# to unbundle, sh this file (in an empty directory)
echo RATIONALE 1>&2
sed >RATIONALE <<'//GO.SYSIN DD RATIONALE' 's/^-//'
-
-
- Dhrystone Benchmark: Rationale for Version 2 and Measurement Rules
-
- [published in SIGPLAN Notices 23,8 (Aug. 1988), 49-62]
-
-
- Reinhold P. Weicker
- Siemens AG, E STE 35
- [now: Siemens AG, AUT E 51]
- Postfach 3220
- D-8520 Erlangen
- Germany (West)
-
-
-
-
-1. Why a Version 2 of Dhrystone?
-
-The Dhrystone benchmark program [1] has become a popular benchmark for
-CPU/compiler performance measurement, in particular in the area of
-minicomputers, workstations, PC's and microprocesors. It apparently satisfies
-a need for an easy-to-use integer benchmark; it gives a first performance
-indication which is more meaningful than MIPS numbers which, in their literal
-meaning (million instructions per second), cannot be used across different
-instruction sets (e.g. RISC vs. CISC). With the increasing use of the
-benchmark, it seems necessary to reconsider the benchmark and to check whether
-it can still fulfill this function. Version 2 of Dhrystone is the result of
-such a re-evaluation, it has been made for two reasons:
-
-o Dhrystone has been published in Ada [1], and Versions in Ada, Pascal and C
- have been distributed by Reinhold Weicker via floppy disk. However, the
- version that was used most often for benchmarking has been the version made
- by Rick Richardson by another translation from the Ada version into the C
- programming language, this has been the version distributed via the UNIX
- network Usenet [2].
-
- There is an obvious need for a common C version of Dhrystone, since C is at
- present the most popular system programming language for the class of
- systems (microcomputers, minicomputers, workstations) where Dhrystone is
- used most. There should be, as far as possible, only one C version of
- Dhrystone such that results can be compared without restrictions. In the
- past, the C versions distributed by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by
- Reinhold Weicker had small (though not significant) differences.
-
- Together with the new C version, the Ada and Pascal versions have been
- updated as well.
-
-o As far as it is possible without changes to the Dhrystone statistics,
- optimizing compilers should be prevented from removing significant
- statements. It has turned out in the past that optimizing compilers
- suppressed code generation for too many statements (by "dead code removal"
- or "dead variable elimination"). This has lead to the danger that
- benchmarking results obtained by a naive application of Dhrystone - without
- inspection of the code that was generated - could become meaningless.
-
-The overall policiy for version 2 has been that the distribution of
-statements, operand types and operand locality described in [1] should remain
-unchanged as much as possible. (Very few changes were necessary; their impact
-should be negligible.) Also, the order of statements should remain unchanged.
-Although I am aware of some critical remarks on the benchmark - I agree with
-several of them - and know some suggestions for improvement, I didn't want to
-change the benchmark into something different from what has become known as
-"Dhrystone"; the confusion generated by such a change would probably outweight
-the benefits. If I were to write a new benchmark program, I wouldn't give it
-the name "Dhrystone" since this denotes the program published in [1].
-However, I do recognize the need for a larger number of representative
-programs that can be used as benchmarks; users should always be encouraged to
-use more than just one benchmark.
-
-The new versions (version 2.1 for C, Pascal and Ada) will be distributed as
-widely as possible. (Version 2.1 differs from version 2.0 distributed via the
-UNIX Network Usenet in March 1988 only in a few corrections for minor
-deficiencies found by users of version 2.0.) Readers who want to use the
-benchmark for their own measurements can obtain a copy in machine-readable
-form on floppy disk (MS-DOS or XENIX format) from the author.
-
-
-2. Overall Characteristics of Version 2
-
-In general, version 2 follows - in the parts that are significant for
-performance measurement, i.e. within the measurement loop - the published
-(Ada) version and the C versions previously distributed. Where the versions
-distributed by Rick Richardson [2] and Reinhold Weicker have been different,
-it follows the version distributed by Reinhold Weicker. (However, the
-differences have been so small that their impact on execution time in all
-likelihood has been negligible.) The initialization and UNIX instrumentation
-part - which had been omitted in [1] - follows mostly the ideas of Rick
-Richardson [2]. However, any changes in the initialization part and in the
-printing of the result have no impact on performance measurement since they
-are outside the measaurement loop. As a concession to older compilers, names
-have been made unique within the first 8 characters for the C version.
-
-The original publication of Dhrystone did not contain any statements for time
-measurement since they are necessarily system-dependent. However, it turned
-out that it is not enough just to inclose the main procedure of Dhrystone in a
-loop and to measure the execution time. If the variables that are computed
-are not used somehow, there is the danger that the compiler considers them as
-"dead variables" and suppresses code generation for a part of the statements.
-Therefore in version 2 all variables of "main" are printed at the end of the
-program. This also permits some plausibility control for correct execution of
-the benchmark.
-
-At several places in the benchmark, code has been added, but only in branches
-that are not executed. The intention is that optimizing compilers should be
-prevented from moving code out of the measurement loop, or from removing code
-altogether. Statements that are executed have been changed in very few places
-only. In these cases, only the role of some operands has been changed, and it
-was made sure that the numbers defining the "Dhrystone distribution"
-(distribution of statements, operand types and locality) still hold as much as
-possible. Except for sophisticated optimizing compilers, execution times for
-version 2.1 should be the same as for previous versions.
-
-Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and distribution of the
-executed statements should not be changed, there are still cases where
-optimizing compilers may not generate code for some statements. To a certain
-degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic benchmarks. Users of the
-benchmark are advised to check code listings whether code is generated for all
-statements of Dhrystone.
-
-Contrary to the suggestion in the published paper and its realization in the
-versions previously distributed, no attempt has been made to subtract the time
-for the measurement loop overhead. (This calculation has proven difficult to
-implement in a correct way, and its omission makes the program simpler.)
-However, since the loop check is now part of the benchmark, this does have an
-impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution statistics which have
-been updated for this version.
-
-
-3. Discussion of Individual Changes
-
-In this section, all changes are described that affect the measurement loop
-and that are not just renamings of variables. All remarks refer to the C
-version; the other language versions have been updated similarly.
-
-In addition to adding the measurement loop and the printout statements,
-changes have been made at the following places:
-
-o In procedure "main", three statements have been added in the non-executed
- "then" part of the statement
-
- if (Enum_Loc == Func_1 (Ch_Index, 'C'))
-
- they are
-
- strcpy (Str_2_Loc, "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 3'RD STRING");
- Int_2_Loc = Run_Index;
- Int_Glob = Run_Index;
-
- The string assignment prevents movement of the preceding assignment to
- Str_2_Loc (5'th statement of "main") out of the measurement loop (This
- probably will not happen for the C version, but it did happen with another
- language and compiler.) The assignment to Int_2_Loc prevents value
- propagation for Int_2_Loc, and the assignment to Int_Glob makes the value of
- Int_Glob possibly dependent from the value of Run_Index.
-
-o In the three arithmetic computations at the end of the measurement loop in
- "main ", the role of some variables has been exchanged, to prevent the
- division from just cancelling out the multiplication as it was in [1]. A
- very smart compiler might have recognized this and suppressed code
- generation for the division.
-
-o For Proc_2, no code has been changed, but the values of the actual parameter
- have changed due to changes in "main".
-
-o In Proc_4, the second assignment has been changed from
-
- Bool_Loc = Bool_Loc | Bool_Glob;
-
- to
-
- Bool_Glob = Bool_Loc | Bool_Glob;
-
- It now assigns a value to a global variable instead of a local variable
- (Bool_Loc); Bool_Loc would be a "dead variable" which is not used
- afterwards.
