C********************************************************************** C C Copyright (C) 1992 Roland W. Freund and Noel M. Nachtigal C All rights reserved. C C This code is part of a copyrighted package. For details, see the C file "cpyrit.doc" in the top-level directory. C C ***************************************************************** C ANY USE OF THIS CODE CONSTITUTES ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS OF THE C COPYRIGHT NOTICE C ***************************************************************** C C********************************************************************** C C This file contains the routines for the QMR algorithm for C unsymmetric matrices, using the coupled two-term recurrence C variant of the Lanczos algorithm without look-ahead. C C********************************************************************** C SUBROUTINE DUCPX (NDIM,NLEN,NLIM,VECS,TOL,INFO) C C Purpose: C This subroutine uses the QMR algorithm based on the coupled two- C term variant of the Lanczos process without look-ahead to solve C linear systems. It runs the algorithm to convergence or until a C user-specified limit on the number of iterations is reached. C C The code is set up to solve the system A x = b with initial C guess x_0 = 0. Here A x = b denotes the preconditioned system, C and it is connected with the original system as follows. Let C B y = c be the original unpreconditioned system to be solved, and C let y_0 be an arbitrary initial guess for its solution. Then: C A x = b, where A = M_1^{-1} B M_2^{-1}, C x = M_2 (y - y_0), b = M_1^{-1} (c - B y_0). C Here M = M_1 M_2 is the preconditioner. C C To recover the final iterate y_n for the original system B y = c C from the final iterate x_n for the preconditioned system A x = b, C set C y_n = y_0 + M_2^{-1} x_n. C C The algorithm was first described in the RIACS Technical Report C 92.15, `An Implementation of the QMR Method Based on Coupled Two- C Term Recurrences`, June 1992. This implementation does not have C look-ahead, so it is less robust than the full version. C C Parameters: C For a description of the parameters, see the file "ducpx.doc" in C the current directory. C C External routines used: C double precision dlamch(ch) C LAPACK routine, computes machine-related constants. C double precision dnrm2(n,x,incx) C BLAS-1 routine, computes the 2-norm of x. C subroutine daxpby(n,z,a,x,b,y) C Library routine, computes z = a * x + b * y. C double precision ddot(n,x,incx,y,incy) C BLAS-1 routine, computes y^H * x. C subroutine drandn(n,x,seed) C Library routine, fills x with random numbers. C subroutine drotg(a,b,cos,sin) C BLAS-1 routine, computes the Givens rotation which rotates the C vector [a; b] into [ sqrt(a**2 + b**2); 0 ]. C double precision ducpxo(n) C User-supplied routine, specifies the QMR scaling factors. C C Noel M. Nachtigal C March 30, 1993 C C********************************************************************** C INTRINSIC DABS, DBLE, DMAX1, DSQRT, MAX0 EXTERNAL DLAMCH, DNRM2, DAXPBY, DDOT, DRANDN, DROTG, DUCPXO DOUBLE PRECISION DDOT DOUBLE PRECISION DLAMCH, DNRM2, DUCPXO C INTEGER INFO(4), NDIM, NLEN, NLIM DOUBLE PRECISION VECS(NDIM,8) DOUBLE PRECISION TOL C C Miscellaneous parameters. C DOUBLE PRECISION DHUN, DONE, DTEN, DZERO PARAMETER (DHUN = 1.0D2,DONE = 1.0D0,DTEN = 1.0D1,DZERO = 0.0D0) C C Local variables, permanent. C INTEGER IERR, N, RETLBL, TF, TRES, VF SAVE IERR, N, RETLBL, TF, TRES, VF DOUBLE PRECISION DNN, ENN, SCS, SINN, RHSN SAVE DNN, ENN, SCS, SINN, RHSN DOUBLE PRECISION COSN, GAMN, LNP1N, MAXOMG, OMG, R0, SCPN, SCQN