%%% -*-LaTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  @LaTeX-file{
%%%     author-1        = "Norbert Juffa",
%%%     author-2        = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "3.729",
%%%     date            = "06 September 2024",
%%%     time            = "10:26:34 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "fparith.ltx",
%%%     address-1       = "2445 Mission College Blvd.,
%%%                        Santa Clara, CA 95054,
%%%                        USA",
%%%     address-2       = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone-1     = "+1 408 727 1885",
%%%     telephone-2     = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX-1           = "+1 408 727 1265",
%%%     FAX-2           = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL-2           = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "47570 1127 1813 29043",
%%%     email-1         = "norbert@iit.com (Internet)",
%%%     email-2         = "beebe@math.utah.edu, beebe@acm.org,
%%%                        beebe@computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography; BibTeX; constant-time
%%%                        arithmetic; fixed-point arithmetic;
%%%                        floating-point arithmetic; floating-point
%%%                        exceptions; floating-point summation;
%%%                        floating-point verification; IEEE 754
%%%                        arithmetic; inexact; Infinity; integer
%%%                        arithmetic; logarithmic number system (LNS)
%%%                        arithmetic; NaN (Not a Number); overflow;
%%%                        posit arithmetic; residue number system;
%%%                        rounding algorithms; Sets-Of-Real-Numbers
%%%                        (SORN) arithmetic; subnormal; underflow; unum
%%%                        arithmetic; zero divide",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a LaTeX wrapper file for typesetting
%%%                        fparith.bib, a bibliography of floating-point
%%%                        arithmetic.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

\documentstyle[bibmods,bibnames,path,showtags]{article}

\ifx \undefined \booktitle    \def \booktitle    #1{{{\em #1}}}    \fi
\ifx \undefined \circled      \def \circled      #1{(#1)}          \fi
\ifx \undefined \mathbb       \def \mathbb       #1{{\bf #1}}      \fi
\ifx \undefined \mathcal      \def \mathcal      #1{{\cal #1}}     \fi
\ifx \undefined \mathrm       \def \mathrm       #1{{\rm #1}}      \fi
\ifx \undefined \operatorname \def \operatorname #1{{\rm #1}}      \fi
\ifx \undefined \pkg          \def \pkg          #1{{{\tt #1}}}    \fi
\ifx \undefined \r            \let \r = \ocirc                     \fi
\ifx \undefined \reg          \def \reg            {\circled{R}}   \fi
\ifx \undefined \texttt       \def \texttt       #1{{\tt #1}}      \fi
\ifx \undefined \TM           \def \TM             {${}^{\sc TM}$} \fi

\pagestyle{headings}

\title{A Bibliography of Publications on Floating-Point Arithmetic}

\author{
        Norbert Juffa\\
        2445 Mission College Blvd.\\
        Santa Clara, CA 95054\\
        USA\\
        Tel: +1-408-727-1885\\
        FAX: +1-408-727-1265\\[\medskipamount]
        E-mail: \path=juffa@ira.uka.de= (Internet)\\[1ex]
%
        Nelson H. F. Beebe\\
        University of Utah\\
        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB\\
        155 S 1400 E RM 233\\
        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090\\
        USA\\[\medskipamount]
        Tel: +1 801 581 5254\\
        FAX: +1 801 581 4148\\[\medskipamount]
        E-mail: \protect\path=beebe@math.utah.edu=,
                \protect\path=beebe@acm.org=,
                \hphantom{E-mail:\ }
                \protect\path=beebe@computer.org= (Internet)\\
        WWW URL: \protect\path=https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/=
}

\date{06 September 2024 \\
Version 3.729}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\nocite{*}
\bibliographystyle{is-unsrt}

%% Changes from Version 1.7:
%%
%% o  Added Section on multiprecision arithmetic
%% o  Added Section on floating-point processors
%% o  Added Section on floating-point summation
%% o  Split Books section into three parts: hardware, software,
%%    machine-specific

\section*{Introduction}

This is a bibliography of material on
floating-point arithmetic that I came up
with while doing research on a
floating-point package of my own.  I don't
claim it to be anywhere near complete. The
material listed is only what I myself
possess.

My main interest was in software based,
binary floating-point arithmetic on a
microprocessor, so you won't find much
material about the hardware used in
floating-point arithmetic (e.g.  adders,
carry propagation schemes, higher radix
representation for multiplication and
division, etc.) in this list. There is also
not too much on non-binary floating-point
arithmetic.

For most fields covered in this
bibliography, the important or historically
relevant articles should be included. There
is also some material on integer arithmetic
in this list as some of the methods used
with integer arithmetic contain interesting
ideas that may be useful in the realization
of a floating-point arithmetic package.

