feb,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3175660",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3175660",
abstract = "Non-interference happens when some elements of a
dynamic system do not interfere, i.e., do not affect,
other elements in the same system. Originally
introduced in language-based security, non-interference
means that the manipulation of private information has
no effect on public observations of data. In this
article, we introduce abstract non-interference as a
weakening of non-interference by abstract
interpretation. Abstract non-interference is parametric
on which private information we want to protect and
which are the observational capabilities of the
external observer, i.e., what the attacker can observe
of a computation and of the data manipulated during the
computation. This allows us to model a variety of
situations in information-flow security, where the
security of a system can be mastered by controlling the
degree of precision of the strongest harmless attacker
and the properties that are potentially leaked in case
of successful attack.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Son:2018:GFD,
author = "Yunmok Son and Juhwan Noh and Jaeyeong Choi and
Yongdae Kim",
title = "{GyrosFinger}: Fingerprinting Drones for Location
Tracking Based on the Outputs of {MEMS} Gyroscopes",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = feb,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3177751",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:23 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3177751",
abstract = "Drones are widely used for various purposes such as
delivery, aerial photography, and surveillance.
Considering the increasing drone-related services,
tracking the locations of drones can cause security
threats such as escaping from drone surveillance,
disturbing drone-related services, and capturing
drones. For wirelessly monitoring the status of drones,
telemetry is used, and this status information contains
various data such as latitude and longitude, calibrated
sensor outputs, and sensor offsets. Because most of the
telemetry implementation supports neither
authentication nor encryption, an attacker can obtain
the status information of the drones by using an
appropriate wireless communication device such as
software-defined radio. While the attacker knows the
locations of the drones from the status information,
this information is not sufficient for tracking drones
because the status information does not include any
identity information that can bind the identity of the
drone with its location. \In this article, we propose a
fingerprinting method for drones in motion for the
binding of the identity of the drone with its location.
Our fingerprinting method is based on the sensor
outputs included in the status information, i.e., the
offsets of micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS)
gyroscope, an essential sensor for maintaining the
attitude of drones. We found that the offsets of MEMS
gyroscopes are different from each other because of
manufacturing mismatches, and the offsets of five
drones obtained through their telemetry are
distinguishable and constant during their flights. To
evaluate the performance of our fingerprinting method
on a larger scale, we collected the offsets from 70
stand-alone MEMS gyroscopes to generate fingerprints.
Our experimental results show that, when using the
offsets of three and two axes calculated from 128
samples of the raw outputs per axis as fingerprints,
the F-scores of the proposed method reach 98.78\% and
94.47\%, respectively. The offsets collected after a
month are also fingerprinted with F-scores of 96.58\%
and 78.45\% under the same condition, respectively. The
proposed fingerprinting method is effective, robust,
and persistent. Additionally, unless the MEMS gyroscope
is not replaced, our fingerprinting method can be used
for drone tracking even when the target drones are
flying.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Carminati:2018:SEB,
author = "Michele Carminati and Mario Polino and Andrea
Continella and Andrea Lanzi and Federico Maggi and
Stefano Zanero",
title = "Security Evaluation of a Banking Fraud Analysis
System",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = jun,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3178370",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3178370",
abstract = "The significant growth of banking fraud, fueled by the
underground economy of malware, has raised the need for
effective detection systems. Therefore, in the last few
years, banks have upgraded their security to protect
transactions from fraud. State-of-the-art solutions
detect fraud as deviations from customers' spending
habits. To the best of our knowledge, almost all
existing approaches do not provide an in-depth model's
granularity and security analysis against elusive
attacks. In this article, we examine Banksealer, a
decision support system for banking fraud analysis that
evaluates the influence on detection performance of the
granularity at which spending habits are modeled and
its security against evasive attacks. First, we compare
user-centric modeling, which builds a model for each
user, with system-centric modeling, which builds a
model for the entire system, from the point of view of
detection performance. Then, we assess the robustness
of Banksealer against malicious attackers that are
aware of the structure of the models in use. To this
end, we design and implement a proof-of-concept attack
tool that performs mimicry attacks, emulating a
sophisticated attacker that cloaks frauds to avoid
detection. We experimentally confirm the feasibility of
such attacks, their cost, and the effort required by an
attacker in order to perform them. In addition, we
discuss possible countermeasures. We provide a
comprehensive evaluation on a large real-world dataset
obtained from one of the largest Italian banks.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Kelbert:2018:DUC,
author = "Florian Kelbert and Alexander Pretschner",
title = "Data Usage Control for Distributed Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = jun,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3183342",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3183342",
abstract = "Data usage control enables data owners to enforce
policies over how their data may be used after they
have been released and accessed. We address distributed
aspects of this problem, which arise if the protected
data reside within multiple systems. We contribute by
formalizing, implementing, and evaluating a fully
decentralized system that (i) generically and
transparently tracks protected data across systems,
(ii) propagates data usage policies along, and (iii)
efficiently and preventively enforces policies in a
decentralized manner. The evaluation shows that (i)
dataflow tracking and policy propagation achieve a
throughput of 21--54\% of native execution and (ii)
decentralized policy enforcement outperforms a
centralized approach in many situations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Stobert:2018:PLC,
author = "Elizabeth Stobert and Robert Biddle",
title = "The Password Life Cycle",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = jun,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3183341",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3183341",
abstract = "Managing passwords is a difficult task for users, who
must create, remember, and keep track of large numbers
of passwords. In this work, we investigated users'
coping strategies for password management. Through a
series of interviews, we identified a ``life cycle'' of
password use and find that users' central task in
coping with their passwords is rationing their effort
to best protect their important accounts. We followed
up this work by interviewing experts about their
password management practices and found that experts
rely on the same kinds of coping strategies as
non-experts, but that their increased situation
awareness of security allows them to better ration
their effort into protecting their accounts. Finally,
we conducted a survey study to explore how the life
cycle model generalizes to the larger population and
find that the life cycle and rationing patterns can be
seen in the broader population, but that survey
respondents were less likely to characterize security
management as a challenging task.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Wei:2018:APG,
author = "Fengguo Wei and Sankardas Roy and Xinming Ou and
Robby",
title = "{Amandroid}: A Precise and General Inter-component
Data Flow Analysis Framework for Security Vetting of
{Android} Apps",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = jun,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3183575",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3183575",
abstract = "We present a new approach to static analysis for
security vetting of Android apps and a general
framework called Amandroid. Amandroid determines
points-to information for all objects in an Android app
component in a flow and context-sensitive
(user-configurable) way and performs data flow and data
dependence analysis for the component. Amandroid also
tracks inter-component communication activities. It can
stitch the component-level information into the
app-level information to perform intra-app or inter-app
analysis. In this article, (a) we show that the
aforementioned type of comprehensive app analysis is
completely feasible in terms of computing resources
with modern hardware, (b) we demonstrate that one can
easily leverage the results from this general analysis
to build various types of specialized security
analyses-in many cases the amount of additional coding
needed is around 100 lines of code, and (c) the result
of those specialized analyses leveraging Amandroid is
at least on par and often exceeds prior works designed
for the specific problems, which we demonstrate by
comparing Amandroid's results with those of prior works
whenever we can obtain the executable of those tools.
Since Amandroid's analysis directly handles
inter-component control and data flows, it can be used
to address security problems that result from
interactions among multiple components from either the
same or different apps. Amandroid's analysis is sound
in that it can provide assurance of the absence of the
specified security problems in an app with
well-specified and reasonable assumptions on Android
runtime system and its library.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Zhao:2018:FFI,
author = "Siqi Zhao and Xuhua Ding",
title = "{FIMCE}: A Fully Isolated Micro-Computing Environment
for Multicore Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = jun,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3195181",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3195181",
abstract = "Virtualization-based memory isolation has been widely
used as a security primitive in various security
systems to counter kernel-level attacks. In this
article, our in-depth analysis on this primitive shows
that its security is significantly undermined in the
multicore setting when other hardware resources for
computing are not enclosed within the isolation
boundary. We thus propose to construct a fully isolated
micro-computing environment (FIMCE) as a new primitive.
By virtue of its architectural niche, FIMCE not only
offers stronger security assurance than its
predecessor, but also features a flexible and
composable environment with support for peripheral
device isolation, thus greatly expanding the scope of
applications. In addition, FIMCE can be integrated with
recent technologies such as Intel Software Guard
Extensions (SGX) to attain even stronger security
guarantees. We have built a prototype of FIMCE with a
bare-metal hypervisor. To show the benefits of using
FIMCE as a building block, we have also implemented
four applications which are difficult to construct
using the existing memory isolation method. Experiments
with these applications demonstrate that FIMCE imposes
less than 1\% overhead on single-threaded applications,
while the maximum performance loss on multithreaded
applications is bounded by the degree of parallelism at
the processor level.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Farris:2018:VSV,
author = "Katheryn A. Farris and Ankit Shah and George Cybenko
and Rajesh Ganesan and Sushil Jajodia",
title = "{VULCON}: A System for Vulnerability Prioritization,
Mitigation, and Management",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "4",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = oct,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3196884",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3196884",
abstract = "Vulnerability remediation is a critical task in
operational software and network security management.
In this article, an effective vulnerability management
strategy, called VULCON (VULnerability CONtrol), is
developed and evaluated. The strategy is based on two
fundamental performance metrics: (1)
time-to-vulnerability remediation (TVR) and (2) total
vulnerability exposure (TVE). VULCON takes as input
real vulnerability scan reports, metadata about the
discovered vulnerabilities, asset criticality, and
personnel resources. VULCON uses a mixed-integer
multiobjective optimization algorithm to prioritize
vulnerabilities for patching, such that the above
performance metrics are optimized subject to the given
resource constraints. VULCON has been tested on
multiple months of real scan data from a cyber-security
operations center (CSOC). Results indicate an overall
TVE reduction of 8.97\% when VULCON optimizes a
realistic security analyst workforce's effort.
Additionally, VULCON demonstrates that it can determine
monthly resources required to maintain a target TVE
score. As such, VULCON provides valuable operational
guidance for improving vulnerability response processes
in CSOCs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Kim:2018:EPP,
author = "Jinsu Kim and Dongyoung Koo and Yuna Kim and Hyunsoo
Yoon and Junbum Shin and Sungwook Kim",
title = "Efficient Privacy-Preserving Matrix Factorization for
Recommendation via Fully Homomorphic Encryption",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "4",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = oct,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3212509",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3212509",
abstract = "There are recommendation systems everywhere in our
daily life. The collection of personal data of users by
a recommender in the system may cause serious privacy
issues. In this article, we propose the first
privacy-preserving matrix factorization for
recommendation using fully homomorphic encryption. Our
protocol performs matrix factorization over encrypted
users' rating data and returns encrypted outputs so
that the recommendation system learns nothing on rating
values and resulting user/item profiles. Furthermore,
the protocol provides a privacy-preserving method to
optimize the tuning parameters that can be a business
benefit for the recommendation service providers. To
overcome the performance degradation caused by the use
of fully homomorphic encryption, we introduce a novel
data structure to perform computations over encrypted
vectors, which are essential for matrix factorization,
through secure two-party computation in part. Our
experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our
protocol.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Levesque:2018:THF,
author = "Fanny Lalonde L{\'e}vesque and Sonia Chiasson and Anil
Somayaji and Jos{\'e} M. Fernandez",
title = "Technological and Human Factors of Malware Attacks: A
Computer Security Clinical Trial Approach",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "4",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = oct,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3210311",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3210311",
abstract = "The success (or failure) of malware attacks depends
upon both technological and human factors. The most
security-conscious users are susceptible to unknown
vulnerabilities, and even the best security mechanisms
can be circumvented as a result of user actions.
Although there has been significant research on the
technical aspects of malware attacks and defence, there
has been much less research on how users interact with
both malware and current malware defences. This article
describes a field study designed to examine the
interactions between users, antivirus (AV) software,
and malware as they occur on deployed systems. In a
fashion similar to medical studies that evaluate the
efficacy of a particular treatment, our experiment
aimed to assess the performance of AV software and the
human risk factors of malware attacks. The 4-month
study involved 50 home users who agreed to use laptops
that were instrumented to monitor for possible malware
attacks and gather data on user behaviour. This study
provided some very interesting, non-intuitive insights
into the efficacy of AV software and human risk
factors. AV performance was found to be lower under
real-life conditions compared to tests conducted in
controlled conditions. Moreover, computer expertise,
volume of network usage, and peer-to-peer activity were
found to be significant correlates of malware attacks.
We assert that this work shows the viability and the
merits of evaluating security products, techniques, and
strategies to protect systems through long-term field
studies with greater ecological validity than can be
achieved through other means.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Ye:2018:VBA,
author = "Guixin Ye and Zhanyong Tang and Dingyi Fang and
Xiaojiang Chen and Willy Wolff and Adam J. Aviv and
Zheng Wang",
title = "A Video-based Attack for {Android} Pattern Lock",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "4",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = oct,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3230740",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3230740",
abstract = "Pattern lock is widely used for identification and
authentication on Android devices. This article
presents a novel video-based side channel attack that
can reconstruct Android locking patterns from video
footage filmed using a smartphone. As a departure from
previous attacks on pattern lock, this new attack does
not require the camera to capture any content displayed
on the screen. Instead, it employs a computer vision
algorithm to track the fingertip movement trajectory to
infer the pattern. Using the geometry information
extracted from the tracked fingertip motions, the
method can accurately infer a small number of (often
one) candidate patterns to be tested by an attacker. We
conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our approach
using 120 unique patterns collected from 215
independent users. Experimental results show that the
proposed attack can reconstruct over 95\% of the
patterns in five attempts. We discovered that, in
contrast to most people's belief, complex patterns do
not offer stronger protection under our attacking
scenarios. This is demonstrated by the fact that we are
able to break all but one complex patterns (with a
97.5\% success rate) as opposed to 60\% of the simple
patterns in the first attempt. We demonstrate that this
video-side channel is a serious concern for not only
graphical locking patterns but also PIN-based
passwords, as algorithms and analysis developed from
the attack can be easily adapted to target PIN-based
passwords. As a countermeasure, we propose to change
the way the Android locking pattern is constructed and
used. We show that our proposal can successfully defeat
this video-based attack. We hope the results of this
article can encourage the community to revisit the
design and practical use of Android pattern lock.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Zhang:2018:VGP,
author = "Yupeng Zhang and Charalampos Papamanthou and Jonathan
Katz",
title = "Verifiable Graph Processing",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "21",
number = "4",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = oct,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3233181",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3233181",
abstract = "We consider a scenario in which a data owner
outsources storage of a large graph to an untrusted
server; the server performs computations on this graph
in response to queries from a client (whether the data
owner or others), and the goal is to ensure
verifiability of the returned results. Applying generic
verifiable computation (VC) would involve compiling
each graph computation to a circuit or a RAM program
and would incur large overhead, especially in the
proof-computation time. In this work, we address the
above by designing, building, and evaluating Alitheia,
a VC system tailored for graph queries such as
computing shortest paths, longest paths, and maximum
flows. The underlying principle of Alitheia is to
minimize the use of generic VC techniques by leveraging
various algorithmic approaches specific for graphs.
This leads to both theoretical and practical
improvements. Asymptotically, it improves the
complexity of proof computation by at least a
logarithmic factor. On the practical side, our system
achieves significant performance improvements over
current state-of-the-art VC systems (up to a
10-orders-of-magnitude improvement in proof-computation
time, and a 99.9\% reduction in server storage), while
scaling to 200,000-node graphs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Madi:2018:IAV,
author = "Taous Madi and Yosr Jarraya and Amir Alimohammadifar
and Suryadipta Majumdar and Yushun Wang and Makan
Pourzandi and Lingyu Wang and Mourad Debbabi",
title = "{ISOTOP}: Auditing Virtual Networks Isolation Across
Cloud Layers in {OpenStack}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3267339",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3267339",
abstract = "Multi-tenancy in the cloud is a double-edged sword.
While it enables cost-effective resource sharing, it
increases security risks for the hosted applications.
Indeed, multiplexing virtual resources belonging to
different tenants on the same physical substrate may
lead to critical security concerns such as
cross-tenants data leakage and denial of service.
Particularly, virtual networks isolation failures are
among the foremost security concerns in the cloud. To
remedy these, automated tools are needed to verify
security mechanisms compliance with relevant security
policies and standards. However, auditing virtual
networks isolation is challenging due to the dynamic
and layered nature of the cloud. Particularly,
inconsistencies in network isolation mechanisms across
cloud-stack layers, namely, the infrastructure
management and the implementation layers, may lead to
virtual networks isolation breaches that are
undetectable at a single layer. In this article, we
propose an offline automated framework for auditing
consistent isolation between virtual networks in
OpenStack-managed cloud spanning over overlay and layer
2 by considering both cloud layers' views. To capture
the semantics of the audited data and its relation to
consistent isolation requirement, we devise a
multi-layered model for data related to each
cloud-stack layer's view. Furthermore, we integrate our
auditing system into OpenStack, and present our
experimental results on assessing several properties
related to virtual network isolation and consistency.