-
-o In Func_1, the statement
-
- Ch_1_Glob = Ch_1_Loc;
-
- was added in the non-executed "else" part of the "if" statement, to prevent
- the suppression of code generation for the assignment to Ch_1_Loc.
-
-o In Func_2, the second character comparison statement has been changed to
-
- if (Ch_Loc == 'R')
-
- ('R' instead of 'X') because a comparison with 'X' is implied in the
- preceding "if" statement.
-
- Also in Func_2, the statement
-
- Int_Glob = Int_Loc;
-
- has been added in the non-executed part of the last "if" statement, in order
- to prevent Int_Loc from becoming a dead variable.
-
-o In Func_3, a non-executed "else" part has been added to the "if" statement.
- While the program would not be incorrect without this "else" part, it is
- considered bad programming practice if a function can be left without a
- return value.
-
- To compensate for this change, the (non-executed) "else" part in the "if"
- statement of Proc_3 was removed.
-
-The distribution statistics have been changed only by the addition of the
-measurement loop iteration (1 additional statement, 4 additional local integer
-operands) and by the change in Proc_4 (one operand changed from local to
-global). The distribution statistics in the comment headers have been updated
-accordingly.
-
-
-4. String Operations
-
-The string operations (string assignment and string comparison) have not been
-changed, to keep the program consistent with the original version.
-
-There has been some concern that the string operations are over-represented in
-the program, and that execution time is dominated by these operations. This
-was true in particular when optimizing compilers removed too much code in the
-main part of the program, this should have been mitigated in version 2.
-
-It should be noted that this is a language-dependent issue: Dhrystone was
-first published in Ada, and with Ada or Pascal semantics, the time spent in
-the string operations is, at least in all implementations known to me,
-considerably smaller. In Ada and Pascal, assignment and comparison of strings
-are operators defined in the language, and the upper bounds of the strings
-occuring in Dhrystone are part of the type information known at compilation
-time. The compilers can therefore generate efficient inline code. In C,
-string assignemt and comparisons are not part of the language, so the string
-operations must be expressed in terms of the C library functions "strcpy" and
-"strcmp". (ANSI C allows an implementation to use inline code for these
-functions.) In addition to the overhead caused by additional function calls,
-these functions are defined for null-terminated strings where the length of
-the strings is not known at compilation time; the function has to check every
-byte for the termination condition (the null byte).
-
-Obviously, a C library which includes efficiently coded "strcpy" and "strcmp"
-functions helps to obtain good Dhrystone results. However, I don't think that
-this is unfair since string functions do occur quite frequently in real
-programs (editors, command interpreters, etc.). If the strings functions are
-implemented efficiently, this helps real programs as well as benchmark
-programs.
-
-I admit that the string comparison in Dhrystone terminates later (after
-scanning 20 characters) than most string comparisons in real programs. For
-consistency with the original benchmark, I didn't change the program despite
-this weakness.
-
-
-5. Intended Use of Dhrystone
-
-When Dhrystone is used, the following "ground rules" apply:
-
-o Separate compilation (Ada and C versions)
-
- As mentioned in [1], Dhrystone was written to reflect actual programming
- practice in systems programming. The division into several compilation
- units (5 in the Ada version, 2 in the C version) is intended, as is the
- distribution of inter-module and intra-module subprogram calls. Although on
- many systems there will be no difference in execution time to a Dhrystone
- version where all compilation units are merged into one file, the rule is
- that separate compilation should be used. The intention is that real
- programming practice, where programs consist of several independently
- compiled units, should be reflected. This also has implies that the
- compiler, while compiling one unit, has no information about the use of
- variables, register allocation etc. occuring in other compilation units.
- Although in real life compilation units will probably be larger, the
- intention is that these effects of separate compilation are modeled in
- Dhrystone.
-
- A few language systems have post-linkage optimization available (e.g., final
- register allocation is performed after linkage). This is a borderline case:
- Post-linkage optimization involves additional program preparation time
- (although not as much as compilation in one unit) which may prevent its
- general use in practical programming. I think that since it defeats the
- intentions given above, it should not be used for Dhrystone.
-
- Unfortunately, ISO/ANSI Pascal does not contain language features for
- separate compilation. Although most commercial Pascal compilers provide
- separate compilation in some way, we cannot use it for Dhrystone since such
- a version would not be portable. Therefore, no attempt has been made to
- provide a Pascal version with several compilation units.
-
-o No procedure merging
-
- Although Dhrystone contains some very short procedures where execution would
- benefit from procedure merging (inlining, macro expansion of procedures),
- procedure merging is not to be used. The reason is that the percentage of
- procedure and function calls is part of the "Dhrystone distribution" of
- statements contained in [1]. This restriction does not hold for the string
- functions of the C version since ANSI C allows an implementation to use
- inline code for these functions.
-
-o Other optimizations are allowed, but they should be indicated
-
- It is often hard to draw an exact line between "normal code generation" and
- "optimization" in compilers: Some compilers perform operations by default
- that are invoked in other compilers only when optimization is explicitly
- requested. Also, we cannot avoid that in benchmarking people try to achieve
- results that look as good as possible. Therefore, optimizations performed
- by compilers - other than those listed above - are not forbidden when
- Dhrystone execution times are measured. Dhrystone is not intended to be
- non-optimizable but is intended to be similarly optimizable as normal
- programs. For example, there are several places in Dhrystone where
- performance benefits from optimizations like common subexpression
- elimination, value propagation etc., but normal programs usually also
- benefit from these optimizations. Therefore, no effort was made to
- artificially prevent such optimizations. However, measurement reports
- should indicate which compiler optimization levels have been used, and
- reporting results with different levels of compiler optimization for the
- same hardware is encouraged.
-
-o Default results are those without "register" declarations (C version)
-
- When Dhrystone results are quoted without additional qualification, they
- should be understood as results obtained without use of the "register"
- attribute. Good compilers should be able to make good use of registers even
- without explicit register declarations ([3], p. 193).
-
-Of course, for experimental purposes, post-linkage optimization, procedure
-merging and/or compilation in one unit can be done to determine their effects.
-However, Dhrystone numbers obtained under these conditions should be
-explicitly marked as such; "normal" Dhrystone results should be understood as
-results obtained following the ground rules listed above.
-
-In any case, for serious performance evaluation, users are advised to ask for
-code listings and to check them carefully. In this way, when results for
-different systems are compared, the reader can get a feeling how much
-performance difference is due to compiler optimization and how much is due to
-hardware speed.
-
-
-6. Acknowledgements
-
-The C version 2.1 of Dhrystone has been developed in cooperation with Rick
-Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many ideas from the "Version
-1.1" distributed previously by him over the UNIX network Usenet. Through his
-activity with Usenet, Rick Richardson has made a very valuable contribution to
-the dissemination of the benchmark. I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National
-Semiconductor), David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS), Alan
-Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley) for their help with
-comments on earlier versions of the benchmark.
-
-
-7. Bibliography
-
-[1]
- Reinhold P. Weicker: Dhrystone: A Synthetic Systems Programming Benchmark.
- Communications of the ACM 27, 10 (Oct. 1984), 1013-1030
-
-[2]
- Rick Richardson: Dhrystone 1.1 Benchmark Summary (and Program Text)
- Informal Distribution via "Usenet", Last Version Known to me: Sept. 21,
- 1987
-
-[3]
- Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie: The C Programming Language.
- Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (NJ) 1978
-
//GO.SYSIN DD RATIONALE
echo README_C 1>&2
sed >README_C <<'//GO.SYSIN DD README_C' 's/^-//'
-This "shar" file contains the documentation for the
-electronic mail distribution of the Dhrystone benchmark (C version 2.1);
-a companion "shar" file contains the source code.
-(Because of mail length restrictions for some mailers, I have
-split the distribution in two parts.)
-
-For versions in other languages, see the other "shar" files.
-
-Files containing the C version (*.h: Header File, *.c: C Modules)
-
- dhry.h
- dhry_1.c
- dhry_2.c
-
-The file RATIONALE contains the article
-
- "Dhrystone Benchmark: Rationale for Version 2 and Measurement Rules"
-
-which has been published, together with the C source code (Version 2.0),
-in SIGPLAN Notices vol. 23, no. 8 (Aug. 1988), pp. 49-62.
-This article explains all changes that have been made for Version 2,
-compared with the version of the original publication
-in Communications of the ACM vol. 27, no. 10 (Oct. 1984), pp. 1013-1030.
-It also contains "ground rules" for benchmarking with Dhrystone
-which should be followed by everyone who uses the program and publishes
-Dhrystone results.
-
-Compared with the Version 2.0 published in SIGPLAN Notices, Version 2.1
-contains a few corrections that have been made after Version 2.0 was
-distriobuted over the UNIX network Usenet. These small differences between
-Version 2.0 and 2.1 should not affect execution time measurements.
-For those who want to compare the exact contents of both versions,
-the file "dhry_c.dif" contains the differences between the two versions,
-as generated by a file comparison of the corresponding files with the
-UNIX utility "diff".
-
-The file VARIATIONS contains the article
-
- "Understanding Variations in Dhrystone Performance"
-
-which has been published in Microprocessor Report, May 1989
-(Editor: M. Slater), pp. 16-17. It describes the points that users
-should know if C Dhrystone results are compared.
-
-Recipients of this shar file who perform measurements are asked
-to send measurement results to the author and/or to Rick Richardson.
-Rick Richardson publishes regularly Dhrystone results on the UNIX network
-Usenet. For submissions of results to him (preferably by electronic mail,
-see address in the program header), he has provided a form which is contained
-in the file "submit.frm".
-
-
-The following files are contained in other "shar" files:
-
-Files containing the Ada version (*.s: Specifications, *.b: Bodies):
-
- d_global.s
- d_main.b
- d_pack_1.b
- d_pack_1.s
- d_pack_2.b
- d_pack_2.s
-
-File containing the Pascal version:
-
- dhry.p
-
-
-February 22, 1990
-
- Reinhold P. Weicker
- Siemens AG, AUT E 51
- Postfach 3220
- D-8520 Erlangen
- Germany (West)
-
- Phone: [xxx-49]-9131-7-20330 (8-17 Central European Time)
- UUCP: ..!mcsun!unido!estevax!weicker
//GO.SYSIN DD README_C
echo VARIATIONS 1>&2
sed >VARIATIONS <<'//GO.SYSIN DD VARIATIONS' 's/^-//'
-
- Understanding Variations in Dhrystone Performance
-
-
-
- By Reinhold P. Weicker, Siemens AG, AUT E 51, Erlangen
-
-
-
- April 1989
-
-
- This article has appeared in:
-
-
- Microprocessor Report, May 1989 (Editor: M. Slater), pp. 16-17
-
-
-
-
-Microprocessor manufacturers tend to credit all the performance measured by
-benchmarks to the speed of their processors, they often don't even mention the
-programming language and compiler used. In their detailed documents, usually
-called "performance brief" or "performance report," they usually do give more
-details. However, these details are often lost in the press releases and other
-marketing statements. For serious performance evaluation, it is necessary to
-study the code generated by the various compilers.
-
-Dhrystone was originally published in Ada (Communications of the ACM, Oct.
-1984). However, since good Ada compilers were rare at this time and, together
-with UNIX, C became more and more popular, the C version of Dhrystone is the
-one now mainly used in industry. There are "official" versions 2.1 for Ada,
-Pascal, and C, which are as close together as the languages' semantic
-differences permit.
-
-Dhrystone contains two statements where the programming language and its
-translation play a major part in the execution time measured by the benchmark:
-
- o String assignment (in procedure Proc_0 / main)
- o String comparison (in function Func_2)
-
-In Ada and Pascal, strings are arrays of characters where the length of the
-string is part of the type information known at compile time. In C, strings
-are also arrays of characters, but there are no operators defined in the
-language for assignment and comparison of strings. Instead, functions
-"strcpy" and "strcmp" are used. These functions are defined for strings of
-arbitrary length, and make use of the fact that strings in C have to end with
-a terminating null byte. For general-purpose calls to these functions, the
-implementor can assume nothing about the length and the alignment of the
-strings involved.
-
-The C version of Dhrystone spends a relatively large amount of time in these
-two functions. Some time ago, I made measurements on a VAX 11/785 with the
-Berkeley UNIX (4.2) compilers (often-used compilers, but certainly not the
-most advanced). In the C version, 23% of the time was spent in the string
-functions; in the Pascal version, only 10%. On good RISC machines (where less
-time is spent in the procedure calling sequence than on a VAX) and with better
-optimizing compilers, the percentage is higher; MIPS has reported 34% for an
-R3000. Because of this effect, Pascal and Ada Dhrystone results are usually
-better than C results (except when the optimization quality of the C compiler
-is considerably better than that of the other compilers).
-
-Several people have noted that the string operations are over-represented in
-Dhrystone, mainly because the strings occurring in Dhrystone are longer than
-average strings. I admit that this is true, and have said so in my SIGPLAN
-Notices paper (Aug. 1988); however, I didn't want to generate confusion by
-changing the string lengths from version 1 to version 2.
-
-Even if they are somewhat over-represented in Dhrystone, string operations are
-frequent enough that it makes sense to implement them in the most efficient
-way possible, not only for benchmarking purposes. This means that they can
-and should be written in assembly language code. ANSI C also explicitly allows
-the strings functions to be implemented as macros, i.e. by inline code.
-
-There is also a third way to speed up the "strcpy" statement in Dhrystone: For
-this particular "strcpy" statement, the source of the assignment is a string
-constant. Therefore, in contrast to calls to "strcpy" in the general case, the
-compiler knows the length and alignment of the strings involved at compile
-time and can generate code in the same efficient way as a Pascal compiler
-(word instructions instead of byte instructions).
-
-This is not allowed in the case of the "strcmp" call: Here, the addresses are
-formal procedure parameters, and no assumptions can be made about the length
-or alignment of the strings. Any such assumptions would indicate an incorrect
-implementation. They might work for Dhrystone, where the strings are in fact
-word-aligned with typical compilers, but other programs would deliver
-incorrect results.
-
-So, for an apple-to-apple comparison between processors, and not between
-several possible (legal or illegal) degrees of compiler optimization, one
-should check that the systems are comparable with respect to the following
-three points:
-
- (1) String functions in assembly language vs. in C
-
- Frequently used functions such as the string functions can and should be
- written in assembly language, and all serious C language systems known
- to me do this. (I list this point for completeness only.) Note that
- processors with an instruction that checks a word for a null byte (such
- as AMD's 29000 and Intel's 80960) have an advantage here. (This
- advantage decreases relatively if optimization (3) is applied.) Due to
- the length of the strings involved in Dhrystone, this advantage may be
- considered too high in perspective, but it is certainly legal to use
- such instructions - after all, these situations are what they were
- invented for.