Also, depending on the type of
microprocessor used, one may need to
implement integer multiplication and
division for use in the floating-point
package, so articles about this topic are
included as well.

As I am German, there is a bit of material
in German in this bibliography.  However,
English translations are provided for all
non-English titles.

Thanks to the people who have helped me with previous versions of this
document by sending me papers or additional references:

  \begin{itemize}
    \item Steven Sommars (\path=sesv@research.bell-labs.com=),
    \item Jim Kiernan (\path=jmk@teak.cray.com=),
    \item Warren Ferguson (\path=ferguson@seas.smu.edu=),
    \item Nhuan Doduc (\path=ndoduc@framentec.fr=),
    \item K. C. Ng (\path=kwok.ng@eng.sun.com=),
    \item Nelson H. F. Beebe (\path=beebe@math.utah.edu=).
  \end{itemize}

Bibliography entries in the {\bf Books} section are ordered
alphabetically by author; ordering is by ascending year in the
remaining sections.

\fbox{%
{\bf Warning:} it has yet not been possible to bring this citation
list up-to-date with the entries in the \BibTeX{} file.  There are
many additional bibliography entries that are not cited here.
}

\section*{Books, hardware oriented}

\cite{%
        Cavanagh:1984:DCA,%
        Flores:1963:LCA,%
        Gosling:1980:DAU,%
        Hwang:1979:CAP,%
        Koren:1993:CAA,%
        Omondi:1994:CAS,%
        Scott:1985:CNS,%
        Schmid:1974:DC,%
        Schmid:1978:EDS,%
        Spaniol:1976:AR,%
        Spaniol:1981:CAL,%
        Sterbenz:1974:FPC,%
        Swartzlander:1980:CA,%
        Swartzlander:1990:CAa,%
        Swartzlander:1990:CAb,%
        Waser:1982:IAD%
}

\section*{Books, software oriented or theory}

\cite{%
        Cody:1980:SME,%
        Fike:1968:CEM,%
        Hart:1968:CAa,%
        Hart:1968:CAb,%
        Hastings:1955:ADC,%
        Knuth:1981:SA,%
        Jorke:1989:AAM,%
        Luke:1975:MFT,%
        Luke:1977:ACM,%
        Lyusternik:1965:HCE,%
        Morgan:1992:NM,%
        Moshier:1989:MPM,%
        Plauger:1992:SCL,%
        Press:1988:NRC,%
        Rice:1964:AFV,%
        Rice:1969:AFV,%
        Wilkinson:1963:REA%
}

\section*{Books, machine specific}

\cite{%
        Apple:1988:ANM,%
        Apple:1994:IMP,%
        Kortemeyer:1993:CPT,%
        Motorola:1989:FPC,%
        Palmer:1984:P,%
        Palmer:1985:MGN,%
        Startz:1988:IPC,%
        Thies:1985:NPE,%
        Thies:1989:PXA%
}

\section*{Journal Publications, Conference Papers, Technical Reports,
Ph.D. Dissertations, Book Contributions, etc.}

\section{Choice of base, floating point formats}

\cite{%
        Brown:1969:CB,%
        Kreifelts:1973:OBF,%
        Kuki:1973:SSA,%
        Cody:1973:SDN,%
        Brent:1973:PAV,%
        Kreifelts:1975:OBF,%
        Liddiard:1978:RSF,%
        Hull:1978:DFP,%
        Agrawal:1987:CEF,%
        Plauger:1988:PFP,%
        Johnstone:1989:HRF,%
        Kalbasi:1990:CYT,%
        Ochs:1991:NTR,%
        Plauger:1991:FPA%
}

\subsection{Precision and Rounding}

\cite{%
        Goldberg:1967:BED,%
        Hamming:1970:DN,%
        Kaneko:1973:LRE,%
        Tsao:1974:DSD,%
        Goodman:1975:REP,%
        Kuck:1975:RRN,%
        Garner:1976:SSR,%
        Goodman:1977:EGD,%
        Kent:1977:HSF,%
        Kuck:1977:ARM,%
        Bustoz:1979:ITD,%
        Henrich:1980:FPA,%
        Miller:1981:RGU,%
        Brown:1981:SRM,%
        Rump:1982:CR,%
        Demmel:1984:URN,%
        Schatte:1988:MDC,%
        Santoro:1989:RAI,%
        Goodman:1990:SMR,%
        Yoshida:1991:PRT,%
        Ris:1993:WFP,%
        Kabuo:1994:ARS%
}

\subsection{Determination of parameters of floating point arithmetic}

\cite{%
        Malcolm:1972:ARP,%
        Gentleman:1974:MAR,%
        Lastman:1983:DFP,%
        Razaz:1988:TPM,%
        Cody:1988:AMS%
}