Our results show that our approach can be successfully
used to detect virtual network isolation breaches for
large OpenStack-based data centers in reasonable
time.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Reaves:2018:CSS,
author = "Bradley Reaves and Luis Vargas and Nolen Scaife and
Dave Tian and Logan Blue and Patrick Traynor and Kevin
R. B. Butler",
title = "Characterizing the Security of the {SMS} Ecosystem
with Public Gateways",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3268932",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3268932",
abstract = "Recent years have seen the Short Message Service (SMS)
become a critical component of the security
infrastructure, assisting with tasks including identity
verification and second-factor authentication. At the
same time, this messaging infrastructure has become
dramatically more open and connected to public networks
than ever before. However, the implications of this
openness, the security practices of benign services,
and the malicious misuse of this ecosystem are not well
understood. In this article, we provide a comprehensive
longitudinal study to answer these questions, analyzing
over 900,000 text messages sent to public online SMS
gateways over the course of 28 months. From this data,
we uncover the geographical distribution of spam
messages, study SMS as a transmission medium of
malicious content, and find that changes in benign and
malicious behaviors in the SMS ecosystem have been
minimal during our collection period. The key takeaways
of this research show many services sending sensitive
security-based messages through an unencrypted medium,
implementing low entropy solutions for one-use codes,
and behaviors indicating that public gateways are
primarily used for evading account creation policies
that require verified phone numbers. This latter
finding has significant implications for combating
phone-verified account fraud and demonstrates that such
evasion will continue to be difficult to detect and
prevent.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Jansen:2018:KKI,
author = "Rob Jansen and Matthew Traudt and John Geddes and
Chris Wacek and Micah Sherr and Paul Syverson",
title = "{KIST}: Kernel-Informed Socket Transport for {Tor}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3278121",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3278121",
abstract = "Tor's growing popularity and user diversity has
resulted in network performance problems that are not
well understood, though performance is understood to be
a significant factor in Tor's security. A large body of
work has attempted to solve performance problems
without a complete understanding of where congestion
occurs in Tor. In this article, we first study
congestion in Tor at individual relays as well as along
the entire end-to-end Tor path and find that congestion
occurs almost exclusively in egress kernel socket
buffers. We then analyze Tor's socket interactions and
discover two major contributors to Tor's congestion:
Tor writes sockets sequentially, and Tor writes as much
as possible to each socket. To improve Tor's
performance, we design, implement, and test KIST: a new
socket management algorithm that uses real-time kernel
information to dynamically compute the amount to write
to each socket while considering all circuits of all
writable sockets when scheduling cells. We find that,
in the medians, KIST reduces circuit congestion by more
than 30\%, reduces network latency by 18\%, and
increases network throughput by nearly 10\%. We also
find that client and relay performance with KIST
improves as more relays deploy it and as network load
and packet loss rates increase. We analyze the security
of KIST and find an acceptable performance and security
tradeoff, as it does not significantly affect the
outcome of well-known latency, throughput, and traffic
correlation attacks. KIST has been merged and
configured as the default socket scheduling algorithm
in Tor version 0.3.2.1-alpha (released September 18,
2017) and became stable in Tor version 0.3.2.9
(released January 9, 2018). While our focus is Tor, our
techniques and observations should help analyze and
improve overlay and application performance, both for
security applications and in general.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Sluganovic:2018:ARE,
author = "Ivo Sluganovic and Marc Roeschlin and Kasper B.
Rasmussen and Ivan Martinovic",
title = "Analysis of Reflexive Eye Movements for Fast
Replay-Resistant Biometric Authentication",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3281745",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3281745",
abstract = "Eye tracking devices have recently become increasingly
popular as an interface between people and
consumer-grade electronic devices. Due to the fact that
human eyes are fast, responsive, and carry information
unique to an individual, analyzing person's gaze is
particularly attractive for rapid biometric
authentication. Unfortunately, previous proposals for
gaze-based authentication systems either suffer from
high error rates or requires long authentication times.
We build on the fact that some eye movements can be
reflexively and predictably triggered and develop an
interactive visual stimulus for elicitation of
reflexive eye movements that support the extraction of
reliable biometric features in a matter of seconds,
without requiring any memorization or cognitive effort
on the part of the user. As an important benefit, our
stimulus can be made unique for every authentication
attempt and thus incorporated in a challenge-response
biometric authentication system. This allows us to
prevent replay attacks, which are possibly the most
applicable attack vectors against biometric
authentication. Using a gaze tracking device, we build
a prototype of our system and perform a series of
systematic user experiments with 30 participants from
the general public. We thoroughly analyze various
system parameters and evaluate the performance and
security guarantees under several different attack
scenarios. The results show that our system matches or
surpasses existing gaze-based authentication methods in
achieved equal error rates (6.3\%) while achieving
significantly lower authentication times (5s).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Pomonis:2018:KPA,
author = "Marios Pomonis and Theofilos Petsios and Angelos D.
Keromytis and Michalis Polychronakis and Vasileios P.
Kemerlis",
title = "Kernel Protection Against Just-In-Time Code Reuse",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3277592",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3277592",
abstract = "The abundance of memory corruption and disclosure
vulnerabilities in kernel code necessitates the
deployment of hardening techniques to prevent privilege
escalation attacks. As stricter memory isolation
mechanisms between the kernel and user space become
commonplace, attackers increasingly rely on code reuse
techniques to exploit kernel vulnerabilities. Contrary
to similar attacks in more restrictive settings, as in
web browsers, in kernel exploitation, non-privileged
local adversaries have great flexibility in abusing
memory disclosure vulnerabilities to dynamically
discover, or infer, the location of code snippets in
order to construct code-reuse payloads. Recent studies
have shown that the coupling of code diversification
with the enforcement of a ``read XOR execute'' (R$
\caret $X) memory safety policy is an effective defense
against the exploitation of userland software, but so
far this approach has not been applied for the
protection of the kernel itself. In this article, we
fill this gap by presenting kR$ \caret $X: a
kernel-hardening scheme based on execute-only memory
and code diversification. We study a previously
unexplored point in the design space, where a
hypervisor or a super-privileged component is not
required. Implemented mostly as a set of GCC plugins,
kR$ \caret $X is readily applicable to x86 Linux
kernels (both 32b and 64b) and can benefit from
hardware support (segmentation on x86, MPX on x86-64)
to optimize performance. In full protection mode, kR$
\caret $X incurs a low runtime overhead of 4.04\%,
which drops to 2.32\% when MPX is available, and 1.32\%
when memory segmentation is in use.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Ugarte-Pedrero:2018:CLD,
author = "Xabier Ugarte-Pedrero and Mariano Graziano and Davide
Balzarotti",
title = "A Close Look at a Daily Dataset of Malware Samples",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3291061",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3291061",
abstract = "The number of unique malware samples is growing out of
control. Over the years, security companies have
designed and deployed complex infrastructures to
collect and analyze this overwhelming number of
samples. As a result, a security company can collect
more than 1M unique files per day only from its
different feeds. These are automatically stored and
processed to extract actionable information derived
from static and dynamic analysis. However, only a tiny
amount of this data is interesting for security
researchers and attracts the interest of a human
expert. To the best of our knowledge, nobody has
systematically dissected these datasets to precisely
understand what they really contain. The security
community generally discards the problem because of the
alleged prevalence of uninteresting samples. In this
article, we guide the reader through a step-by-step
analysis of the hundreds of thousands Windows
executables collected in one day from these feeds. Our
goal is to show how a company can employ existing
state-of-the-art techniques to automatically process
these samples and then perform manual experiments to
understand and document what is the real content of
this gigantic dataset. We present the filtering steps,
and we discuss in detail how samples can be grouped
together according to their behavior to support manual
verification. Finally, we use the results of this
measurement experiment to provide a rough estimate of
both the human and computer resources that are required
to get to the bottom of the catch of the day.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Modersheim:2018:ABP,
author = "Sebastian M{\"o}dersheim and Luca Vigan{\`o}",
title = "Alpha--Beta Privacy",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "1",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = jan,
year = "2018",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3289255",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:24 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3289255",
abstract = "The formal specification of privacy goals in symbolic
protocol models has proved to be not quite trivial so
far. The most widely used approach in formal methods is
based on the static equivalence of frames in the
applied pi-calculus, basically asking whether or not
the intruder is able to distinguish two given worlds.
But then a subtle question emerges: How can we be sure
that we have specified all pairs of worlds to properly
reflect our intuitive privacy goal? To address this
problem, we introduce in this article a novel and
declarative way to specify privacy goals, called (
\alpha , \beta )-privacy. This new approach is based on
specifying two formulae \alpha and \beta in first-order
logic with Herbrand universes, where \alpha reflects
the intentionally released information and \beta
includes the actual cryptographic (``technical'')
messages the intruder can see. Then ( \alpha , \beta
)-privacy means that the intruder cannot derive any
``nontechnical'' statement from \beta that he cannot
derive from \alpha already. We describe by a variety of
examples how this notion can be used in practice. Even
though ( \alpha , \beta )-privacy does not directly
contain a notion of distinguishing between worlds,
there is a close relationship to static equivalence of
frames that we investigate formally. This allows us to
justify (and criticize) the specifications that are
currently used in verification tools and obtain a
decision procedure for a large fragment of ( \alpha ,
\beta )-privacy.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Kreutz:2019:ALC,
author = "Diego Kreutz and Jiangshan Yu and Fernando M. V. Ramos
and Paulo Esteves-Verissimo",
title = "{ANCHOR}: Logically Centralized Security for
Software-Defined Networks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = apr,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3301305",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3301305",
abstract = "Software-defined networking (SDN) decouples the
control and data planes of traditional networks,
logically centralizing the functional properties of the
network in the SDN controller. While this
centralization brought advantages such as a faster pace
of innovation, it also disrupted some of the natural
defenses of traditional architectures against different
threats. The literature on SDN has mostly been
concerned with the functional side, despite some
specific works concerning non-functional properties
such as security or dependability. Though addressing
the latter in an ad-hoc, piecemeal way may work, it
will most likely lead to efficiency and effectiveness
problems. We claim that the enforcement of
non-functional properties as a pillar of SDN robustness
calls for a systemic approach. We further advocate, for
its materialization, the reiteration of the successful
formula behind SDN: `logical centralization'. As a
general concept, we propose anchor, a subsystem
architecture that promotes the logical centralization
of non-functional properties. To show the effectiveness
of the concept, we focus on security in this article:
we identify the current security gaps in SDNs and we
populate the architecture middleware with the
appropriate security mechanisms in a global and
consistent manner. Essential security mechanisms
provided by anchor include reliable entropy and
resilient pseudo-random generators, and protocols for
secure registration and association of SDN devices. We
claim and justify in the article that centralizing such
mechanisms is key for their effectiveness by allowing
us to define and enforce global policies for those
properties; reduce the complexity of controllers and
forwarding devices; ensure higher levels of robustness
for critical services; foster interoperability of the
non-functional property enforcement mechanisms; and
promote the security and resilience of the architecture
itself. We discuss design and implementation aspects,
and we prove and evaluate our algorithms and
mechanisms, including the formalisation of the main
protocols and the verification of their core security
properties using the Tamarin prover.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Pagani:2019:ITD,
author = "Fabio Pagani and Oleksii Fedorov and Davide
Balzarotti",
title = "Introducing the Temporal Dimension to Memory
Forensics",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = apr,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3310355",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3310355",
abstract = "Kickstarted by the Digital Forensic Research Workshop
(DFRWS) conference in 2005, modern memory analysis is
now one of most active areas of computer forensics and
it mostly focuses on techniques to locate key operating
system data structures and extract high-level
information. These techniques work on the assumption
that the information inside a memory dump is consistent
and the copy of the physical memory was obtained in an
atomic operation. Unfortunately, this is seldom the
case in real investigations, where software acquisition
tools record information while the rest of the system
is running. Thus, since the content of the memory is
changing very rapidly, the resulting memory dump may
contain inconsistent data. While this problem is known,
its consequences are unclear and often overlooked.
Unfortunately, errors can be very subtle and can affect
the results of an analysis in ways that are difficult
to detect. In this article, we argue that memory
forensics should also consider the time in which each
piece of data was acquired. This new temporal dimension
provides a preliminary way to assess the reliability of
a given result and opens the door to new research
directions that can minimize the effect of the
acquisition time or detect inconsistencies. To support
our hypothesis, we conducted several experiments to
show that inconsistencies are very frequent and can
negatively impact an analysis. We then discuss
modifications we made to popular memory forensic tools
to make the temporal dimension explicit during the
analysis and to minimize its effect by resorting to a
locality-based acquisition.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Kwon:2019:SEI,
author = "Donghyun Kwon and Hayoon Yi and Yeongpil Cho and
Yunheung Paek",
title = "Safe and Efficient Implementation of a Security System
on {ARM} using Intra-level Privilege Separation",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = apr,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3309698",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3309698",
abstract = "Security monitoring has long been considered as a
fundamental mechanism to mitigate the damage of a
security attack. Recently, intra-level security systems
have been proposed that can efficiently and securely
monitor system software without any involvement of more
privileged entity. Unfortunately, there exists no full
intra-level security system that can universally
operate at any privilege level on ARM. However, as
malware and attacks increase against virtually every
level of privileged software including an OS, a
hypervisor, and even the highest privileged software
armored by TrustZone, we have been motivated to develop
an intra-level security system, named Hilps. Hilps
realizes true intra-level scheme in all these levels of
privileged software on ARM by elaborately exploiting a
new hardware feature of ARM's latest 64-bit
architecture, called TxSZ, that enables elastic
adjustment of the accessible virtual address range.
Furthermore, Hilps newly supports the sandbox mechanism
that provides security tools with individually isolated
execution environments, thereby minimizing security
threats from untrusted security tools. We have
implemented a prototype of Hilps on a real machine. The
experimental results demonstrate that Hilps is quite
promising for practical use in real deployments.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Woo:2019:UEM,
author = "Simon S. Woo and Ron Artstein and Elsi Kaiser and Xiao
Le and Jelena Mirkovic",
title = "Using Episodic Memory for User Authentication",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = apr,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3308992",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3308992",
abstract = "Passwords are widely used for user authentication, but
they are often difficult for a user to recall, easily
cracked by automated programs, and heavily reused.
Security questions are also used for secondary
authentication. They are more memorable than passwords,
because the question serves as a hint to the user, but
they are very easily guessed. We propose a new
authentication mechanism, called ``life-experience
passwords (LEPs).'' Sitting somewhere between passwords
and security questions, an LEP consists of several
facts about a user-chosen life event-such as a trip, a
graduation, a wedding, and so on. At LEP creation, the
system extracts these facts from the user's input and
transforms them into questions and answers. At
authentication, the system prompts the user with
questions and matches the answers with the stored ones.
We show that question choice and design make LEPs much
more secure than security questions and passwords,
while the question-answer format promotes low password
reuse and high recall. Specifically, we find that: (1)
LEPs are 10 9 --10 14 $ \times $ stronger than an
ideal, randomized, eight-character password; (2) LEPs
are up to 3 $ \times $ more memorable than passwords
and on par with security questions; and (3) LEPs are
reused half as often as passwords. While both LEPs and
security questions use personal experiences for
authentication, LEPs use several questions that are
closely tailored to each user. This increases LEP
security against guessing attacks. In our evaluation,
only 0.7\% of LEPs were guessed by casual friends, and
9.5\% by family members or close friends-roughly half
of the security question guessing rate. On the
downside, LEPs take around 5 $ \times $ longer to input
than passwords. So, these qualities make LEPs suitable
for multi-factor authentication at high-value servers,
such as financial or sensitive work servers, where
stronger authentication strength is needed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Noh:2019:TBS,
author = "Juhwan Noh and Yujin Kwon and Yunmok Son and Hocheol
Shin and Dohyun Kim and Jaeyeong Choi and Yongdae Kim",
title = "{Tractor Beam}: Safe-hijacking of Consumer Drones with
Adaptive {GPS} Spoofing",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = apr,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3309735",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3309735",
abstract = "The consumer drone market is booming. Consumer drones
are predominantly used for aerial photography; however,
their use has been expanding because of their autopilot
technology. Unfortunately, terrorists have also begun
to use consumer drones for kamikaze bombing and
reconnaissance. To protect against such threats,
several companies have started ``anti-drone'' services
that primarily focus on disrupting or incapacitating
drone operations. However, the approaches employed are
inadequate, because they make any drone that has
intruded stop and remain over the protected area. We
specify this issue by introducing the concept of
safe-hijacking, which enables a hijacker to expel the
intruding drone from the protected area remotely. As a
safe-hijacking strategy, we investigated whether
consumer drones in the autopilot mode can be hijacked
via adaptive GPS spoofing. Specifically, as consumer
drones activate GPS fail-safe and change their flight
mode whenever a GPS error occurs, we performed black-
and white-box analyses of GPS fail-safe flight mode and
the following behavior after GPS signal recovery of
existing consumer drones. Based on our analyses
results, we developed a taxonomy of consumer drones
according to these fail-safe mechanisms and designed
safe-hijacking strategies for each drone type.
Subsequently, we applied these strategies to four
popular drones: DJI Phantom 3 Standard, DJI Phantom 4,
Parrot Bebop 2, and 3DR Solo. The results of field
experiments and software simulations verified the
efficacy of our safe-hijacking strategies against these
drones and demonstrated that the strategies can force
them to move in any direction with high accuracy.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Ruoti:2019:USF,
author = "Scott Ruoti and Jeff Andersen and Luke Dickinson and
Scott Heidbrink and Tyler Monson and Mark O'Neill and
Ken Reese and Brad Spendlove and Elham Vaziripour and
Justin Wu and Daniel Zappala and Kent Seamons",
title = "A Usability Study of Four Secure Email Tools Using
Paired Participants",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = apr,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3313761",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3313761",
abstract = "Secure email is increasingly being touted as usable by
novice users, with a push for adoption based on recent
concerns about government surveillance. To determine
whether secure email is ready for grassroots adoption,
we employ a laboratory user study that recruits pairs
of novice users to install and use several of the
latest systems to exchange secure messages. We present
both quantitative and qualitative results from 28 pairs
of novices as they use Private WebMail (Pwm), Tutanota,
and Virtru and 10 pairs of novices as they use
Mailvelope. Participants report being more at ease with
this type of study and better able to cope with
mistakes since both participants are ``on the same
page.'' We find that users prefer integrated solutions
over depot-based solutions and that tutorials are
important in helping first-time users. Finally, our
results demonstrate that Pretty Good Privacy using
manual key management is still unusable for novice
users, with 9 of 10 participant pairs failing to
complete the study.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Onwuzurike:2019:MDA,
author = "Lucky Onwuzurike and Enrico Mariconti and Panagiotis
Andriotis and Emiliano {De Cristofaro} and Gordon Ross
and Gianluca Stringhini",
title = "{MaMaDroid}: Detecting {Android} Malware by Building
{Markov} Chains of Behavioral Models (Extended
Version)",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "2",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = apr,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3313391",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3313391",
abstract = "As Android has become increasingly popular, so has
malware targeting it, thus motivating the research
community to propose different detection techniques.