SAVE COSN, GAMN, LNP1N, MAXOMG, OMG, R0, SCPN, SCQN DOUBLE PRECISION SCV, RESN, TMAX, TMIN, TNRM, UCHK, UNRM SAVE SCV, RESN, TMAX, TMIN, TNRM, UCHK, UNRM C C Local variables, transient. C INTEGER INIT, REVCOM DOUBLE PRECISION LNN, RHN, RHNM1, RHNP1, RHSNP1, UNM1N, DTMP DOUBLE PRECISION GAMNM1, SCW C C Initialize some of the permanent variables. C DATA RETLBL /0/ C C Check the reverse communication flag to see where to branch. C REVCOM RETLBL Comment C 0 0 first call, go to label 10 C 1 30 returning from AXB, go to label 30 C 1 50 returning from AXB, go to label 50 C 2 40 returning from ATXB, go to label 40 C REVCOM = INFO(2) INFO(2) = 0 IF (REVCOM.EQ.0) THEN N = 0 IF (RETLBL.EQ.0) GO TO 10 ELSE IF (REVCOM.EQ.1) THEN IF (RETLBL.EQ.30) THEN GO TO 30 ELSE IF (RETLBL.EQ.50) THEN GO TO 50 END IF ELSE IF (REVCOM.EQ.2) THEN IF (RETLBL.EQ.40) GO TO 40 END IF IERR = 1 GO TO 70 C C Check whether the inputs are valid. C 10 IERR = 0 IF (NDIM.LT.1) IERR = 2 IF (NLEN.LT.1) IERR = 2 IF (NLIM.LT.1) IERR = 2 IF (NLEN.GT.NDIM) IERR = 2 IF (IERR.NE.0) GO TO 70 C C Extract from INFO the output units TF and VF, the true residual C flag TRES, and the left starting vector flag INIT. C VF = MAX0(INFO(1),0) INIT = VF / 100000 VF = VF - INIT * 100000 TRES = VF / 10000 VF = VF - TRES * 10000 TF = VF / 100 VF = VF - TF * 100 C C Extract and check the various tolerances. C TNRM = DLAMCH('E') * DTEN TMIN = DSQRT(DSQRT(DLAMCH('S'))) TMAX = DONE / TMIN IF (TOL.LE.DZERO) TOL = DSQRT(DLAMCH('E')) C C Start the trace messages and convergence history. C IF (VF.NE.0) WRITE (VF,'(I8,2E11.4)') 0, DONE, DONE IF (TF.NE.0) WRITE (TF,'(I8,2E11.4)') 0, DONE, DONE C C Set x_0 = 0 and compute the norm of the initial residual. C CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,3),DONE,VECS(1,2),DZERO,VECS(1,3)) CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,1),DZERO,VECS(1,1),DZERO,VECS(1,1)) R0 = DNRM2(NLEN,VECS(1,3),1) IF ((TOL.GE.DONE).OR.(R0.EQ.DZERO)) GO TO 70 C C Check whether the auxiliary vector must be supplied. C IF (INIT.EQ.0) CALL DRANDN (NLEN,VECS(1,7),1) C C Initialize the variables. C N = 1 SCV = R0 ENN = DONE COSN = DONE GAMN = DONE RESN = DONE SCPN = DONE SCQN = DONE SCS = DZERO SINN = DZERO LNP1N = DZERO OMG = DUCPXO(N) RHSN = OMG * R0 MAXOMG = DONE / OMG C C This is one step of the coupled two-term Lanczos algorithm. C Check whether E_n is nonsingular. C 20 IF (ENN.EQ.DZERO) THEN IERR = 8 GO TO 70 END IF C C Compute scale factor for the vector w_{n}. C Check for invariant subspaces, and scale the vectors if needed. C IERR = 0 SCW = DNRM2(NLEN,VECS(1,7),1) IF (SCPN*SCV.LT.TNRM) IERR = IERR + 16 IF (SCQN*SCW.LT.TNRM) IERR = IERR + 32 IF (IERR.NE.0) GO TO 70 GAMNM1 = GAMN GAMN = GAMN * SCPN / SCQN * SCV / SCW DNN = DDOT(NLEN,VECS(1,3),1,VECS(1,7),1) / ( SCV * SCW ) IF ((SCV.GE.TMAX).OR.(SCV.LE.TMIN)) THEN DTMP = DONE / SCV CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,3),DTMP,VECS(1,3),DZERO,VECS(1,3)) SCV = DONE END IF IF ((SCW.GE.TMAX).OR.(SCW.LE.TMIN)) THEN DTMP = DONE / SCW CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,7),DTMP,VECS(1,7),DZERO,VECS(1,7)) SCW = DONE END IF SCV = DONE / SCV SCW = DONE / SCW C C Build the vectors p_n and q_n. C UNM1N = DNN * LNP1N * GAMNM1 / ( GAMN * ENN ) DTMP = UNM1N * SCPN / SCV CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,4),DONE,VECS(1,3),-DTMP,VECS(1,4)) DTMP = UNM1N * SCQN / SCW * GAMN / GAMNM1 CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,8),DONE,VECS(1,7),-DTMP,VECS(1,8)) SCPN = SCV SCQN = SCW C C Check whether D_n is