\subsection{IEEE standards for floating point arithmetic}

\cite{%
        Ris:1976:UDF,%
        Coonen:1979:PSB,%
        Kahan:1979:PFP,%
        Fraley:1979:PED,%
        Payne:1979:DPB,%
        Cody:1979:IPI,%
        Feldman:1979:IPS,%
        Stone:1980:TFP,%
        Payne:1980:VFPa,%
        Payne:1980:VFPb,%
        Fraley:1980:STO,%
        Hough:1980:APS,%
        Stevenson:1981:ITP,%
        Cody:1981:APF,%
        Hough:1981:API,%
        Coonen:1981:EIG,%
        Cody:1984:PRW,%
        Cody:1985:PRW,%
        IEEE:1985:ISBa,%
        IEEE:1985:ISBb,%
        IEEE:1985:AIS,%
        IEEE:1987:RIS,%
        AMD:1988:IFP,%
        Cody:1989:AXF,%
        Pan:1990:FSI,%
        Cody:1993:AFS%
}

\subsection{Floating point arithmetic, general and implementation issues}

\cite{%
        Kuki:1971:MFS,%
        Aird:1973:SUM,%
        Bohlender:1977:FPC,%
        Hashizume:1977:FPA,%
        Andrews:1978:IAN,%
        Boney:1978:MRW,%
        Bohlender:1978:GBM,%
        Rauch:1979:EAA,%
        Reid:1979:FMF,%
        Gruener:1979:ARD,%
        Coonen:1980:IGP,%
        Brown:1980:EPB,%
        Wehringer:1981:FSA,%
        Bohlender:1982:ROA,%
        Kulisch:1986:ADC,%
        Rump:1986:SER,%
        Grehan:1988:FPCa,%
        Grehan:1988:FPCb,%
        Grehan:1989:FPR,%
        Ochs:1989:TPF,%
        Dritz:1989:RPS,%
        Goldberg:1990:CA,%
        Ochs:1991:RF,%
        Ochs:1991:SRF,%
        Goldberg:1991:WEC,%
        Ochs:1991:NRU,%
        Wichmann:1992:NUF%
}

\subsection{Floating point packages}

\cite{%
        Grappel:1980:IZP,%
        Vogt:1983:AFM,%
        Sand:1983:DIP,%
        Rauchwerk:1984:MBF,%
        Dietrich:1984:FPR,%
        Lohninger:1985:GF,%
        Gross:1985:FPA,%
        Lorenz:1985:AIP,%
        Dutta:1986:IMF,%
        Himmeroeder:1987:CKC,%
        Lange:1987:ITA,%
        Davila:1988:FPA,%
        Voelzke:1988:FSAa,%
        Voelzke:1988:FSAb,%
        Voelzke:1988:FSAc,%
        Voelzke:1989:FSAa,%
        Voelzke:1989:FSAb,%
        vonGudenberg:1980:EAR%
}

\subsection{Floating point units}

\cite{%
        Anderson:1967:ISMb,%
        OLeary:1978:DHS,%
        Nave:1980:NDP,%
        Farrell:1980:PFP,%
        Rallapalli:1980:CMF,%
        Waser:1980:EGP,%
        Palmer:1980:IND,%
        Undheim:1980:CFP,%
        Cheng:1980:ASC,%
        McMinn:1980:IND,%
        Palmer:1980:LIN,%
        Cassola:1982:FPM,%
        Samsen:1982:AFP,%
        Cassola:1982:FPA,%
        Palmer:1982:VRN,%
        Ware:1982:BMF,%
        Palmer:1983:VSN,%
        Bhat:1983:HPF,%
        Boney:1983:FPPa,%
        Boney:1983:FPPb,%
        Sandesara:1983:ZZF,%
        Grappel:1983:FPP,%
        Gavrielov:1983:CSF,%
        Heninger:1983:ZZF,%
        Martin:1983:FPS,%
        Boney:1984:GTD,%
        Huntsman:1983:MFP,%
        Teufel:1984:OG,%
        Shahan:1984:MIF,%
        Boney:1984:GTD,%
        Look:1984:CSH,%
        Takla:1984:MBF,%
        Braddock:1984:ASP,%
        Wolrich:1984:HPF,%
        Quong:1986:FPI,%
        Gavrielov:1986:NFP,%
        Melear:1986:HSM,%
        Desrosiers:1986:CFP,%
        Simcoe:1986:MFP,%
        Chadha:1986:IHP,%
        Beims:1986:FPP,%
        Berger:1986:NNF,%
        Perlmutter:1987:A,%
        Homewood:1987:ITT,%
        Thompson:1987:FME,%
        Lu:1988:MCF,%
        Ries:1988:MFP,%
        Yuen:1988:IFP,%
        Maurer:1988:DVW,%
        Rowen:1988:MRF,%
        McLellan:1988:DCF,%
        Birman:1988:DHS,%
        Fitzpatrick:1988:PVF,%
        Bedard:1989:WFD,%
        Papamichalis:1988:TFP,%
        Fuccio:1988:DAS,%
        Sohie:1988:DSP,%
        Shimazu:1989:MFP,%
        Komori:1989:MBFa,%
        Komori:1989:MBFb,%
        Molnar:1989:MBF,%
        Benschneider:1989:MUP,%
        Nakayama:1989:MFPa,%
        Kohn:1989:TM,%
        Kawasaki:1989:FPV,%
        Ashton:1989:AFP,%
        Lu:1989:VMI,%
        Sit:1989:MFP,%
        Fu:1989:PMI,%
        Benschneider:1989:PMC,%
        Nakayama:1989:MFPb,%
        Brightman:1989:ASF,%
        Montoye:1990:DIR,%
        Birman:1990:DWS,%
        Edenfield:1990:PPD,%
        Margulis:1990:IMI,%
        Darley:1990:TFP,%
        Alsup:1990:MFA,%
        McCloud:1990:FPU,%
        Katsuno:1990:BFP,%
        Hokenek:1990:SGR,%
        Chai:1991:MCF,%
        Nakano:1991:MBM,%
        Knowles:1991:APD,%
        Nakano:1992:FPB,%
        Dao-Trong:1992:SCI,%
        Maguire:1992:MD,%
        Ide:1993:MCF,%
        Briggs:1993:XBM,%
        Timmermann:1993:GFR,%
        Timmermann:1994:CFP%
}