-
- (2) String function code inline vs. as library functions.
-
- ANSI C has created a new situation, compared with the older
- Kernighan/Ritchie C. In the original C, the definition of the string
- function was not part of the language. Now it is, and inlining is
- explicitly allowed. I probably should have stated more clearly in my
- SIGPLAN Notices paper that the rule "No procedure inlining for
- Dhrystone" referred to the user level procedures only and not to the
- library routines.
-
- (3) Fixed-length and alignment assumptions for the strings
-
- Compilers should be allowed to optimize in these cases if (and only if)
- it is safe to do so. For Dhrystone, this is the "strcpy" statement, but
- not the "strcmp" statement (unless, of course, the "strcmp" code
- explicitly checks the alignment at execution time and branches
- accordingly). A "Dhrystone switch" for the compiler that causes the
- generation of code that may not work under certain circumstances is
- certainly inappropriate for comparisons. It has been reported in Usenet
- that some C compilers provide such a compiler option; since I don't have
- access to all C compilers involved, I cannot verify this.
-
- If the fixed-length and word-alignment assumption can be used, a wide
- bus that permits fast multi-word load instructions certainly does help;
- however, this fact by itself should not make a really big difference.
-
-A check of these points - something that is necessary for a thorough
-evaluation and comparison of the Dhrystone performance claims - requires
-object code listings as well as listings for the string functions (strcpy,
-strcmp) that are possibly called by the program.
-
-I don't pretend that Dhrystone is a perfect tool to measure the integer
-performance of microprocessors. The more it is used and discussed, the more I
-myself learn about aspects that I hadn't noticed yet when I wrote the program.
-And of course, the very success of a benchmark program is a danger in that
-people may tune their compilers and/or hardware to it, and with this action
-make it less useful.
-
-Whetstone and Linpack have their critical points also: The Whetstone rating
-depends heavily on the speed of the mathematical functions (sine, sqrt, ...),
-and Linpack is sensitive to data alignment for some cache configurations.
-
-Introduction of a standard set of public domain benchmark software (something
-the SPEC effort attempts) is certainly a worthwhile thing. In the meantime,
-people will continue to use whatever is available and widely distributed, and
-Dhrystone ratings are probably still better than MIPS ratings if these are -
-as often in industry - based on no reproducible derivation. However, any
-serious performance evaluation requires more than just a comparison of raw
-numbers; one has to make sure that the numbers have been obtained in a
-comparable way.
-
//GO.SYSIN DD VARIATIONS
echo dhry.h 1>&2
sed >dhry.h <<'//GO.SYSIN DD dhry.h' 's/^-//'
-/*
- ****************************************************************************
- *
- * "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
- * -----------------------------
- *
- * Version: C, Version 2.1
- *
- * File: dhry.h (part 1 of 3)
- *
- * Date: May 25, 1988
- *
- * Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
- * Siemens AG, AUT E 51
- * Postfach 3220
- * 8520 Erlangen
- * Germany (West)
- * Phone: [+49]-9131-7-20330
- * (8-17 Central European Time)
- * Usenet: ..!mcsun!unido!estevax!weicker
- *
- * Original Version (in Ada) published in
- * "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984),
- * pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics
- * on which the distribution of statements etc. is based.
- *
- * In this C version, the following C library functions are used:
- * - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop)
- * - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop)
- * In addition, Berkeley UNIX system calls "times ()" or "time ()"
- * are used for execution time measurement. For measurements
- * on other systems, these calls have to be changed.
- *
- * Collection of Results:
- * Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and
- *
- * Rick Richardson
- * PC Research. Inc.
- * 94 Apple Orchard Drive
- * Tinton Falls, NJ 07724
- * Phone: (201) 389-8963 (9-17 EST)
- * Usenet: ...!uunet!pcrat!rick
- *
- * Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.
- * Complete information should be given on hardware and software used.
- * Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and size
- * of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed
- * (number of wait states).
- * Software information includes: Compiler (and runtime library)
- * manufacturer and version, compilation switches, OS version.
- * The Operating System version may give an indication about the
- * compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS calls in the measurement loop.
- *
- * The complete output generated by the program should be mailed
- * such that at least some checks for correctness can be made.
- *
- ***************************************************************************
- *
- * History: This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:
- *
- * 1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of
- * Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system
- * programming language for the class of processors
- * (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used most.
- * There should be, as far as possible, only one C version of
- * Dhrystone such that results can be compared without
- * restrictions. In the past, the C versions distributed
- * by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by Reinhold Weicker
- * had small (though not significant) differences.
- *
- * 2) As far as it is possible without changes to the Dhrystone
- * statistics, optimizing compilers should be prevented from
- * removing significant statements.
- *
- * This C version has been developed in cooperation with
- * Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many
- * ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by
- * him over the UNIX network Usenet.
- * I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor),
- * David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS),
- * Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley)
- * for their help with comments on earlier versions of the
- * benchmark.
- *
- * Changes: In the initialization part, this version follows mostly
- * Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the
- * version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold Weicker.
- * As a concession to older compilers, names have been made
- * unique within the first 8 characters.
- * Inside the measurement loop, this version follows the
- * version previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker.
- *
- * At several places in the benchmark, code has been added,
- * but within the measurement loop only in branches that
- * are not executed. The intention is that optimizing compilers
- * should be prevented from moving code out of the measurement
- * loop, or from removing code altogether. Since the statements
- * that are executed within the measurement loop have NOT been
- * changed, the numbers defining the "Dhrystone distribution"
- * (distribution of statements, operand types and locality)
- * still hold. Except for sophisticated optimizing compilers,
- * execution times for this version should be the same as
- * for previous versions.
- *
- * Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the
- * measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check
- * has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have
- * an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution
- * statistics which have been updated for this version.
- *
- * All changes within the measurement loop are described
- * and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for
- * Dhrystone version 2".
- *
- * Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and
- * distribution of the executed statements should not be
- * changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers
- * may not generate code for some statements. To a certain
- * degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic benchmarks.
- * Users of the benchmark are advised to check code listings
- * whether code is generated for all statements of Dhrystone.
- *
- * Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via
- * the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it corrects
- * some minor deficiencies that were found by users of version 2.0.
- * The only change within the measurement loop is that a
- * non-executed "else" part was added to the "if" statement in
- * Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part removed from Proc_3.
- *
- ***************************************************************************
- *
- * Defines: The following "Defines" are possible:
- * -DREG=register (default: Not defined)
- * As an approximation to what an average C programmer
- * might do, the "register" storage class is applied
- * (if enabled by -DREG=register)
- * - for local variables, if they are used (dynamically)
- * five or more times
- * - for parameters if they are used (dynamically)
- * six or more times
- * Note that an optimal "register" strategy is
- * compiler-dependent, and that "register" declarations
- * do not necessarily lead to faster execution.
- * -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN (default: Not defined)
- * Define if the C compiler does not support
- * assignment of structures.
- * -DNOENUMS (default: Not defined)
- * Define if the C compiler does not support
- * enumeration types.
- * -DTIMES (default)
- * -DTIME
- * The "times" function of UNIX (returning process times)
- * or the "time" function (returning wallclock time)
- * is used for measurement.
- * For single user machines, "time ()" is adequate. For
- * multi-user machines where you cannot get single-user
- * access, use the "times ()" function. If you have
- * neither, use a stopwatch in the dead of night.
- * "printf"s are provided marking the points "Start Timer"
- * and "Stop Timer". DO NOT use the UNIX "time(1)"
- * command, as this will measure the total time to
- * run this program, which will (erroneously) include
- * the time to allocate storage (malloc) and to perform
- * the initialization.