However, the constant evolution of the Android
ecosystem, and of malware itself, makes it hard to
design robust tools that can operate for long periods
of time without the need for modifications or costly
re-training. Aiming to address this issue, we set to
detect malware from a behavioral point of view, modeled
as the sequence of abstracted API calls. We introduce M
AMADROID, a static-analysis-based system that abstracts
app's API calls to their class, package, or family, and
builds a model from their sequences obtained from the
call graph of an app as Markov chains. This ensures
that the model is more resilient to API changes and the
features set is of manageable size. We evaluate
MAMADROID using a dataset of 8.5K benign and 35.5K
malicious apps collected over a period of 6 years,
showing that it effectively detects malware (with up to
0.99 F-measure) and keeps its detection capabilities
for long periods of time (up to 0.87 F-measure 2 years
after training). We also show that MAMADROID remarkably
overperforms DROIDAPIMINER, a state-of-the-art
detection system that relies on the frequency of ( raw
) API calls. Aiming to assess whether MAMADROID's
effectiveness mainly stems from the API abstraction or
from the sequencing modeling, we also evaluate a
variant of it that uses frequency (instead of
sequences), of abstracted API calls. We find that it is
not as accurate, failing to capture maliciousness when
trained on malware samples that include API calls that
are equally or more frequently used by benign apps.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Rao:2019:HPR,
author = "Fang-Yu Rao and Jianneng Cao and Elisa Bertino and
Murat Kantarcioglu",
title = "Hybrid Private Record Linkage: Separating
Differentially Private Synopses from Matching Records",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = jul,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3318462",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3318462",
abstract = "Private record linkage protocols allow multiple
parties to exchange matching records, which refer to
the same entities or have similar values, while keeping
the non-matching ones secret. Conventional protocols
are based on computationally expensive cryptographic
primitives and therefore do not scale. To address these
scalability issues, hybrid protocols have been proposed
that combine differential privacy techniques with
secure multiparty computation techniques. However, a
drawback of such protocols is that they disclose to the
parties both the matching records and the
differentially private synopses of the datasets
involved in the linkage. Consequently, differential
privacy is no longer always satisfied. To address this
issue, we propose a novel framework that separates the
private synopses from the matching records. The two
parties do not access the synopses directly, but still
use them to efficiently link records. We theoretically
prove the security of our framework under the
state-of-the-art privacy notion of differential privacy
for record linkage (DPRL). In addition, we develop a
simple but effective strategy for releasing private
synopses. Extensive experimental results show that our
framework is superior to the existing methods in terms
of efficiency.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Sharif:2019:GFA,
author = "Mahmood Sharif and Sruti Bhagavatula and Lujo Bauer
and Michael K. Reiter",
title = "A General Framework for Adversarial Examples with
Objectives",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "3",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = jul,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3317611",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3317611",
abstract = "Images perturbed subtly to be misclassified by neural
networks, called adversarial examples, have emerged as
a technically deep challenge and an important concern
for several application domains. Most research on
adversarial examples takes as its only constraint that
the perturbed images are similar to the originals.
However, real-world application of these ideas often
requires the examples to satisfy additional objectives,
which are typically enforced through custom
modifications of the perturbation process. In this
article, we propose adversarial generative nets (AGNs),
a general methodology to train a generator neural
network to emit adversarial examples satisfying desired
objectives. We demonstrate the ability of AGNs to
accommodate a wide range of objectives, including
imprecise ones difficult to model, in two application
domains. In particular, we demonstrate physical
adversarial examples-eyeglass frames designed to fool
face recognition-with better robustness,
inconspicuousness, and scalability than previous
approaches, as well as a new attack to fool a
handwritten-digit classifier.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Yan:2019:DAW,
author = "Chao Yan and Bo Li and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik and Aron
Laszka and Daniel Fabbri and Bradley Malin",
title = "Database Audit Workload Prioritization via Game
Theory",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "3",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = jul,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3323924",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3323924",
abstract = "The quantity of personal data that is collected,
stored, and subsequently processed continues to grow
rapidly. Given its sensitivity, ensuring privacy
protections has become a necessary component of
database management. To enhance protection, a number of
mechanisms have been developed, such as audit logging
and alert triggers, which notify administrators about
suspicious activities. However, this approach is
limited. First, the volume of alerts is often
substantially greater than the auditing capabilities of
organizations. Second, strategic attackers can attempt
to disguise their actions or carefully choose targets,
thus hide illicit activities. In this article, we
introduce an auditing approach that accounts for
adversarial behavior by (1) prioritizing the order in
which types of alerts are investigated and (2)
providing an upper bound on how much resource to
allocate for each type. Specifically, we model the
interaction between a database auditor and attackers as
a Stackelberg game. We show that even a highly
constrained version of such problem is NP-Hard. Then,
we introduce a method that combines linear programming,
column generation, and heuristic searching to derive an
auditing policy. On the synthetic data, we perform an
extensive evaluation on the approximation degree of our
solution with the optimal one. The two real datasets,
(1) 1.5 months of audit logs from Vanderbilt University
Medical Center and (2) a publicly available credit card
application dataset, are used to test the
policy-searching performance. The findings demonstrate
the effectiveness of the proposed methods for searching
the audit strategies, and our general approach
significantly outperforms non-game-theoretic
baselines.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Outkin:2019:GQT,
author = "Alexander V. Outkin and Brandon K. Eames and Meghan A.
Galiardi and Sarah Walsh and Eric D. Vugrin and Byron
Heersink and Jacob Hobbs and Gregory D. Wyss",
title = "{GPLADD}: Quantifying Trust in Government and
Commercial Systems: a Game-Theoretic Approach",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "3",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = jul,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3326283",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3326283",
abstract = "Trust in a microelectronics-based system can be
characterized as the level of confidence that a system
is free of subversive alterations made during system
development, or that the development process of a
system has not been manipulated by a malicious
adversary. Trust in systems has become an increasing
concern over the past decade. This article presents a
novel game-theoretic framework, called GPLADD
(Graph-based Probabilistic Learning Attacker and
Dynamic Defender), for analyzing and quantifying system
trustworthiness at the end of the development process,
through the analysis of risk of development-time system
manipulation. GPLADD represents attacks and
attacker-defender contests over time. It treats time as
an explicit constraint and allows incorporating the
informational asymmetries between the attacker and
defender into analysis. GPLADD includes an explicit
representation of attack steps via multi-step attack
graphs, attacker and defender strategies, and player
actions at different times. GPLADD allows quantifying
the attack success probability over time and the
attacker and defender costs based on their capabilities
and strategies. This ability to quantify different
attacks provides an input for evaluation of trust in
the development process. We demonstrate GPLADD on an
example attack and its variants. We develop a method
for representing success probability for arbitrary
attacks and derive an explicit analytic
characterization of success probability for a specific
attack. We present a numeric Monte Carlo study of a
small set of attacks, quantify attack success
probabilities, attacker and defender costs, and
illustrate the options the defender has for limiting
the attack success and improving trust in the
development process.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Wedaj:2019:DDA,
author = "Samuel Wedaj and Kolin Paul and Vinay J. Ribeiro",
title = "{DADS}: Decentralized Attestation for Device Swarms",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "3",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = jul,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3325822",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 21 08:26:25 MDT 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3325822",
abstract = "We present a novel scheme called Decentralized
Attestation for Device Swarms (DADS), which is, to the
best of our knowledge, the first to accomplish
decentralized attestation in device swarms. Device
swarms are smart, mobile, and interconnected devices
that operate in large numbers and are likely to be part
of emerging applications in Cyber-Physical Systems
(CPS) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoTs). Swarm
devices process and exchange safety, privacy, and
mission-critical information. Thus, it is important to
have a good code verification technique that scales to
device swarms and establishes trust among collaborating
devices. DADS has several advantages over current
state-of-the-art swarm attestation techniques: It is
decentralized, has no single point of failure, and can
handle changing topologies after nodes are compromised.
DADS assures system resilience to node
compromise/failure while guaranteeing only devices that
execute genuine code remain part of the group. We
conduct performance measurements of communication,
computation, memory, and energy using the TrustLite
embedded systems architecture in OMNeT++ simulation
environment. We show that the proposed approach can
significantly reduce communication cost and is very
efficient in terms of computation, memory, and energy
requirements. We also analyze security and show that
DADS is very effective and robust against various
attacks.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Cantali:2019:AMS,
author = "Gokcan Cantali and Orhan Ermis and Mehmet Ufuk
{\c{C}}aglayan and Cem Ersoy",
title = "Analytical Models for the Scalability of Dynamic
Group-key Agreement Protocols and Secure File Sharing
Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "4",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = dec,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3342998",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 18 14:55:10 MST 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3342998",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Jin:2019:RPP,
author = "Hongyu Jin and Panos Papadimitratos",
title = "Resilient Privacy Protection for Location-Based
Services through Decentralization",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "4",
pages = "21:1--21:??",
month = dec,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3319401",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 18 14:55:10 MST 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2010.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3319401",
abstract = "Location-Based Services (LBSs) provide valuable
services, with convenient features for mobile users.
However, the location and other information disclosed
through each query to the LBS erodes user privacy. This
is a concern especially because LBS providers can be
honest-but-curious, collecting queries and tracking
users' whereabouts and infer sensitive user data. This
motivated both centralized and decentralized location
privacy protection schemes for LBSs: anonymizing and
obfuscating LBS queries to not disclose exact
information, while still getting useful responses.
Decentralized schemes overcome disadvantages of
centralized schemes, eliminating anonymizers, and
enhancing users' control over sensitive information.
However, an insecure decentralized system could create
serious risks beyond private information leakage. More
so, attacking an improperly designed decentralized LBS
privacy protection scheme could be an effective and
low-cost step to breach user privacy. We address
exactly this problem, by proposing security
enhancements for mobile data sharing systems. We
protect user privacy while preserving accountability of
user activities, leveraging pseudonymous authentication
with mainstream cryptography. We show our scheme can be
deployed with off-the-shelf devices based on an
experimental evaluation of an implementation in a
static automotive testbed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Powell:2019:MOH,
author = "Brian A. Powell",
title = "Malicious Overtones: Hunting Data Theft in the
Frequency Domain with One-class Learning",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "4",
pages = "22:1--22:??",
month = dec,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3360469",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 18 14:55:10 MST 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3360469",
abstract = "A method for detecting electronic data theft from
computer networks is described, capable of recognizing
patterns of remote exfiltration occurring over days to
weeks. Normal traffic flow data, in the form of a
host's ingress and egress bytes over time, is used to
train an ensemble of one-class learners. The detection
ensemble is modular, with individual classifiers
trained on different traffic features thought to
characterize malicious data transfers. We select
features that model the egress to ingress byte balance
over time, periodicity, short timescale irregularity,
and density of the traffic. The features are most
efficiently modeled in the frequency domain, which has
the added benefit that variable duration flows are
transformed to a fixed-size feature vector, and by
sampling the frequency space appropriately,
long-duration flows can be tested. When trained on days
or weeks worth of traffic from individual hosts, our
ensemble achieves a low false-positive rate.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Senarath:2019:WTU,
author = "Awanthika Senarath and Marthie Grobler and Nalin
Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage",
title = "Will They Use It or Not? {Investigating} Software
Developers' Intention to Follow Privacy Engineering
Methodologies",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "4",
pages = "23:1--23:??",
month = dec,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3364224",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 18 14:55:10 MST 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3364224",
abstract = "With the increasing concerns over privacy in software
systems, there is a growing enthusiasm to develop
methods to support the development of privacy aware
software systems. Inadequate privacy in software system
designs could result in users losing their sensitive
data, such as health information and financial
information, which may cause financial and reputation
loss. Privacy Engineering Methodologies (PEMs) are
introduced into the software development processes with
the goal of guiding software developers to embed
privacy into the systems they design. However, for PEMs
to be successful it is imperative that software
developers have a positive intention to use PEMs.
Otherwise, developers may attempt to bypass the privacy
methodologies or use them partially and hence develop
software systems that may not protect user privacy
appropriately. To investigate the factors that affect
software developers' behavioural intention to follow
PEMs, in this article, we conducted a study with 149
software developers. Findings of the study show that
the usefulness of the PEM to the developers' existing
work to be the strongest determinant that affects
software developers' intention to follow PEMs.
Moreover, the compatibility of the PEM with their way
of work and how the PEM demonstrates its results when
used were also found to be significant. These findings
provide important insights in understanding the
behaviour of software developers and how they perceive
PEMs. The findings could be used to assist
organisations and researchers to deploy PEMs and design
PEMs that are positively accepted by software
developers.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "23",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Cecconello:2019:STK,
author = "Stefano Cecconello and Alberto Compagno and Mauro
Conti and Daniele Lain and Gene Tsudik",
title = "{Skype \& Type}: Keyboard Eavesdropping in
{Voice-over-IP}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "22",
number = "4",
pages = "24:1--24:??",
month = dec,
year = "2019",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3365366",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed Dec 18 14:55:10 MST 2019",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3365366",
abstract = "Voice-over-IP (VoIP) software are among the most
widely spread and pervasive software, counting millions
of monthly users. However, we argue that people ignore
the drawbacks of transmitting information along with
their voice, such as keystroke sounds --- as such sound
can reveal what someone is typing on a keyboard. In
this article, we present and assess a new keyboard
acoustic eavesdropping attack that involves VoIP,
called Skype \& Type (S\&T). Unlike previous attacks,
S\&T assumes a weak adversary model that is very
practical in many real-world settings. Indeed, S\&T is
very feasible, as it does not require (i) the attacker
to be physically close to the victim (either in person
or with a recording device) and (ii) precise profiling
of the victim's typing style and keyboard; moreover, it
can work with a very small amount of leaked keystrokes.
We observe that leakage of keystrokes during a VoIP
call is likely, as people often ``multi-task'' during
such calls. As expected, VoIP software acquires and
faithfully transmits all sounds, including emanations
of pressed keystrokes, which can include passwords and
other sensitive information. We show that one very
popular VoIP software (Skype) conveys enough audio
information to reconstruct the victim's
input-keystrokes typed on the remote keyboard. Our
results demonstrate that, given some knowledge on the
victim's typing style and keyboard model, the attacker
attains top-5 accuracy of 91.7\% in guessing a random
key pressed by the victim. This work extends previous
results on S\&T, demonstrating that our attack is
effective with many different recording devices (such
as laptop microphones, headset microphones, and
smartphones located in proximity of the target
keyboard), diverse typing styles and speed, and is
particularly threatening when the victim is typing in a
known language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "24",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J1547",
}
@Article{Hoang:2020:MSO,
author = "Thang Hoang and Attila A. Yavuz and Jorge Guajardo",
title = "A Multi-server {ORAM} Framework with Constant Client
Bandwidth Blowup",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:35",
month = feb,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3369108",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 15 07:50:03 MST 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3369108",
abstract = "Oblivious Random Access Machine (ORAM) allows a client
to hide the access pattern when accessing sensitive
data on a remote server. It is known that there exists
a logarithmic communication lower bound on any passive
ORAM construction, where the server \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Khan:2020:MAS,
author = "Hassan Khan and Urs Hengartner and Daniel Vogel",
title = "Mimicry Attacks on Smartphone Keystroke
Authentication",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:34",
month = feb,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3372420",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 15 07:50:03 MST 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3372420",
abstract = "Keystroke behaviour-based authentication employs the
unique typing behaviour of users to authenticate them.
Recent such proposals for virtual keyboards on
smartphones employ diverse temporal, contact, and
spatial features to achieve over 95\% accuracy.
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Lanotte:2020:FAP,
author = "Ruggero Lanotte and Massimo Merro and Andrei Munteanu
and Luca Vigan{\`o}",
title = "A Formal Approach to Physics-based Attacks in
Cyber-physical Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:41",
month = feb,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3373270",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 15 07:50:03 MST 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3373270",
abstract = "We apply formal methods to lay and streamline
theoretical foundations to reason about Cyber-Physical
Systems (CPSs) and physics-based attacks, i.e., attacks
targeting physical devices. We focus on a formal
treatment of both integrity and denial of \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Belman:2020:DPT,
author = "Amith K. Belman and Vir V. Phoha",
title = "Discriminative Power of Typing Features on Desktops,
Tablets, and Phones for User Identification",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:36",
month = feb,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3377404",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 15 07:50:03 MST 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3377404",
abstract = "Research in Keystroke-Dynamics (KD) has customarily
focused on temporal features without considering
context to generate user templates that are used in
authentication. Additionally, work on KD in hand-held
devices such as smart-phones and tablets have
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Karegar:2020:DUE,
author = "Farzaneh Karegar and John S{\"o}ren Pettersson and
Simone Fischer-H{\"u}bner",
title = "The Dilemma of User Engagement in Privacy Notices:
Effects of Interaction Modes and Habituation on User
Attention",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:38",
month = feb,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3372296",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 15 07:50:03 MST 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3372296",
abstract = "Privacy notices and consent forms are the means of
conveying privacy policy information to users. In
Europe, a valid consent needs to be confirmed by a
clear affirmative action. Despite previous research, it
is not yet clear whether user engagement with
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Wu:2020:CPM,
author = "Fang-Jing Wu and Tie Luo",
title = "{CrowdPrivacy}: Publish More Useful Data with Less
Privacy Exposure in Crowdsourced Location-Based
Services",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:25",
month = feb,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3375752",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Feb 15 07:50:03 MST 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3375752",
abstract = "Location-based services (LBSs) typically crowdsource
geo-tagged data from mobile users. Collecting more data
will generally improve the utility for LBS providers;
however, it also leads to more privacy exposure of
users' mobility patterns. Although the \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ye:2020:UGA,
author = "Guixin Ye and Zhanyong Tang and Dingyi Fang and
Zhanxing Zhu and Yansong Feng and Pengfei Xu and
Xiaojiang Chen and Jungong Han and Zheng Wang",
title = "Using Generative Adversarial Networks to Break and
Protect Text Captchas",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:29",
month = may,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3378446",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed May 27 08:04:28 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3378446",
abstract = "Text-based CAPTCHAs remains a popular scheme for
distinguishing between a legitimate human user and an
automated program. This article presents a novel
genetic text captcha solver based on the generative
adversarial network. As a departure from prior
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ikram:2020:MAC,
author = "Muhammad Ikram and Rahat Masood and Gareth Tyson and
Mohamed Ali Kaafar and Noha Loizon and Roya Ensafi",
title = "Measuring and Analysing the Chain of Implicit Trust: a
Study of Third-party Resources Loading",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:27",
month = may,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3380466",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed May 27 08:04:28 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3380466",
abstract = "The web is a tangled mass of interconnected services,
whereby websites import a range of external resources
from various third-party domains. The latter can also
load further resources hosted on other domains. For
each website, this creates a dependency \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Naor:2020:SLU,
author = "Moni Naor and Lior Rotem and Gil Segev",
title = "The Security of Lazy Users in Out-of-Band
Authentication",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:32",
month = may,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3377849",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed May 27 08:04:28 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3377849",
abstract = "Faced with the threats posed by man-in-the-middle
attacks, messaging platforms rely on ``out-of-band''
authentication, assuming that users have access to an
external channel for authenticating one short value.