\subsection{Test of floating point routines}

\cite{%
        Cody:1969:PTF,%
        Schryer:1981:TCF,%
        Coonen:1984:CPS,%
        Karpinski:1985:PFP,%
        Kahan:1985:AIA,%
        Spafford:1986:RASa,%
        Spafford:1986:RASb,%
        DuCroz:1986:FFP,%
        Liu:1987:BEF,%
        Tang:1989:TCA,%
        Silverstein:1990:USM,%
        Tang:1990:AET,%
        Cody:1991:UTS,%
        Cody:1991:PEP,%
        Plauger:1991:WW,%
        Nagal:1991:PEM,%
        Markstein:1991:WFF,%
        Cody:1993:ACP%
}

\section{Addition and Subtraction}

\cite{%
        Sweeney:1965:AFP,%
        Feldstein:1982:LSF%
}

\subsection{Floating-point Summation}

\cite{%
        Wolfe:1964:RTE,%
        Kahan:1965:PFR,%
        Moller:1965:QDP,%
        Moller:1965:NQD,%
        Linz:1970:AFP,%
        Malcolm:1971:AFP,%
        Gregory:1972:CFP,%
        Linnainmaa:1974:ASK,%
        Ozawa:1983:AIK,%
        Robertazzi:1988:BOF,%
        Dunham:1989:S%
}

\subsection{Multiplication}

\cite{%
        Heising:1972:MM,%
        Sheue:1979:TCM,%
        Ambikairajah:1980:TPM,%
        Wehringer:1981:SBM,%
        Schatte:1982:FPF,%
        Goodrich:1982:VEP,%
        Baxter:1983:CRS,%
        Dyer:1983:ZRP,%
        Coupe:1983:SPZ,%
        Iffrig:1983:ULC,%
        Robison:1983:USF,%
        Collis:1983:MSZ,%
        Lorenz:1984:MIL%
}

\subsection{Division}

\cite{%
        Pope:1960:MPA,%
        Rabinowitz:1961:MPD,%
        Cox:1961:NMP,%
        Stein:1964:DCM,%
        Krishnamurthy:1965:DCM,%
        Krishnamurthy:1967:NRD,%
        Collins:1977:APS,%
        Sanyal:1977:AND,%
        Lemaire:1980:INR,%
        Grappel:1981:RDB,%
        Asai:1983:CPI,%
        McGuire:1983:PCB,%
        James:1983:RDB,%
        Galand:1983:FD,%
        Pfenninger:1984:DES,%
        Mithani:1985:ASN,%
        Semba:1986:ADL,%
        Lorang:1986:SD,%
        Jain:1989:SLU,%
        Ozawa:1991:FND,%
        Jain:1991:NRS,%
        Parker:1992:OVN,%
        Wong:1992:FDU,%
        IEEE:1992:IIC,%
        Montuschi:1992:DAC%
}

