*DECK CBESJ SUBROUTINE CBESJ (Z, FNU, KODE, N, CY, NZ, IERR) C***BEGIN PROLOGUE CBESJ C***PURPOSE Compute a sequence of the Bessel functions J(a,z) for C complex argument z and real nonnegative orders a=b,b+1, C b+2,... where b>0. A scaling option is available to C help avoid overflow. C***LIBRARY SLATEC C***CATEGORY C10A4 C***TYPE COMPLEX (CBESJ-C, ZBESJ-C) C***KEYWORDS BESSEL FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX ARGUMENT, C BESSEL FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRST KIND, J BESSEL FUNCTIONS C***AUTHOR Amos, D. E., (SNL) C***DESCRIPTION C C On KODE=1, CBESJ computes an N member sequence of complex C Bessel functions CY(L)=J(FNU+L-1,Z) for real nonnegative C orders FNU+L-1, L=1,...,N and complex Z in the cut plane C -pi=0 C KODE - A parameter to indicate the scaling option C KODE=1 returns C CY(L)=J(FNU+L-1,Z), L=1,...,N C =2 returns C CY(L)=J(FNU+L-1,Z)*exp(-abs(Y)), L=1,...,N C where Y=Im(Z) C N - Number of terms in the sequence, N>=1 C C Output C CY - Result vector of type COMPLEX C NZ - Number of underflows set to zero C NZ=0 Normal return C NZ>0 CY(L)=0, L=N-NZ+1,...,N C IERR - Error flag C IERR=0 Normal return - COMPUTATION COMPLETED C IERR=1 Input error - NO COMPUTATION C IERR=2 Overflow - NO COMPUTATION C (Im(Z) too large on KODE=1) C IERR=3 Precision warning - COMPUTATION COMPLETED C (Result has half precision or less C because abs(Z) or FNU+N-1 is large) C IERR=4 Precision error - NO COMPUTATION C (Result has no precision because C abs(Z) or FNU+N-1 is too large) C IERR=5 Algorithmic error - NO COMPUTATION C (Termination condition not met) C C *Long Description: C C The computation is carried out by the formulae C C J(a,z) = exp( a*pi*i/2)*I(a,-i*z), Im(z)>=0 C C J(a,z) = exp(-a*pi*i/2)*I(a, i*z), Im(z)<0 C C where the I Bessel function is computed as described in the C prologue to CBESI. C C For negative orders, the formula C C J(-a,z) = J(a,z)*cos(a*pi) - Y(a,z)*sin(a*pi) C C can be used. However, for large orders close to integers, the C the function changes radically. When a is a large positive C integer, the magnitude of J(-a,z)=J(a,z)*cos(a*pi) is a C large negative power of ten. But when a is not an integer, C Y(a,z) dominates in magnitude with a large positive power of C ten and the most that the second term can be reduced is by C unit roundoff from the coefficient. Thus, wide changes can C occur within unit roundoff of a large integer for a. Here, C large means a>abs(z). C C In most complex variable computation, one must evaluate ele- C mentary functions. When the magnitude of Z or FNU+N-1 is C large, losses of significance by argument reduction occur. C Consequently, if either one exceeds U1=SQRT(0.5/UR), then C losses exceeding half precision are likely and an error flag C IERR=3 is triggered where UR=R1MACH(4)=UNIT ROUNDOFF. Also, C if either is larger than U2=0.5/UR, then all significance is C lost and IERR=4. In order to use the INT function, arguments C must be further restricted not to exceed the largest machine C integer, U3=I1MACH(9). Thus, the magnitude of Z and FNU+N-1 C is restricted by MIN(U2,U3). In IEEE arithmetic, U1,U2, and C U3 approximate 2.0E+3, 4.2E+6, 2.1E+9 in single precision C and 4.7E+7, 2.3E+15 and 2.1E+9 in double precision. This C makes U2 limiting in single precision and U3 limiting in C double precision. This means that one can expect to retain, C in the worst cases on IEEE machines, no digits in single pre- C cision and only 6 digits in double precision. Similar con- C siderations hold for other machines. C C The approximate relative error in the magnitude of a complex C Bessel function can be expressed as P*10**S where P=MAX(UNIT C ROUNDOFF,1.0E-18) is the nominal precision and 10**S repre- C sents the increase in error due to argument reduction in the C elementary functions. Here, S=MAX(1,ABS(LOG10(ABS(Z))), C ABS(LOG10(FNU))) approximately (i.e., S=MAX(1,ABS(EXPONENT OF C ABS(Z),ABS(EXPONENT OF FNU)) ). However, the phase angle may C have only absolute accuracy. This is most likely to occur C when one component (in magnitude) is larger than the other by C several orders of magnitude. If one component is 10**K larger C than the other, then one can expect only MAX(ABS(LOG10(P))-K, C 0) significant digits; or, stated another way, when K exceeds C the exponent of P, no significant digits remain in the smaller C component. However, the phase angle retains absolute accuracy C because, in complex arithmetic