nonsingular. C IF (DNN.EQ.DZERO) THEN IERR = 8 GO TO 70 END IF C C Have the caller carry out AXB, then return here. C CALL AXB (VECS(1,4),VECS(1,6)) C INFO(2) = 1 INFO(3) = 4 INFO(4) = 6 RETLBL = 30 RETURN C C Compute q_n^T A p_n. C 30 ENN = SCPN * SCQN * DDOT(NLEN,VECS(1,8),1,VECS(1,6),1) C C Build the vector v_{n+1}. C LNN = ENN / DNN CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,3),DONE,VECS(1,6),-LNN,VECS(1,3)) C C Have the caller carry out ATXB, then return here. C CALL ATXB (VECS(1,8),VECS(1,6)) C INFO(2) = 2 INFO(3) = 8 INFO(4) = 6 RETLBL = 40 RETURN C C Build the vector w_{n+1}. C 40 LNN = ENN / DNN CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,7),DONE,VECS(1,6),-LNN,VECS(1,7)) C C Compute scale factor for the vector v_{n+1}. C SCV = DNRM2(NLEN,VECS(1,3),1) LNP1N = SCPN * SCV C C The QMR code starts here. C Multiply the new column by the previous omegas. C Get the next scaling factor omega(i) and update MAXOMG. C RHN = OMG * LNN OMG = DUCPXO(N+1) RHNP1 = OMG * LNP1N MAXOMG = DMAX1(MAXOMG,DONE/OMG) C C Apply the previous rotation. C RHNM1 = SINN * RHN RHN = COSN * RHN C C Compute the rotation for the last element (this also applies it). C CALL DROTG (RHN,RHNP1,COSN,SINN) C C Apply the new rotation to the right-hand side vector. C RHSNP1 = -SINN * RHSN RHSN = COSN * RHSN C C Compute the next search direction s_i. C DTMP = RHNM1 * SCS / SCPN CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,5),DONE,VECS(1,4),-DTMP,VECS(1,5)) C C Compute the new QMR iterate, then scale the search direction. C SCS = SCPN / RHN DTMP = SCS * RHSN CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,1),DONE,VECS(1,1),DTMP,VECS(1,5)) IF ((DABS(SCS).GE.TMAX).OR.(DABS(SCS).LE.TMIN)) THEN CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,5),SCS,VECS(1,5),DZERO,VECS(1,5)) SCS = DONE END IF C C Compute the residual norm upper bound. C If the scaled upper bound is within one order of magnitude of the C target convergence norm, compute the true residual norm. C RHSN = RHSNP1 UNRM = DSQRT(DBLE(N+1)) * MAXOMG * DABS(RHSNP1) / R0 UCHK = UNRM IF ((TRES.EQ.0).AND.(UNRM/TOL.GT.DTEN).AND.(N.LT.NLIM)) GO TO 60 C C Have the caller carry out AXB, then return here. C CALL AXB (VECS(1,1),VECS(1,6)) C INFO(2) = 1 INFO(3) = 1 INFO(4) = 6 RETLBL = 50 RETURN 50 CALL DAXPBY (NLEN,VECS(1,6),DONE,VECS(1,2),-DONE,VECS(1,6)) RESN = DNRM2(NLEN,VECS(1,6),1) / R0 UCHK = RESN C C Output the convergence history. C 60 IF (VF.NE.0) WRITE (VF,'(I8,2E11.4)') N, UNRM, RESN IF (TF.NE.0) WRITE (TF,'(I8,2E11.4)') N, UNRM, RESN C C Check for convergence or termination. Stop if: C 1. algorithm converged; C 2. there is an error condition; C 3. the residual norm upper bound is smaller than the computed C residual norm by a factor of at least 100; C 4. algorithm exceeded the iterations limit. C IF (RESN.LE.TOL) THEN IERR = 0 GO TO 70 ELSE IF (IERR.NE.0) THEN GO TO 70 ELSE IF (UNRM.LT.UCHK/DHUN) THEN IERR = 4 GO TO 70 ELSE IF (N.GE.NLIM) THEN IERR = 4 GO TO 70 END IF C C Update the running counter. C N = N + 1 GO TO 20 C C Done. C 70 NLIM = N RETLBL = 0 INFO(1) = IERR C RETURN END C C********************************************************************** C DOUBLE PRECISION FUNCTION DUCPXO (I) C C Purpose: C Returns the scaling parameter OMEGA(I). C C Parameters: C I = the index of the parameter OMEGA (input). C C Noel M. Nachtigal C March 30, 1993 C C********************************************************************** C INTEGER I C DUCPXO = 1.0D0 C RETURN END C C**********************************************************************