\section{Elementary functions, general}

\cite{%
        Filippi:1966:BEE,%
        Kogbetliantz:1966:GEF,%
        Rothmaier:1970:DSB,%
        Rothmaier:1971:BEF,%
        Cody:1971:SEF,%
        Frankowski:1978:RME,%
        Brent:1980:UAE,%
        Jung:1983:BRR,%
        Nave:1983:ITF,%
        Longo:1984:CFU,%
        Butterfield:1984:MT,%
        Borwein:1984:AGM,%
        vonGudenberg:1984:BMG,%
        Gal:1985:CEF,%
        Miranker:1985:ASC,%
        Agarwal:1986:NSV,%
        Braune:1987:HSF,%
        Thompson:1987:IEF,%
        Koopman:1987:TF,%
        Roylance:1988:EMS,%
        ACM:1988:PAC,%
        Markstein:1990:CEF,%
        Silverstein:1990:USM,%
        Kiernan:1990:FAE,%
        Schoss:1994:ISF,%
        Koren:1990:EEF,%
        Dunham:1990:FFE,%
        Gal:1991:AEM,%
        Ziv:1991:FEE,%
        Chance:1991:EPA,%
        Tang:1991:TLAa,%
        Tang:1991:TLAb,%
        Ferguson:1991:AMA,%
        Wong:1994:FHB,%
        Schulte:1994:HDE%
}

\subsection{Elementary functions, CORDIC and related algorithms}

\cite{%
        Volder:1959:CTC,%
        Wensley:1959:CNA,%
        Cantor:1962:LEF,%
        Meggitt:1962:PDP,%
        Specker:1965:CAL,%
        Linhardt:1969:DDT,%
        deLugish:1970:CAA,%
        Walther:1971:UAE,%
        Sarkar:1971:EPP,%
        Chen:1972:ACE,%
        Ercegovac:1973:REC,%
        Baker:1975:MER,%
        Steer:1977:DHS,%
        Andrews:1978:UEF,%
        Haviland:1980:CAP,%
        Rodrigues:1981:HEM,%
        Voelz:1983:CAE,%
        Naseem:1985:MCA,%
        Abruzzo:1984:ACA,%
        Bittner:1985:WPD,%
        Curtis:1986:CPL,%
        Vachss:1987:CMF,%
        Hu:1989:ARM,%
        Ahmed:1989:EEF,%
        Jarvis:1990:ICA,%
        Mueller:1990:HCA,%
        Hu:1991:ERC,%
        Takagi:1991:RCM,%
        Wesner:1992:TS,%
        Timmermann:1992:LLT,%
        Mazenc:1993:CFU,%
        Duprat:1993:CAN,%
        Kota:1993:NAH%
}

\subsection{Elementary functions, function approximation}

\cite{%
        Spielberg:1961:ECF,%
        Spielberg:1961:RPS,%
        Phillips:1968:EME,%
        Golub:1971:CAC,%
        Pittnauer:1973:NPK,%
        Pittnauer:1973:AA,%
        Mohn:1976:IPA,%
        Derenzo:1977:AHC,%
        Ruckdeschel:1978:FA,%
        Moshier:1986:CA,%
        Breuer:1987:NMR,%
        Trefethen:1990:PSP,%
        Dunham:1991:ABA,%
        Plauger:1991:AF,%
        Plauger:1991:EP%
}

\subsubsection{Polynomial evaluation}

\cite{%
        Knuth:1962:EPC,%
        Eisman:1963:PER,%
        Eve:1964:EP,%
        Fike:1967:MEP,%
        Reimer:1977:AFO,%
        Kusterer:1979:SEP,%
        Dunham:1989:PAH%
}

\subsection{Square root, general}

\cite{%
        Andrews:1978:EFM,%
        Alt:1979:SRD,%
        Andrews:1982:MMS,%
        Dietrich:1983:VQF,%
        Moler:1983:RSR,%
        Montuschi:1990:SSR,%
        Crenshaw:1991:SRS%
}

\subsubsection{Square root, bit-oriented, iterative, and table methods of computation}

\cite{%
        Lenaerts:1955:ASR,%
        Bemer:1958:MMS,%
        Metze:1965:MSR,%
        Egbert:1977:PCAa,%
        Alexander:1977:SRR,%
        Murphy:1978:SRP,%
        Waldecker:1980:NSR,%
        Peng:1981:AES,%
        Grote:1981:CIS,%
        Bice:1981:AAS,%
        Kunz:1981:QZ,%
        Rix:1982:UQA,%
        Conover:1985:AHS,%
        Sreedharan:1985:ASS,%
        Enzmann:1985:WDS,%
        Majerski:1985:SRA,%
        Grappel:1986:SRA,%
        Campbell:1986:NSR,%
        Wollenberg:1986:SRD,%
        Cathey:1986:LEI,%
        Pfenninger:1986:SQA,%
        Boettner:1987:QA,%
        Johnson:1987:AES,%
        Rolfe:1987:FIS,%
        Barany:1988:FEI,%
        Milnikel:1988:SRF,%
        Johnson:1989:IMA,%
        Peter:1990:PZW,%
        Hashemian:1990:SRA,%
        Hamza:1991:MBD,%
        Barrera:1993:IBS%
}