For example, assuming that users recognizing \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Parker:2020:BIB,
author = "James Parker and Michael Hicks and Andrew Ruef and
Michelle L. Mazurek and Dave Levin and Daniel Votipka
and Piotr Mardziel and Kelsey R. Fulton",
title = "Build It, Break It, Fix It: Contesting Secure
Development",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:36",
month = may,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3383773",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed May 27 08:04:28 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3383773",
abstract = "Typical security contests focus on breaking or
mitigating the impact of buggy systems. We present the
Build-it, Break-it, Fix-it (BIBIFI) contest, which aims
to assess the ability to securely build software, not
just break it. In BIBIFI, teams build \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Anwar:2020:CFC,
author = "Fatima M. Anwar and Mani Srivastava",
title = "A Case for Feedforward Control with Feedback Trim to
Mitigate Time Transfer Attacks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:25",
month = may,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3382503",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Wed May 27 08:04:28 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3382503",
abstract = "We propose a new clock synchronization architecture
for systems under time transfer attacks. Facilitated by
a feedforward control with feedback trim-based clock
adjustment, coupled with packet filtering and frequency
shaping techniques, our proposed \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Boshrooyeh:2020:PPP,
author = "Sanaz Taheri Boshrooyeh and Alptekin
K{\"u}p{\c{c}}{\"u} and {\"O}znur {\"O}zkasap",
title = "{Privado}: Privacy-preserving Group-based Advertising
Using Multiple Independent Social Network Providers",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "3",
pages = "12:1--12:36",
month = jul,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3386154",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 10 09:15:30 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3386154",
abstract = "Online Social Networks (OSNs) offer free storage and
social networking services through which users can
communicate personal information with one another. The
personal information of the users collected by the OSN
provider comes with privacy problems \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Sciarretta:2020:FAM,
author = "Giada Sciarretta and Roberto Carbone and Silvio Ranise
and Luca Vigan{\`o}",
title = "Formal Analysis of Mobile Multi-Factor Authentication
with Single Sign-On Login",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "3",
pages = "13:1--13:37",
month = jul,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3386685",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 10 09:15:30 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3386685",
abstract = "Over the last few years, there has been an almost
exponential increase in the number of mobile
applications that deal with sensitive data, such as
applications for e-commerce or health. When dealing
with sensitive data, classical authentication solutions
based on username-password pairs are not enough, and
multi-factor authentication solutions that combine two
or more authentication factors of different categories
are required instead. Even if several solutions are
currently used, their security analyses have been
performed informally or semiformally at best, and
without a reference model and a precise definition of
the multi-factor authentication property. This makes a
comparison among the different solutions both complex
and potentially misleading. In this article, we first
present the design of two reference models for native
applications based on the requirements of two
real-world use-case scenarios. Common features between
them are the use of one-time password approaches and
the support of a single sign-on experience. Then, we
provide a formal specification of our threat model and
the security goals, and discuss the automated security
analysis that we performed. Our formal analysis
validates the security goals of the two reference
models we propose and provides an important building
block for the formal analysis of different multi-factor
authentication solutions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Antonioli:2020:KND,
author = "Daniele Antonioli and Nils Ole Tippenhauer and Kasper
Rasmussen",
title = "Key Negotiation Downgrade Attacks on {Bluetooth} and
{Bluetooth} Low Energy",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:28",
month = jul,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3394497",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 10 09:15:30 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3394497",
abstract = "Bluetooth (BR/EDR) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) are
pervasive wireless technologies specified in the
Bluetooth standard. The standard includes key
negotiation protocols used to generate long-term keys
(during pairing) and session keys (during secure
\ldots{}).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Shin:2020:SCW,
author = "Hocheol Shin and Juhwan Noh and Dohyun Kim and Yongdae
Kim",
title = "The System That Cried Wolf: Sensor Security Analysis
of Wide-area Smoke Detectors for Critical
Infrastructure",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:32",
month = jul,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3393926",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 10 09:15:30 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3393926",
abstract = "Fire alarm and signaling systems are a networked
system of fire detectors, fire control units, automated
fire extinguishers, and fire notification appliances.
Malfunction of these safety-critical cyber-physical
systems may lead to chaotic evacuations, \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Hurley-Smith:2020:QLC,
author = "Darren Hurley-Smith and Julio Hernandez-Castro",
title = "Quantum Leap and Crash: Searching and Finding Bias in
Quantum Random Number Generators",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "3",
pages = "16:1--16:25",
month = jul,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3398726",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jul 10 09:15:30 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/prng.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3398726",
abstract = "Random numbers are essential for cryptography and
scientific simulation. Generating truly random numbers
for cryptography can be a slow and expensive process.
Quantum physics offers a variety of promising solutions
to this challenge, proposing sources of entropy that
may be genuinely unpredictable, based on the inherent
randomness of certain physical phenomena. These
properties have been employed to design Quantum Random
Number Generators (QRNGs), some of which are
commercially available. In this work, we present the
first published analysis of the Quantis family of QRNGs
(excluding AIS-31 models), designed and manufactured by
ID Quantique (IDQ). Our study also includes Comscire's
PQ32MU QRNG, and two online services: the Australian
National University's (ANU) QRNG, and the Humboldt
Physik generator.\par
Each QRNG is analysed using five batteries of
statistical tests: Dieharder, National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) SP800-22, Ent, Tuftests
and TestU01, as part of our thorough examination of
their output. Our analysis highlights issues with
current certification schemes, which largely rely on
NIST SP800-22 and Diehard tests of randomness. We find
that more recent tests of randomness identify issues in
the output of QRNG, highlighting the need for mandatory
post-processing even for low-security usage of random
numbers sourced from QRNGs.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Nabeel:2020:FPD,
author = "Mohamed Nabeel and Issa M. Khalil and Bei Guan and
Ting Yu",
title = "Following Passive {DNS} Traces to Detect Stealthy
Malicious Domains Via Graph Inference",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "4",
pages = "17:1--17:36",
month = aug,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3401897",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 29 07:11:57 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3401897",
abstract = "Malicious domains, including phishing websites, spam
servers, and command and control servers, are the
reason for many of the cyber attacks nowadays. Thus,
detecting them in a timely manner is important to not
only identify cyber attacks but also take \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Rizvi:2020:EAG,
author = "Syed Zain Raza Rizvi and Philip W. L. Fong",
title = "Efficient Authorization of Graph-database Queries in
an Attribute-supporting {ReBAC} Model",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "4",
pages = "18:1--18:33",
month = aug,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3401027",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 29 07:11:57 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3401027",
abstract = "Neo4j is a popular graph database that offers two
versions: an enterprise edition and a community
edition. The enterprise edition offers customizable
Role-based Access Control features through custom
developed procedures, while the community edition
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Diamantaris:2020:SDS,
author = "Michalis Diamantaris and Francesco Marcantoni and
Sotiris Ioannidis and Jason Polakis",
title = "The Seven Deadly Sins of the {HTML5 WebAPI}: a
Large-scale Study on the Risks of Mobile Sensor-based
Attacks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "4",
pages = "19:1--19:31",
month = aug,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3403947",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 29 07:11:57 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3403947",
abstract = "Modern smartphone sensors can be leveraged for
providing novel functionality and greatly improving the
user experience. However, sensor data can be misused by
privacy-invasive or malicious entities. Additionally, a
wide range of other attacks that use \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Abrath:2020:CRN,
author = "Bert Abrath and Bart Coppens and Jens {Van Den Broeck}
and Brecht Wyseur and Alessandro Cabutto and Paolo
Falcarin and Bjorn {De Sutter}",
title = "Code Renewability for Native Software Protection",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "4",
pages = "20:1--20:31",
month = aug,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3404891",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 29 07:11:57 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3404891",
abstract = "Software protection aims at safeguarding assets
embedded in software by preventing and delaying reverse
engineering and tampering attacks. This article
presents an architecture and supporting tool flow to
renew parts of native applications dynamically.
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Samtani:2020:PIE,
author = "Sagar Samtani and Hongyi Zhu and Hsinchun Chen",
title = "Proactively Identifying Emerging Hacker Threats from
the {Dark Web}: a Diachronic Graph Embedding Framework
{(D-GEF)}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "4",
pages = "21:1--21:33",
month = aug,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3409289",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 29 07:11:57 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3409289",
abstract = "Cybersecurity experts have appraised the total global
cost of malicious hacking activities to be \$450
billion annually. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) has
emerged as a viable approach to combat this societal
issue. However, existing processes are \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Cho:2020:SUI,
author = "Geumhwan Cho and Jun Ho Huh and Soolin Kim and Junsung
Cho and Heesung Park and Yenah Lee and Konstantin
Beznosov and Hyoungshick Kim",
title = "On the Security and Usability Implications of
Providing Multiple Authentication Choices on
Smartphones: The More, the Better?",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "23",
number = "4",
pages = "22:1--22:32",
month = aug,
year = "2020",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3410155",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 29 07:11:57 MDT 2020",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3410155",
abstract = "The latest smartphones have started providing multiple
authentication options including PINs, patterns, and
passwords (knowledge based), as well as face,
fingerprint, iris, and voice identification
(biometric-based). In this article, we conducted two
user studies to investigate how the convenience and
security of unlocking phones are influenced by the
provision of multiple authentication options. In a
task-based user study with 52 participants, we analyze
how participants choose an option to unlock their
smartphone in daily life. The user study results
demonstrate that providing multiple biometric-based
authentication choices does not really influence
convenience, because fingerprint had monopolistic
dominance in the usage of unlock methods (111 of a
total of 115 unlock trials that used a biometric-based
authentication factor) due to users' habitual behavior
and fastness in unlocking phones. However, convenience
was influenced by the provision of both knowledge-based
and biometric-based authentication categories, as
biometric-based authentication options were used in
combination with knowledge-based authentication options
--- pattern was another frequently used unlock method.
Our findings were confirmed and generalized through a
follow-up survey with 327 participants. First,
knowledge-based and biometric-based authentication
options are used interchangeably. Second, providing
multiple authentication options for knowledge-based
authentication may influence convenience --- both PINs
(55.7\%) and patterns (39.2\%) are quite evenly used.
Last, in contrast to knowledge-based authentication,
providing multiple authentication choices for
biometric-based authentication has less influence on
choosing unlock options --- fingerprint scanner is the
most frequently used option (134 of 187 unlock methods
used among biometric-based authentication options).",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Zhao:2021:EBS,
author = "Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao and Hassan Jameel Asghar and
Mohamed Ali Kaafar and Francesca Trevisan and Haiyue
Yuan",
title = "Exploiting Behavioral Side Channels in Observation
Resilient Cognitive Authentication Schemes",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:33",
month = jan,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3414844",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:31 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3414844",
abstract = "Observation Resilient Authentication Schemes (ORAS)
are a class of shared secret challenge-response
identification schemes where a user mentally computes
the response via a cognitive function to authenticate
herself such that eavesdroppers cannot \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ahmed:2021:NPD,
author = "Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed and Aditya P. Mathur and
Mart{\'\i}n Ochoa",
title = "{NoiSense} Print: Detecting Data Integrity Attacks on
Sensor Measurements Using Hardware-based Fingerprints",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:35",
month = jan,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3410447",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:31 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3410447",
abstract = "Fingerprinting of various physical and logical devices
has been proposed for uniquely identifying users or
devices of mainstream IT systems such as PCs, laptops,
and smart phones. However, the application of such
techniques in Industrial Control Systems \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Alexopoulos:2021:TIM,
author = "Nikolaos Alexopoulos and Sheikh Mahbub Habib and
Steffen Schulz and Max M{\"u}hlh{\"a}user",
title = "The Tip of the Iceberg: On the Merits of Finding
Security Bugs",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:33",
month = jan,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3406112",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:31 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gnu.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3406112",
abstract = "In this article, we investigate a fundamental question
regarding software security: Is the security of SW
releases increasing over time? We approach this
question with a detailed analysis of the large body of
open-source software packaged in the popular Debian
GNU/Linux distribution. Contrary to common intuition,
we find no clear evidence that the vulnerability rate
of widely used software decreases over time: Even in
popular and ``stable'' releases, the fixing of bugs
does not seem to reduce the rate of newly identified
vulnerabilities. The intuitive conclusion is worrisome:
Commonly employed development and validation procedures
do not seem to scale with the increase of features and
complexity --- they are only chopping pieces off the
top of an iceberg of vulnerabilities.\par
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
investigation into the problem that studies a complete
distribution of software, spanning multiple versions.
Although we can not give a definitive answer, we show
that several popular beliefs also cannot be confirmed
given our dataset. We publish our Debian Vulnerability
Analysis Framework (DVAF), an automated dataset
creation and analysis process, to enable reproduction
and further analysis of our results. Overall, we hope
our contributions provide important insights into the
vulnerability discovery process and help in identifying
effective techniques for vulnerability analysis and
prevention.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Meylan:2021:SUC,
author = "Alexandre Meylan and Mauro Cherubini and Bertil
Chapuis and Mathias Humbert and Igor Bilogrevic and
K{\'e}vin Huguenin",
title = "A Study on the Use of Checksums for Integrity
Verification of {Web} Downloads",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:36",
month = jan,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3410154",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:31 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3410154",
abstract = "App stores provide access to millions of different
programs that users can download on their computers.
Developers can also make their programs available for
download on their websites and host the program files
either directly on their website or on \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Shreeve:2021:IMB,
author = "Benjamin Shreeve and Joseph Hallett and Matthew
Edwards and Pauline Anthonysamy and Sylvain Frey and
Awais Rashid",
title = "{``So if Mr Blue Head here clicks the link\ldots{}''}
Risk Thinking in Cyber Security Decision Making",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:29",
month = jan,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3419101",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:31 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3419101",
abstract = "Cyber security decision making is inherently
complicated, with nearly every decision having knock-on
consequences for an organisation's vulnerability and
exposure. This is further compounded by the fact that
decision-making actors are rarely security \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Hu:2021:ACD,
author = "Zhisheng Hu and Minghui Zhu and Peng Liu",
title = "Adaptive Cyber Defense Against Multi-Stage Attacks
Using Learning-Based {POMDP}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:25",
month = jan,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3418897",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:31 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3418897",
abstract = "Growing multi-stage attacks in computer networks
impose significant security risks and necessitate the
development of effective defense schemes that are able
to autonomously respond to intrusions during
vulnerability windows. However, the defender faces
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Papaevripides:2021:EMB,
author = "Michalis Papaevripides and Elias Athanasopoulos",
title = "Exploiting Mixed Binaries",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "2",
pages = "7:1--7:29",
month = feb,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3418898",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:32 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3418898",
abstract = "Unsafe programming systems are still very popular,
despite the shortcomings due to several published
memory-corruption vulnerabilities. Toward defending
memory corruption, compilers have started to employ
advanced software hardening such as Control-flow
Integrity (CFI) and SafeStack. However, there is a
broad interest for realizing compilers that impose
memory safety with no heavy runtime support (e.g.,
garbage collection). Representative examples of this
category are Rust and Go, which enforce memory safety
primarily statically at compile time.\par
Software hardening and Rust/Go are promising directions
for defending memory corruption, albeit combining the
two is questionable. In this article, we consider
hardened mixed binaries, i.e., machine code that has
been produced from different compilers and, in
particular, from hardened C/C++ and Rust/Go (e.g.,
Mozilla Firefox, Dropbox, npm, and Docker). Our
analysis is focused on Mozilla Firefox, which
outsources significant code to Rust and is open source
with known public vulnerabilities (with assigned CVE).
Furthermore, we extend our analysis in mixed binaries
that leverage Go, and we derive similar
results.\par
The attacks explored in this article do not exploit
Rust or Go binaries that depend on some legacy
(vulnerable) C/C++ code. In contrast, we explore how
Rust/Go compiled code can stand as a vehicle for
bypassing hardening in C/C++ code. In particular, we
discuss CFI and SafeStack, which are available in the
latest Clang. Our assessment concludes that CFI can be
completely nullified through Rust or Go code by
constructing much simpler attacks than state-of-the-art
CFI bypasses.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Cordero:2021:GNT,
author = "Carlos Garcia Cordero and Emmanouil Vasilomanolakis
and Aidmar Wainakh and Max M{\"u}hlh{\"a}user and Simin
Nadjm-Tehrani",
title = "On Generating Network Traffic Datasets with Synthetic
Attacks for Intrusion Detection",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:39",
month = feb,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3424155",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:32 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3424155",
abstract = "Most research in the field of network intrusion
detection heavily relies on datasets. Datasets in this
field, however, are scarce and difficult to reproduce.
To compare, evaluate, and test related work,
researchers usually need the same datasets or at
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Bhattacharjee:2021:ACE,
author = "Shameek Bhattacharjee and Venkata Praveen Kumar
Madhavarapu and Simone Silvestri and Sajal K. Das",
title = "Attack Context Embedded Data Driven Trust Diagnostics
in Smart Metering Infrastructure",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:36",
month = feb,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3426739",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:32 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3426739",
abstract = "Spurious power consumption data reported from
compromised meters controlled by organized adversaries
in the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) may have
drastic consequences on a smart grid's operations.
While existing research on data falsification
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Arceri:2021:ADC,
author = "Vincenzo Arceri and Isabella Mastroeni",
title = "Analyzing Dynamic Code: a Sound Abstract Interpreter
for Evil Eval",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:38",
month = feb,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3426470",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:32 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3426470",
abstract = "Dynamic languages, such as JavaScript, employ
string-to-code primitives to turn dynamically generated
text into executable code at run-time. These features
make standard static analysis extremely hard if not
impossible, because its essential data \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Botacin:2021:OSD,
author = "Marcus Botacin and Hojjat Aghakhani and Stefano
Ortolani and Christopher Kruegel and Giovanni Vigna and
Daniela Oliveira and Paulo L{\'\i}cio {De Geus} and
Andr{\'e} Gr{\'e}gio",
title = "One Size Does Not Fit All: a Longitudinal Analysis of
{Brazilian} Financial Malware",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:31",
month = feb,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3429741",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:32 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3429741",
abstract = "Malware analysis is an essential task to understand
infection campaigns, the behavior of malicious codes,
and possible ways to mitigate threats. Malware analysis
also allows better assessment of attackers'
capabilities, techniques, and processes. \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Wagner:2021:DSP,
author = "Isabel Wagner and Iryna Yevseyeva",
title = "Designing Strong Privacy Metrics Suites Using
Evolutionary Optimization",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "2",
pages = "12:1--12:35",
month = feb,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3439405",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:32 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3439405",
abstract = "The ability to measure privacy accurately and
consistently is key in the development of new privacy
protections. However, recent studies have uncovered
weaknesses in existing privacy metrics, as well as
weaknesses caused by the use of only a single
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Jacomme:2021:EFA,
author = "Charlie Jacomme and Steve Kremer",
title = "An Extensive Formal Analysis of Multi-factor
Authentication Protocols",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "2",
pages = "13:1--13:34",
month = feb,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3440712",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Feb 5 09:05:32 MST 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3440712",
abstract = "Passwords are still the most widespread means for
authenticating users, even though they have been shown
to create huge security problems. This motivated the
use of additional authentication mechanisms in
so-called multi-factor authentication protocols.