- * -DHZ=nnn
- * In Berkeley UNIX, the function "times" returns process
- * time in 1/HZ seconds, with HZ = 60 for most systems.
- * CHECK YOUR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION BEFORE YOU JUST APPLY
- * A VALUE.
- *
- ***************************************************************************
- *
- * Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT):
- *
- * This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files:
- * - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
- * - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
- * - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
- *
- * The following "ground rules" apply for measurements:
- * - Separate compilation
- * - No procedure merging
- * - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be indicated
- * - Default results are those without register declarations
- * See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more
- * detailed discussion of these ground rules.
- *
- * For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation
- * models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible,
- * together with a definition of these models for the compiler system used.
- *
- **************************************************************************
- *
- * Dhrystone (C version) statistics:
- *
- * [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2.
- * Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly
- * different from the Ada version.]
- *
- * The following program contains statements of a high level programming
- * language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative:
- *
- * assignments 52 (51.0 %)
- * control statements 33 (32.4 %)
- * procedure, function calls 17 (16.7 %)
- *
- * 103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with
- * respect to the three aspects:
- *
- * - statement type
- * - operand type
- * - operand locality
- * operand global, local, parameter, or constant.
- *
- * The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately.
- *
- * 1. Statement Type:
- * ----------------- number
- *
- * V1 = V2 9
- * (incl. V1 = F(..)
- * V = Constant 12
- * Assignment, 7
- * with array element
- * Assignment, 6
- * with record component
- * --
- * 34 34
- *
- * X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z 5
- * X = Y +|-|"==" Constant 6
- * X = X +|- 1 3
- * X = Y *|/ Z 2
- * X = Expression, 1
- * two operators
- * X = Expression, 1
- * three operators
- * --
- * 18 18
- *
- * if .... 14
- * with "else" 7
- * without "else" 7
- * executed 3
- * not executed 4
- * for ... 7 | counted every time
- * while ... 4 | the loop condition
- * do ... while 1 | is evaluated
- * switch ... 1
- * break 1
- * declaration with 1
- * initialization
- * --
- * 34 34
- *
- * P (...) procedure call 11
- * user procedure 10
- * library procedure 1
- * X = F (...)
- * function call 6
- * user function 5
- * library function 1
- * --
- * 17 17
- * ---
- * 103
- *
- * The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls
- * is 1.82 (not counting the function values as implicit parameters).
- *
- *
- * 2. Operators
- * ------------
- * number approximate
- * percentage
- *
- * Arithmetic 32 50.8
- *
- * + 21 33.3
- * - 7 11.1
- * * 3 4.8
- * / (int div) 1 1.6
- *
- * Comparison 27 42.8
- *
- * == 9 14.3
- * /= 4 6.3
- * > 1 1.6
- * < 3 4.8
- * >= 1 1.6
- * <= 9 14.3
- *
- * Logic 4 6.3
- *
- * && (AND-THEN) 1 1.6
- * | (OR) 1 1.6
- * ! (NOT) 2 3.2
- *
- * -- -----
- * 63 100.1
- *
- *
- * 3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference):
- * ---------------
- * number approximate
- * percentage
- *
- * Integer 175 72.3 %
- * Character 45 18.6 %
- * Pointer 12 5.0 %
- * String30 6 2.5 %
- * Array 2 0.8 %
- * Record 2 0.8 %
- * --- -------
- * 242 100.0 %
- *
- * When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a record
- * component), only the final data type on the access path is counted.
- *
- *
- * 4. Operand Locality:
- * -------------------
- * number approximate
- * percentage
- *
- * local variable 114 47.1 %
- * global variable 22 9.1 %
- * parameter 45 18.6 %
- * value 23 9.5 %
- * reference 22 9.1 %
- * function result 6 2.5 %
- * constant 55 22.7 %
- * --- -------
- * 242 100.0 %
- *
- *
- * The program does not compute anything meaningful, but it is syntactically
- * and semantically correct. All variables have a value assigned to them
- * before they are used as a source operand.
- *
- * There has been no explicit effort to account for the effects of a
- * cache, or to balance the use of long or short displacements for code or
- * data.
- *
- ***************************************************************************
- */
-
-/* Compiler and system dependent definitions: */
-
-#ifndef TIME
-#define TIMES
-#endif
- /* Use times(2) time function unless */
- /* explicitly defined otherwise */
-
-#ifdef TIMES
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/times.h>
- /* for "times" */
-#endif
-
-#define Mic_secs_Per_Second 1000000.0
- /* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */
-
-#ifdef NOSTRUCTASSIGN
-#define structassign(d, s) memcpy(&(d), &(s), sizeof(d))
-#else
-#define structassign(d, s) d = s
-#endif
-
-#ifdef NOENUM
-#define Ident_1 0
-#define Ident_2 1
-#define Ident_3 2
-#define Ident_4 3
-#define Ident_5 4
- typedef int Enumeration;
-#else
- typedef enum {Ident_1, Ident_2, Ident_3, Ident_4, Ident_5}
- Enumeration;
-#endif
- /* for boolean and enumeration types in Ada, Pascal */
-
-/* General definitions: */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
- /* for strcpy, strcmp */
-
-#define Null 0
- /* Value of a Null pointer */
-#define true 1
-#define false 0
-
-typedef int One_Thirty;
-typedef int One_Fifty;
-typedef char Capital_Letter;
-typedef int Boolean;
-typedef char Str_30 [31];
-typedef int Arr_1_Dim [50];
-typedef int Arr_2_Dim [50] [50];
-
-typedef struct record
- {
- struct record *Ptr_Comp;
- Enumeration Discr;
- union {
- struct {
- Enumeration Enum_Comp;
- int Int_Comp;
- char Str_Comp [31];
- } var_1;
- struct {
- Enumeration E_Comp_2;
- char Str_2_Comp [31];
- } var_2;
- struct {
- char Ch_1_Comp;
- char Ch_2_Comp;
- } var_3;
- } variant;
- } Rec_Type, *Rec_Pointer;
-
-
//GO.SYSIN DD dhry.h
echo dhry_1.c 1>&2
sed >dhry_1.c <<'//GO.SYSIN DD dhry_1.c' 's/^-//'
-/*
- ****************************************************************************
- *
- * "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
- * -----------------------------
- *
- * Version: C, Version 2.1
- *
- * File: dhry_1.c (part 2 of 3)
- *
- * Date: May 25, 1988
- *
- * Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
- *
- ****************************************************************************