\subsubsection{Square root, Newton's method}

\cite{%
        Gower:1958:NIM,%
        Eve:1963:SAI,%
        Cody:1964:DPS,%
        Swarztrauber:1965:LED,%
        King:1965:LED,%
        James:1965:GSR,%
        Fike:1966:SAS,%
        Moursund:1967:OSV,%
        Fike:1967:RAO,%
        Holzwarth:1969:VBB,%
        King:1969:LEN,%
        Sterbenz:1969:OSA,%
        Wilson:1970:OSA,%
        Rothmaier:1970:BQN,%
        Ninomiya:1970:BRS,%
        Phillips:1970:GLE,%
        Ramamoorthy:1972:SPI,%
        Pedersen:1980:HBM,%
        Meinardus:1980:OPN,%
        Fredette:1981:RES,%
        Chamrad:1983:FFP,%
        Chen:1989:FCN,%
        Yeyios:1992:TSA,%
        Mikami:1992:NDO%
}

\subsection{Sine and Cosine}

\cite{%
        Kogbetliantz:1959:CSC,%
        Steer:1977:DHS,%
        Colquhoun:1977:FAS,%
        Egbert:1977:PCAb,%
        Wang:1978:EPF,%
        Ganesan:1981:GSC,%
        Sewell:1982:RLT,%
        Payne:1983:RRT,%
        Payne:1983:DRT,%
        Murray:1984:SFA,%
        Helyer:1985:SCC,%
        Campbell:1986:SS,%
        Obermaier:1987:SCI,%
        Juffa:1988:SAF,%
        Tang:1990:SSI,%
        Ochs:1992:SIR,%
        Ng:1992:ARH,%
        Devine:1992:RTT,%
        Schwarz:1992:ASF,%
        Fowkes:1993:HEA%
}

\subsection{Logarithm}

\cite{%
        Bemer:1958:SMC,%
        Spielberg:1962:PCF,%
        Combet:1965:CBT,%
        Marino:1972:NAA,%
        Shi:1976:SLC,%
        Egbert:1978:PCA,%
        Horna:1980:FAC,%
        McCormick:1982:EFM,%
        Lo:1987:HGA,%
        Maenner:1987:FIB,%
        Tang:1990:TDIa,%
        Kostopoulos:1991:ACB%
}

\subsection{Exponential function}

\cite{%
        Kogbetliantz:1957:CEN,%
        Spielberg:1966:CEU,%
        Wrathall:1978:CGI,%
        Andrews:1981:EFM,%
        Hantler:1982:ESS,%
        Karp:1984:ELS,%
        Grappel:1985:FSC,%
        Tang:1989:TDI,%
        Tang:1990:TDIb,%
        Tang:1992:TDI%
}

\subsection{Arctangent}

\cite{%
        Luke:1957:CLZ,%
        Kogbetliantz:1958:CANa,%
        Perlin:1960:HPC%
}

\subsection{Other transcendental functions}

\cite{%
        Clark:1969:SCE,%
        Clark:1971:SCP,%
        Kogbetliantz:1958:CANb,%
        Egbert:1977:PCAc,%
        Morrison:1965:MCC,%
        Clenshaw:1963:ASF,%
        Miller:1965:ASF,%
        Kraemer:1987:ISF,%
        Preston:1978:NAT,%
        Baker:1992:LCE,%
        Cody:1993:ASE%
}

\section{Binary-decimal conversion}

\cite{%
        Taranto:1959:BCF,%
        Daggett:1959:DBC,%
        Clarkson:1961:DMI,%
        Matula:1968:C,%
        Matula:1970:FFP,%
        Loevenbruck:1972:CNR,%
        Schreiber:1978:TMF,%
        Havender:1980:DBF,%
        Havender:1980:DBN,%
        Griffiths:1981:BDC,%
        Murugesan:1983:ACF,%
        Agrawal:1984:ACB,%
        Nowak:1986:HBU,%
        Henning:1986:KBD,%
        Clinger:1990:HRF,%
        Steele:1990:HPF,%
        Gay:1990:CRB,%
        Arazi:1992:BDC%
}