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Mohammady:2021:MVA,
author = "Meisam Mohammady and Momen Oqaily and Lingyu Wang and
Yuan Hong and Habib Louafi and Makan Pourzandi and
Mourad Debbabi",
title = "A Multi-view Approach to Preserve Privacy and Utility
in Network Trace Anonymization",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "14:1--14:36",
month = apr,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3439732",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 29 09:49:38 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3439732",
abstract = "As network security monitoring grows more
sophisticated, there is an increasing need for
outsourcing such tasks to third-party analysts.
However, organizations are usually reluctant to share
their network traces due to privacy concerns over
sensitive \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ami:2021:SMB,
author = "Amit Seal Ami and Kaushal Kafle and Kevin Moran and
Adwait Nadkarni and Denys Poshyvanyk",
title = "Systematic Mutation-Based Evaluation of the Soundness
of Security-Focused {Android} Static Analysis
Techniques",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "15:1--15:37",
month = apr,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3439802",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 29 09:49:38 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3439802",
abstract = "Mobile application security has been a major area of
focus for security research over the course of the last
decade. Numerous application analysis tools have been
proposed in response to malicious, curious, or
vulnerable apps. However, existing tools, \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Balliu:2021:FFC,
author = "Musard Balliu and Massimo Merro and Michele Pasqua and
Mikhail Shcherbakov",
title = "Friendly Fire: Cross-app Interactions in {IoT}
Platforms",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "16:1--16:40",
month = apr,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3444963",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 29 09:49:38 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3444963",
abstract = "IoT platforms enable users to connect various smart
devices and online services via reactive apps running
on the cloud. These apps, often developed by
third-parties, perform simple computations on data
triggered by external information sources and
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Jarecki:2021:TFP,
author = "Stanislaw Jarecki and Mohammed Jubur and Hugo Krawczyk
and Nitesh Saxena and Maliheh Shirvanian",
title = "Two-factor Password-authenticated Key Exchange with
End-to-end Security",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "17:1--17:37",
month = apr,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3446807",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 29 09:49:38 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3446807",
abstract = "We present a secure two-factor authentication (TFA)
scheme based on the user's possession of a password and
a crypto-capable device. Security is ``end-to-end'' in
the sense that the attacker can attack all parts of the
system, including all communication \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Cui:2021:PPD,
author = "Shujie Cui and Xiangfu Song and Muhammad Rizwan Asghar
and Steven D. Galbraith and Giovanni Russello",
title = "Privacy-preserving Dynamic Symmetric Searchable
Encryption with Controllable Leakage",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "18:1--18:35",
month = apr,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3446920",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 29 09:49:38 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3446920",
abstract = "Searchable Encryption (SE) is a technique that allows
Cloud Service Providers to search over encrypted
datasets without learning the content of queries and
records. In recent years, many SE schemes have been
proposed to protect outsourced data. However,
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Mayrhofer:2021:APS,
author = "Ren{\'e} Mayrhofer and Jeffrey {Vander Stoep} and Chad
Brubaker and Nick Kralevich",
title = "The {Android} Platform Security Model",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "19:1--19:35",
month = apr,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3448609",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 29 09:49:38 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448609",
abstract = "Android is the most widely deployed end-user focused
operating system. With its growing set of use cases
encompassing communication, navigation, media
consumption, entertainment, finance, health, and access
to sensors, actuators, cameras, or microphones,.
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Veras:2021:LSA,
author = "Rafael Veras and Christopher Collins and Julie
Thorpe",
title = "A Large-Scale Analysis of the Semantic Password Model
and Linguistic Patterns in Passwords",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "20:1--20:21",
month = apr,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3448608",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Apr 29 09:49:38 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448608",
abstract = "In this article, we present a thorough evaluation of
semantic password grammars. We report multifactorial
experiments that test the impact of sample size,
probability smoothing, and linguistic information on
password cracking. The semantic grammars are \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Abuhamad:2021:LSR,
author = "Mohammed Abuhamad and Tamer Abuhmed and David Mohaisen
and Daehun Nyang",
title = "Large-scale and Robust Code Authorship Identification
with Deep Feature Learning",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "23:1--23:35",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3461666",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3461666",
abstract = "Successful software authorship de-anonymization has
both software forensics applications and privacy
implications. However, the process requires an
efficient extraction of authorship attributes. The
extraction of such attributes is very challenging, due
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "23",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Acar:2021:LPA,
author = "Abbas Acar and Shoukat Ali and Koray Karabina and
Cengiz Kaygusuz and Hidayet Aksu and Kemal Akkaya and
Selcuk Uluagac",
title = "A Lightweight {Privacy-Aware Continuous Authentication
Protocol} --- {PACA}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "24:1--24:28",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3464690",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3464690",
abstract = "As many vulnerabilities of one-time authentication
systems have already been uncovered, there is a growing
need and trend to adopt continuous authentication
systems. Biometrics provides an excellent means for
periodic verification of the authenticated \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "24",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Salem:2021:MAA,
author = "Aleieldin Salem and Sebastian Banescu and Alexander
Pretschner",
title = "\pkg{Maat}: Automatically Analyzing {VirusTotal} for
Accurate Labeling and Effective Malware Detection",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "25:1--25:35",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3465361",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3465361",
abstract = "The malware analysis and detection research community
relies on the online platform VirusTotal to label
Android apps based on the scan results of around 60
antiviral scanners. Unfortunately, there are no
standards on how to best interpret the scan \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "25",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Cheng:2021:ETD,
author = "Long Cheng and Salman Ahmed and Hans Liljestrand and
Thomas Nyman and Haipeng Cai and Trent Jaeger and N.
Asokan and Danfeng (Daphne) Yao",
title = "Exploitation Techniques for Data-oriented Attacks with
Existing and Potential Defense Approaches",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "26:1--26:36",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3462699",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3462699",
abstract = "Data-oriented attacks manipulate non-control data to
alter a program's benign behavior without violating its
control-flow integrity. It has been shown that such
attacks can cause significant damage even in the
presence of control-flow defense \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "26",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Demetrio:2021:AES,
author = "Luca Demetrio and Scott E. Coull and Battista Biggio
and Giovanni Lagorio and Alessandro Armando and Fabio
Roli",
title = "Adversarial {EXEmples}: a Survey and Experimental
Evaluation of Practical Attacks on Machine Learning for
{Windows} Malware Detection",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "27:1--27:31",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3473039",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3473039",
abstract = "Recent work has shown that adversarial Windows malware
samples-referred to as adversarial EXE mples in this
article-can bypass machine learning-based detection
relying on static code analysis by perturbing
relatively few input bytes. To preserve \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "27",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Maqsood:2021:DDE,
author = "Sana Maqsood and Sonia Chiasson",
title = "Design, Development, and Evaluation of a
Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Digital Literacy Game for
Tweens",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "28:1--28:37",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3469821",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3469821",
abstract = "Tweens are avid users of digital media, which exposes
them to various online threats. Teachers are primarily
expected to teach children safe online behaviours,
despite not necessarily having the required training or
classroom tools to support this \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "28",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Helble:2021:FMR,
author = "Sarah C. Helble and Ian D. Kretz and Peter A. Loscocco
and John D. Ramsdell and Paul D. Rowe and Perry
Alexander",
title = "Flexible Mechanisms for Remote Attestation",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "29:1--29:23",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3470535",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3470535",
abstract = "Remote attestation consists of generating evidence of
a system's integrity via measurements and reporting the
evidence to a remote party for appraisal in a form that
can be trusted. The parties that exchange information
must agree on formats and \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "29",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Markert:2021:SSU,
author = "Philipp Markert and Daniel V. Bailey and Maximilian
Golla and Markus D{\"u}rmuth and Adam J. Aviv",
title = "On the Security of Smartphone Unlock {PINs}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "30:1--30:36",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3473040",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3473040",
abstract = "In this article, we provide the first comprehensive
study of user-chosen four- and six-digit PINs ($ n =
1705 $) collected on smartphones with participants
being explicitly primed for device unlocking. We find
that against a throttled attacker (with 10, 30, or 100
guesses, matching the smartphone unlock setting), using
six-digit PINs instead of four-digit PINs provides
little to no increase in security and surprisingly may
even decrease security. We also study the effects of
blocklists, where a set of ``easy to guess'' PINs is
disallowed during selection. Two such blocklists are in
use today by iOS, for four digits (274 PINs) as well as
six digits (2,910 PINs). We extracted both blocklists
and compared them with six other blocklists, three for
each PIN length. In each case, we had a small
(four-digit: 27 PINs; six-digit: 29 PINs), a large
(four-digit: 2,740 PINs; six-digit: 291,000 PINs), and
a placebo blocklist that always excluded the
first-choice PIN. For four-digit PINs, we find that the
relatively small blocklist in use today by iOS offers
little to no benefit against a throttled guessing
attack. Security gains are only observed when the
blocklist is much larger. In the six-digit case, we
were able to reach a similar security level with a
smaller blocklist. As the user frustration increases
with the blocklists size, developers should employ a
blocklist that is as small as possible while ensuring
the desired security.Based on our analysis, we
recommend that for four-digit PINs a blocklist should
contain the 1,000 most popular PINs to provide the best
balance between usability and security and for
six-digit PINs the 2,000 most popular PINs should be
blocked.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "30",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Birnbach:2021:PRW,
author = "Simon Birnbach and Richard Baker and Simon Eberz and
Ivan Martinovic",
title = "{{\#PrettyFlyForAWiFi}}: Real-world Detection of
Privacy Invasion Attacks by Drones",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "24",
number = "4",
pages = "31:1--31:34",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3473672",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Oct 1 08:22:18 MDT 2021",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3473672",
abstract = "Drones are becoming increasingly popular for hobbyists
and recreational use. But with this surge in popularity
comes increased risk to privacy as the technology makes
it easy to spy on people in otherwise-private
environments, such as an individual's \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "31",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Savvides:2022:CCB,
author = "Savvas Savvides and Seema Kumar and Julian James
Stephen and Patrick Eugster",
title = "{C3PO}: Cloud-based Confidentiality-preserving
Continuous Query Processing",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:36",
month = feb,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3472717",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jan 7 07:47:52 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3472717",
abstract = "With the advent of the Internet of things (IoT),
billions of devices are expected to continuously
collect and process sensitive data (e.g., location,
personal health factors). Due to the limited
computational capacity available on IoT devices, the
current \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Berlato:2022:FMA,
author = "Stefano Berlato and Roberto Carbone and Adam J. Lee
and Silvio Ranise",
title = "Formal Modelling and Automated Trade-off Analysis of
Enforcement Architectures for Cryptographic Access
Control in the Cloud",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:37",
month = feb,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3474056",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jan 7 07:47:52 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3474056",
abstract = "To facilitate the adoption of cloud by organizations,
Cryptographic Access Control (CAC) is the obvious
solution to control data sharing among users while
preventing partially trusted Cloud Service Providers
(CSP) from accessing sensitive data. Indeed, \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Alper:2022:OEM,
author = "Handan Kilin{\c{c}} Alper and Alptek{\.\i}n
K{\"u}p{\c{c}}{\"u}",
title = "Optimally Efficient Multi-party Fair Exchange and Fair
Secure Multi-party Computation",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:34",
month = feb,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3477530",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jan 7 07:47:52 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3477530",
abstract = "Multi-party fair exchange (MFE) and fair secure
multi-party computation (fair SMPC) are under-studied
fields of research, with practical importance. In
particular, we consider MFE scenarios where at the end
of the protocol, either every participant \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Qin:2022:VUF,
author = "Le Qin and Fei Peng and Min Long and Raghavendra
Ramachandra and Christoph Busch",
title = "Vulnerabilities of Unattended Face Verification
Systems to Facial Components-based Presentation
Attacks: an Empirical Study",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:28",
month = feb,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3491199",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jan 7 07:47:52 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491199",
abstract = "As face presentation attacks (PAs) are realistic
threats for unattended face verification systems, face
presentation attack detection (PAD) has been
intensively investigated in past years, and the recent
advances in face PAD have significantly reduced the
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Bazai:2022:NHA,
author = "Sibghat Ullah Bazai and Julian Jang-Jaccard and Hooman
Alavizadeh",
title = "A Novel Hybrid Approach for Multi-Dimensional Data
Anonymization for {Apache Spark}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:25",
month = feb,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3484945",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jan 7 07:47:52 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3484945",
abstract = "Multi-dimensional data anonymization approaches (e.g.,
Mondrian) ensure more fine-grained data privacy by
providing a different anonymization strategy applied
for each attribute. Many variations of
multi-dimensional anonymization have been implemented
on \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Pagani:2022:ATA,
author = "Fabio Pagani and Davide Balzarotti",
title = "{AutoProfile}: Towards Automated Profile Generation
for Memory Analysis",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:26",
month = feb,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3485471",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jan 7 07:47:52 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3485471",
abstract = "Despite a considerable number of approaches that have
been proposed to protect computer systems,
cyber-criminal activities are on the rise and forensic
analysis of compromised machines and seized devices is
becoming essential in computer security. \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Perillo:2022:SSE,
author = "Angelo Massimo Perillo and Giuseppe Persiano and
Alberto Trombetta",
title = "Secure Selections on Encrypted Multi-writer Streams",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "1",
pages = "7:1--7:33",
month = feb,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3485470",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jan 7 07:47:52 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3485470",
abstract = "Performing searches over encrypted data is a very
current and active area. Several efficient solutions
have been provided for the single-writer scenario in
which all sensitive data originate with one party (the
Data Owner ) that encrypts and uploads the \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Braun:2022:MFM,
author = "Lennart Braun and Daniel Demmler and Thomas Schneider
and Oleksandr Tkachenko",
title = "{MOTION} --- A Framework for Mixed-Protocol
Multi-Party Computation",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "2",
pages = "8:1--8:35",
month = may,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3490390",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 2 07:50:27 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3490390",
abstract = "We present MOTION, an efficient and generic
open-source framework for mixed-protocol secure
multi-party computation (MPC). MOTION is built in a
user-friendly, modular, and extensible way, intended to
be used as a tool in MPC research and to increase
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Botacin:2022:TSC,
author = "Marcus Botacin and Francis B. Moreira and Philippe O.
A. Navaux and Andr{\'e} Gr{\'e}gio and Marco A. Z.
Alves",
title = "{Terminator}: a Secure Coprocessor to Accelerate
Real-Time {AntiViruses} Using Inspection Breakpoints",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "2",
pages = "9:1--9:34",
month = may,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3494535",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 2 07:50:27 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3494535",
abstract = "AntiViruses (AVs) are essential to face the myriad of
malware threatening Internet users. AVs operate in two
modes: on-demand checks and real-time verification.
Software-based real-time AVs intercept system and
function calls to execute AV's inspection \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Wang:2022:CPA,
author = "Xueou Wang and Xiaolu Hou and Ruben Rios and Nils Ole
Tippenhauer and Mart{\'\i}n Ochoa",
title = "Constrained Proximity Attacks on Mobile Targets",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "2",
pages = "10:1--10:29",
month = may,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3498543",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 2 07:50:27 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3498543",
abstract = "Proximity attacks allow an adversary to uncover the
location of a victim by repeatedly issuing queries with
fake location data. These attacks have been mostly
studied in scenarios where victims remain static and
there are no constraints that limit the \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Debant:2022:NYF,
author = "Alexandre Debant and St{\'e}phanie Delaune and Cyrille
Wiedling",
title = "So Near and Yet So Far --- Symbolic Verification of
Distance-Bounding Protocols",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:39",
month = may,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3501402",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 2 07:50:27 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3501402",
abstract = "The continuous adoption of Near Field Communication
(NFC) tags offers many new applications whose security
is essential (e.g., contactless payments). In order to
prevent flaws and attacks, we develop in this article a
framework allowing us to analyse the \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Zolotavkin:2022:IUA,
author = "Yevhen Zolotavkin and Jongkil Jay Jeong and Veronika
Kuchta and Maksym Slavnenko and Robin Doss",
title = "Improving Unlinkability of Attribute-based
Authentication through Game Theory",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "2",
pages = "12:1--12:36",
month = may,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3501260",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 2 07:50:27 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3501260",
abstract = "This article first formalizes the problem of
unlinkable attribute-based authentication in the system
where each user possesses multiple assertions and uses
them interchangeably. Currently, there are no
recommendations for optimal usage of assertions in
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Daoudi:2022:DDI,
author = "Nadia Daoudi and Kevin Allix and Tegawend{\'e}
Fran{\c{c}}ois Bissyand{\'e} and Jacques Klein",
title = "A Deep Dive Inside {DREBIN}: an Explorative Analysis
beyond {Android} Malware Detection Scores",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "2",
pages = "13:1--13:28",
month = may,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3503463",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 2 07:50:27 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3503463",
abstract = "Machine learning advances have been extensively
explored for implementing large-scale malware
detection. When reported in the literature, performance
evaluation of machine learning based detectors
generally focuses on highlighting the ratio of samples
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Oser:2022:RPI,
author = "Pascal Oser and Rens W. van der Heijden and Stefan
L{\"u}ders and Frank Kargl",
title = "Risk Prediction of {IoT} Devices Based on
Vulnerability Analysis",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "2",
pages = "14:1--14:36",
month = may,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3510360",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 2 07:50:27 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3510360",
abstract = "Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming more
widespread not only in areas such as smart homes and
smart cities but also in research and office
environments. The sheer number, heterogeneity, and
limited patch availability provide significant ...