- */
-
-#include "dhry.h"
-
-/* Global Variables: */
-
-Rec_Pointer Ptr_Glob,
- Next_Ptr_Glob;
-int Int_Glob;
-Boolean Bool_Glob;
-char Ch_1_Glob,
- Ch_2_Glob;
-int Arr_1_Glob [50];
-int Arr_2_Glob [50] [50];
-
-extern char *malloc ();
-Enumeration Func_1 ();
- /* forward declaration necessary since Enumeration may not simply be int */
-
-#ifndef REG
- Boolean Reg = false;
-#define REG
- /* REG becomes defined as empty */
- /* i.e. no register variables */
-#else
- Boolean Reg = true;
-#endif
-
-/* variables for time measurement: */
-
-#ifdef TIMES
-struct tms time_info;
-extern int times ();
- /* see library function "times" */
-#define Too_Small_Time 120
- /* Measurements should last at least about 2 seconds */
-#endif
-#ifdef TIME
-extern long time();
- /* see library function "time" */
-#define Too_Small_Time 2
- /* Measurements should last at least 2 seconds */
-#endif
-
-long Begin_Time,
- End_Time,
- User_Time;
-float Microseconds,
- Dhrystones_Per_Second;
-
-/* end of variables for time measurement */
-
-
-main ()
-/*****/
-
- /* main program, corresponds to procedures */
- /* Main and Proc_0 in the Ada version */
-{
- One_Fifty Int_1_Loc;
- REG One_Fifty Int_2_Loc;
- One_Fifty Int_3_Loc;
- REG char Ch_Index;
- Enumeration Enum_Loc;
- Str_30 Str_1_Loc;
- Str_30 Str_2_Loc;
- REG int Run_Index;
- REG int Number_Of_Runs;
-
- /* Initializations */
-
- Next_Ptr_Glob = (Rec_Pointer) malloc (sizeof (Rec_Type));
- Ptr_Glob = (Rec_Pointer) malloc (sizeof (Rec_Type));
-
- Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp = Next_Ptr_Glob;
- Ptr_Glob->Discr = Ident_1;
- Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp = Ident_3;
- Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Int_Comp = 40;
- strcpy (Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Str_Comp,
- "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING");
- strcpy (Str_1_Loc, "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING");
-
- Arr_2_Glob [8][7] = 10;
- /* Was missing in published program. Without this statement, */
- /* Arr_2_Glob [8][7] would have an undefined value. */
- /* Warning: With 16-Bit processors and Number_Of_Runs > 32000, */
- /* overflow may occur for this array element. */
-
- printf ("\n");
- printf ("Dhrystone Benchmark, Version 2.1 (Language: C)\n");
- printf ("\n");
- if (Reg)
- {
- printf ("Program compiled with 'register' attribute\n");
- printf ("\n");
- }
- else
- {
- printf ("Program compiled without 'register' attribute\n");
- printf ("\n");
- }
- printf ("Please give the number of runs through the benchmark: ");
- {
- int n;
- scanf ("%d", &n);
- Number_Of_Runs = n;
- }
- printf ("\n");
-
- printf ("Execution starts, %d runs through Dhrystone\n", Number_Of_Runs);
-
- /***************/
- /* Start timer */
- /***************/
-
-#ifdef TIMES
- times (&time_info);
- Begin_Time = (long) time_info.tms_utime;
-#endif
-#ifdef TIME
- Begin_Time = time ( (long *) 0);
-#endif
-
- for (Run_Index = 1; Run_Index <= Number_Of_Runs; ++Run_Index)
- {
-
- Proc_5();
- Proc_4();
- /* Ch_1_Glob == 'A', Ch_2_Glob == 'B', Bool_Glob == true */
- Int_1_Loc = 2;
- Int_2_Loc = 3;
- strcpy (Str_2_Loc, "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING");
- Enum_Loc = Ident_2;
- Bool_Glob = ! Func_2 (Str_1_Loc, Str_2_Loc);
- /* Bool_Glob == 1 */
- while (Int_1_Loc < Int_2_Loc) /* loop body executed once */
- {
- Int_3_Loc = 5 * Int_1_Loc - Int_2_Loc;
- /* Int_3_Loc == 7 */
- Proc_7 (Int_1_Loc, Int_2_Loc, &Int_3_Loc);
- /* Int_3_Loc == 7 */
- Int_1_Loc += 1;
- } /* while */
- /* Int_1_Loc == 3, Int_2_Loc == 3, Int_3_Loc == 7 */
- Proc_8 (Arr_1_Glob, Arr_2_Glob, Int_1_Loc, Int_3_Loc);
- /* Int_Glob == 5 */
- Proc_1 (Ptr_Glob);
- for (Ch_Index = 'A'; Ch_Index <= Ch_2_Glob; ++Ch_Index)
- /* loop body executed twice */
- {
- if (Enum_Loc == Func_1 (Ch_Index, 'C'))
- /* then, not executed */
- {
- Proc_6 (Ident_1, &Enum_Loc);
- strcpy (Str_2_Loc, "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 3'RD STRING");
- Int_2_Loc = Run_Index;
- Int_Glob = Run_Index;
- }
- }
- /* Int_1_Loc == 3, Int_2_Loc == 3, Int_3_Loc == 7 */
- Int_2_Loc = Int_2_Loc * Int_1_Loc;
- Int_1_Loc = Int_2_Loc / Int_3_Loc;
- Int_2_Loc = 7 * (Int_2_Loc - Int_3_Loc) - Int_1_Loc;
- /* Int_1_Loc == 1, Int_2_Loc == 13, Int_3_Loc == 7 */
- Proc_2 (&Int_1_Loc);
- /* Int_1_Loc == 5 */
-
- } /* loop "for Run_Index" */
-
- /**************/
- /* Stop timer */
- /**************/
-
-#ifdef TIMES
- times (&time_info);
- End_Time = (long) time_info.tms_utime;
-#endif
-#ifdef TIME
- End_Time = time ( (long *) 0);
-#endif
-
- printf ("Execution ends\n");
- printf ("\n");
- printf ("Final values of the variables used in the benchmark:\n");
- printf ("\n");
- printf ("Int_Glob: %d\n", Int_Glob);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 5);
- printf ("Bool_Glob: %d\n", Bool_Glob);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 1);
- printf ("Ch_1_Glob: %c\n", Ch_1_Glob);
- printf (" should be: %c\n", 'A');
- printf ("Ch_2_Glob: %c\n", Ch_2_Glob);
- printf (" should be: %c\n", 'B');
- printf ("Arr_1_Glob[8]: %d\n", Arr_1_Glob[8]);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 7);
- printf ("Arr_2_Glob[8][7]: %d\n", Arr_2_Glob[8][7]);
- printf (" should be: Number_Of_Runs + 10\n");
- printf ("Ptr_Glob->\n");
- printf (" Ptr_Comp: %d\n", (int) Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp);
- printf (" should be: (implementation-dependent)\n");
- printf (" Discr: %d\n", Ptr_Glob->Discr);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 0);
- printf (" Enum_Comp: %d\n", Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 2);
- printf (" Int_Comp: %d\n", Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Int_Comp);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 17);
- printf (" Str_Comp: %s\n", Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Str_Comp);
- printf (" should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING\n");
- printf ("Next_Ptr_Glob->\n");
- printf (" Ptr_Comp: %d\n", (int) Next_Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp);
- printf (" should be: (implementation-dependent), same as above\n");
- printf (" Discr: %d\n", Next_Ptr_Glob->Discr);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 0);
- printf (" Enum_Comp: %d\n", Next_Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 1);
- printf (" Int_Comp: %d\n", Next_Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Int_Comp);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 18);
- printf (" Str_Comp: %s\n",
- Next_Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Str_Comp);
- printf (" should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING\n");