with precision P, the smaller C component will not (as a rule) decrease below P times the C magnitude of the larger component. In these extreme cases, C the principal phase angle is on the order of +P, -P, PI/2-P, C or -PI/2+P. C C***REFERENCES 1. M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Handbook of Mathe- C matical Functions, National Bureau of Standards C Applied Mathematics Series 55, U. S. Department C of Commerce, Tenth Printing (1972) or later. C 2. D. E. Amos, Computation of Bessel Functions of C Complex Argument, Report SAND83-0086, Sandia National C Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, May 1983. C 3. D. E. Amos, Computation of Bessel Functions of C Complex Argument and Large Order, Report SAND83-0643, C Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, May C 1983. C 4. D. E. Amos, A Subroutine Package for Bessel Functions C of a Complex Argument and Nonnegative Order, Report C SAND85-1018, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, C NM, May 1985. C 5. D. E. Amos, A portable package for Bessel functions C of a complex argument and nonnegative order, ACM C Transactions on Mathematical Software, 12 (September C 1986), pp. 265-273. C C***ROUTINES CALLED CBINU, I1MACH, R1MACH C***REVISION HISTORY (YYMMDD) C 830501 DATE WRITTEN C 890801 REVISION DATE from Version 3.2 C 910415 Prologue converted to Version 4.0 format. (BAB) C 920128 Category corrected. (WRB) C 920811 Prologue revised. (DWL) C***END PROLOGUE CBESJ C COMPLEX CI, CSGN, CY, Z, ZN REAL AA, ALIM, ARG, DIG, ELIM, FNU, FNUL, HPI, RL, R1, R1M5, R2, * TOL, YY, R1MACH, AZ, FN, BB, ASCLE, RTOL, ATOL INTEGER I, IERR, INU, INUH, IR, KODE, K1, K2, N, NL, NZ, I1MACH, K DIMENSION CY(N) DATA HPI /1.57079632679489662E0/ C C***FIRST EXECUTABLE STATEMENT CBESJ IERR = 0 NZ=0 IF (FNU.LT.0.0E0) IERR=1 IF (KODE.LT.1 .OR. KODE.GT.2) IERR=1 IF (N.LT.1) IERR=1 IF (IERR.NE.0) RETURN C----------------------------------------------------------------------- C SET PARAMETERS RELATED TO MACHINE CONSTANTS. C TOL IS THE APPROXIMATE UNIT ROUNDOFF LIMITED TO 1.0E-18. C ELIM IS THE APPROXIMATE EXPONENTIAL OVER- AND UNDERFLOW LIMIT. C EXP(-ELIM).LT.EXP(-ALIM)=EXP(-ELIM)/TOL AND C EXP(ELIM).GT.EXP(ALIM)=EXP(ELIM)*TOL ARE INTERVALS NEAR C UNDERFLOW AND OVERFLOW LIMITS WHERE SCALED ARITHMETIC IS DONE. C RL IS THE LOWER BOUNDARY OF THE ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSION FOR LARGE Z. C DIG = NUMBER OF BASE 10 DIGITS IN TOL = 10**(-DIG). C FNUL IS THE LOWER BOUNDARY OF THE ASYMPTOTIC SERIES FOR LARGE FNU. C----------------------------------------------------------------------- TOL = MAX(R1MACH(4),1.0E-18) K1 = I1MACH(12) K2 = I1MACH(13) R1M5 = R1MACH(5) K = MIN(ABS(K1),ABS(K2)) ELIM = 2.303E0*(K*R1M5-3.0E0) K1 = I1MACH(11) - 1 AA = R1M5*K1 DIG = MIN(AA,18.0E0) AA = AA*2.303E0 ALIM = ELIM + MAX(-AA,-41.45E0) RL = 1.2E0*DIG + 3.0E0 FNUL = 10.0E0 + 6.0E0*(DIG-3.0E0) CI = CMPLX(0.0E0,1.0E0) YY = AIMAG(Z) AZ = ABS(Z) C----------------------------------------------------------------------- C TEST FOR RANGE C----------------------------------------------------------------------- AA = 0.5E0/TOL BB=I1MACH(9)*0.5E0 AA=MIN(AA,BB) FN=FNU+(N-1) IF(AZ.GT.AA) GO TO 140 IF(FN.GT.AA) GO TO 140 AA=SQRT(AA) IF(AZ.GT.AA) IERR=3 IF(FN.GT.AA) IERR=3 C----------------------------------------------------------------------- C CALCULATE CSGN=EXP(FNU*HPI*I) TO MINIMIZE LOSSES OF SIGNIFICANCE C WHEN FNU IS LARGE C----------------------------------------------------------------------- INU = FNU INUH = INU/2 IR = INU - 2*INUH ARG = (FNU-(INU-IR))*HPI R1 = COS(ARG) R2 = SIN(ARG) CSGN = CMPLX(R1,R2) IF (MOD(INUH,2).EQ.1) CSGN = -CSGN C----------------------------------------------------------------------- C ZN IS IN THE RIGHT HALF PLANE C----------------------------------------------------------------------- ZN = -Z*CI IF (YY.GE.0.0E0) GO TO 40 ZN = -ZN CSGN = CONJG(CSGN) CI = CONJG(CI) 40 CONTINUE CALL CBINU(ZN, FNU, KODE, N, CY, NZ, RL, FNUL, TOL, ELIM, ALIM) IF (NZ.LT.0) GO TO 120 NL = N - NZ IF (NL.EQ.0) RETURN RTOL = 1.0E0/TOL ASCLE = R1MACH(1)*RTOL*1.0E+3 DO 50 I=1,NL C CY(I)=CY(I)*CSGN ZN=CY(I) AA=REAL(ZN) BB=AIMAG(ZN) ATOL=1.0E0 IF (MAX(ABS(AA),ABS(BB)).GT.ASCLE) GO TO 55 ZN = ZN*CMPLX(RTOL,0.0E0) ATOL = TOL 55 CONTINUE ZN = ZN*CSGN CY(I) = ZN*CMPLX(ATOL,0.0E0) CSGN = CSGN*CI 50 CONTINUE RETURN 120 CONTINUE IF(NZ.EQ.(-2)) GO TO 130 NZ = 0 IERR = 2 RETURN 130 CONTINUE NZ=0 IERR=5 RETURN 140 CONTINUE NZ=0 IERR=4 RETURN END