$^$",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Briseno:2022:IUI,
author = "Julian de Gortari Briseno and Akash Deep Singh and
Mani Srivastava",
title = "{InkFiltration}: Using Inkjet Printers for Acoustic
Data Exfiltration from Air-Gapped Networks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "2",
pages = "15:1--15:26",
month = may,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3510583",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Jul 2 07:50:27 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3510583",
abstract = "Printers have become ubiquitous in modern office
spaces, and their placement in these spaces been guided
more by accessibility than security. Due to the
proximity of printers to places with potentially
high-stakes information, the possible misuse of these
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Clifton:2022:DPN,
author = "Chris Clifton and Eric J. Hanson and Keith Merrill and
Shawn Merrill",
title = "Differentially Private $k$-Nearest Neighbor Missing
Data Imputation",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "16:1--16:23",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3507952",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3507952",
abstract = "Using techniques employing smooth sensitivity, we
develop a method for \( k \)-nearest neighbor missing
data imputation with differential privacy. This
requires bounding the number of data incomplete tuples
that can have their data complete ``donor'' \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Chen:2022:SMA,
author = "Yuxuan Chen and Jiangshan Zhang and Xuejing Yuan and
Shengzhi Zhang and Kai Chen and Xiaofeng Wang and
Shanqing Guo",
title = "{SoK}: a Modularized Approach to Study the Security of
Automatic Speech Recognition Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "17:1--17:31",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3510582",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3510582",
abstract = "With the wide use of Automatic Speech Recognition
(ASR) in applications such as human machine
interaction, simultaneous interpretation, audio
transcription, and so on, its security protection
becomes increasingly important. Although recent studies
have \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Landauer:2022:DSA,
author = "Max Landauer and Florian Skopik and Markus
Wurzenberger and Andreas Rauber",
title = "Dealing with Security Alert Flooding: Using Machine
Learning for Domain-independent Alert Aggregation",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "18:1--18:36",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3510581",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3510581",
abstract = "Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) secure all kinds of
IT infrastructures through automatic detection of
malicious activities. Unfortunately, they are known to
produce large numbers of alerts that often become
overwhelming for manual analysis. Therefore, \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Martins:2022:GQT,
author = "Cl{\'a}udio Martins and Ib{\'e}ria Medeiros",
title = "Generating Quality Threat Intelligence Leveraging
{OSINT} and a Cyber Threat Unified Taxonomy",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "19:1--19:39",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3530977",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3530977",
abstract = "Today's threats use multiple means of propagation,
such as social engineering, email, and application
vulnerabilities, and often operate in different phases,
such as single device compromise, lateral network
movement, and data exfiltration. These complex
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Alvim:2022:ILG,
author = "M{\'a}rio S. Alvim and Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis
and Yusuke Kawamoto and Catuscia Palamidessi",
title = "Information Leakage Games: Exploring Information as a
Utility Function",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "20:1--20:36",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3517330",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517330",
abstract = "A common goal in the areas of secure information flow
and privacy is to build effective defenses against
unwanted leakage of information. To this end, one must
be able to reason about potential attacks and their
interplay with possible defenses. In this \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Fischer:2022:CED,
author = "Andreas Fischer and Benny Fuhry and J{\"o}rn
Ku{\ss}maul and Jonas Janneck and Florian Kerschbaum
and Eric Bodden",
title = "Computation on Encrypted Data Using Dataflow
Authentication",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "21:1--21:36",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3513005",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3513005",
abstract = "Encrypting data before sending it to the cloud ensures
data confidentiality but requires the cloud to compute
on encrypted data. Trusted execution environments, such
as Intel SGX enclaves, promise to provide a secure
environment in which data can be \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Iyer:2022:LRB,
author = "Padmavathi Iyer and Amirreza Masoumzadeh",
title = "Learning Relationship-Based Access Control Policies
from Black-Box Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "22:1--22:36",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3517121",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517121",
abstract = "Access control policies are crucial in securing data
in information systems. Unfortunately, often times,
such policies are poorly documented, and gaps between
their specification and implementation prevent the
system users, and even its developers, from \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Qian:2022:MMT,
author = "Yaguan Qian and Yankai Guo and Qiqi Shao and Jiamin
Wang and Bin Wang and Zhaoquan Gu and Xiang Ling and
Chunming Wu",
title = "{EI-MTD}: Moving Target Defense for Edge Intelligence
against Adversarial Attacks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "23:1--23:24",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3517806",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517806",
abstract = "Edge intelligence has played an important role in
constructing smart cities, but the vulnerability of
edge nodes to adversarial attacks becomes an urgent
problem. A so-called adversarial example can fool a
deep learning model on an edge node for \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "23",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Akavia:2022:PPD,
author = "Adi Akavia and Max Leibovich and Yehezkel S. Resheff
and Roey Ron and Moni Shahar and Margarita Vald",
title = "Privacy-Preserving Decision Trees Training and
Prediction",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "3",
pages = "24:1--24:30",
month = aug,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3517197",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Jul 25 09:49:14 MDT 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517197",
abstract = "In the era of cloud computing and machine learning,
data has become a highly valuable resource. Recent
history has shown that the benefits brought forth by
this data driven culture come at a cost of potential
data leakage. Such breaches have a devastating ...
$^$",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "24",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Fenske:2022:APS,
author = "Ellis Fenske and Akshaya Mani and Aaron Johnson and
Micah Sherr",
title = "Accountable Private Set Cardinality for Distributed
Measurement",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "25:1--25:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3477531",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3477531",
abstract = "We introduce cryptographic protocols for securely and
efficiently computing the cardinality of set union and
set intersection. Our private set-cardinality protocols
(PSC) are designed for the setting in which a large set
of parties in a distributed system \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "25",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Lehman:2022:HPS,
author = "Sarah M. Lehman and Abrar S. Alrumayh and Kunal Kolhe
and Haibin Ling and Chiu C. Tan",
title = "Hidden in Plain Sight: Exploring Privacy Risks of
Mobile Augmented Reality Applications",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "26:1--26:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3524020",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3524020",
abstract = "Mobile augmented reality systems are becoming
increasingly common and powerful, with applications in
such domains as healthcare, manufacturing, education,
and more. This rise in popularity is thanks in part to
the functionalities offered by commercially \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "26",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Oliveri:2022:LMM,
author = "Andrea Oliveri and Davide Balzarotti",
title = "In the Land of {MMUs}: Multiarchitecture {OS}-Agnostic
Virtual Memory Forensics",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "27:1--27:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3528102",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3528102",
abstract = "The first step required to perform any analysis of a
physical memory image is the reconstruction of the
virtual address spaces, which allows translating
virtual addresses to their corresponding physical
offsets. However, this phase is often overlooked,
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "27",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Crampton:2022:VAP,
author = "Jason Crampton and Eduard Eiben and Gregory Gutin and
Daniel Karapetyan and Diptapriyo Majumdar",
title = "Valued Authorization Policy Existence Problem: Theory
and Experiments",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "28:1--28:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3528101",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3528101",
abstract = "Recent work has shown that many problems of
satisfiability and resiliency in workflows may be
viewed as special cases of the authorization policy
existence problem (APEP), which returns an
authorization policy if one exists and ``No''
otherwise. However, in \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "28",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Idan:2022:PFP,
author = "Lihi Idan and Joan Feigenbaum",
title = "{PRShare}: a Framework for Privacy-preserving,
Interorganizational Data Sharing",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "29:1--29:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3531225",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3531225",
abstract = "We consider the task of interorganizational data
sharing, in which data owners, data clients, and data
subjects have different and sometimes competing privacy
concerns. One real-world scenario in which this problem
arises concerns law-enforcement use of \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "29",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Stojmenovic:2022:WBS,
author = "Milica Stojmenovi{\'c} and Eric Spero and Milos
Stojmenovi{\'c} and Robert Biddle",
title = "What is Beautiful is Secure",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "30:1--30:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3533047",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3533047",
abstract = "Visual appeal has been shown to influence perceptions
of usability and credibility, and we hypothesize that
something similar is happening with user judgments of
website security: What is beautiful is secure. Web
certificates provide reliable information \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "30",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Nussbaum:2022:PAQ,
author = "Eyal Nussbaum and Michael Segal",
title = "Privacy Analysis of Query-Set-Size Control",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "31:1--31:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3532774",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3532774",
abstract = "The publication of user data for statistical analysis
and research can be extremely beneficial for both
academic and commercial uses, such as statistical
research and recommendation systems. To maintain user
privacy when such a publication occurs many \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "31",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Cui:2022:DBT,
author = "Jinhua Cui and Shweta Shinde and Satyaki Sen and
Prateek Saxena and Pinghai Yuan",
title = "Dynamic Binary Translation for {SGX} Enclaves",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "32:1--32:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3532862",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3532862",
abstract = "Enclaves, such as those enabled by Intel SGX, offer a
hardware primitive for shielding user-level
applications from the OS. While enclaves are a useful
starting point, code running in the enclave requires
additional checks whenever control or data is
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "32",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Blair:2022:HDT,
author = "William Blair and Andrea Mambretti and Sajjad Arshad
and Michael Weissbacher and William Robertson and Engin
Kirda and Manuel Egele",
title = "{HotFuzz}: Discovering Temporal and Spatial
Denial-of-Service Vulnerabilities Through Guided
Micro-Fuzzing",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "33:1--33:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3532184",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3532184",
abstract = "Fuzz testing repeatedly assails software with random
inputs in order to trigger unexpected program
behaviors, such as crashes or timeouts, and has
historically revealed serious security vulnerabilities.
In this article, we present HotFuzz, a framework for
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "33",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Chernikova:2022:FFE,
author = "Alesia Chernikova and Alina Oprea",
title = "{FENCE}: Feasible Evasion Attacks on Neural Networks
in Constrained Environments",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "25",
number = "4",
pages = "34:1--34:??",
month = nov,
year = "2022",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3544746",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544746",
abstract = "As advances in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrate
unprecedented levels of performance in many critical
applications, their vulnerability to attacks is still
an open question. We consider evasion attacks at
testing time against Deep Learning in \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "34",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Zhang:2023:DPR,
author = "Xueru Zhang and Mohammad Mahdi Khalili and Mingyan
Liu",
title = "Differentially Private Real-Time Release of Sequential
Data",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3544837",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544837",
abstract = "Many data analytics applications rely on temporal
data, generated (and possibly acquired) sequentially
for online analysis. How to release this type of data
in a privacy-preserving manner is of great interest and
more challenging than releasing one-time, \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Hagen:2023:CDM,
author = "Christoph Hagen and Christian Weinert and Christoph
Sendner and Alexandra Dmitrienko and Thomas Schneider",
title = "Contact Discovery in Mobile Messengers: Low-cost
Attacks, Quantitative Analyses, and Efficient
Mitigations",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3546191",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3546191",
abstract = "Contact discovery allows users of mobile messengers to
conveniently connect with people in their address book.
In this work, we demonstrate that severe privacy issues
exist in currently deployed contact discovery methods
and propose suitable mitigations. \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Khan:2023:SAC,
author = "Shaharyar Khan and Ilya Kabanov and Yunke Hua and
Stuart Madnick",
title = "A Systematic Analysis of the Capital One Data Breach:
Critical Lessons Learned",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3546068",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3546068",
abstract = "The 2019 Capital One data breach was one of the
largest data breaches impacting the privacy and
security of personal information of over a 100 million
individuals. In most reports about a cyberattack, you
will often hear that it succeeded because a single
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Lanotte:2023:ICS,
author = "Ruggero Lanotte and Massimo Merro and Andrei
Munteanu",
title = "Industrial Control Systems Security via Runtime
Enforcement",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3546579",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3546579",
abstract = "With the advent of Industry 4.0, industrial facilities
and critical infrastructures are transforming into an
ecosystem of heterogeneous physical and cyber
components, such as programmable logic controllers,
increasingly interconnected and therefore \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ramokapane:2023:WUW,
author = "Kopo Marvin Ramokapane and Jose Such and Awais
Rashid",
title = "What Users Want From Cloud Deletion and the
Information They Need: a Participatory Action Study",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3546578",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3546578",
abstract = "Current cloud deletion mechanisms fall short in
meeting users' various deletion needs. They assume all
data is deleted the same way-data is temporally removed
(or hidden) from users' cloud accounts before being
completely deleted. This assumption neglects \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Wiefling:2023:PPS,
author = "Stephan Wiefling and Paul Ren{\'e} J{\o}rgensen and
Sigurd Thunem and Luigi {Lo Iacono}",
title = "Pump Up Password Security! {Evaluating} and Enhancing
Risk-Based Authentication on a Real-World Large-Scale
Online Service",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3546069",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3546069",
abstract = "Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users
against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA
monitors features during login, and requests
re-authentication when feature values widely differ
from those previously observed. It is recommended by
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Wang:2023:NCN,
author = "Huanran Wang and Wu Yang and Wei Wang and Dapeng Man
and Jiguang Lv",
title = "A Novel Cross-Network Embedding for Anchor Link
Prediction with Social Adversarial Attacks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3548685",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3548685",
abstract = "Anchor link prediction across social networks plays an
important role in multiple social network analysis.
Traditional methods rely heavily on user privacy
information or high-quality network topology
information. These methods are not suitable for
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Lembke:2023:SRN,
author = "James Lembke and Srivatsan Ravi and Pierre-Louis Roman
and Patrick Eugster",
title = "Secure and Reliable Network Updates",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3556542",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3556542",
abstract = "Software-defined wide area networking (SD-WAN) enables
dynamic network policy control over a large distributed
network via network updates. To be practical, network
updates must be consistent (i.e., free of transient
errors caused by updates to multiple \ldots{})",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Choo:2023:DDD,
author = "Euijin Choo and Mohamed Nabeel and Mashael Alsabah and
Issa Khalil and Ting Yu and Wei Wang",
title = "{DeviceWatch}: a Data-Driven Network Analysis Approach
to Identifying Compromised Mobile Devices with
Graph-Inference",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3558767",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3558767",
abstract = "We propose to identify compromised mobile devices from
a network administrator's point of view. Intuitively,
inadvertent users (and thus their devices) who download
apps through untrustworthy markets are often lured to
install malicious apps through in-. \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Gil:2023:AFI,
author = "Gonzalo Gil and Aitor Arnaiz and Mariv{\'\i} Higuero
and Francisco Javier Diez",
title = "Assessment Framework for the Identification and
Evaluation of Main Features for Distributed Usage
Control Solutions",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "1",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = feb,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3561511",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 12 07:23:47 MST 2022",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3561511",
abstract = "Data exchange between organizations is becoming an
increasingly significant issue due to the great
opportunities it presents. However, there is great
reluctance to share if data sovereignty is not
provided. Providing it calls for not only access
control \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Daniel:2023:BRS,
author = "Lesly-Ann Daniel and S{\'e}bastien Bardin and Tamara
Rezk",
title = "{Binsec\slash Rel}: Symbolic Binary Analyzer for
Security with Applications to Constant-Time and
Secret-Erasure",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3563037",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563037",
abstract = "This article tackles the problem of designing
efficient binary-level verification for a subset of
information flow properties encompassing constant-time
and secret-erasure. These properties are crucial for
cryptographic implementations but are generally
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Alotaibi:2023:TIE,
author = "Norah Alotaibi and John Williamson and Mohamed
Khamis",
title = "{ThermoSecure}: Investigating the Effectiveness of
{AI}-Driven Thermal Attacks on Commonly Used Computer
Keyboards",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3563693",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563693",
abstract = "Thermal cameras can reveal heat traces on user
interfaces, such as keyboards. This can be exploited
maliciously to infer sensitive input, such as
passwords. While previous work considered thermal
attacks that rely on visual inspection of simple image
processing techniques, we show that attackers can
perform more effective artificial intelligence
(AI)-driven attacks. We demonstrate this by presenting
the development of ThermoSecure and its evaluation in
two user studies (N = 21, N = 16), which reveal novel
insights about thermal attacks. We detail the
implementation of ThermoSecure and make a dataset of
1,500 thermal images of keyboards with heat traces
resulting from input publicly available. Our first
study shows that ThermoSecure successfully attacks
6-symbol, 8-symbol, 12-symbol, and 16-symbol passwords
with an average accuracy of 92\%, 80\%, 71\%, and 55\%
respectively, and even higher accuracy when thermal
images are taken within 30 seconds. We found that
typing behavior significantly impacts vulnerability to
thermal attacks: hunt-and-peck typists are more
vulnerable than fast typists (92\% vs. 83\% thermal
attack success. respectively, if performed within 30
seconds). The second study showed that keycap material
has a statistically significant effect on the
effectiveness of thermal attacks: ABS keycaps retain
the thermal trace of user presses for a longer period
of time, making them more vulnerable to thermal
attacks, with a 52\% average attack accuracy compared
with 14\% for keyboards with PBT keycaps. Finally, we
discuss how systems can leverage our results to protect
from thermal attacks and present 7 mitigation
approaches that are based on our results and previous
work.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Barrera:2023:SBP,
author = "David Barrera and Christopher Bellman and Paul {Van
Oorschot}",
title = "Security Best Practices: a Critical Analysis Using
{IoT} as a Case Study",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3563392",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563392",
abstract = "Academic research has highlighted the failure of many
Internet of Things (IoT) product manufacturers to
follow accepted practices, while IoT security best
practices have recently attracted considerable
attention worldwide from industry and governments.
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Hoang:2023:TAA,
author = "Anh-Tu Hoang and Barbara Carminati and Elena Ferrari",
title = "Time-aware Anonymization of Knowledge Graphs",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3565026",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3565026",
abstract = "Knowledge graphs (KGs) play an essential role in data
sharing, because they can model both users' attributes
and their relationships. KGs can tailor many data
analyses, such as classification where a sensitive
attribute is selected and the analyst \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Otoni:2023:SAS,
author = "Rodrigo Otoni and Matteo Marescotti and Leonardo Alt
and Patrick Eugster and Antti Hyv{\"a}rinen and Natasha
Sharygina",
title = "A Solicitous Approach to Smart Contract Verification",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3564699",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3564699",
abstract = "Smart contracts are tempting targets of attacks, as
they often hold and manipulate significant financial
assets, are immutable after deployment, and have
publicly available source code, with assets estimated
in the order of millions of dollars being lost
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Dambra:2023:CSS,
author = "Savino Dambra and Leyla Bilge and Davide Balzarotti",
title = "A Comparison of Systemic and Systematic Risks of
Malware Encounters in Consumer and Enterprise
Environments",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3565362",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3565362",
abstract = "Malware is still a widespread problem, and it is used
by malicious actors to routinely compromise the
security of computer systems. Consumers typically rely
on a single AV product to detect and block possible
malware infections, while corporations often \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Bhuiyan:2023:LRC,
author = "Farzana Ahamed Bhuiyan and Akond Rahman",
title = "Log-related Coding Patterns to Conduct Postmortems of
Attacks in Supervised Learning-based Projects",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3568020",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3568020",
abstract = "Adversarial attacks against supervised learninga
algorithms, which necessitates the application of
logging while using supervised learning algorithms in
software projects. Logging enables practitioners to
conduct postmortem analysis, which can be helpful
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{DiTizio:2023:POD,
author = "Giorgio {Di Tizio} and Patrick Speicher and Milivoj
Simeonovski and Michael Backes and Ben Stock and Robert
K{\"u}nnemann",
title = "{Pareto}-optimal Defenses for the {Web}
Infrastructure: Theory and Practice",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3567595",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3567595",
abstract = "The integrity of the content a user is exposed to when
browsing the web relies on a plethora of non-web
technologies and an infrastructure of interdependent
hosts, communication technologies, and trust relations.