- printf ("Int_1_Loc: %d\n", Int_1_Loc);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 5);
- printf ("Int_2_Loc: %d\n", Int_2_Loc);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 13);
- printf ("Int_3_Loc: %d\n", Int_3_Loc);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 7);
- printf ("Enum_Loc: %d\n", Enum_Loc);
- printf (" should be: %d\n", 1);
- printf ("Str_1_Loc: %s\n", Str_1_Loc);
- printf (" should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING\n");
- printf ("Str_2_Loc: %s\n", Str_2_Loc);
- printf (" should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING\n");
- printf ("\n");
-
- User_Time = End_Time - Begin_Time;
-
- if (User_Time < Too_Small_Time)
- {
- printf ("Measured time too small to obtain meaningful results\n");
- printf ("Please increase number of runs\n");
- printf ("\n");
- }
- else
- {
-#ifdef TIME
- Microseconds = (float) User_Time * Mic_secs_Per_Second
- / (float) Number_Of_Runs;
- Dhrystones_Per_Second = (float) Number_Of_Runs / (float) User_Time;
-#else
- Microseconds = (float) User_Time * Mic_secs_Per_Second
- / ((float) HZ * ((float) Number_Of_Runs));
- Dhrystones_Per_Second = ((float) HZ * (float) Number_Of_Runs)
- / (float) User_Time;
-#endif
- printf ("Microseconds for one run through Dhrystone: ");
- printf ("%6.1f \n", Microseconds);
- printf ("Dhrystones per Second: ");
- printf ("%6.1f \n", Dhrystones_Per_Second);
- printf ("\n");
- }
-
-}
-
-
-Proc_1 (Ptr_Val_Par)
-/******************/
-
-REG Rec_Pointer Ptr_Val_Par;
- /* executed once */
-{
- REG Rec_Pointer Next_Record = Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp;
- /* == Ptr_Glob_Next */
- /* Local variable, initialized with Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp, */
- /* corresponds to "rename" in Ada, "with" in Pascal */
-
- structassign (*Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp, *Ptr_Glob);
- Ptr_Val_Par->variant.var_1.Int_Comp = 5;
- Next_Record->variant.var_1.Int_Comp
- = Ptr_Val_Par->variant.var_1.Int_Comp;
- Next_Record->Ptr_Comp = Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp;
- Proc_3 (&Next_Record->Ptr_Comp);
- /* Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp->Ptr_Comp
- == Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp */
- if (Next_Record->Discr == Ident_1)
- /* then, executed */
- {
- Next_Record->variant.var_1.Int_Comp = 6;
- Proc_6 (Ptr_Val_Par->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp,
- &Next_Record->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp);
- Next_Record->Ptr_Comp = Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp;
- Proc_7 (Next_Record->variant.var_1.Int_Comp, 10,
- &Next_Record->variant.var_1.Int_Comp);
- }
- else /* not executed */
- structassign (*Ptr_Val_Par, *Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp);
-} /* Proc_1 */
-
-
-Proc_2 (Int_Par_Ref)
-/******************/
- /* executed once */
- /* *Int_Par_Ref == 1, becomes 4 */
-
-One_Fifty *Int_Par_Ref;
-{
- One_Fifty Int_Loc;
- Enumeration Enum_Loc;
-
- Int_Loc = *Int_Par_Ref + 10;
- do /* executed once */
- if (Ch_1_Glob == 'A')
- /* then, executed */
- {
- Int_Loc -= 1;
- *Int_Par_Ref = Int_Loc - Int_Glob;
- Enum_Loc = Ident_1;
- } /* if */
- while (Enum_Loc != Ident_1); /* true */
-} /* Proc_2 */
-
-
-Proc_3 (Ptr_Ref_Par)
-/******************/
- /* executed once */
- /* Ptr_Ref_Par becomes Ptr_Glob */
-
-Rec_Pointer *Ptr_Ref_Par;
-
-{
- if (Ptr_Glob != Null)
- /* then, executed */
- *Ptr_Ref_Par = Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp;
- Proc_7 (10, Int_Glob, &Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Int_Comp);
-} /* Proc_3 */
-
-
-Proc_4 () /* without parameters */
-/*******/
- /* executed once */
-{
- Boolean Bool_Loc;
-
- Bool_Loc = Ch_1_Glob == 'A';
- Bool_Glob = Bool_Loc | Bool_Glob;
- Ch_2_Glob = 'B';
-} /* Proc_4 */
-
-
-Proc_5 () /* without parameters */
-/*******/
- /* executed once */
-{
- Ch_1_Glob = 'A';
- Bool_Glob = false;
-} /* Proc_5 */
-
-
- /* Procedure for the assignment of structures, */
- /* if the C compiler doesn't support this feature */
-#ifdef NOSTRUCTASSIGN
-memcpy (d, s, l)
-register char *d;
-register char *s;
-register int l;
-{
- while (l--) *d++ = *s++;
-}
-#endif
-
-
//GO.SYSIN DD dhry_1.c
echo dhry_2.c 1>&2
sed >dhry_2.c <<'//GO.SYSIN DD dhry_2.c' 's/^-//'
-/*
- ****************************************************************************
- *
- * "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
- * -----------------------------
- *
- * Version: C, Version 2.1
- *
- * File: dhry_2.c (part 3 of 3)
- *
- * Date: May 25, 1988
- *
- * Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
- *
- ****************************************************************************
- */
-
-#include "dhry.h"
-
-#ifndef REG
-#define REG
- /* REG becomes defined as empty */
- /* i.e. no register variables */
-#endif
-
-extern int Int_Glob;
-extern char Ch_1_Glob;
-
-
-Proc_6 (Enum_Val_Par, Enum_Ref_Par)
-/*********************************/
- /* executed once */
- /* Enum_Val_Par == Ident_3, Enum_Ref_Par becomes Ident_2 */
-
-Enumeration Enum_Val_Par;
-Enumeration *Enum_Ref_Par;
-{
- *Enum_Ref_Par = Enum_Val_Par;
- if (! Func_3 (Enum_Val_Par))
- /* then, not executed */
- *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_4;
- switch (Enum_Val_Par)
- {
- case Ident_1:
- *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_1;
- break;
- case Ident_2:
- if (Int_Glob > 100)
- /* then */
- *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_1;
- else *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_4;
- break;
- case Ident_3: /* executed */
- *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_2;
- break;
- case Ident_4: break;
- case Ident_5:
- *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_3;
- break;
- } /* switch */
-} /* Proc_6 */
-
-
-Proc_7 (Int_1_Par_Val, Int_2_Par_Val, Int_Par_Ref)
-/**********************************************/
- /* executed three times */
- /* first call: Int_1_Par_Val == 2, Int_2_Par_Val == 3, */
- /* Int_Par_Ref becomes 7 */
- /* second call: Int_1_Par_Val == 10, Int_2_Par_Val == 5, */
- /* Int_Par_Ref becomes 17 */
- /* third call: Int_1_Par_Val == 6, Int_2_Par_Val == 10, */
- /* Int_Par_Ref becomes 18 */
-One_Fifty Int_1_Par_Val;
-One_Fifty Int_2_Par_Val;
-One_Fifty *Int_Par_Ref;
-{
- One_Fifty Int_Loc;
-
- Int_Loc = Int_1_Par_Val + 2;
- *Int_Par_Ref = Int_2_Par_Val + Int_Loc;
-} /* Proc_7 */
-
-
-Proc_8 (Arr_1_Par_Ref, Arr_2_Par_Ref, Int_1_Par_Val, Int_2_Par_Val)
-/*********************************************************************/
- /* executed once */
- /* Int_Par_Val_1 == 3 */
- /* Int_Par_Val_2 == 7 */
-Arr_1_Dim Arr_1_Par_Ref;
-Arr_2_Dim Arr_2_Par_Ref;
-int Int_1_Par_Val;
-int Int_2_Par_Val;
-{
- REG One_Fifty Int_Index;