\section{BCD arithmetic}

\cite{%
        Franklin:1972:ZDA,%
        Besslich:1973:MDS,%
        Schmid:1973:BLIa,%
        Schmid:1973:BLIb,%
        Schmid:1973:BLIc,%
        Schmid:1973:BLId,%
        Schmid:1973:BLVa,%
        Schmid:1973:BLVb,%
        Schmid:1973:BLVc,%
        Chroust:1981:MAD,%
        Bohannan:1982:MAP,%
        Wingert:1983:ITA,%
        Maric:1983:PBC,%
        Ahmad:1987:IDA,%
        Bohlender:1991:DFP,%
        Obaidat:1992:DMA%
}

\section{Multiple precision arithmetic}

\cite{%
        Stroud:1963:MPF,%
        Blum:1965:EAP,%
        Tienari:1966:SPM,%
        Filho:1967:AGF,%
        Kuki:1971:FEP,%
        Dekker:1971:FPT,%
        Brent:1976:FMP,%
        Wyatt:1976:PEP,%
        Brent:1978:FMP,%
        Brent:1978:AMF,%
        Brent:1980:UAE,%
        Verma:1980:MPF,%
        Linnainmaa:1981:SDP,%
        Sasaki:1982:PFM,%
        Smith:1991:AFP,%
        Priest:1991:AAP,%
        Bailey:1993:AMT,%
        BrinchHansen:1994:MLD%
}

\section{Conferences on computer arithmetic}

\cite{%
        IEEE:1975:SCA,%
        IEEE:1978:PSC,%
        Meinardus:1979:ATP,%
        Lavington:1980:IPP,%
        IEEE:1981:PSC,%
        IEEE:1983:PSC,%
        Hwang:1985:PSC,%
        IEEE:1985:ERC,%
        Ercegovac:1989:PSC,%
        Kaucher:1991:CAS,%
        Atanassova:1992:CAE,%
        Kornerup:1991:PIS,%
        Swartzlander:1993:SCA%
}