Incidents like the Chinese Great Cannon or \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Aloufi:2023:PPP,
author = "Ranya Aloufi and Hamed Haddadi and David Boyle",
title = "Paralinguistic Privacy Protection at the Edge",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3570161",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3570161",
abstract = "Voice user interfaces and digital assistants are
rapidly entering our lives and becoming singular touch
points spanning our devices. These always-on services
capture and transmit our audio data to powerful cloud
services for further processing and \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Engstrom:2023:ASA,
author = "Viktor Engstr{\"o}m and Pontus Johnson and Robert
Lagerstr{\"o}m and Erik Ringdahl and Max
W{\"a}llstedt",
title = "Automated Security Assessments of {Amazon Web}
Services Environments",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3570903",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3570903",
abstract = "Migrating enterprises and business capabilities to
cloud platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) has
become increasingly common. However, securing cloud
operations, especially at large scales, can quickly
become intractable. Customer-side issues such as
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Habib:2023:RSB,
author = "Sohail Habib and Hassan Khan and Andrew
Hamilton-Wright and Urs Hengartner",
title = "Revisiting the Security of Biometric Authentication
Systems Against Statistical Attacks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "21:1--21:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3571743",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3571743",
abstract = "The uniqueness of behavioral biometrics (e.g., voice
or keystroke patterns) has been challenged by recent
works. Statistical attacks have been proposed that
infer general population statistics and target
behavioral biometrics against a particular victim.
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Amro:2023:ACR,
author = "Ahmed Amro and Vasileios Gkioulos and Sokratis
Katsikas",
title = "Assessing Cyber Risk in Cyber-Physical Systems Using
the {ATT\&CK} Framework",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "2",
pages = "22:1--22:??",
month = may,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3571733",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Mon Apr 17 14:35:20 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3571733",
abstract = "Autonomous transport is receiving increasing
attention, with research and development activities
already providing prototype implementations. In this
article we focus on Autonomous Passenger Ships (APS),
which are being considered as a solution for \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article
{Hwang:2023:BSP,
author = "Seoyeon Hwang and Ercan Ozturk and Gene Tsudik",
title = "Balancing Security and Privacy in Genomic Range
Queries",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "23:1--23:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3575796",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3575796",
abstract = "Exciting recent advances in genome sequencing, coupled
with greatly reduced storage and computation costs,
make genomic testing increasingly accessible to
individuals. Already today, one's digitized DNA can be
easily obtained from a sequencing lab and \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "23",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Zhuo:2023:SHC,
author = "Sijie Zhuo and Robert Biddle and Yun Sing Koh and
Danielle Lottridge and Giovanni Russello",
title = "{SoK}: Human-centered Phishing Susceptibility",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "24:1--24:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3575797",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3575797",
abstract = "Phishing is recognized as a serious threat to
organizations and individuals. While there have been
significant technical advances in blocking phishing
attacks, end-users remain the last line of defence
after phishing emails reach their email inboxes. Most
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "24",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Hess:2023:SPC,
author = "Andreas V. Hess and Sebastian A. M{\"O}dersheim and
Achim D. Brucker",
title = "Stateful Protocol Composition in {Isabelle\slash
HOL}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "25:1--25:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3577020",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3577020",
abstract = "Communication networks like the Internet form a large
distributed system where a huge number of components
run in parallel, such as security protocols and
distributed web applications. For what concerns
security, it is obviously infeasible to verify them
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "25",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Arias-Cabarcos:2023:PUE,
author = "Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Matin Fallahi and Thilo
Habrich and Karen Schulze and Christian Becker and
Thorsten Strufe",
title = "Performance and Usability Evaluation of Brainwave
Authentication Techniques with Consumer Devices",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "26:1--26:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3579356",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579356",
abstract = "Brainwaves have demonstrated to be unique enough
across individuals to be useful as biometrics. They
also provide promising advantages over traditional
means of authentication, such as resistance to external
observability, revocability, and intrinsic \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "26",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Lachtar:2023:RVA,
author = "Nada Lachtar and Duha Ibdah and Hamza Khan and Anys
Bacha",
title = "{RansomShield}: a Visualization Approach to Defending
Mobile Systems Against Ransomware",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "27:1--27:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3579822",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579822",
abstract = "The unprecedented growth in mobile systems has
transformed the way we approach everyday computing.
Unfortunately, the emergence of a sophisticated type of
malware known as ransomware poses a great threat to
consumers of this technology. Traditional \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "27",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Li:2023:VEB,
author = "Litao Li and Steven H. H. Ding and Yuan Tian and
Benjamin C. M. Fung and Philippe Charland and Weihan Ou
and Leo Song and Congwei Chen",
title = "{VulANalyzeR}: Explainable Binary Vulnerability
Detection with Multi-task Learning and Attentional
Graph Convolution",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "28:1--28:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3585386",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3585386",
abstract = "Software vulnerabilities have been posing tremendous
reliability threats to the general public as well as
critical infrastructures, and there have been many
studies aiming to detect and mitigate software defects
at the binary level. Most of the standard \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "28",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Alex:2023:EES,
author = "Sona Alex and Dhanaraj K. J. and Deepthi P. P.",
title = "Energy Efficient and Secure Neural Network-based
Disease Detection Framework for Mobile Healthcare
Network",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "29:1--29:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3585536",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3585536",
abstract = "Adopting mobile healthcare network (MHN) services such
as disease detection is fraught with concerns about the
security and privacy of the entities involved and the
resource restrictions at the Internet of Things (IoT)
nodes. Hence, the essential \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "29",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Murray:2023:CBA,
author = "Hazel Murray and David Malone",
title = "Costs and Benefits of Authentication Advice",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "30:1--30:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3588031",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3588031",
abstract = "Authentication security advice is given with the goal
of guiding users and organisations towards secure
actions and practices. In this article, a taxonomy of
270 pieces of authentication advice is created, and a
survey is conducted to gather information \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "30",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Bolton:2023:PTR,
author = "Tom Bolton and Tooska Dargahi and Sana Belguith and
Carsten Maple",
title = "{PrivExtractor}: Toward Redressing the Imbalance of
Understanding between Virtual Assistant Users and
Vendors",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "31:1--31:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3588770",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3588770",
abstract = "The use of voice-controlled virtual assistants (VAs)
is significant, and user numbers increase every year.
Extensive use of VAs has provided the large, cash-rich
technology companies who sell them with another way of
consuming users' data, providing a \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "31",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Wagner:2023:PPA,
author = "Isabel Wagner",
title = "Privacy Policies across the Ages: Content of Privacy
Policies 1996--2021",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "32:1--32:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3590152",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3590152",
abstract = "It is well known that most users do not read privacy
policies but almost always tick the box to agree with
them. While the length and readability of privacy
policies have been well studied and many approaches for
policy analysis based on natural language \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "32",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Lu:2023:PPD,
author = "Yang Lu and Zhengxin Yu and Neeraj Suri",
title = "Privacy-preserving Decentralized Federated Learning
over Time-varying Communication Graph",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "33:1--33:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3591354",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3591354",
abstract = "Establishing how a set of learners can provide
privacy-preserving federated learning in a fully
decentralized (peer-to-peer, no coordinator) manner is
an open problem. We propose the first
privacy-preserving consensus-based algorithm for the
distributed \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "33",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Hou:2023:PPR,
author = "Jian Hou and Jing Wang and Mingyue Zhang and Zhi Jin
and Chunlin Wei and Zuohua Ding",
title = "Privacy-preserving Resilient Consensus for Multi-agent
Systems in a General Topology Structure",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "34:1--34:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3587933",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3587933",
abstract = "Recent advances of consensus control have made it
significant in multi-agent systems such as in
distributed machine learning, distributed multi-vehicle
cooperative systems. However, during its application it
is crucial to achieve resilience and privacy;
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "34",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{King:2023:EDN,
author = "Isaiah J. King and H. Howie Huang",
title = "{Euler}: Detecting Network Lateral Movement via
Scalable Temporal Link Prediction",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "35:1--35:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3588771",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3588771",
abstract = "Lateral movement is a key stage of system compromise
used by advanced persistent threats. Detecting it is no
simple task. When network host logs are abstracted into
discrete temporal graphs, the problem can be reframed
as anomalous edge detection in an \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "35",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Vidanage:2023:VAF,
author = "Anushka Vidanage and Peter Christen and Thilina
Ranbaduge and Rainer Schnell",
title = "A Vulnerability Assessment Framework for
Privacy-preserving Record Linkage",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "36:1--36:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3589641",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3589641",
abstract = "The linkage of records to identify common entities
across multiple data sources has gained increasing
interest over the last few decades. In the absence of
unique entity identifiers, quasi-identifying attributes
such as personal names and addresses are \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "36",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Guo:2023:MUC,
author = "Chun Guo and Xiao Wang and Xiang Xie and Yu Yu",
title = "The Multi-User Constrained Pseudorandom Function
Security of Generalized {GGM} Trees for {MPC} and
Hierarchical Wallets",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "37:1--37:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3592608",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3592608",
abstract = "Multi-user (mu) security considers large-scale
attackers that, given access to a number of
cryptosystem instances, attempt to compromise at least
one of them. We initiate the study of mu security of
the so-called GGM tree that stems from the pseudorandom
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "37",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Usynin:2023:BGE,
author = "Dmitrii Usynin and Daniel Rueckert and Georgios
Kaissis",
title = "Beyond Gradients: Exploiting Adversarial Priors in
Model Inversion Attacks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "38:1--38:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3592800",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3592800",
abstract = "Collaborative machine learning settings such as
federated learning can be susceptible to adversarial
interference and attacks. One class of such attacks is
termed model inversion attacks, characterised by the
adversary reverse-engineering the model into \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "38",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Scopelliti:2023:EES,
author = "Gianluca Scopelliti and Sepideh Pouyanrad and Job
Noorman and Fritz Alder and Christoph Baumann and Frank
Piessens and Jan Tobias M{\"u}hlberg",
title = "End-to-End Security for Distributed Event-driven
Enclave Applications on Heterogeneous {TEEs}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "39:1--39:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3592607",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3592607",
abstract = "This article presents an approach to provide strong
assurance of the secure execution of distributed
event-driven applications on shared infrastructures,
while relying on a small Trusted Computing Base. We
build upon and extend security primitives \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "39",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{AlMallah:2023:RDA,
author = "Ranwa {Al Mallah} and Talal Halabi and Bilal Farooq",
title = "Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-agent Traffic
Control Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "40:1--40:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3592799",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3592799",
abstract = "Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) with their
evolving data gathering capabilities will play a
significant role in road safety and efficiency
applications supported by Intelligent Transport Systems
(ITSs), such as Traffic Signal Control (TSC) for
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "40",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Barbosa:2023:MPA,
author = "Manuel Barbosa and Gilles Barthe and Benjamin
Gr{\'e}goire and Adrien Koutsos and Pierre-Yves Strub",
title = "Mechanized Proofs of Adversarial Complexity and
Application to Universal Composability",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "41:1--41:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3589962",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3589962",
abstract = "In this work, we enhance the EasyCrypt proof assistant
to reason about the computational complexity of
adversaries. The key technical tool is a Hoare logic
for reasoning about computational complexity (execution
time and oracle calls) of adversarial \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "41",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Venkatesaramani:2023:DAM,
author = "Rajagopal Venkatesaramani and Zhiyu Wan and Bradley A.
Malin and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik",
title = "Defending Against Membership Inference Attacks on
Beacon Services",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "3",
pages = "42:1--42:??",
month = aug,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3603627",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Sat Aug 19 07:23:52 MDT 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3603627",
abstract = "Large genomic datasets are created through numerous
activities, including recreational genealogical
investigations, biomedical research, and clinical care.
At the same time, genomic data has become valuable for
reuse beyond their initial point of \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "42",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Gong:2023:BBA,
author = "Xueluan Gong and Yanjiao Chen and Wenbin Yang and
Huayang Huang and Qian Wang",
title = "{$ B^3 $}: Backdoor Attacks against Black-box Machine
Learning Models",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "43:1--43:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3605212",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3605212",
abstract = "Backdoor attacks aim to inject backdoors to victim
machine learning models during training time, such that
the backdoored model maintains the prediction power of
the original model towards clean inputs and misbehaves
towards backdoored inputs with the \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "43",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Chen:2023:TME,
author = "Jinfu Chen and Luo Song and Saihua Cai and Haodi Xie
and Shang Yin and Bilal Ahmad",
title = "{TLS-MHSA}: an Efficient Detection Model for Encrypted
Malicious Traffic based on Multi-Head Self-Attention
Mechanism",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "44:1--44:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3613960",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613960",
abstract = "In recent years, the use of TLS (Transport Layer
Security) protocol to protect communication information
has become increasingly popular as users are more aware
of network security. However, hackers have also
exploited the salient features of the TLS \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "44",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Paladini:2023:FDU,
author = "Tommaso Paladini and Francesco Monti and Mario Polino
and Michele Carminati and Stefano Zanero",
title = "Fraud Detection under Siege: Practical Poisoning
Attacks and Defense Strategies",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "45:1--45:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3613244",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613244",
abstract = "Machine learning (ML) models are vulnerable to
adversarial machine learning (AML) attacks. Unlike
other contexts, the fraud detection domain is
characterized by inherent challenges that make
conventional approaches hardly applicable. In this
article, we \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "45",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Kim:2023:LSA,
author = "Dohyun Kim and Mangi Cho and Hocheol Shin and Jaehoon
Kim and Juhwan Noh and Yongdae Kim",
title = "{Lightbox}: Sensor Attack Detection for Photoelectric
Sensors via Spectrum Fingerprinting",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "46:1--46:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3615867",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3615867",
abstract = "Photoelectric sensors are utilized in a range of
safety-critical applications, such as medical devices
and autonomous vehicles. However, the public exposure
of the input channel of a photoelectric sensor makes it
vulnerable to malicious inputs. Several \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "46",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Sakib:2023:MIL,
author = "Shahnewaz Karim Sakib and George T. Amariucai and Yong
Guan",
title = "Measures of Information Leakage for Incomplete
Statistical Information: Application to a Binary
Privacy Mechanism",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "47:1--47:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3624982",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3624982",
abstract = "Information leakage is usually defined as the
logarithmic increment in the adversary's probability of
correctly guessing the legitimate user's private data
or some arbitrary function of the private data when
presented with the legitimate user's publicly
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "47",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Eren:2023:SSC,
author = "Maksim E. Eren and Manish Bhattarai and Robert J.
Joyce and Edward Raff and Charles Nicholas and Boian S.
Alexandrov",
title = "Semi-Supervised Classification of Malware Families
Under Extreme Class Imbalance via Hierarchical
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization with Automatic Model
Selection",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "48:1--48:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3624567",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3624567",
abstract = "Identification of the family to which a malware
specimen belongs is essential in understanding the
behavior of the malware and developing mitigation
strategies. Solutions proposed by prior work, however,
are often not practicable due to the lack of \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "48",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Zhang:2023:SQE,
author = "Chenhan Zhang and Shiyao Zhang and James J. Q. Yu and
Shui Yu",
title = "{SAM}: Query-efficient Adversarial Attacks against
Graph Neural Networks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "49:1--49:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3611307",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3611307",
abstract = "Recent studies indicate that Graph Neural Networks
(GNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks.
Particularly, adversarially perturbing the graph
structure, e.g., flipping edges, can lead to salient
degeneration of GNNs' accuracy. In general, efficiency
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "49",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Bansal:2023:SAR,
author = "Ayoosh Bansal and Anant Kandikuppa and Monowar Hasan
and Chien-Ying Chen and Adam Bates and Sibin Mohan",
title = "System Auditing for Real-Time Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "50:1--50:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3625229",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3625229",
abstract = "System auditing is an essential tool for detecting
malicious events and conducting forensic analysis.
Although used extensively on general-purpose systems,
auditing frameworks have not been designed with
consideration for the unique constraints and \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "50",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Sajid:2023:SCV,
author = "Md Sajidul Islam Sajid and Jinpeng Wei and Ehab
Al-Shaer and Qi Duan and Basel Abdeen and Latifur
Khan",
title = "{symbSODA}: Configurable and Verifiable Orchestration
Automation for Active Malware Deception",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "26",
number = "4",
pages = "51:1--51:??",
month = nov,
year = "2023",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3624568",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Tue Dec 5 08:41:54 MST 2023",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3624568",
abstract = "Malware is commonly used by adversaries to compromise
and infiltrate cyber systems in order to steal
sensitive information or destroy critical assets.
Active Cyber Deception (ACD) has emerged as an
effective proactive cyber defense against malware to
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "51",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Wang:2024:SAS,
author = "Shen Wang and Mahshid Delavar and Muhammad Ajmal Azad
and Farshad Nabizadeh and Steve Smith and Feng Hao",
title = "Spoofing Against Spoofing: Toward Caller {ID}
Verification in Heterogeneous Telecommunication
Systems",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "1:1--1:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3625546",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3625546",
abstract = "Caller ID spoofing is a global industry problem and
often acts as a critical enabler for telephone fraud.
To address this problem, the Federal Communications
Commission has mandated telecom providers in the U.S.
to implement STIR/SHAKEN, an industry-. \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "1",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ottmann:2024:EAI,
author = "Jenny Ottmann and Frank Breitinger and Felix
Freiling",
title = "An Experimental Assessment of Inconsistencies in
Memory Forensics",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "2:1--2:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3628600",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3628600",
abstract = "Memory forensics is concerned with the acquisition and
analysis of copies of volatile memory (memory dumps).