- REG One_Fifty Int_Loc;
-
- Int_Loc = Int_1_Par_Val + 5;
- Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc] = Int_2_Par_Val;
- Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc+1] = Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc];
- Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc+30] = Int_Loc;
- for (Int_Index = Int_Loc; Int_Index <= Int_Loc+1; ++Int_Index)
- Arr_2_Par_Ref [Int_Loc] [Int_Index] = Int_Loc;
- Arr_2_Par_Ref [Int_Loc] [Int_Loc-1] += 1;
- Arr_2_Par_Ref [Int_Loc+20] [Int_Loc] = Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc];
- Int_Glob = 5;
-} /* Proc_8 */
-
-
-Enumeration Func_1 (Ch_1_Par_Val, Ch_2_Par_Val)
-/*************************************************/
- /* executed three times */
- /* first call: Ch_1_Par_Val == 'H', Ch_2_Par_Val == 'R' */
- /* second call: Ch_1_Par_Val == 'A', Ch_2_Par_Val == 'C' */
- /* third call: Ch_1_Par_Val == 'B', Ch_2_Par_Val == 'C' */
-
-Capital_Letter Ch_1_Par_Val;
-Capital_Letter Ch_2_Par_Val;
-{
- Capital_Letter Ch_1_Loc;
- Capital_Letter Ch_2_Loc;
-
- Ch_1_Loc = Ch_1_Par_Val;
- Ch_2_Loc = Ch_1_Loc;
- if (Ch_2_Loc != Ch_2_Par_Val)
- /* then, executed */
- return (Ident_1);
- else /* not executed */
- {
- Ch_1_Glob = Ch_1_Loc;
- return (Ident_2);
- }
-} /* Func_1 */
-
-
-Boolean Func_2 (Str_1_Par_Ref, Str_2_Par_Ref)
-/*************************************************/
- /* executed once */
- /* Str_1_Par_Ref == "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING" */
- /* Str_2_Par_Ref == "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING" */
-
-Str_30 Str_1_Par_Ref;
-Str_30 Str_2_Par_Ref;
-{
- REG One_Thirty Int_Loc;
- Capital_Letter Ch_Loc;
-
- Int_Loc = 2;
- while (Int_Loc <= 2) /* loop body executed once */
- if (Func_1 (Str_1_Par_Ref[Int_Loc],
- Str_2_Par_Ref[Int_Loc+1]) == Ident_1)
- /* then, executed */
- {
- Ch_Loc = 'A';
- Int_Loc += 1;
- } /* if, while */
- if (Ch_Loc >= 'W' && Ch_Loc < 'Z')
- /* then, not executed */
- Int_Loc = 7;
- if (Ch_Loc == 'R')
- /* then, not executed */
- return (true);
- else /* executed */
- {
- if (strcmp (Str_1_Par_Ref, Str_2_Par_Ref) > 0)
- /* then, not executed */
- {
- Int_Loc += 7;
- Int_Glob = Int_Loc;
- return (true);
- }
- else /* executed */
- return (false);
- } /* if Ch_Loc */
-} /* Func_2 */
-
-
-Boolean Func_3 (Enum_Par_Val)
-/***************************/
- /* executed once */
- /* Enum_Par_Val == Ident_3 */
-Enumeration Enum_Par_Val;
-{
- Enumeration Enum_Loc;
-
- Enum_Loc = Enum_Par_Val;
- if (Enum_Loc == Ident_3)
- /* then, executed */
- return (true);
- else /* not executed */
- return (false);
-} /* Func_3 */
-
//GO.SYSIN DD dhry_2.c
echo dhry_c.dif 1>&2
sed >dhry_c.dif <<'//GO.SYSIN DD dhry_c.dif' 's/^-//'
-7c7
-< * Version: C, Version 2.1
----
-> * Version: C, Version 2.0
-9c9
-< * File: dhry.h (part 1 of 3)
----
-> * File: dhry_global.h (part 1 of 3)
-11c11
-< * Date: May 25, 1988
----
-> * Date: March 3, 1988
-30c30
-< * In addition, Berkeley UNIX system calls "times ()" or "time ()"
----
-> * In addition, UNIX system calls "times ()" or "time ()"
-44c44
-< * Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.
----
-> * Please send results to Reinhold Weicker and/or Rick Richardson.
-59c59
-< * History: This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:
----
-> * History: This version C/2.0 has been made for two reasons:
-123,129d122
-< * Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via
-< * the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it corrects
-< * some minor deficiencies that were found by users of version 2.0.
-< * The only change within the measurement loop is that a
-< * non-executed "else" part was added to the "if" statement in
-< * Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part removed from Proc_3.
-< *
-165,167c158,160
-< * -DHZ=nnn
-< * In Berkeley UNIX, the function "times" returns process
-< * time in 1/HZ seconds, with HZ = 60 for most systems.
----
-> * -DHZ=nnn (default: 60)
-> * The function "times" returns process times in
-> * 1/HZ seconds, with HZ = 60 for most systems.
-169c162
-< * A VALUE.
----
-> * THE DEFAULT VALUE.
-176,178c169,171
-< * - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
-< * - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
-< * - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
----
-> * - dhry_global.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
-> * - dhry_pack_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
-> * - dhry_pack_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
-350a344
-> #ifndef TIMES
-353,354c347,354
-< /* Use times(2) time function unless */
-< /* explicitly defined otherwise */
----
-> #endif
-> /* Use "times" function for measurement */
-> /* unless explicitly defined otherwise */
-> #ifndef HZ
-> #define HZ 60
-> #endif
-> /* Use HZ = 60 for "times" function */
-> /* unless explicitly defined otherwise */
-363c363
-< /* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */
----
-> /* UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */
-7c7
-< * Version: C, Version 2.1
----
-> * Version: C, Version 2.0
-9c9
-< * File: dhry_1.c (part 2 of 3)
----
-> * File: dhry_pack_1.c (part 2 of 3)
-11c11
-< * Date: May 25, 1988
----
-> * Date: March 3, 1988
-18c18
-< #include "dhry.h"
----
-> #include "dhry_global.h"
-50,51d49
-< #define Too_Small_Time 120
-< /* Measurements should last at least about 2 seconds */
-55a54,55
-> #endif
->
-58d57
-< #endif
-73a73
->
-84a85
->
-99,100c100,102
-< /* Was missing in published program. Without this statement, */
-< /* Arr_2_Glob [8][7] would have an undefined value. */
----
-> /* Was missing in published program. Without this */
-> /* initialization, Arr_2_Glob [8][7] would have an */
-> /* undefined value. */
-105c107
-< printf ("Dhrystone Benchmark, Version 2.1 (Language: C)\n");
----
-> printf ("Dhrystone Benchmark, Version 2.0 (Language: C)\n");
-281c283
-< /******************/
----
-> /**********************/
-338c340
-< /******************/
----
-> /**********************/
-347a350,351
-> else /* not executed */
-> Int_Glob = 100;
-349a354
->
-7c7
-< * Version: C, Version 2.1
----
-> * Version: C, Version 2.0
-9c9
-< * File: dhry_2.c (part 3 of 3)
----
-> * File: dhry_pack_2.c (part 3 of 3)
-11c11
-< * Date: May 25, 1988
----
-> * Date: March 3, 1988
-18c18
-< #include "dhry.h"
----
-> #include "dhry_global.h"
-189,190d188
-< else /* not executed */
-< return (false);
//GO.SYSIN DD dhry_c.dif
echo submit.frm 1>&2
sed >submit.frm <<'//GO.SYSIN DD submit.frm' 's/^-//'
-DHRYSTONE 2.1 BENCHMARK REPORTING FORM
-MANUF:
-MODEL:
-PROC:
-CLOCK:
-OS:
-OVERSION:
-COMPILER:
-CVERSION:
-OPTIONS:
-NOREG:
-REG:
-NOTES:
-DATE:
-SUBMITTER:
-CODESIZE:
-MAILTO: uunet!pcrat!dry2
//GO.SYSIN DD submit.frm