\section{Additional contributions from Nelson H. F. Beebe}

% NB: This long citation must be broken up into two parts to avoid
% hitting TeX's 3000-char line limit in the .aux file, sigh...
\cite{%
        Parsons:1955:SDC,%
        Ercoli:1957:EDO,%
        Ashenhurst:1959:UFP,%
        Wadey:1960:FA,%
        Ashenhurst:1964:FEU,%
        Kanner:1965:NBC,%
        Penney:1965:BSC,%
        Moler:1967:IRF,%
        Kuki:1973:SSA,%
        Good:1970:CIA,%
        Tsao:1974:SPE,%
        George:1975:ARR,%
        Reiser:1975:EDF,%
        Reiser:1975:EED,%
        Kulisch:1976:GNR,%
        Paul:1976:SEF,%
        Wyatt:1976:PEP,%
        Albrecht:1977:GCA,%
        Stoutemyer:1977:AEA,%
        Tran-Thong:1977:FPF,%
        Brent:1978:FMP,%
        Brent:1978:AMF,%
        Brent:1979:RMF,%
        Russell:1978:CCS,%
        Johnson:1979:RAF,%
        Shauman:1979:OMA,%
        Brent:1980:AIB,%
        Chow:1980:VPP,%
        Gregory:1980:ECW,%
        Coonen:1981:UDN,%
        Kulisch:1981:CAT,%
        Linnainmaa:1981:SDP,%
        Stevenson:1981:PSBa,%
        Stevenson:1981:PSBb,%
        IEEE:1983:PSC,%
        Black:1984:NIS,%
        Clenshaw:1984:BFP,%
        Corliss:1984:AGT,%
        Gregory:1984:MAE,%
        Jones:1984:SRM,%
        Hull:1985:PRV,%
        IEEE:1985:ASI,%
        Motorola:1985:MFP,%
        Stewart:1985:NCD,%
        Hull:1986:VPE,%
        Stewart:1986:CNC,%
        Weitek:1986:WSW,%
        Crockett:1987:PFF,%
        Leavitt:1987:APF,%
        Motorola:1987:MMF,%
        Papachristou:1987:ATL,%
        Aberth:1988:PNA,%
        Robertazzi:1988:BOF,%
        Rowen:1988:MRF,%
        Buell:1989:MIA,%
        Wichmann:1989:SPI,%
        Feijen:1990:BOB,%
        Gries:1990:BDO,%
        Hokenek:1990:LZA,%
        Knuth:1990:SPW,%
        MacDonald:1990:IFP,%
        Montoye:1990:DIR,%
        Tang:1990:AET,%
        Wallis:1990:IFP,%
        Atanassova:1992:CAE,%
        Lee:1991:FPPa,%
        Lee:1991:FPPb,%
        Mutrie:1991:TSS,%
        Nelson:1991:SPM,%
        Plauger:1991:FPP,%
        Smith:1991:AFP,%
        Bailey:1992:ATF,%
        Bailey:1992:PHP,%
        Press:1992:NRC,%
        Cody:1993:ACP,%
        Hull:1994:ICE,%
	Perry:1960:CBF,%
	Wadey:1960:FA,%
	Wilkinson:1960:EAF,%
	Grau:1962:FNR,%
	Geier:1963:ACD,%
	Wilkinson:1963:PSA,%
	Gram:1964:RZF,%
	Gregory:1964:FAN,%
	Klokacev:1964:RNF,%
	Ikebe:1965:NTP,%
	Moller:1965:QDP,%
	Crisansan-Zverca:1967:PED,%
	Lewis:1967:CFP,%
	Kaneko:1968:PSA,%
	Vitenko:1968:OAA,%
	Posnov:1969:FPR,%
	Linz:1970:AFP,%
	Tienari:1970:SMR,%
	Dekker:1971:FPT,%
	Malcolm:1971:AFP,%
	Schurmann:1972:MEA,%
	Urabe:1973:CEA,%
	Kinoshita:1974:FPA,%
	Kulisch:1974:PCC,%
	Syslo:1974:RAP,%
	Caprani:1975:REF},%
\cite{%
	Kulisch:1975:FIF,%
	Lacroix:1975:PEM,%
	Linnainmaa:1975:TAS,%
	Shimizu:1975:REF,%
	Yamashita:1975:EEF,%
	Kulisch:1976:FIF,%
	Lacroix:1976:LCF,%
	Miller:1976:AGF,%
	Ni:1976:EAT,%
	Brown:1977:MSI,%
	Rjabko:1977:AHM,%
	Thong:1977:ARE,%
	vanHulzen:1979:NMS,%
	Ginsberg:1980:MFE,%
	Yohe:1980:FPE,%
	Linnainmaa:1981:SDP,%
	Munson:1981:FPR,%
	Stummel:1981:PAM,%
	Taylor:1981:FPR,%
	Wilson:1982:PC,%
	Akamine:1983:SMQ,%
	Jankowski:1983:NFS,%
	Lozier:1983:UFP,%
	Mikov:1983:PAFa,%
	Mikov:1983:PAFb,%
	Watanuki:1983:EAC,%
	Honma:1984:IAE,%
	Stetter:1984:SDC,%
	Teufel:1984:HAO,%
	Barlow:1985:PEA,%
	Barlow:1985:RED,%
	Bohte:1985:GEF,%
	Burton:1985:SFE,%
	Dunham:1985:PFM,%
	Gomez:1985:PFA,%
	Goodman:1985:REF,%
	Tsuji:1985:REF,%
	Feldstein:1986:OUS,%
	Schatte:1986:ALD,%
	Stummel:1986:SOP,%
	Kirchner:1987:SVS,%
	Scheidt:1987:DFP,%
	Alt:1988:FEP,%
	Bohlender:1988:IFA,%
	Marchyulaitis:1988:SRN,%
	Pichat:1988:APC,%
	Schatte:1988:ASC,%
	Weyland:1988:LCS,%
	Feldstein:1989:NAP,%
	Grassmann:1989:PAR,%
	Groeger:1989:DRG,%
	Sasaki:1989:AAD,%
	Vulchanov:1989:SCR,%
	Wichmann:1989:TFS,%
	Gu:1990:TIT,%
	Popov:1990:AFA,%
	Schatte:1990:SBF,%
	Calvetti:1991:REF,%
	Chiang:1991:FNR,%
	Golubev:1991:FPM,%
	Lyashenko:1991:PAR,%
	Rump:1991:CAI,%
	Bakhrakh:1992:NIF,%
	Lee:1992:ACR,%
	Lozier:1992:RPC,%
	Pichat:1992:SFR,%
	Sparmann:1992:DHQ,%
	Tang:1992:TDI,%
	Bakhrakh:1993:NIF,%
	Higham:1993:AFP,%
	Jahn:1993:LIF,%
	Shirayanagi:1993:MCM,%
	Tsuji:1993:FNS,%
	Veselic:1993:FPH,%
	Daumas:1994:RFP,%
	Jaromczyk:1994:CCH,%
	Popova:1994:EIA,%
	Metropolis:1963:PFS,%
	Rice:1977:MSI,%
	Ng:1979:SAC,%
	Nickel:1980:IMP,%
	GAMM:1981:PAM,%
	Griffiths:1984:NAP,%
	Vrdoljak:1985:ICA,%
	Meek:1985:PFM,%
	Turner:1989:NAP%
}

\section*{Title word cross-reference}

% \begin{raggedright}
\pretolerance = 10000   % prevent most overfull lines (mostly from long URLs), at the expense of poorer line breaking
\parskip = \baselineskip
\input{\jobname.twx}
% \end{raggedright}

\bibliography{\jobname}

\end{document}