Based on an empirical assessment of observable
inconsistencies in 360 memory dumps of a running Linux
system, we confirm a state of overwhelming \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "2",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Blass:2024:FSC,
author = "Erik-Oliver Blass and Guevara Noubir",
title = "Forward Security with Crash Recovery for Secure Logs",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "3:1--3:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3631524",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3631524",
abstract = "Logging is a key mechanism in the security of computer
systems. Beyond supporting important forward security
properties, it is critical that logging withstands both
failures and intentional tampering to prevent subtle
attacks leaving the system in an \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "3",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Cao:2024:EHD,
author = "Han Cao and Qindong Sun and Yaqi Li and Rong Geng and
Xiaoxiong Wang",
title = "Efficient History-Driven Adversarial Perturbation
Distribution Learning in Low Frequency Domain",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "4:1--4:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3632293",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3632293",
abstract = "The existence of adversarial image makes us have to
doubt the credibility of artificial intelligence
system. Attackers can use carefully processed
adversarial images to carry out a variety of attacks.
Inspired by the theory of image compressed sensing,
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "4",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Shrestha:2024:SBT,
author = "Prakash Shrestha and Ahmed Tanvir Mahdad and Nitesh
Saxena",
title = "Sound-based Two-factor Authentication: Vulnerabilities
and Redesign",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "5:1--5:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3632175",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3632175",
abstract = "Reducing the level of user effort involved in
traditional two-factor authentication (TFA) constitutes
an important research topic. An interesting
representative approach, Sound-Proof, leverages ambient
sounds to detect the proximity between the second-.
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "5",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Swarnkar:2024:OOC,
author = "Mayank Swarnkar and Neha Sharma",
title = "{OptiClass}: an Optimized Classifier for Application
Layer Protocols Using Bit Level Signatures",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "6:1--6:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3633777",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3633777",
abstract = "Network traffic classification has many applications,
such as security monitoring, quality of service,
traffic engineering, and so on. For the aforementioned
applications, Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) is a
popularly used technique for traffic \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "6",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Zeng:2024:ESH,
author = "Yong Zeng and Jiale Liu and Tong Dong and Qingqi Pei
and Jianfeng Ma and Yao Liu",
title = "Eyes See Hazy while Algorithms Recognize Who You Are",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "7:1--7:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3632292",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3632292",
abstract = "Facial recognition technology has been developed and
widely used for decades. However, it has also made
privacy concerns and researchers' expectations for
facial recognition privacy-preserving technologies. To
provide privacy, detailed or semantic \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "7",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Kluban:2024:DME,
author = "Maryna Kluban and Mohammad Mannan and Amr Youssef",
title = "On Detecting and Measuring Exploitable {JavaScript}
Functions in Real-world Applications",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "8:1--8:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3630253",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2020.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3630253",
abstract = "JavaScript is often rated as the most popular
programming language for the development of both
client-side and server-side applications. Because of
its popularity, JavaScript has become a frequent target
for attackers who exploit vulnerabilities in the
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "8",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Tang:2024:DSR,
author = "Li Tang and Qingqing Ye and Haibo Hu and Qiao Xue and
Yaxin Xiao and Jin Li",
title = "{DeepMark}: a Scalable and Robust Framework for
{DeepFake} Video Detection",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "9:1--9:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3629976",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3629976",
abstract = "With the rapid growth of DeepFake video techniques, it
becomes increasingly challenging to identify them
visually, posing a huge threat to our society.
Unfortunately, existing detection schemes are limited
to exploiting the artifacts left by DeepFake \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "9",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Wang:2024:DUE,
author = "Li Wang and Xiangtao Meng and Dan Li and Xuhong Zhang
and Shouling Ji and Shanqing Guo",
title = "{DEEPFAKER}: a Unified Evaluation Platform for Facial
Deepfake and Detection Models",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "10:1--10:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3634914",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3634914",
abstract = "Deepfake data contains realistically manipulated
faces-its abuses pose a huge threat to the security and
privacy-critical applications. Intensive research from
academia and industry has produced many
deepfake/detection models, leading to a constant race
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "10",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Chen:2024:SHG,
author = "Liqun Chen and Changyu Dong and Christopher J. P.
Newton and Yalan Wang",
title = "Sphinx-in-the-Head: Group Signatures from Symmetric
Primitives",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3638763",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3638763",
abstract = "Group signatures and their variants have been widely
used in privacy-sensitive scenarios such as anonymous
authentication and attestation. In this paper, we
present a new post-quantum group signature scheme from
symmetric primitives. Using only symmetric \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Qiao:2024:NIB,
author = "Yan Qiao and Kui Wu and Majid Khabbazian",
title = "Non-intrusive Balance Tomography Using Reinforcement
Learning in the Lightning Network",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "12:1--12:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3639366",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3639366",
abstract = "The Lightning Network (LN) is a second layer system
for solving the scalability problem of Bitcoin
transactions. In the current implementation of LN,
channel capacity (i.e., the sum of individual balances
held in the channel) is public information, while
individual balances are kept secret for privacy
concerns. Attackers may discover a particular balance
of a channel by sending multiple fake payments through
the channel. Such an attack, however, can hardly
threaten the security of the LN system due to its high
cost and noticeable intrusions. In this work, we
present a novel non-intrusive balance tomography
attack, which infers channel balances silently by
performing legal transactions between two pre-created
LN nodes. To minimize the cost of the attack, we
propose an algorithm to compute the optimal payment
amount for each transaction and design a path
construction method using reinforcement learning to
explore the most informative path to conduct the
transactions. Finally, we propose two approaches
(NIBT-RL and NIBT-RL-$ \beta $) to accurately and
efficiently infer all individual balances using the
results of these transactions. Experiments using
simulated account balances over actual LN topology show
that our method can accurately infer 90\% to 94\% of
all balances in LN with around 12 USD.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "12",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Shi:2024:UCC,
author = "Zhenpeng Shi and Nikolay Matyunin and Kalman Graffi
and David Starobinski",
title = "Uncovering {CWE-CVE-CPE} Relations with Threat
Knowledge Graphs",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "13:1--13:??",
month = feb,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3641819",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 10:23:39 MST 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641819",
abstract = "Security assessment relies on public information about
products, vulnerabilities, and weaknesses. So far,
databases in these categories have rarely been analyzed
in combination. Yet, doing so could help predict
unreported vulnerabilities and identify \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "13",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ebrahimpour:2024:BFS,
author = "Ghader Ebrahimpour and Mohammad Sayad Haghighi",
title = "Is Bitcoin Future as Secure as We Think? {Analysis} of
Bitcoin Vulnerability to Bribery Attacks Launched
through Large Transactions",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "2",
pages = "14:1--14:??",
month = may,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3641546",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 14 06:53:34 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641546",
abstract = "Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to maintain
transactions order and provides probabilistic
guarantees to prevent double-spending, assuming that an
attacker's computational power does not exceed 50\% of
the network power. In this article, we design a novel
bribery attack and show that this guarantee can be
hugely undermined. Miners are assumed to be rational in
this setup, and they are given incentives that are
dynamically calculated. In this attack, the adversary
misuses the Bitcoin protocol to bribe miners and
maximize their gained advantage. We will reformulate
the bribery attack to propose a general mathematical
foundation upon which we build multiple strategies. We
show that, unlike Whale Attack, these strategies are
practical, especially in the future when halvings lower
the mining rewards. In the so-called ``guaranteed
variable-rate bribing with commitment'' strategy,
through optimization by Differential Evolution (DE), we
show how double-spending is possible in the Bitcoin
ecosystem for any transaction whose value is above
218.9BTC, and this comes with 100\% success rate. A
slight reduction in the success probability, e.g., by
10%, brings the threshold down to 165BTC. If the
rationality assumption holds, then this shows how
vulnerable blockchain-based systems like Bitcoin
are. We suggest a soft fork on Bitcoin to fix this
issue at the end.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "14",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Concone:2024:AAS,
author = "Federico Concone and Salvatore Gaglio and Andrea
Giammanco and Giuseppe {Lo Re} and Marco Morana",
title = "{AdverSPAM}: {Adversarial SPam} Account Manipulation
in Online Social Networks",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "2",
pages = "15:1--15:??",
month = may,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3643563",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 14 06:53:34 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643563",
abstract = "In recent years, the widespread adoption of Machine
Learning (ML) at the core of complex IT systems has
driven researchers to investigate the security and
reliability of ML techniques. A very specific kind of
threats concerns the adversary mechanisms \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "15",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Sommer:2024:CCS,
author = "Florian Sommer and Mona Gierl and Reiner Kriesten and
Frank Kargl and Eric Sax",
title = "Combining Cyber Security Intelligence to Refine
Automotive Cyber Threats",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "2",
pages = "16:1--16:??",
month = may,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3644075",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 14 06:53:34 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3644075",
abstract = "Modern vehicles increasingly rely on electronics,
software, and communication technologies (cyber space)
to perform their driving task. Over-The-Air (OTA)
connectivity further extends the cyber space by
creating remote access entry points. Accordingly,
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "16",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Chen:2024:MMS,
author = "Jiayi Chen and Urs Hengartner and Hassan Khan",
title = "{MRAAC}: a Multi-stage Risk-aware Adaptive
Authentication and Access Control Framework for
{Android}",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "2",
pages = "17:1--17:??",
month = may,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3648372",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 14 06:53:34 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3648372",
abstract = "Adaptive authentication enables smartphones and
enterprise apps to decide when and how to authenticate
users based on contextual and behavioral factors. In
practice, a system may employ multiple policies to
adapt its authentication mechanisms and access
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "17",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Bayer:2024:CDA,
author = "Markus Bayer and Philipp Kuehn and Ramin Shanehsaz and
Christian Reuter",
title = "{CySecBERT}: a Domain-Adapted Language Model for the
Cybersecurity Domain",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "2",
pages = "18:1--18:??",
month = may,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3652594",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 14 06:53:34 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652594",
abstract = "The field of cysec is evolving fast. Security
professionals are in need of intelligence on past,
current and -ideally --- upcoming threats, because
attacks are becoming more advanced and are increasingly
targeting larger and more complex systems. Since the
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "18",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Bernabe-Rodriguez:2024:DPD,
author = "Julen Bernab{\'e}-Rodr{\'\i}guez and Albert Garreta
and Oscar Lage",
title = "A Decentralized Private Data Marketplace using
Blockchain and Secure Multi-Party Computation",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "2",
pages = "19:1--19:??",
month = may,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3652162",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 14 06:53:34 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652162",
abstract = "Big data has proven to be a very useful tool for
companies and users, but companies with larger datasets
have ended being more competitive than the others
thanks to machine learning or artificial intelligence.
Secure multi-party computation (SMPC) allows \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "19",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Park:2024:TRA,
author = "Namgyu Park and Jong Kim",
title = "Toward Robust {ASR} System against Audio Adversarial
Examples using Agitated Logit",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "2",
pages = "20:1--20:??",
month = may,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3661822",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Fri Jun 14 06:53:34 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3661822",
abstract = "Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are
vulnerable to audio adversarial examples, which aim at
deceiving ASR systems by adding perturbations to benign
speech signals. These audio adversarial examples appear
indistinguishable from benign audio waves,. \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "20",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Valentim:2024:XSA,
author = "Rodolfo Vieira Valentim and Idilio Drago and Marco
Mellia and Federico Cerutti",
title = "{X-squatter}: {AI} Multilingual Generation of
Cross-Language Sound-squatting",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "3",
pages = "21:1--21:??",
month = aug,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3663569",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 22 12:59:04 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3663569",
abstract = "Sound-squatting is a squatting technique that exploits
similarities in word pronunciation to trick users into
accessing malicious resources. It is an understudied
threat that has gained traction with the popularity of
smart speakers and audio-only content,. \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "21",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ameer:2024:ZIN,
author = "Safwa Ameer and Lopamudra Praharaj and Ravi Sandhu and
Smriti Bhatt and Maanak Gupta",
title = "{ZTA-IoT}: a Novel Architecture for Zero-Trust in
{IoT} Systems and an Ensuing Usage Control Model",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "3",
pages = "22:1--22:??",
month = aug,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3671147",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 22 12:59:04 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3671147",
abstract = "Recently, several researchers motivated the need to
integrate Zero Trust (ZT) principles when designing and
implementing authentication and authorization systems
for IoT. An integrated Zero Trust IoT system comprises
the network infrastructure (physical \ldots{})",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "22",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ahmed:2024:SAC,
author = "Abu Shohel Ahmed and Aleksi Peltonen and Mohit Sethi
and Tuomas Aura",
title = "Security Analysis of the Consumer Remote {SIM}
Provisioning Protocol",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "3",
pages = "23:1--23:??",
month = aug,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3663761",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 22 12:59:04 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3663761",
abstract = "Remote SIM provisioning (RSP) for consumer devices is
the protocol specified by the GSM Association for
downloading SIM profiles into a secure element in a
mobile device. The process is commonly known as eSIM,
and it is expected to replace removable SIM \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "23",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{He:2024:CCL,
author = "Xinyu He and Fengrui Hao and Tianlong Gu and Liang
Chang",
title = "{CBAs}: Character-level Backdoor Attacks against
{Chinese} Pre-trained Language Models",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "3",
pages = "24:1--24:??",
month = aug,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3678007",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 22 12:59:04 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3678007",
abstract = "Pre-trained language models (PLMs) aim to assist
computers in various domains to provide natural and
efficient language interaction and text processing
capabilities. However, recent studies have shown that
PLMs are highly vulnerable to malicious backdoor
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "24",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Gunasinghe:2024:PPP,
author = "Hasini Gunasinghe and Mikhail Atallah and Elisa
Bertino",
title = "{PEBASI}: a Privacy preserving, Efficient Biometric
Authentication Scheme based on Irises",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "3",
pages = "25:1--25:??",
month = aug,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3677017",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 22 12:59:04 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677017",
abstract = "We introduce a novel privacy-preserving biometric
authentication scheme based on irises that allows a
user to enroll once at a trusted biometric
certification authority (BCA) and authenticate to
online service providers (SPs) multiple times without
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "25",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ou:2024:VMA,
author = "Weihan Ou and Steven Ding and Mohammad Zulkernine and
Li Tao Li and Sarah Labrosse",
title = "{VeriBin}: a Malware Authorship Verification Approach
for {APT} Tracking through Explainable and
Functionality-Debiasing Adversarial Representation
Learning",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "3",
pages = "26:1--26:??",
month = aug,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3669901",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Aug 22 12:59:04 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3669901",
abstract = "Malware attacks are posing a significant threat to
national security, cooperate network, and public
endpoint security. Identifying the Advanced Persistent
Threat (APT) groups behind the attacks and grouping
their activities into attack campaigns help \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "26",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{sathi:2024:BYI,
author = "Vipin N. Sathi and C. Siva Ram Murthy",
title = "Boost Your Immunity: {VACCINE} for Preventing a Novel
Stealthy Slice Selection Attack in {5G} and Beyond",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "4",
pages = "27:1--27:??",
month = nov,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3686152",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 10 08:29:30 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3686152",
abstract = "G networks can offer network slices customized
according to the demands of the services to enhance the
quality of their users' experience. The time for
selecting an appropriate network slice to facilitate
traffic flow between users and services by the
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "27",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Schulmann:2024:ZMB,
author = "Haya Schulmann and Shujie Zhao",
title = "{ZPredict}: {ML}-Based {IPID} Side-channel
Measurements",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "4",
pages = "28:1--28:??",
month = nov,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3672560",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 10 08:29:30 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3672560",
abstract = "Network reconnaissance and measurements play a central
role in improving Internet security and are important
for understanding the current deployments and trends.
Such measurements often require coordination with the
measured target. This limits the \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "28",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Sateesan:2024:SHO,
author = "Arish Sateesan and Jo Vliegen and Simon Scherrer and
Hsu-Chun Hsiao and Adrian Perrig and Nele Mentens",
title = "{SPArch}: a Hardware-oriented Sketch-based
Architecture for High-speed Network Flow Measurements",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "4",
pages = "29:1--29:??",
month = nov,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3687477",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 10 08:29:30 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687477",
abstract = "Network flow measurement is an integral part of modern
high-speed applications for network security and
data-stream processing. However, processing at line
rate while maintaining the required data structure
within the on-chip memory of the hardware \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "29",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Mohanty:2024:FFP,
author = "Susil Kumar Mohanty and Somanath Tripathy",
title = "{Flexichain}: Flexible Payment Channel Network to
Defend Against Channel Exhaustion Attack",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "4",
pages = "30:1--30:??",
month = nov,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3687476",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 10 08:29:30 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bitcoin.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687476",
abstract = "The payment channel network (PCN) is an effective
off-chain scaling solution widely recognized for
reducing operational costs on permissionless
blockchains. However, it still faces challenges such as
lack of flexibility, channel exhaustion, and poor
\ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "30",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ceragioli:2024:SVI,
author = "Lorenzo Ceragioli and Letterio Galletta and Pierpaolo
Degano and David Basin",
title = "Specifying and Verifying Information Flow Control in
{SELinux} Configurations",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "4",
pages = "31:1--31:??",
month = nov,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3690636",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 10 08:29:30 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/linux.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib;
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3690636",
abstract = "Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a security
architecture for Linux implementing Mandatory Access
Control. It has been used in numerous security-critical
contexts ranging from servers to mobile devices.
However, its application is challenging as \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "31",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
@Article{Ahmed:2024:DDE,
author = "Mukhtar Ahmed and Jinfu Chen and Ernest Akpaku and
Rexford Nii Ayitey Sosu and Ajmal Latif",
title = "{DELM}: Deep Ensemble Learning Model for Anomaly
Detection in Malicious Network Traffic-based Adaptive
Feature Aggregation and Network Optimization",
journal = j-TOPS,
volume = "27",
number = "4",
pages = "32:1--32:??",
month = nov,
year = "2024",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/3690637",
ISSN = "2471-2566 (print), 2471-2574 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "2471-2566",
bibdate = "Thu Oct 10 08:29:30 MDT 2024",
bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tops.bib",
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3690637",
abstract = "With the rapid advancements in internet technology,
the complexity and sophistication of network traffic
attacks are increasing, making it challenging for
traditional anomaly detection systems to analyze and
detect malicious network attacks. The \ldots{}",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
ajournal = "ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.",
articleno = "32",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)",
journal-URL = "https://dl.acm.org/loi/tops",
}
